湖南师范大学考博英语真题2009答案解析

湖南师范大学考博英语真题2009答案解析

PartⅠReading Comprehension

Passage 1

1.答案D

解析：根据第一段After a while, people became attached to one brand and sales leveled off (stage of maturity).在这句话中，关键词leveled off 的意思是“呈平稳状态”，所以只有D 符合此意。

2.答案D

解析：由第一段的When it was introduced, most people did not like it as well as “regular” coffee, and it took several years to gain general acceptance可知新产品在刚开始时难以让消费者接受。四个选项中符合这个意思的只有D。

3.答案A

解析：根据第二段的第一句话The importance of the product life cycle to marketers is this: Different stages in the product life cycle call for different strategies.可知产品策略在产品销售中至关重要。只有了解产品销售环节中的四个阶段才能制定相应的策略。

4.答案B

解析：根据第二段的最后的一句话One strategy is called market modification. It means that marketing managers look for new users and market sections. Did you know, for example, that the backpacks that so many students carry today were originally designed for the military? 可知“look for new users and market sections寻找新的市场的重要性”，即B选项中的exploring new market sections。

5.答案C

解析：根据最后一段的Another product extension strategy is called product modification. It involves changing product quality, features, or style to attract new users or more usage from present users.四个选项中只有C“re-positioning their product”不在这句话的范围内。

Passage 2

6.答案B

解析：细节题。第一段指出了人类暴力的两个特性，其中第二个特性就是它是“a learned behavior”。可以知道本题的答案应该就在第一段的后面部分。接下来的第二句话即说人类暴力的诸多表现形式都受社会习惯的制约：The many expressions of human violence are always conditioned by social conventions that give shape to aggressive behavior.?人类暴力的诸多表现形式都受社会习惯的制约，将其定型为侵略性行为。由此可较有把握地选择出B。

7.答案A

解析：细节题。见第二段的第一句话：The violence within a society is controlled through institutions of law。

8.答案D

解析：逻辑推断题。解题时要注意题干中这句话开头的“but”一词，既然该句是由but引导的转折，则上文往往是理解该题的关键。在上面一句中，作者提到在部落社会中，对犯罪者的审判和惩罚往往由家族进行，接下来话锋一转，说在法律系统中，这种报复的责任已经非个人化了、分散了，也就是说，不是由所涉及的个人来进行了，故D）正确。

9.答案A

解析：词汇题。解本题可用同类词关系进行判断。在“allegiance”前后的两个主词分别是

commitment和sacrifice ，应能判断出这三个词相对于国家而言是同一类词，再利用排除法，不难选出正确答案A

10.答案D

解析：主旨大意题。最后一段的主旨较为明显，说的是国家司法机器的另一方面，即军事机器，开头第二句说得很明确，这一方面是为了国家的利益而牺牲个人，恰好是选项D的意义。

Passage 3

11.答案B

解析：属事实细节题。文中第一段提到“we all make mistakes”，说明爱迪生的预言是错误的。

12.答案C

解析：属事实细节题。文中第三段和第四段分别提到两位研究人员compare test scores；ask the classes' teachers和offer explanations，但launch the computer program则是由以色列政府所为。

13.答案D

解析：属事实细节题。从文中第四段，第五段里两位研究人员所给出的解释以及相应的分析可以看出，学生成绩没有提高主要是因为在教学中使用电脑并不比采用其他方法教学更好。

14.答案A

解析：属推理判断题。作者在本文第二段中指出，许多学术文章都宣称使用电脑有助于课堂教学，但新的研究对这一说法提出了怀疑。在最后一段中，作者说要证明使用电脑有助于教学，就必须进行正确的研究。可见，作者对以前的研究方法提出了质疑

15.答案C

解析：属推理判断题。对政府在学校安装电脑一事，作者虽然没有明确提出反对，但字里行间都透出不赞成的态度。在第一段，作者以爱迪生的预言为例，说爱迪生至少没有浪费公共资金，言下之意就是当前发生的情况算得上是浪费公共资金的举动。在最后一段，作者引用研究人员的观点说明在学校安装电脑是成本清楚但收效模糊的事。并提出让支持使用电脑的人采用正确的方法对学校应不应该在教室安装电脑进行论证。可见作者对这一类问题持否定的态度。

