BP英国议会制辩论指南 University_BP_Guide

Introduction:

This guide is aimed primarily at those of you who have little to no British Parliamentary experience. It is intended to illustrate the mechanics and basic tactics of BP. Sometimes beginners can be discouraged by BP because of various factors in the round. But BP done well can be an incredibly rewarding experience, and trying BP can improve the way you debate in other styles.

This guide also includes a DVD of the Hugill 2003 Final as an example of a BP round. The Basics:

In BP there are 4 teams in each round. Two teams represent the Government, and two teams represent the Opposition. The Government supports the resolution, and the Opposition opposes the resolution. The teams are also divided into the Opening and Closing halves of the debate. The teams are organized like this in the room:

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Opening Government (OG) | Opening Opposition (OO)

______|______

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Closing Government (CG) | Closing Opposition (CO)

|

There are two speakers on each team. Each speaker has a title. The titles are:

OG: Prime Minister OO: Leader of the Opposition

Deputy Prime Minister Deputy Leader of the Opposition

CG: Member of the Government CO: Member of the Opposition

Government Whip Opposition Whip

The speaking order is as follows:

1.Prime Minister First Speaker, OG

2.Leader of the Opposition First Speaker, OO

3.Deputy Prime Minister Second Speaker, OG

4.Deputy Leader of the Opposition Second Speaker, OO

5.Member of the Government First Speaker, CG

6.Member of the Opposition First Speaker, CO

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/d53126337.html,ernment Whip Second Speaker, CG

8.Opposition Whip Second Speaker, CO

Debates are presided over by a Speaker, who is often the Chair of the adjudicator panel. The Speaker keeps time and calls debaters to the floor.

Each debater has 7 minutes to speak. The first and last minutes are protected time. This means that no POIs may be offered during this time. The Speaker will give a signal at the end and the beginning of protected time, at the seven-minute mark, and at the end of grace. The Speaker will probably not give time signals otherwise, so it is recommended that debaters bring a stopwatch to time themselves or their partner.

There are no Points of Order, or Points of Personal Privilege.

At the end of each debate, the teams will be ranked from first place to fourth place. Each ranking has a point value associated with it. The common point values used are as follows:

First Place = 3 points

Second Place = 2 points

Third Place = 1 point

Fourth Place = 0 points

Your points are added over the course of the tournament. The break is determined by point total, and speaker points if some teams have the same point total.

Matter and Manner

In BP there are two categories that you are judged on as a speaker. Matter is the content of your speech, and manner is how you present that content. Matter and manner are weighted equally. The lists include some of the more common elements of matter and manner, but are not exhaustive.

Matter Includes:

?Substantive arguments for your side

?Rebuttal arguments

?Case Studies / Facts

?POIs

Manner Includes:

?Humor

?Appropriate language

?Engaging the audience

Roles of the Teams and Speakers

You’ll hear a lot about the “roles” of teams and speakers in BP. In order for a round to be able to develop properly, the teams participating in the round must fulfill certain criteria. When they succeed they will have fulfilled their role and they will be developing the debate. If they fail then the debate will suffer in quality because of it, and this will absolutely be considered in the adjudication.

Roles of the Teams (Overview)

Opening Government:

?Defines the terms of the debate

?Opens the case for the Government

?Opposes the case of the Opening Opposition when it is presented Opening Opposition:

?Opposes the case of the Opening Government

?Opens the case for the Opposition

Closing Government:

?Extends the Government case

?Opposes the cases of the Opening and Closing Opposition teams

?Summarizes the debate

Closing Opposition:

?Extends the Opposition case

?Opposes the cases of the Opening and Closing Opposition teams

?Summarizes the debate

Roles of the Speakers (Overview)

Prime Minister (Opening Government):

?Defines the resolution

?Introduces the Government case

Leader of the Opposition (Opening Opposition):

?Rebuts what PM said

?Introduces Opening Opposition case

?If there’s going to be a definitional challenge, the LO must mention it in their speech, otherwise all the other teams in the round must accept the

original definition (See: Challenging the Definition)

Deputy Prime Minister (Opening Government):

?Rebuts what LO said

?Continues Opening Government case

Deputy Leader of the Opposition (Opening Opposition):

?Rebuts what DPM said

?Continues Opening Opposition case

Member of the Government (Closing Government):

?Extends the Government case

?Rebuts what DLO said

Member of the Opposition (Closing Opposition):

?Extends the Opposition case

?Rebuts what MG said

Government Whip (Closing Government):

?May introduce new contentions, but it’s not generally recommended

?Rebuts what the MO said

?Summarizes the debate

Opposition Whip (Closing Government):

?Absolutely no new contentions may be introduced, but new evidence in support of existing contentions may be introduced

?Rebuts what the GW said

?Summarizes the debate

Role of the Opening Government

The first goal of an OG team is to present a clear, coherent, and above all, contentious case. Remember that the OG case must be contentious enough to last for eight speeches, and 56 minutes of debate. One of the most important things OG teams should keep in mind is that bold cases are generally better to run than squirreled cases that run out of steam within the first few sp eeches. It is debate, after all. This doesn’t mean that you should propose that humans eat their young. But it does mean that you shouldn’t be afraid of proposing controversial models or cases. The major point: Propose bold, but not suicidal cases.

The next thing that you must remember as OG is that your case must be within the spirit of the resolution. At most BP tournaments the resolutions are directed. This means that the resolution will hint at the topic that should be discussed. However, the wording will usually be such that the OG will have a degree of flexibility in how they frame their case. However, a degree of flexibility does not mean that the OG can ignore the resolution (like we do at most CUSID tournaments).

An example of an acceptable and unacceptable interpretation of a resolution: Resolution: THW Sell its Children

Acceptable: THW Legalize Surrogacy for Profit

Unacceptable: THBT Developing Nations Should Prioritize Economic Development

Over Environmental Protection

The reason why the second interpretation is abusive is because the original resolution clearly hints at a topic involving the exchange of children for some benefit. This could be a myriad of things, from surrogacy for profit, to foreign adoption limits. So the OG has a degree of flexibility in choosing a topic relating to the selling of children. With this in mind, the second interpretation clearly goes against the spirit of the resolution.

