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虚拟用法归纳及练习

虚拟语气归纳和练习 1

虚拟语气的重点是：

1．一些常见的虚拟语气的句型或结构。

2．虚拟语气的特殊形式，即用来表示要求、建议、命令、提议、意愿等的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟形式。

3．主从句表示不同的时间概念、事实或假设情况，从而交错成为复合虚拟语气。

4．含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气的表示愿望的虚拟形式。

上述四个要点往往在完形填空或者阅读理解里面存在，尤其是每年完形填空都至少有一道直接考这方面的知识的题目，而在阅读理解里，我们掌握上述四个重点对于我们理解文章的大意和作者态度很有帮助，了解哪些观点是作者假设的、虚拟的，哪些是真实的，这样对于我们回答关于作者态度观点题很有帮助。

下面我们将主要从上述四个方面来重点论述在考试中应该注意的问题。

一、虚拟语气的常见类型和句型

（1）由wish引起的表示愿望的虚拟语气

A．用wish表示对现在的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：过去式（be动词用were）。B．用wish表示对将来的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：would, could, might+ 动词原形。

C．wish用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望时，宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为：had+动词过去分词或could, would + have +动词过去分词。

The picture exhibition bored me to death; I wish I had not gone to it.

---“I let Joe borrow our radio for the afternoon.”

---“That’s all right, but I wish he would buy one of his own.”

I wish that he weren’t so lazy.

(2)had hoped引起的宾语从句中备用语动词形式为would+动词原形，表示一种过去未实现的愿望或令人失望的事。

His father had hoped that his son would go to business with him, but his son became an artist later.

(3)would (had) rather, would as soon, would sooner和would prefer所引起的从句中要求用过去式表示当时或将来的情况，用过去完成时表示过去的情况，表示希望或婉转的责备。例如：

I’d rather you posted the letter right away. 我倒希望你把这封信立刻寄出去。

I would prefer he didn’t stay there too long.我倒希望他不要在那儿可得太久。

I would just as soon you had returned the book yesterday.我真希望你昨天把这本书还了。

（4）It’s (high, about) time that 句型中that从句中要求用虚拟语气形式，即动词要用过去式。It’s time that something was done about the traffic problem downtown.

It is high time that we put an end to this discussion.现在是我们该结束讲座的时候了。

（5）as, 或者whether…or…谓语多用be的原形，引导让步虚拟从句，这种用法通常采用倒装结构：Church as we use the word refers to all religious institutions, be they Christian, Islamivc, Buddhist, Jewish, and so on.

The business of each day, be it selling goods or shipping them, went quite smoothly.

（6）由连接词in case, so that ,unless, lest ,for fear that引起的状语从句中，谓语动词要用虚拟形式，即should(might, would)+动词原形，例如：

She put a blanket over the baby for fear that he should catch cold. 她在那个婴儿身上盖上了毯子以免他着凉。

The bad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he injure himself.

(7) if it were not for…与现在事实相反，if it had not been for与过去事实相反，两个都相当于but for：

If it had not been for his help(=but for his help),we would not have succeeded.

(8) 虚拟语气用于as if（though）引起的方式状语从句和表语从句中，其动词形式与wish宾语从句的形式相同。例如：She often laughs spontaneously, and her good humor breaks out as brightly as if it were a part of the sunshine above.她常常发出发自内心的微笑，而且她那美好的情绪像天上一道明亮的阳光一样，常常流露出来。

They talked as if they had been friends for years.他们交谈着，就好像他们是我年的老朋友一样。She looks as if she would cry.她看起来好像要哭了。

(9)其它各种句型, as though, suppose, had rather, supposing, if only等等

If I were in a movie, then it would be about time that I buried my head in my hands for a cry.

二、特殊形式的虚拟语气

虚拟语气的特殊形式，即用来表示要求、建议、命令、提议、意愿等的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟形式，其虚拟语气的构成往往是由should(可省略)+动词原形that从句。

A、用于表示意愿、建议、命令、提议、请求等动词后的that宾语从句中，这类动词有：

ask要求advise建议arrange安排beg请求

command命令decide决定demand要求desire渴望

determine决定insist坚持intend打算maintain坚持主张

move建议，动员propose提议object反对order命令

prefer建议require 需要request要求resolve下决心

recommend推荐suggest建议stipulate约定，规定urge强调，促进

vote公认，提议decree颁布（法令）pray请求

注意：这类动词后面除了可接that虚拟句以外，也可以接doing或者to do…来表达，一般情况下，意思没有什么差别。

She advised that we should keep the gate locked.（书面体）

She advised us to keep the gate locked.（口语）

She advised keeping the gate locked.(较随便)