The Role of the Opening Opposition

The Opening Opposition role is probably the one that debaters new to BP will have the least amount of trouble with. It’s fairly similar to the standard CP Opposition, but with different timings. However, there are some extremely important differences between the two.

As the OO team, your role is twofold. You must refute what the OG team has said, but it is not enough to simply poke holes in the OG case. You must also bring in constructive arguments of your own. It is not enough to go into a BP round as an OO team and do a rebuttal-only opposition. A good OO case would make sense if the wording of the resolution were reversed, and OO became the OG. You have to bring your own constructive analysis to the round.

Good OO teams will often tie in some of their rebuttal with their constructive points as well. This allows the judges to see that you’re engaging with the other team’s arguments as well as using them to build up your own. Using this style will also help you stay under the time limit, which is often a difficult thing to do i f you’re faced with a lot of rebutting and summarizing.

So remember: It’s not enough to say why their ideas are stupid, you have to say why your ideas are smart.

The Role of the Closing Teams

The closing positions of the debate are where we see the most significant difference between BP and CP debating. Both closing teams are expected to offer an extension for their opening team’s case. What is an extension? An extension can take many forms:

?Switching the focus of the debate from practical to philosophical arguments, or vice versa

?Bringing in new practical/philosophical arguments

?Focusing on a specific case study

?Focusing on an already mentioned argument and expanding on it significantly This is an incredibly short list of acceptable extensions. The main goal for a closing team is to differentiate yourself from the opening team, but still support them. It is very important that you support the opening team. But at the same time it’s still important for your arguments to be better than theirs. So you have to make sure that your case has an over-arching theme that the judges can easily identify, that makes your team distinct from the opening team, and still supports the opening team.This doesn't have to be difficult. Many teams stress themselves out about the closing positions because of the extension, but being on the closing half of the debate has distinct advantages. The closing teams have the ability not only to introduce their own constructive matter and rebut what the other team has said, but also to summarize the debate in their own words.

The summary is to be done by the second speaker on each closing team. This is an integral part of the role of each closing team. There are many ways to summarize the debate. Some speakers like to identify the main themes that were analyzed during the round. Some speakers like to label each team with a name describing their arguments. One of the easiest ways for debaters new to BP to go through their summary speech is to identify three

questions that need to be answered at the end of the round, and say why your side, and particularly your team, bring the best resolution to those questions. Any style you choose is fine so long as it gives a substantive summary of the arguments in the round, and why you won those arguments. As a reminder: The Opposition Whip is not allowed any new arguments in their speech, and it is highly recommended that the Government Whip focus entirely on summery, as well.

Basic Tactics and Pitfalls:

POIs:

?Give two POIs, and take two POIs

?POIs shouldn't be given for the sole purpose of destroying the other team's case. POIs should build your case up as well.

?If you're in the opening half of the debate your priority in the second half should be to remain involved. Make sure your arguments aren't lost among the second half of the debate. POIs are the best way to accomplish this.

?If you're in the second half of the debate then you should be extremely careful about the POIs that you give to first half teams. Sometimes your opening team may try and steal your extension if you give too much away in your POIs.

?Try to remain involved in the debate by standing on POIs, but do not harass the speaker by continually standing on POIs and saying things like "On Liberty", "On the Geneva Convention", etc.

?It is always better to get in one or two excellent POIs than four or five mediocre ones.

One of the best ways to accomplish this is for you and your partner to put a sheet a paper between you with your best POI written down. Then, when the speaker takes either of you you're certain to have an excellent POI.

?Just because everyone else is standing up on a POI doesn't mean you have to, Sometimes when a speaker says something monumentally stupid everyone on opposite benches will stand up. Usually the speaker won't take a POI at that time, but if there's someone who stood up late, they just might let them ask a question. Often, the debater giving the POI will be caught off-guard by this. So don't stand up on a POI just because everyone

else is. But if you do, make sure you have a question.

?Let people finish their question before you wave them down, but if they start to make a speech, or refuse to sit down, start waving them down immediately. If they still won't sit down then the speaker will deal with them.

?Finish your thought before you accept a question. It is very easy to forget where you were if you allow someone to interrupt you.

?If you want to get your question taken it is often better to stand at the end of the speaker's point. They'll be more likely to take you.

?If you are in a round with teams of very disparate skills, it may at first seem like a good idea to take POIs from the weakest team. And that can work. But the judges will be more impressed if you give a good answer to a difficult POI than if you smack down a weak POI. So you might want to choose to take POIs from the better team. This will show the judges that you're willing to engage the better team in the round. Organization:

?At the beginning of your speech tell the judges what you're going to be speaking about. ?More advanced debaters may feel comfortable speaking without numbering their points or signposting where they're going with their speech. But the majority of beginning BP debaters will probably find it helpful to number their points and to make very clear to the judges what they're speaking about. This helps the judges keep track of your most

important points, and it helps you cover everything you need to.

?Pay attention to your timing. If you say that you're going to introduce three constructive points and then you run out of time, that will reflect poorly on you.

?Always fill your time.

Speaking Style:

?The most important thing is to keep the audience engaged. You don't want them drifting off and thinking you're boring.

?There are many ways to keep the audience and judges engaged. These include humor, intelligent analysis, and delivery.

?Not everyone can be a funny speaker, and that's ok. Most people aren't. But it will help if you can use a few funny quips, or open with a joke.

?Avoid being monotonous. Vary your tone and pace of delivery.

?Never insult another debater's race, gender, sexual orientation, or religion.

Anything offensive will be penalized. Err on the side of caution.

Analysis:

?Try to introduce facts, case studies, and philosophical analysis instead of statistics.

?Statistics are boring, they can be easily dismissed by the opposition, they generally fall into "specific knowledge", and they're easily falsified.

?Focus on examples. Appropriate examples and case studies will make a case better for the beginning BP debater than any pretty rhetoric can.

?Stay focused. Remember what you are trying to communicate to the audience, and then communicate it. Don't go off on tangents.

Definitional Challenges:

?Definitional challenges are exceedingly rare.