B、用于It is+形容词或过去分词+主语从句中，这类形容词或分词有：

advisable合理的decided决定的crucial关键的appropriate恰当的

determined决定的commanded命令的arranged安排的essential紧要的，基本的

complied遵照anxious焦急的imperative迫切的important重要的

desirable合意的better较好的，更好insistent坚持的desired想要

asked请求keen渴望的incredible难以置信的adamant坚定不移的

natural自然的insisted坚持necessary必要的suggested建议

urgent紧迫的ordered命令shocked震惊的vital极其重要的

possible可能的strange 奇怪的preferable （好一点）proposed提议

requested要求的required要求的recommended推荐resolved决定的

probable（可能的）pity可惜，憾事shame遗憾

注意：这类形容词后面除了可接that虚拟句以外，也可以for…to do…

来表达，一般情况下，意思没有什么差别。

It is essential that he should be prepared for this.

It is essential for him to be prepared for this.

C．用于由表示建议、要求、命令、请示等含义的名词引导的表语从句和同位语从句中，这类名词常见的有：

advice忠告decision决定demand要求desire要求、愿望

insistence坚持motion提议necessity必要性order命令

preference偏爱proposal提议pray恳求recommendation推荐

request要求requirement要求resolution决心suggestion劝告、忠告

例如：

This is their resolution that extra-curriculum activities be made part of their school life.这是他们的决议：要使得课外活动成为他们学校生活的一部分。

The motion that the remark of the last speaker be expunged from the record.该提议要求把最后一个发言的人的讲话从记录上除掉。

三、混合虚拟语气

有时主句和从句的谓语动词指不同的时间，这时需要用混合虚拟语气。一般来说，在这种情况下，主从句谓语动词指代的时间不同，所以我们又可以错综时间条件句，在这种虚拟情况，动词形式应根据实际情况灵活使用，在做这些题目时候尤其要注意每道题目的提示语：时间状语。绝大多数情况下，从句或者主句都有相关的时间状语，这是我解题的关键。

If you that late movie last night, you wouldn’t be so sleepy.

A. haven’t watched

B. didn’t watch

C. hadn’t watched

D. wouldn’t have watched 答案选C。

Many dead would now be alive if they have not attempted to return for something.

Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he would be our chairman now.

混合虚拟语气还有一种情况就是事实和虚拟假设的混合句，这样的句子不仅仅是时间的不同，而重要是事实和假设的混合。

I would have gone to visit him in the hospital had it been at all possible, but I was fully occupied the whole of last week.

该句前半部分是假设虚拟，而后半部分是事实的陈述。

Your math instructor would have been happy to give you a make-up examination had you gone and explained that your parents were ill at the time.

该句前半句用的是假设虚拟，后半句主句也用的是假设虚拟（如果你去并且解释的话），但是后半句的从句用的是事实语气，因为“父母病了”是客观事实，故不需要用虚拟形式had been。

四、含蓄虚拟条件句

含蓄条件句是指句中没有明显的虚拟条件句，而是利用其他手段来暗示存在虚拟条件。但是这类隐含式虚拟条件句往往都可以转化为if引导的条件句。常来表示含蓄虚拟条件的手段有：

（1）介词或介词短语，如but for, but that, without, in case of, under more favorable condition 等。

the leadership of the party, we could not be living a happy today.=If there hadn’t been the leadership of the party, we could not be living a happy today.

A. In spite of

B. But for

C. Because of

D. As for 答案选B。

But that she was afraid, she would have said no.

(2)连词，如：so that, unless, in case, supposing, lest, provided(倘若……)，for fear that(唯恐)，in order that, on condition that, if only(要是……就好了)等。

She listened carefully in order that she might discover exactly what he wanted.=if she listened carefully ,she might discover exactly what he wanted.

If only I had more money, I could buy a car.

(注：lest, for fear that 和in case 引起的从句中谓语动词多用should+动词原形，但可以不用虚拟语气，而用动词的陈述语气形式。)例如：

The foreign teacher spoke slowly in case we misunderstood him. 这位外籍教师说得很慢以免我们听不懂。

Care must be taken in using this method lest overflow should occur.在使用此法时要小心谨慎，以免会发生溢流现象。

（3）通过上下文及内在含义，句中往往有but, otherwise, unfortunately等类似转折词。

I thought the children when we returned home, but they were still awake.

A. were sleeping

B. would be sleeping

C. had been sleeping

D. would sleep选择B。

(4)形容词及其比较级

A more careful person would not have made so many mistakes.

A less conscientious man wouldn’t have tried so hard to get this job done.

(5)分词短语

Having known in time, we might have prevented the accident.

Born ten days earlier, the boy could have seen his late father.