?Do not object to a definition of a resolution if it is merely stupid or generally bad.

?The only time you should object to the definition is if it is a truism or tautology.

?The only speaker who can object to the OG definition is the LO. If the LO doesn't object, no one else can.

?If the LO objects to the definition then they must substitute their own.

?The remaining debaters then have to decide which definition to use.

?If the remaining debaters use the LOs definition then the debate can continue on like normal.

?If there is still disagreement about the definition then the closing teams must decide which definition to support, or whether to substitute their own.

?This is why it is usually an exceptionally bad idea to challenge a definition that isn't a truism or tautology. It's very messy.

Knifing:

?Knifing is when a closing team, or even a partner on the same team, blatantly disagrees with a fundamental part of the substantive case that they're supposed to be supporting.

(Effectively knifing someone in the back).

?In the vast majority of situations you should not knife your opening team. It will be a negative factor for you in the adjudication as supporting your opening team is a

fundamental part of your role.

?However, occasionally your opening team will be so shrill and off the mark that you'll have to basically ignore what they said in order to salvage your side of the round. You may have to twist what they said in order to make sense of their case. Be careful with this strategy. You probably won't take a first, but you may be able to salvage a point or two out of the round.

Tactics for High Bracket Rounds:

?While it is always a good thing to take a first place in a BP round, once you get into the high bracket rounds the most important thing is to avoid taking the fourth..

?When you get into high rooms you'll find that the competition between the teams becomes that much closer. So it's important not to give the judges an excuse to drop you.

Watch the small things as well as the big ones. Be careful with timings, signposting, and rebutting what your opponents have said.

?Do not stress out about your position in the round, or whether other teams are really good. Concentrate only on staying involved in the round, and demonstrating good

analysis and argumentation. A lack of confidence will show through.

英国议会制辩论规则

英国议会制辩论规则

世界大专辩论赛（WUDC）的规则（英国议会制辩论赛） “辩题”，即辩论所围绕展开的议题。辩题将辩手分为正反两方，且双方均有合理辩论的余地。 通常，辩题于各轮比赛开始前十五或三十分钟公布；每轮辩题均不相同。有时，辩题范围（如“环境问题”，“国际关系”等）甚至辩题本身也会在大赛开始前公布。 辩题将在一个中央地点向所有辩手公布。准备时间为十五至三十分钟，由大赛主办方规定。通常，辩手在准备时间内可以与自己的搭档讨论。某些情况下，主办方也允许辩手与教练或带队老师讨论。此间，辩手可以参阅任何纸质资料。世界大专辩论赛允许辩手在辩论过程中使用任何纸质材料；而其他比赛仅允许辩手在准备时间内使用事前准备好的资料。准备期间，通常可以使用电子词典，但禁止使用其它一切电子设备。 辩论模式 每场辩论由四队参加：正方两队，反方两队。各队独立准备。每队两名辩手，每位辩手按如下顺序陈词，不超过7分钟。 辩论模式简要

辩手辩手名称时间 正方一队，一辩首相"Prime Minister" 7 分钟 反方一队，一辩反对党领袖"Leader of the Opposition" 7 分钟 正方一队，二辩副首相"Deputy Prime Minister" 7 分钟 反方一队，二辩反对党副领袖"Deputy Leader of the Opposition"7 分钟 正方二队，一辩内阁成员"Member for the Government" 7 分钟 反方二队，一辩反对党成员"Member for the Opposition" 7 分钟 正方二队，二辩内阁党鞭陈词"Government Whip" 7 分钟 反方二队，二辩反对党党鞭陈词"Opposition Whip" 7 分钟 议会制辩论质询

英国议会辩论制介绍

英国议会辩论制介绍 WTD standardization office【WTD 5AB- WTDK 08- WTD 2C】

本届比赛采用英国议会辩论制（也称为世界大学辩论赛制式），即British P a r l i a m e n t a r y D e b a t i n g ,简称 B P F o r m a t 。 1. 辩论队 每轮英国议会制辩论比赛中有4支辩论队同场，每队2人。支持辩题的队伍称为“正方”，驳斥辩题的队伍称为“反方”。正、反两方分别由两支队伍构成。每一支队伍都需要与另3队进行竞争，最后决出1至4名的排名次序。 2. 辩论队伍及选手发言顺序 注： 1）一轮比赛由4支队 伍参加，每队2人；正方的上院和正方下院代表政府； 2）每场比赛开始前，抽签决定4 支队伍的4个角色；其中2支队伍为正方、2支队伍为反方，互相为竞争关系； 3）表中R 为角色，数字1-8为发言顺序； 4）每人发言时间为7分钟（含接受和回答POI 质询的时间）。 3. 发言计时 1）每位辩手的发言的时间均为7分钟。 正方上院（OG ） Opening Government R1: Prime Minister/Leader R3: Deputy Prime Minister 反方上院（OO ） Opening Opposition R2: Leader R4: Deputy Leader 正方下院(CG) Closing Government R5: Member R7：Whip 反方下院(CO) Closing Opposition R6：Member R8：Whip

“外研社杯”全国大学生英语辩论赛比赛细则

“外研社杯”全国大学生英语辩论赛比赛细则 一、报名方式 以团队为单位报名，每队由2名学生组成（即一个人扮演两个辩手的角色），填写详细准确的报名信息。内容包括： （1）队名（要求：积极向上，控制在10个字符之内，中英文不限），队名将作为该队在选拔赛对阵表中唯一标识； （2）2名辩手的姓名、所在院系及年级、手机号、常用邮箱； （注：赛前将由指导老师统一进行辩论指导） 二、参赛队伍构成： 每轮比赛由两支队伍构成，每队设两名辩手，正方一辩称为Leader of Proposition（正方领袖），二辩为Member of Proposition（正方成员）；反方一辩称为Leader of Opposition（反方领袖）, 二辩为Member of Opposition（反方成员）。 三、比赛规则： 为与省复赛及全国决赛接轨，本比赛采用目前国际流行的“议会式”辩论赛制（以下简称BP，即British Parliamentary Debating Format）。 比赛采用淘汰制，两个人组一队，参赛队伍通过抽签决定对手、辩论场地以及正方、反方。第一轮比赛结束，共有4支队伍晋级第二轮比赛。通过第二轮比赛选出2支队伍，最终产生PK选出一支队伍参加“外研社杯”全国大学生英语辩论赛福建省区复赛。（若参加比赛的队伍为单数，将通过抽签的方式选出一支队伍与第一轮比赛成绩最低的队伍PK，最终决定该队伍是否晋级第二轮复赛）四、辩论题目：This House Believes That Cooperation is better than Competition in promoting social advancement与竞争相比，合作更能使社会进步 五、比赛流程 （1）评分标准:每支辩论队两名辩手得分之和视为队伍得分,75分代表比赛选手的平均水平 （2）选手发言顺序: 每位选手都应按以下顺序进行发言：