(6)动词不定式短语。一般intended/meant/hoped/wished/planned 或was/were+不定式完成式或had intended/meant/planned/hoped/wished/+不定式一般式表示虚拟。

I intended I should call on you, but I was busy at that time.

To hear him speak French, you would take him for an Englishman.

She would be stupid not to accept his invitation.

It would be easier to do it this way.

(7)名词短语和名词+and结构

A judicious man would not have committed suicide.

A diligent student would have worked harder.

(8)独立主格结构

All things considered, the price would be reasonable.

(9)定语从句

Anyone who had been in your position would have done the same.

A nation, which stopped working, would be dead in a fortnight.

(10）情态动词完成式暗示虚拟语气：

I should have called to make an airline reservation, but I didn’t.

The porter ought to have called the fire-brigade as soon as he saw the fire in the stock, which went up in smoke.

(11)动词原形表示虚拟

动词原形直接用在句子中也被看作是一种虚拟，最常见于正式文体中，动词原形一般用在条件从句中，有时倒装置于句首，同时这种用法也常见于独立句中表达愿望。

God bless you!

All magnets behave the same, be they large or small.

She’ll be sixteen years odd, com May.(come May =when May come).

If that be so, we shall take action at once.

should 用法讲与

should 用法讲与练 should 一词在中学英语课本中出现频率很高。它的用法灵活、含义丰富，因而一直是历年中考关注的热点。现将其具体用法分述如下：一 . should 作为助动词shall 的过去式，可以在间接引语中与第一人称主语搭配，表示过去将来时间。例如： The group leader announced that we should （= would ）begin to work soon. 小组长宣布：我们不久就开始工作。 A week ago，I told him that I should （= would）go to Beijing the next day. 一个星期以前，我告诉他我第二天就去北京。二 . should 作为情态动词，通常用来表示现在或将来的责任或义务，译作“应该”、“应当”，这时它可以和ought to，be supposed to 互换使用。例如： You should （= are supposed to ）complete your test in time. 你们应该按时做完你们的实验。 You should （= ought to ）tell your mother about it at once. 你应该立即把此事告诉你妈妈。 In sum，theory should be combined with practice. 总之，理论应该与实验相结合。三 . should 作为情态动词，可以用在条件状语从句中，表示语气较强的假设，译作“万一”、“竟然”，这时也可将should 置于从句之首，即将should 放在主语前面，而省略从属连词if .例如： If you should fail to come，ask Mrs Chen to work in your place. （= Should you fail to come，ask Mrs Chen to work in your place. ）万一你来不了，就叫陈夫人代替你。 If anyone should come，say I am not at home. （= Should anyone come，say I am not at home. ）万一有人来访，就说我不在家。 If it should rain tomorrow，I wouldn't go. （= Should it rain tomorrow，I wouldn't go.）万一明天天下雨，我就不去了。四 . should 作为情态动词，可以表示谦逊、客气、委婉之意，译为“可……”、“倒……”。

(完整word版)should用法归纳与练习had better

should用法归纳一、Should 表示义务、责任、常译为“应当”，“应该”，或表示一种估计的情况，译成“按理应当”，“估计......”。 Why should I pay him? 为什么我该付给他钱? They should be there by now，I think. 我估计，他们现在到那儿了。二、用于成语中I should like to......“我想(做)......” I should like to ask the teacher a question. 我想问老师一个问题。三、shouldn’t ：不应该（表示责备）；应该不，应该没有（表示推测）。如： You shouldn't be so lazy.你不应该这么懒惰。 There shouldn't be any problem with your listening.你的听力应该没有问题了。用should 或shouldn't 填空。 1. All of us ________study hard and learn English well. 2. As a student, you_______ eat in class. 3. You _______speak to your parents like this ,you must be polite (有礼貌) 4. You __________eat less and take more exercise if want ot be healthier and stronger.

5. My mother is very tired after work, I________ do some housework for her. had better(常简略为'd better)是一固定词组，had better"最好"，用于表示对别人的劝告、建议或表示一种愿望。其用法有以下几点：一、had better后面必须跟动词原形。 had better后跟动词原形(即不带to的不定式)，构成had better do sth.句型。这里的had不能用have来替换。如： You'd better go to hospital at once.你最好立即去医院看病。 Tom, you'd better go there today.汤姆，你最好今天去那儿。二、主语不论是第几人称，句子不论是什么时态，都要用had better 的形式。如： Now you(he，we) had better listen to the teacher.你(他，我们)现在最好听老师讲。三、had better的否定式。如：常用的否定形式是将否定副词not直接放在had better的后面。如：You had better not miss the last bus.你最好不要错过末班公