英国议会制辩论赛介绍

1、BP制是British Parliamentary（英国议会制）的简称，是仿照英国议会开会议事模式而设计的一系列辩论赛规则的总称，是全世界范围内使用最广泛的辩论规则，世界大学生辩论赛WUDC（The World Universitie s Debating Championships）及中国辩论公开赛China Open均使用此规则。 2、常见的BP制是四队议会制辩论，每场比赛分正反双方，设“正方上院”、“正方下院”、“反方上院”、“反方下院”四队，每队两人，故可概括为“两方、四队、八人”。 3、胜负评判为排序制，即根据各队表现在四队中排出1、2、3、4名，胜负不以正反方而论，即完全可以出现正方上院第一名而正方下院第四名的情况。 4、BP制的竞赛程序可简单描述为“角色扮演”+“交替演讲”，每位辩手均拥有一个议员角色，均拥有7分钟左右（不同赛事时长不一）发言时长，正反方从上到下交替发言，没有自由辩论等任何快速交替发言环节。 5、BP制有一种特殊的“质询”规则：Point of Information (“PoI”)。Po I允许对方辩手在“非保护时间”（每人发言时间中除开第一分钟和最后一分钟之外的所有时间）示意要求提问，经发言者允许后向发言者提问质询。质询者提问时间计入发言者时长，故针对PoI，发言者有权决定是否接受、何时接受、如何回答等事宜。

6、BP制区别于常见华语辩论赛制的最大特点在于“角色扮演”，如下表： 正方上院第一位发言 者首相(Prime Minister) 正方一辩 反方上院第一位发言 者反对党领袖（Leader of the Opposition） 反方一辩 正方上院第二位发言 者副首相（Deputy Prime Minister） 正方二辩 反方上院第二位发言者反对党副领袖（Deputy Leader of the Oppositio n） 反方二辩 正方下院第一位发言 者政府阁员（Member of Government） 正方三辩 反方下院第一位发言 者反对党阁员（Member of the Opposition） 反方三辩

英国议会辩论制介绍

英国议会辩论制介绍 Document number：NOCG-YUNOO-BUYTT-UU986-1986UT

本届比赛采用英国议会辩论制（也称为世界大学辩论赛制式），即British Parliamentary Debating,简称BP Format 。 1. 辩论队 每轮英国议会制辩论比赛中有4支辩论队同场，每队2人。支持辩题的队伍称为“正方”，驳斥辩题的队伍称为“反方”。正、反两方分别由两支队伍构成。每一支队伍都需要与另3队进行竞争，最后决出1至4名的排名次序。 2. 辩论队伍及选手发言顺序 注： 1）一轮比赛由4支队伍参加，每队2人；正方的上院和正方下院代表政府； 2）每场比赛开始前，抽签决定4支队伍的4个角色；其中2支队伍为正方、2支队伍为反方，互相为竞争关系； 3）表中R 为角色，数字1-8为发言顺序； 4）每人发言时间为7分钟（含接受和回答POI 质询的时间）。 3. 发言计时 1）每位辩手的发言的时间均为7分钟。 正方上院（OG ） Opening Government R1: Prime Minister/Leader R3: Deputy Prime Minister 反方上院（OO ） Opening Opposition R2: Leader R4: Deputy Leader 正方下院(CG) Closing Government R5: Member R7：Whip 反方下院(CO) Closing Opposition R6：Member R8：Whip

2）辩手提出“质询”（POI，Point of Information 简称）的时间应在第2到第6分钟之间。“质询”是指在对方发言时，针对发言者正在申述的论点提出的本方观点。 3）发言计时从辩手开始说话为始；所有必要内容（包括说明、介绍等）均在计时范围内。 4）计时人员将在以下时间点向选手示意： 第1分钟末响铃一次（允许开始提出“质询”）； 第6分钟末响铃一次（提出“质询”的时间结束）； 第7分钟末连续响铃两次（发言时间结束）； 7分15秒连续响铃（发言缓冲时间结束）。 注：在连续两次响铃结束后辩手有15秒“缓冲”时间，在这段时间内允许选手总结已出具论点；缓冲时间内，不允许出具新论据，否则所提新论据可被判为无效；“缓冲”时间后仍继续发言的辩手将被扣分。 4. 辩手角色分配（仅供参考） 1）除了辩论双方的第四辩手，其它所有辩手都需要提出自己的论点。 2）除了“首相”，其他辩手角色都要反驳对方的辩论。

英国议会制辩论(BP)一辩稿

Thank you chairman! Honorable judges, ladies and gentlemen, good morning! I’m very gland to be the prime minister. Our side firmly believes that The advantages of mobile devices outweigh the disadvantages over interpersonal distance. 定义： Mobile device, in this case, means the mobile phone. It’s a kind of intelligent and multiple mobile equipment which covers information, communication, entertainment,internet and so on. There is no doubt that mobile phone is an important tool and plays an indispensable role in our life. Now let’s have a look at the definition of interpersonal distance. Distance, we must admit that it includes the aspects of time, space and emotion. So our group will demonstrate the impact of mobile phones on narrowing the distance between people from these three aspects. 观点： （一）情感距离 First of all, the mobile phone makes communication between people easier, convenient and fast, directly narrow the

英国议会制辩论常用语精华总结BPdebate

Honorable judges, distinguished guests, ladies and gentlemen..... LOGICAL ＆ CLEARLY Ways to open a debate To set the framework for our opinion, we believe it is necessary to state…We would like to introduce our stand by giving the following definitions. …In order to effectively debate this topic, we would like to propose…. A number of key issues arise which merit (deserve) closer examination. In the first place we would like to make clear that…. The main argument focuses on…. 1.Giving Reasons and offering explanations: To start with…, The reason why..., That's why..., For this reason..., That's the reason why..., Many people think....,

Considering..., Allowing for the fact that..., When you consider that..., 2. Asking for an opinion from the other party I would be glad to hear your opinion of …我很乐意听听你对……的意见。 I was wondering where you stood on the question of …我想知道你对……问题怎么看。 well…what do you think (about What's your view on the matter 就这件事你的看法呢 how do you see it你怎么看它 do you think that…你认为…吗 3.Stating an opinion陈述观点 I think..., In my opinion..., I believe… I'd like to point out that我想指出的是… Speaking for myself站在自己的立场上说… I'd like to say this…我会这样说… I suppose...,

辩论英国议会制bp赛制介绍

英国议会制(B P)赛制介绍Introduction about British Parliamentary Style (一)辩论队 每轮英国议会制辩论比赛中有4支辩论队同场，每队2人。支持辩题的队伍称为”正方”，驳斥辩题的队伍称为”反方”。正、反两方分别由两支队伍构成，并分别发表开篇陈述和总结陈词。每一支队伍都需要与另3队进行竞争，最后决出1至4名。 (二)选手发言顺序 每位选手都应按以下顺序进行发言： (三)发言计时 每位辩手的发言的时间均为7分钟。辩手提出”质询”的时间应在第2到第6分钟之间。”质询”是指在对方发言时，针对发言者正在申述的论点提出的本方观点。 发言计时从辩手开始说话为始；所有必要内容(包括说明、介绍等)都在计时范围内。计时人员将在以下时间点向选手示意： ·第一分钟末响铃一次(允许开始提出”质询”)

·第六分钟末响铃一次(提出”质询”的时间结束) ·第七分钟末(7’00’’) 连续响铃两次(发言时间结束) ·超时15’后(7’15’’) 连续响铃(发言缓冲时间结束) 在连续两次响铃结束后辩手有15秒“缓冲”时间，在这段时间内允许选手总结已出具论点。“缓冲”时间内不允许出具新论据，在“缓冲”时间内提出的新论据可以被裁判判为无效。在”缓冲”时间后仍继续发言的辩手将被裁判团扣分。 (四)辩手角色分配 每个选手都有一个定位，每一个发言都有其特殊目的。下面列出的辩手角色描述具有借鉴作用，并非必须完全遵循。根据不同的辩论形式，辩手有时需要在完成本角色需要说明的部分之外，还要表述其它方面的观点，在正方支持辩题、反方驳斥辩题的基础上，发言结构仍需满足其它论证的需要。 除了辩论双方的第四辩手，其它所有辩手都需要提出自己的论点。除了”首相”，所有辩手都要反驳对方辩友的辩论。

英国议会制辩论规则

世界大专辩论赛（WUDC）的规则（英国议会制辩论赛） “辩题”，即辩论所围绕展开的议题。辩题将辩手分为正反两方，且双方均有合理辩论的余地。 通常，辩题于各轮比赛开始前十五或三十分钟公布；每轮辩题均不相同。有时，辩题围（如“环境问题”，“国际关系”等）甚至辩题本身也会在大赛开始前公布。 辩题将在一个中央地点向所有辩手公布。准备时间为十五至三十分钟，由大赛主办方规定。通常，辩手在准备时间可以与自己的搭档讨论。某些情况下，主办方也允许辩手与教练或带队老师讨论。此间，辩手可以参阅任何纸质资料。世界大专辩论赛允许辩手在辩论过程中使用任何纸质材料；而其他比赛仅允许辩手在准备时间使用事前准备好的资料。准备期间，通常可以使用电子词典，但禁止使用其它一切电子设备。 辩论模式 每场辩论由四队参加：正方两队，反方两队。各队独立准备。每队两名辩手，每位辩手按如下顺序词，不超过7分钟。 辩论模式简要 辩手辩手名称时间 正方一队，一辩首相"Prime Minister" 7 分钟 反方一队，一辩反对党领袖"Leader of the Opposition" 7 分钟 正方一队，二辩副首相"Deputy Prime Minister" 7 分钟 反方一队，二辩反对党副领袖"Deputy Leader of the Opposition"7 分钟 正方二队，一辩阁成员"Member for the Government" 7 分钟 反方二队，一辩反对党成员"Member for the Opposition" 7 分钟 正方二队，二辩阁党鞭词"Government Whip" 7 分钟 反方二队，二辩反对党党鞭词"Opposition Whip" 7 分钟 议会制辩论质询 在所有词中，除第一分钟及最后一分钟外，辩手都可以口头示意或直接起立提出质询。正在发言的辩手可以接受或拒绝该质询。一旦质询被接受，质询者有15秒的时间述自己的意见。质询时间将被计算在词时间。 如质询被接受，质询者可以提问、提出一个简要论点或者对某一观点进行简要反驳。正在发言的辩手应该立即对质询作出回应。 议会制辩论中只允许质询这一种干预形式。 辩手职责以及词目的 每位辩手在辩论中各司其职，每一次词也各有其目的。下表列出了辩手职责和词目的，但无法穷尽，也非硬性规定。根据每场辩论的具体情况，辩手可能需要履行下表未提及的职责，词目的也可能有所变化，但只要遵循“正方维护辩题、反方攻击辩题”的规则即可。裁判将根据各队论点的有力程度为各辩手评分，而不是简单地根据其完成自己职责的程度评分。以下列出的职责仅供参考。 . .