情态动词表推测用法总结及专项练习

情态动词表推测用法总结及专项练习 1.can / could用于表推测的用法 (1) 从使用句型上看，can 通常只用于否定句或疑问句，一般不用于肯定句，而could 可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句。两者没有时间上的差别，只是could 比can 更委婉，更不确定。如：It can’t [couldn’t] be true. 那不可能是真的。 What can [could] they be doing? 他们会在干什么呢? We could go there this summer. 今年夏天我们可能要去那儿。注：can 有时也用于肯定句中表示推测，主要用于表示理论上的可能性(即从理论上看是可能的，但实际未必会发生)，或表示“有时”之意。如： Even experienced teachers can make mistakes. 即使是有经验的教师也可能出错。 She can be very unpleasant. 她有时很令人讨厌。 (2) 从时间关系看，对现在或将来情况作推测，后接动词原形；对正在进行的情况作推测，后接be doing 结构；对过去情况作推测，后接动词完成式。如： He could have gone home. 他可能已经回家了。 He can’t [couldn’t] have understood. 他不可能理解了。

Why does he know this? Can [Could] someone have told him about it? 他怎么知道? 会是哪个人告诉他了吗? (3) “could+完成式”除表示对过去的推测外，还有以下重要用法： ①表示过去没有实现的可能性，常译为“本来可以”。如： I could have lent you the money．Why didn’t you ask me? 我本来可以借这笔钱给你的。你为什么不向我提出? ②用来委婉地责备某人过去应该做某事而没有去做，常译为“本来应该”。如： You could have helped him. 你本来应该帮助他的。 ③表示“差点儿就要”。如： I could have died laughing. 我差点儿笑死了。 2. may / might用于表推测的用法表示推测，两者都可用，只是might 比may 语气更不确定，表示的可能性更小。 (1) 在句型使用方面：两者均可用于肯定句和否定句，但用于疑问句时，may通常不用于句首，但可用于疑问句的句中（如特殊疑问句等），而might尽管可以用于疑问句的句首，但不算普通，通常会改用其他句式（如用could等）。如： He may [might] know the answer. 他可能知道答案。

情态动词should的用法

情态动词should的用法情态动词should和can ，may ，must一样，没有人称和数的变化，有词意，但都不能单独作谓语，必须和后面的动词原形一起构成谓语。基本意思是“应当，应该”，常用来表示建议或命令等。如： You should work harder. 你应该更努力地工作。否定式和疑问式的构成与can ，may ，must一样。如： You shouldn’t play soccer in the street.你们不应该在街上踢足球。 Who should pay the taxi driver? 谁应该付出租车钱？注意：常用句型You should /shouldn’t do sth 表示“建议某人（不）做某事”。其他表示“建议”的句型还有：Why not do sth? /Why don’t you do sth? /How about doing sth? /What about doing sth? /It’s a good idea to do sth /You’d better do sth等。 should作为情态动词用，常常表示意外、惊奇、不能理解等，有“竟会”的意思，例如： How should I know? 我怎么知道？ Why should you be so late today? 你今天为什么来得这么晚？ should有时表示应当做或发生的事，例如： We should help each other.我们应当互相帮助。我们在使用时要注意以下几点： 1. 用于表示“应该”或“不应该”的概念。此时常指长辈教导或责备晚辈。例如： You should be here with clean hands. 你应该把手洗干净了再来。 2. 用于提出意见劝导别人。例如： You should go to the doctor if you feel ill. 如果你感觉不舒服，你最好去看医生。 3. 用于表示可能性。should的这一用法是考试中常常出现的考点之一。例如： We should arrive by supper time. 我们在晚饭前就能到了。 She should be here any moment. 她随时都可能来。 1. We _________ keep the new traffic law(交通法). A. may B. should C. can D. need 2.I’d like to buy a new shirt , but I don’t know __________ . A. where could buy it B. I should take which C. which I should take D. where can I get it 写出同义表达 Why not have a rest? (1) Why _______ ________ have a rest? (2) You’d _________ _________ a rest. (3) You _______ ________ a rest. (4) ________ _________ having a rest?

虚拟语气用法总结

虚拟语气的用法总结语气：语气是动词的一中形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。语气的种类：（1）陈述语气表示动作或状态是现实的，确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句，疑问句和某些感叹句。如We are ready. What a fine day it is! （2）祈使语气表示说话人的建议，请求，邀请，命令等。如Open the door, Please. 应注意以下几点： 1.主语通常是第二人称you，但多不出现，动词用原形，否定用do not 或者don’t 加动词原形（或be）如Be careful next time. Don’t smoke here. 2.有时为了强调，主语也可以出现，而且可以是第三人称，谓语动词不加-s或者-es如You be quiet. He stand up. 3.祈使语气可以用do加强语气如Do come to see this Sunday. 4.在Let’s 的祈使句后，疑问部分通常用shall we；在Let us后，疑问部分用will you 如Let’s go out for a walk after supper，shall we? /Let us clean our classroom, will you? 5.祈使句与连词and连用时相当于一个条件句，而and之后则是表示结果。如Think hard and you will have a good idea. （3）虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望，假设或推测等。如If I were you, I should study English. 一．虚拟语气在条件从句的用法条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句；一类是非真实条件句，也就是虚拟条件句。如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件句，谓语要用陈述语气。如If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go to the park. 如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。如If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. 在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气，列表如下：例如：If he were here, everything would be all right. If her mother had taken the doctor’s advice, she would/might have got well earlier. If it were to rain tomorrow, the match would be canceled. 有时候省略if，采用局部倒装语序。把had /should/were 等动词（不包括行为动词）移到从句的句首。例如：

should用法归纳与练习hbetter

s h o u l d用法归纳与练习 h b e t t e r 集团企业公司编码：（LL3698-KKI1269-TM2483-LUI12689-ITT289-

should用法归纳一、Should表示义务、责任、常译为“应当”，“应该”，或表示一种估计的情况，译成“按理应当”，“估计......”。 WhyshouldIpayhim为什么我该付给他钱 Theyshouldbetherebynow，Ithink.我估计，他们现在到那儿了。二、用于成语中Ishouldliketo......“我想(做)......” Ishouldliketoasktheteacheraquestion.我想问老师一个问题。三、shouldn’t：不应该（表示责备）；应该不，应该没有（表示推测）。如： Youshouldn'tbesolazy.你不应该这么懒惰。 Thereshouldn'tbeanyproblemwithyourlistening.你的听力应该没有问题了。用should或shouldn't填空。 1.Allofus________studyhardandlearnEnglishwell. 2.Asastudent,you_______eatinclass. 3.You_______speaktoyourparentslikethis,youmustbepolite(有礼貌) 4.You__________eatlessandtakemoreexerciseifwantotbehealthierandstronger. 5.Mymotherisverytiredafterwork,I________dosomehouseworkforher. hadbetter(常简略为'dbetter)是一固定词组，hadbetter"最好"，用于表示对别人的劝告、建议或表示一种愿望。其用法有以下几点：一、hadbetter后面必须跟动词原形。 hadbetter后跟动词原形(即不带to的不定式)，构成hadbetterdosth.句型。这里的had不能用have来替换。如： You'dbettergotohospitalatonce.你最好立即去医院看病。

英语中should的用法归纳

英语中should的用法归纳一、Should 表示过去将来时，即从过去观点看将来要发生的是，多用于间接引语中。 We thought that we should never see you again. 我们想我们再也看不到你了。 The BBC weather report this morning said that we should have rain.今天早上，BBC电台天气报告说，今天有雨。二、Should 表示义务、责任、常译为“应当”，“应该”，或表示一种估计的情况，译成“按理应当”，“估计......”。 Why should I pay him？为什么我该付给他钱？ They should be there by now，I think. 我估计，他们现在到那儿了。 Should 用于完成时态，表示对过去发生的动作的一种推测，译成“应该已经......”。

You should have washed the wood. （But you haven't.）你应该把伤口清洗了。（然而你没有）三、Should 用于虚拟语气中。（1）用于It is necessary （important，strange.。。that.。。）中，在美国英语中should 常省去。 It is important that we （should）learn English well. 我们学好英语很重要。（2）用于It is ordered （suggested）that.。。中，而在美语中should常省去。 It is decided that we （should）finish our work in a week.决定我们要在一周之内完成我们的工作。（3）用于表示命令、请求、建议、决定等词后面的宾语从句中，在美国英语中should常省去。 He wrote，suggesting that Mr. Wang （should）come to Beijing. 他信中建议王先生到北京来。 The commander ordered that the city （should）be taken in five days.司令员下令必须在五天之内占领这座城市。（4）should用于表示命令、请求、建议、决定等词后面的表语从句，同位语从句中，在美国英语中should 常省去。