英国议会制辩论讲座(BP制) - 第六讲党鞭结辩

China Debate Education Network Curriculum Outline Summarizing Arguments in Whip Speeches* 中国辩论教育网络课程大纲 党鞭陈词的论点总结 Notes Summarizing arguments in “Whip” speeches 党鞭陈词中的论点总结 I. Role of Whip speakers 一、党鞭的角色职责 A. Government Whip A.政府党鞭 1. Direct refutation of previous 1.直接反驳前面的反三 opposition speaker 2. Summary: direct 2.总结：直接比较政府和反对党 comparison of government and opposition positions ‐ A Whip speech should be a -党鞭陈词应该是一项归纳重组的工作，应将我方占 reframing job, to regroup all the 优势的论点总结归纳好。 advantageous arguments to that side of the debate. ‐An experienced whip will try to -一个有经验的党鞭会试图将整场辩论纳入己方熟悉 reframe the whole debate by 和喜爱的领域然后加以归纳总结 leading the argumentation process into a familiar and favorable territory to that side of the debate. B. Opposition Whip B.反对党党鞭 1. Summary: direct 1.总结：直接比较政府和反对党 comparison of government and opposition positions 2. Indirect refutation (included 2.间接反驳（包含在总结中） in the summary) ‐Direct refutation may cause the -直接反驳将导致反对党党鞭陷入正方的陷阱：他将 Opposition Whip to fall into a 不得不使用对方的词汇和角度去辩论 trap by debating using the other side’s vocabulary and perspective. ‐Refutation is a necessary part -但反驳对于反四又很重要，鉴于不宜直接反驳，间 of this speech. Since it cannot be 接反驳则更显明智。 * Created September 2012

英国议会制辩论优秀辩题

The International Olympic Committee should remove any age requirements for children to compete in the Olympics. All money currently spent on Confucius Institutes abroad should be spent instead on alleviating domestic poverty. China should hold the passengers of cars driven by drunk drivers criminally liable. China should require students to learn "red songs" (Hong Ge) at all levels of education. 。 China should allow international adoption to homosexual couples whose union is legally recognized in their home jurisdiction. China should require all foreign direct investment projects in Africa to hire least 50% of their workforce locally. Contestants who have undergone cosmetic surgery should be prohibited from competing in beauty pageant. China should establish an inheritance tax on the rich intended to prevent the transference of wealth between generations. China should criminalize academic dishonesty. THW arm the workers of charitable organizations working in unstable areas.

英国议会辩论制介绍

英国议会辩论制介绍 Revised by Chen Zhen in 2021

本届比赛采用英国议会辩论制（也称为世界大学辩论赛制式），即British Parliamentary Debating,简称BP Format 。 1. 辩论队 每轮英国议会制辩论比赛中有4支辩论队同场，每队2人。支持辩题的队伍称为“正方”，驳斥辩题的队伍称为“反方”。正、反两方分别由两支队伍构成。每一支队伍都需要与另3队进行竞争，最后决出1至4名的排名次序。 2. 辩论队伍及选手发言顺序 注： 1）一轮比赛由4支队伍参 加，每队2人；正方的上院和正方下院 代表政府； 2）每场比赛 开始前，抽签决定4支队伍 的4个角色；其中2支队伍 为正方、2支队伍为反方， 互相为竞争关系； 3）表中R 为角色，数字1- 8为发言顺序； 4）每人发言时间为7分钟（含接受和回答POI 质询的时间）。 3. 发言计时 正方上院（OG ） Opening Government R1: Prime Minister/Leader R3: Deputy Prime Minister 反方上院（OO ） Opening Opposition R2: Leader R4: Deputy Leader 正方下院(CG) Closing Government R5: Member R7：Whip 反方下院(CO) Closing Opposition R6：Member R8：Whip

1）每位辩手的发言的时间均为7分钟。 2）辩手提出“质询”（POI，Point of Information 简称）的时间应在第2到第6分钟之间。“质询”是指在对方发言时，针对发言者正在申述的论点提出的本方观点。 3）发言计时从辩手开始说话为始；所有必要内容（包括说明、介绍等）均在计时范围内。 4）计时人员将在以下时间点向选手示意： 第1分钟末响铃一次（允许开始提出“质询”）； 第6分钟末响铃一次（提出“质询”的时间结束）； 第7分钟末连续响铃两次（发言时间结束）； 7分15秒连续响铃（发言缓冲时间结束）。 注：在连续两次响铃结束后辩手有15秒“缓冲”时间，在这段时间内允许选手总结已出具论点；缓冲时间内，不允许出具新论据，否则所提新论据可被判为无效；“缓冲”时间后仍继续发言的辩手将被扣分。 4. 辩手角色分配（仅供参考） 1）除了辩论双方的第四辩手，其它所有辩手都需要提出自己的论点。 2）除了“首相”，其他辩手角色都要反驳对方的辩论。

英国议会制辩论讲座(BP制) - 第七讲反驳

I. Definition o f r efutation Notes A. Refutation i nvolves o ne d ebater directly r esponding t o a n argument o f a n o pposing d ebater. B. Refutation i nvolves a d ebater objecting t o a n a rgument r aised by s omeone o n t he o ther s ide. II. Purpose o f r efutation A. To d eny a c ompeting a rgument B. Weaken o r e ven d estroy a n argument C. To f orce t he o riginal d ebater t o generate a b etter a rgument. III. Methods o f r efutation A. Internal m ethod—considering t he standards o f g ood a rguments 1. Acceptability o f e vidence 2. Relevance o f l ink 3. Sufficiency o f l ink B. External m ethod 1. Creating c ounter a rguments 2. Objecting t o o pposing a rguments with a rguments o f y our o wn * C reated S eptember 2012 反驳的定义反驳涉及到一个辩手直接就对方辩手的论点做出反应反驳涉及到一个辩手反对对方辩手所主张的论点反驳的目的否认争议中的论点 弱化甚至摧毁一个论点迫使原来（提出旧论点）的辩手提出更好的论点反驳方法内部手段：从论证逻辑角度加以批驳证据的可接受性逻辑链的关联性　逻辑链的充分性 ＲＡＳ三角：良好论点所 应符合的特征 可接受性 关联性充分性 外部手段 建立相抗论点 以我方既有论点反驳对方论点