Should与Ought to的讲解和练习讲课稿

S h o u l d与O u g h t t o 的讲解和练习

Should与Ought to I. 复习 1. Some people can live without meat. 2. May I use the phone please, Mr. White? 3. Could you tell me something about the book? 4. You must not smoke here. 5. What flavor would you like, chocolate or strawberry? 6. We should put rubbish in the bin. 7. She shouldn’t discuss it. 8. Should we discuss it now? / Ought we to discuss it now? -- Yes, we should/ ought to. -- No, we shouldn’t/ ought not to. 9. The students ought not to sleep in the class. 10. Tom ought to hand in his homework on time. II. 二者区别：时态 Should Ought to 肯定句sb. should do sth. sb. ought to do sth. 否定句sb. should not do sth. sb. ought not to do sth. 一般疑问句Should sb. do sth.? Ought sb. to do sth.? 简略回答 Yes, sb. should do sth. No, sb. should not / shouldn’t do sth. Yes, sb. ought to do sth. No, sb. ought not /oughtn’t to do sth.

should用法归纳与练习

s h o u l d用法归纳与练习 Company Document number：WTUT-WT88Y-W8BBGB-BWYTT-19998

should用法归纳一、Should 表示过去将来时，即从过去观点看将来要发生的事，多用于间接引语中。 We thought that we should never see you again. 我们想我们再也看不到你了。 The BBC weather report this morning said that we should have rain. 今天早上，BBC电台天气报告说，今天有雨。二、Should 表示义务、责任、常译为“应当”，“应该”，或表示一种估计的情况，译成“按理应当”，“估计......”。 Why should I pay him 为什么我该付给他钱 They should be there by now， I think. 我估计，他们现在到那儿了。 Should 用于完成时态，表示对过去发生的动作的一种推测，译成“应该已经......”。 You should have washed the wood. (But you haven‘t.) 你应该把伤口清洗了。(然而你没有) 三、在某些从句中，should 表示惊异、意外等情绪，常译为“竟然”。 It seems unfair that this should happen to me.真不公平，这件事竟然发生在我身上。四、当陈述部分含有ought to ，其反意疑问句部分，美国英语中用should . She ought to stay here， shouldn't her她该留在这儿，是吗五、用于成语中I should like to......“我想(做)......” I should like to ask the teacher a question. 我想问老师一个问题。六、"should (not) +have+过去分词(done)" 对已发生的事表示遗憾或责备，表达"本该或不该"之意。如：①He also learns that he should have cared more about his friends.他还明白了他本应该多关心朋友。 ②He shouldn't have let out the secret.他本不该泄露秘密的。(实际情况是"他已泄密"。) 翻译：①If he were here, 如果他(现在)在这里的话，我就会告诉他真相。(事实是，他现在不在这里。)

虚拟语气用法总结及详细解析

虚拟语气用法英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气、疑问语气和感叹语气五类。 1、表示动作或状态是客观存在的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句中。 China is an Asian country. (肯定句) How interesting my stay in China has been! (感叹句) 2、祈使句表示说话人对对方的请求、警告，建议或命令。如: Please come over here. 请到这边来。 Watch your steps! 当心!(走路) 3、虚拟语气表示说话者做出的假设而非事实，或难以实现的情况，甚至表达彻底相反的概念。此外，如需表达主观愿望或某种强烈的感情时，也可用虚拟语气。虚拟语气是由句中的谓语动词的特殊形式表示出来的。如: If I were a bird，I would be able to fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。 I wish I could pass the examination. 我希望我能通过考试。

If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。 If she were to be here next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。 4、有时，虚拟条件句中，结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。这种条件句叫错综条件句。 ①从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。 If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too.如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会成为一个工程师了 If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。 ②从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。 If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的话，我们会已经派他去北京了。 If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她了。 5、当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时，if可以省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序，即把were, should, had等词置于句首，这种多用于书面语。 Should he agree to go there, we would send him there.要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。 Were she here, she would agree with us.如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。 Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 如果他懂一些电脑知识的话，我们已经聘用他来这里工作了。【注意】若条件从句为否定句，否定词not应置于主语之后，而不能与were，should，had 等缩略成Weren't，Shouldn't，Hadn't而置于句首。 Had it not been for the bad weather we would have arrived on time. 若不是天气坏，我们就准时到达了。 ②有时省略if后提前的had不是助动词: Had I time，I would come. 假若我有时间，我会来的。(=If I had time…) 6、非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。 ①将条件会暗含在介词短语中，如without…, but for…,otherwise（要不是因为）等 But for his help, we would be working now. (要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。