Introduction to British Parliamentary Debate 英国议会制辩论赛简介

Introduction to British Parliamentary Debate British Parliamentary Debate is very widespread,and has gained major support in the United Kingdom,Ireland,Europe,Africa,and United States.It has also been adopted as the official style of the World Universities Debating Championship and the European Universities Debating Championship. The Motion Every debate has a motion;this is the issue for discussion. A good motion has clear arguments in favour of it and against it. The motions used in most debating competition will be controversial issues,and a young person who frequently reads newspaper and thinks about what they are reading will be well equipped to win in debate. The motion is expressed“This House…”:this is a convention and“The House”is all the people present at the debate. Team Constitution (Two sides and Four factions) 1.Opening Government(first faction): Prime Minister Deputy Prime Minister 2.Opening Opposition(second faction): Leader of the Opposition Deputy Leader of the Opposition 3.Closing Government(third faction): Member for the Government Government Whip 4.Closing Opposition(fourth faction): Member for the Opposition Opposition Whip Team Rules Each team is allocated whether they will propose or oppose the motion. The teams are allocated whether they will speak first or second on their side of the motion. You must not contradict the other team on your side,but you are competing against them. You must show the judges that you can debate more persuasively that the teams on

英式辩论赛

英国议会制辩论及其对高校英语教学的启示 2009-11-04 23:36:05 作者：任亮娥绍兴文理学院外国语学院来源：绍兴文理学院学报浏览次数：217 网 友评论0 条 英国议会制辩论是英国和世界大学生辩论赛通用的一种辩论模式。通过介绍其来源、特点、形式、程序、要求及规则，说明对高校英语教学的启示。合理有效地采用辩论式 教学方法，对提高大学生的英语语言综合能力和良好的个人素质有促进作用。 中图分类号：G642.41 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1008-293X(2008)11- 0062- 04 1.引言 ^ 20世纪80年代中期，北京大学代表中国高校参加了新加坡创办的亚洲大专辩论赛后，大学生辩论赛开始风靡全国，各种形式的国内国际辩论赛开始层出不穷,许多高校成立.了辩论协会，为大学生搭建了展现自我、交流思想、追求真理、探索问题、关注社会热点的平台.成为大学校园中一项学生乐于参加的校园文化活动。在普遍开展的辩论活动中，英语辩论赛也越来越受3高等院校的重视。目前国家级与国际级英语辩论赛有"外研社杯"全国英语辩论赛（FLTRP Cup Nat ional Debate Tournamsnt)、亚洲大专英语辩论赛(Asian University Debate Championshi ps)、全亚校际辩论锦标赛(All-Asians Intervarsity Debate Championships)、世界大学英语辩论赛（Wetld Uni versity Debate Cham p ionships)、国际辩论教育协会英语辩论赛（International Debate Education Associat ion简禾尔IDEA)。 "外研社"杯英语辩论赛创办于1997年，现已成功举办了十届，是目前全国规模最大、水平最高的英语辩论赛。这一活动的开展促进了我国高校的外语教学，也激发了广大高校学生的外语学习兴趣，加强了校际间的广泛交流与合作，对于培养大学生的良好素质具有许多积极的意义。近年来，外研社组织优胜选手参加了三届世界大学生辩论赛(WUDC)，这标志着我国高校与国际间高校的交流和合作拉开了序幕，而且在2007年1月加拿大温哥华第27届世界大学英语辩论赛中，第十届"外研社"杯全国英语辩论赛亚军身份参赛的清华大学代表队经过几轮鏖战，一举夺得组(英语作为一种外语)冠

英国议会制辩论

英国议会制辩论——绅士的博弈 古人云：君子爱财，取之有道。倘若如此，那么英国议会制辩论可谓是：智者善辩，赢之在理了。 不同于美式辩论的唇枪舌剑，步步紧逼，英式议会制辩论更看重辩手本身对辩题的理解程度和自身逻辑思维的清晰度，强调不论在何时双方都应在平等的平台上竞争，并且评价的标准在于双方的参与度以及对辩题的贡献度，远非是否一方将另一方置之死地。因此，整个英式辩论的过程也更加和谐一些。但这绝不意味着其精彩程度会减少一分一毫。相反，去掉那些浮华的小伎俩之后，其思想的碰撞显得更加的激烈和纯粹。 纵观整场辩论，正反双方各四人有且仅有一次正式发言机会，时长7分钟，正反两方交替进行。在这短短7分钟之中，辩手要完成从反驳到立论，接受POI（point of information）及回答等一系列在其他形式辩论中可以用一整场时间完成的任务。这就要求选手需要具备： 1. 清晰的逻辑思维。 赛前从辩题下发到上场时间只有30分钟，这就要求选手必须快速形成思路并且确保及时在接受POI是还能保证思路的连贯性。

2. 较好的语言驾驭能力。 要确保7分钟内表达己方的思想选手必须能够恰当的遣词造句清楚，完整的让评委和对方辩友了解自己的思路。 3. 快速随机应变以及危机处理的能力 在完成演讲的同时，对方辩友极有可能提出质询，很多情况还会出现好几个人同时提出质询的情况。这就要求选手能够在组织思路的同时还能衡量时机是否合适接收质询以及接受谁的质询，从而达到最有利于传递己方思想的效果。 除此之外，演讲时间的分配也尤为重要。一般来说，前2-3分钟用于反驳对方观点，剩下的时间用来建立己方立场以及接受POI。这样做既能保证与对方的互动又能确保有足够的时间阐述清楚己方观点。 英式议会制辩论另一个重要特色就是POI。怎样提出以及接受POI都是选手需要审慎思考的地方。一般来说，每个辩手以接受１－３个POI为宜。过多不利于己方观点阐述，过少则有失互动之嫌。接受的时间一般选在一个论点完成之后，这样有利于保持思路的完整性和连贯性，使得评委和对方辩友更易听懂，切忌在发展一个论点的中途接受POI。而对于提出POI而言，理论上来说是越多越好。一旦发现对方逻辑错误或者论证不合理的地方，应马上起立提出POI。好的POI能够有效的捍卫你的立场同时让对方招架不及。因此，选手应当