should用法归纳及练习

s h o u l d用法归纳及练习一、Should表示过去将来时，即从过去观点看将来要发生的事，多用于间接引语中。 Wethoughtthatweshouldneverseeyouagain.我们想我们再也看不到你了。 TheBBCweatherreportthismorningsaidthatweshouldhaverain. 今天早上，BBC电台天气报告说，今天有雨。二、Should表示义务、责任、常译为“应当”，“应该”，或表示一种估计的情况，译成“按理应当”，“估计......”。 WhyshouldIpayhim为什么我该付给他钱 Theyshouldbetherebynow，Ithink.我估计，他们现在到那儿了。 Should用于完成时态，表示对过去发生的动作的一种推测，译成“应该已经......”。 Youshouldhavewashedthewood.(Butyouhaven‘t.)你应该把伤口清洗了。(然而你没有) 三、在某些从句中，should表示惊异、意外等情绪，常译为“竟然”。 Itseemsunfairthatthisshouldhappentome.真不公平，这件事竟然发生在我身上。四、当陈述部分含有oughtto，其反意疑问句部分，美国英语中用should. Sheoughttostayhere，shouldn'ther她该留在这儿，是吗五、用于成语中Ishouldliketo......“我想(做)......” Ishouldliketoasktheteacheraquestion.我想问老师一个问题。六、"should(not)+have+过去分词(done)"对已发生的事表示遗憾或责备，表达"本该或不该"之意。如：①Healsolear nsthatheshouldhavecaredmoreabouthisfriends.他还明白了他本应该多关心朋友。 ②Heshouldn'thaveletoutthesecret.他本不该泄露秘密的。(实际情况是"他已泄密"。) 翻译：①Ifhewerehere,如果他(现在)在这里的话，我就会告诉他真相。(事实是，他现在不在这里。) ②IfIhadbeenhereyesterday,如果昨天我在这里，我就会好好教训他一顿。(事实是：我没教训他，因为我昨天没在这里。teachsb.agoodlesson教训某人) ③如果没有你的帮助，我就赢不了。(事实是我已经获胜。) 1.Iwasreallyanxiousaboutyou.You_______homewithoutaword.(NMET) A.mustn'tleave B.shouldn'thaveleft C.needn'tleave D.couldn'thaveleft 2.I'mnotfeelingwellinthestomach,I_______somuchfriedchickenjustnow.(上海) A.shouldn'teat B.mustn'thaveeaten C.mustn'teat D.shouldn'thaveeaten 3.We_______lastnight,butwewenttotheconcertinstead.(NMET) A.musthavestudied B.mightstudy C.shouldhavestudied D.wouldstudy 4.ItoldSallyhowtogethere,butperhapsI_______itoutforher.(NMET) A.hadtowrite B.musthavewritten C.shouldhavewritten D.oughttowrite 5.Thatyoungmanhasmadesomuchnoisethathe_______nothavebeenallowedtoattendtheconcert.(上海) A.could B.must C.would D.should 6.It'snearlyseveno'clock.Jack_______behereatanymoment.(NMET) A.must B.need C.should D.can 7.-WhencanIcomeforthephotosIneedthemtomorrowafternoon. -They_______bereadyby12:00.(NMET) A.can B.should C.might D.need 8.Mary_______beinParis,forIsawherinthetownafewminutesago.(NMET) A.mustn't B.can't C.shouldn't D.maynot 9.Ididn'tseeherinthemeetingroomthismorning.She_______havespokenatthemeeting.(MET) A.mustn't B.shouldn't C.needn't D.couldn't

should用法详解

should一词在英语中出现频率很高。它的用法灵活、含义丰富，因而一直是历年各类考试关注的热点。现将其具体用法分述如下：一 . should 作为助动词shall 的过去式，可以在间接引语中与第一人称主语搭配，表示过去将来时间。例如： The group leader announced that we should （= would ）begin to work soon. 小组长宣布：我们不久就开始工作。 A week ago，I told him that I should （= would）go to Beijing the next day. 一个星期以前，我告诉他我第二天就去北京。二 . should 作为情态动词，通常用来表示现在或将来的责任或义务，译作“应该”、“应当”，这时它可以和ought to，be supposed to 互换使用。例如： You should （= are supposed to ）complete your test in time. 你们应该按时做完你们的实验。 You should （= ought to ）tell your mother about it at once. 你应该立即把此事告诉你妈妈。 In sum，theory should be combined with practice. 总之，理论应该与实验相结合。三 . should 作为情态动词，可以用在条件状语从句中，表示语气较强的假设，译作“万一”、“竟然”，这时也可将should 置于从句之首，即将should 放在主语前面，而省略从属连词if .例如： If you should fail to come，ask Mrs Chen to work in your place. （= Should you fail to come，ask Mrs Chen to work in your place. ）万一你来不了，就叫陈夫人代替你。 If anyone should come，say I am not at home. （= Should anyone come，say I am not at home. ）万一有人来访，就说我不在家。 If it should rain tomorrow，I wouldn't go. （= Should it rain tomorrow，I wouldn't go.）万一明天天下雨，我就不去了。

虚拟语气用法总结讲课稿

虚拟语气用法总结

虚拟语气用法总结朱世梅新时代大学英语中针对虚拟语气的练习题较多,而学生们往往把握不好虚拟语气的正确使用,现将其用法总结如下: 一.虚拟语气在英语里主要用来表达： a. 非真实的情景，不可能发生的事，即某种与事实相反或难以实现的情况，或说话人主观愿望。 b. 与客观事实相反地情景，即强制性虚拟语气，表示建议、命令、劝告这一类的意思上，表示强烈的要求做到、必须做到这样的含义。 c. 虚拟语气的表达形式是通过动词的变化形式表达的，其特点是主从句时态的不一致，而且一般有明显得标志。二.虚拟语气的考点为： 1.If 句型 (共有三种句型) 非真实条件句: a.与现在的事实相反：从句用一般过去时，主句的谓语用would (could, might) ＋动词原形 If I were Bill Gates, I would not work so hard every day. b.与过去的事实相反：从句用过去完成时，主句的谓语用would (could, might) ＋现在完成时 If I had gone to America when I graduated from middle school, I would have got my PhD degree. c.与将来的事实相反：从句用should (were to，did) + 动词原形，主句的谓语用would (could, might) ＋动词原形 If it should/were to snow tomorrow, I would go skiing.

注意：虚拟条件句的倒装虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should, 或had, 可将if省略，再把were, should或had 移到从句句首，实行倒装。 Eg: Should it rain, the crops would be saved. =Were it to rain, the crops would be saved. Eg:_____ to do the work, I should do it some other day. A. If were I B. I were C. Were I D. Was I 答案C. 在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had这三个词，通常将if省略，主语提前, 变成 were, should, had +主语的形式。但在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说 Were I not to do., 而不能说 Weren't I to do. d.混合条件句主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这时主，从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这叫做混合条件句。例如：条件句动作发生在过去，主句的动作发生在现在)谓语动词要根据表示的时间进行调整。 Eg: If it had rained last night (过去), it would be very cold today (现在). 2.Wish 句型表达“但愿…，要是…多好”的语气表示与事实相反的情况，或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望。其宾语从句的动词形式为： He wished he hadn't said that. 他希望他没讲那样的话。 I wish it would rain tomorrow. 我希望明天下雨就好了。 Wish to do表达法: Wish sb / sth to do I wish to see the manager. = I want to see the manager. I wish the manager to be informed at once. (= I want the manager to be informed at once.) 3.在强制性语气的宾语从句中的运用即表示建议、命令、劝告、决心等主观色彩的动词 + that + (should) + 动词原形，其中should 经常被省略。这类动词包括： suggest, propose, recommend, demand, order, command, desire, require, insist,

Should型虚拟语气练习题

Should型虚拟语气练习题 1. 用于if引导的虚拟条件句中在表示与现在或将来事实相反的非真实条件句中，谓语动词形式可用“should + do”。如：If she should refuse, they could be greatly disappointed. 【考例】This printer is of good quality. If it _______ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense. （2009年，天津） A. would B. should C. could D. might 2. 用于省略if的倒装句中如果条件状语从句的谓语动词中含有should，可以省略连词if，而把should放在主语前构成倒装。如： Should he fail in the examination, he would have to wait for another year. 【考例】______ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. (2006年，湖北) A. Would you be B. Should you be C. Could you be D. Might you be 3. 用于主语从句中在“It is ＋形容词／某些动词的过去分词＋that从句”的结构中，从句的谓语动词用“（should）+ do ”虚拟语气形式来表示命令、要求和建议。这些形容词和过去分词常见的有important（重要的）、essential（必要的）、necessary（必须的）、natural（自然的）、decided（决定的）、ordered（命令的）、demanded（要求的）、proposed（建议的）、required （要求的）等。如： It is necessary that we (should) make everything ready ahead of time. 【考例】It is essential that all these figures ________ twice. (2008年，四川联考) A. check B. checked C. are checked D. be checked 4. 用于宾语从句中表示主观判断、推测、建议、命令和要求的动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词常采用“（should）+ do”的形式。这类动词包括advise（劝告），ask（要求），insist（坚持），order（下令），suggest（建议），command（命令），demand（要求），require（要求）等。 He insisted that a deadline (should) be set for completing the task. 【考例】The doctor recommended that you ______ swim after eating a large meal.（2009年，浙江） A. wouldn’t B. couldn’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t 【疑难辨析】动词insist如不表示要求，而表示“坚持己见”时，宾语从句用陈述语气。同样，当suggest所表示的意思为“表明”或“暗示”时，谓语动词也不采用“should + do”的形式。如：Jane insisted that she had done nothing wrong and that she should be treated properly. The surprised look on his face suggested that he did not believe the fact.

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