英国议会制辩论

英国议会制辩论

二.英国议会制辩论 1. 辩论队 每轮英国议会制辩论比赛中有4支辩论队同场，每队2人。支持辩题的队伍称为"正方"，驳斥辩题的队伍称为"反方"。代表正方的两支队伍是正方上院和正方下院，代表反方的两支队伍是反方上院和反方下院。每支队伍都需要与另3队进行竞争，最后决出1至4名。 2.选手发言顺序 所有辩手须按照以此顺序进行发言。

3.发言计时 每位辩手的发言的时间均为7分钟，辩手提出“质询”的时间应在发言人讲话的第2到第6分钟之间。 发言计时从辩手开始说话为始，所有发言内容（包括致謝、开场白等）都在计时范围内。计时人员将在以下时间点向选手示意： 1’00”响铃一次（允许开始提出“质询”）6’00”响铃一次（提出“质询”的时间结束）

7' 00”连续响铃两次（发言时间结束） 7' 15”连续响铃（发言“缓冲”时间结束） 在连续两次响铃结束后，辩手有15秒“缓冲”间，在这段时间内允许选手进行总结。“缓冲”时间内不应提出新观点，且裁判可能会判此时间段内提出的新观点与论据为无效。在“缓冲”时间后仍继续发言的辩手将被裁判扣分。 4.辩手角色分配 每个辩手都有特定角色且每段发言都须有明确具体的目的。下面列出的辩手角色及职责可提供借鉴，但比赛中的辩手角色既不仅限于此，也并非皆须面面俱到。由于具体辩论情况不一，在正方支持辩题、反方驳斥辩题的前提下，辩手可能会完成设定角色以外的任务，其发言也可能不仅限于以下陈列的目的。 除了两方最后一位辩手（正方和反方党鞭），其他所有辩手都应引入新的论据和材料（但并不须是新观点）。除了首相，所有辩手都应反驳对方辩手的观点。辩手的职位分为“首相”或“正方领袖”“反方领袖”“副首相”“反方副领袖”

英国议会辩论制介绍审批稿

英国议会辩论制介绍 YKK standardization office【 YKK5AB- YKK08- YKK2C- YKK18】

本届比赛采用英国议会辩论制（也称为世界大学辩论赛制式），即British Parliamentary Debating,简称BP Format 。 1. 辩论队 每轮英国议会制辩论比赛中有4支辩论队同场，每队2人。支持辩题的队伍称为“正方”，驳斥辩题的队伍称为“反方”。正、反两方分别由两支队伍构成。每一支队伍都需要与另3队进行竞争，最后决出1至4名的排名次序。 2. 辩论队伍及选手发言顺序 注： 1）一轮比赛由4 支队伍参加，每队2人；正方的上院和正方下院代表政府； 2）每场 比赛开始前，抽签决定4支队伍的4个角色；其中2支队伍为正方、2支队伍为反方，互相为竞争关系； 3）表中R 为角色，数字1-8为发言顺序； 4）每人发言时间为7分钟（含接受和回答POI 质询的时间）。 3. 发言计时 1）每位辩手的发言的时间均为7分钟。 正方上院（OG ） Opening Government R1: Prime Minister/Leader R3: Deputy Prime Minister 反方上院（OO ） Opening Opposition R2: Leader R4: Deputy Leader 正方下院(CG) Closing Government R5: Member R7：Whip 反方下院(CO) Closing Opposition R6：Member R8：Whip

2）辩手提出“质询”（POI，Point of Information 简称）的时间应在第2到第6分钟之间。“质询”是指在对方发言时，针对发言者正在申述的论点提出的本方观点。 3）发言计时从辩手开始说话为始；所有必要内容（包括说明、介绍等）均在计时范围内。 4）计时人员将在以下时间点向选手示意： 第1分钟末响铃一次（允许开始提出“质询”）； 第6分钟末响铃一次（提出“质询”的时间结束）； 第7分钟末连续响铃两次（发言时间结束）； 7分15秒连续响铃（发言缓冲时间结束）。 注：在连续两次响铃结束后辩手有15秒“缓冲”时间，在这段时间内允许选手总结已出具论点；缓冲时间内，不允许出具新论据，否则所提新论据可被判为无效；“缓冲”时间后仍继续发言的辩手将被扣分。 4. 辩手角色分配（仅供参考） 1）除了辩论双方的第四辩手，其它所有辩手都需要提出自己的论点。 2）除了“首相”，其他辩手角色都要反驳对方的辩论。

BP英国议会制辩论指南UniversityBPGuide

Introduction: This guide is aimed primarily at those of you who have little to no British Parliamentary experience. It is intended to illustrate the mechanics and basic tactics of BP. Sometimes beginners can be discouraged by BP because of various factors in the round. But BP done well can be an incredibly rewarding experience, and trying BP can improve the way you debate in other styles. This guide also includes a DVD of the Hugill 2003 Final as an example of a BP round. The Basics: In BP there are 4 teams in each round. Two teams represent the Government, and two teams represent the Opposition. The Government supports the resolution, and the Opposition opposes the resolution. The teams are also divided into the Opening and Closing halves of the debate. The teams are organized like this in the room: | Opening Government (OG) | Opening Opposition (OO) ______|______ | Closing Government (CG) | Closing Opposition (CO) | There are two speakers on each team. Each speaker has a title. The titles are: OG: Prime Minister OO: Leader of the Opposition Deputy Prime Minister Deputy Leader of the Opposition CG: Member of the Government CO: Member of the Opposition Government Whip Opposition Whip The speaking order is as follows: 1.Prime Minister First Speaker, OG 2.Leader of the Opposition First Speaker, OO 3.Deputy Prime Minister Second Speaker, OG 4.Deputy Leader of the Opposition Second Speaker, OO 5.Member of the Government First Speaker, CG 6.Member of the Opposition First Speaker, CO https://www.wendangku.net/doc/d53126337.html,ernment Whip Second Speaker, CG 8.Opposition Whip Second Speaker, CO Debates are presided over by a Speaker, who is often the Chair of the adjudicator panel. The Speaker keeps time and calls debaters to the floor.