Passage 4

16.答案D

解析：属推理判断题。根据第一段，the Sarbanes-Oxley act的通过是为了防止再次出现类似安然公司或者世通公司垮掉的情况。而文章又提到在公司治理方面，该法案已经显现出了一定的影响力。可见，该法案是有关公司治理的法案

17.答案D

解析：首先确定“backlash”与反对公司丑闻有关，其次，下文对backlash给了一个具体的例子，就是“越来越多的人认为前任总裁不应该继续留在董事会里”，显然这符合选项D中的“强烈的对抗性/否定性反应”。

18.答案B

解析：属事实细节题。根据文章第三段最后一句A survey earlier in the year by consultants at McKinsey found that 70% of American directors and investors supported the idea of splitting the

jobs, which is standard practice in Europe.，将董事长和总裁的职务区分开来是“欧洲的行业惯例”。

19.答案A

解析：属事实细节题。根据文章第四段的一份最新哈佛商学院研究，“staggered board”是为了防止公司权力被夺取而被发明的，但它显然“和公司价值的显著下降有关”。可见这种交错董事任期的董事会不利于公司价值的增长。

20.答案D

解析：属推理判断题。本文指出虽然出台了防止公司丑闻的法案，但美国公司的董事会变化依然缓慢。继而分析了几种令人失望的情况。在文章最末作者指出，人们不应该天真的相信2001年的丑闻会迅速改变职业经理人和公司所有人之间的权力平衡。可见作者对美国公司的董事会持批评的态度。

PartⅡV ocabulary and Structure

21.A 译文：中国的极地探险者采取一切预防措施将他们旅程中的危险减到最小。

解析：minimize最小化；extinguish熄灭；shrink收缩，畏缩；prevent防止，预防。

22.B 译文：测试结束很久了，约翰还是无法对自己的错误释怀。

解析：固定搭配，dwell on不能释怀，心里老想着；contemplate on沉思。

23.C 译文：浓雾产成了一种视错觉，对面的海岸看起来比真实地距离更近了。

解析：固定短语，optical illusion错觉，视错觉。

24.B 译文：当他讲完他那哀婉动人的故事时，礼堂的每个人都哭了。

解析：sympathetic同情的；pathetic悲惨的，哀婉动人的；synthetic 合成的；interesting 有趣的。

25.C 译文：消防员抓起小孩子抱着他冲出了着火的房子。

解析：carry up建高房屋，追溯；seize up 失灵，中止；snatch up抓取，夺取；hold up 举起。

26.C 译文：旱灾期间农作物都死了，这导致了整个国家的饥荒。

解析：adversity逆境；disaster灾难；drought 旱灾；calamity灾难。

27.C 译文：不努力学习的学生将来便会面临黯淡的前景。

解析：固定短语，bleak prospect 前景黯淡。

28.D 译文：魔术师的话转移了人们的注意力，所以人们没有看到他是怎样实行他的把戏的。

解析：vacuum真空；concentration集中，专心；division部门，分割；diversion分散注意力。

29.D 译文：宇宙中世界上所有的事情都是相互关联相互作用的。

解析：intervene干涉；interfere干涉，妨碍；interrupt打断；interact相互作用。

30.C 译文：这首诗的意思太晦涩了，我真的不懂。

解析：imprecise不精确的；illegible难辨认的；obscure晦涩的；dull迟钝的。

31.C 译文：史密斯一家到商店买东西，让车的引擎还发动着。

解析：动词短语，tick over进展缓慢；tumble over 跌倒；turn over发动，运转；run over 复查，匆匆看。

32.B 译文：大火照亮了黑暗。

解析：glare发眩光；shine照亮，照耀；shoot使爆炸；flare燃烧，闪耀。

33.A 译文：他派了一名信使去告诉国王发生的事情。

解析：dispatch派遣；authorize授权；nominate提名；ensure确保。

34.B 译文：站在泰山上看日出真是蔚为奇观。

解析：固定搭配，tremendous spectacle指景象蔚为奇观。

35.A 译文：在由美国资本主义所创造的多产和富裕时期，美国梦是行不通的。

解析：plausible似乎可能的，行得通的；patriotic爱国的；primitive原始的；partial偏袒的；

36.D 译文：囚犯密谋出了一个逃出监狱的方法。

解析：contrive设计，发明，谋划：多指好的事情；conspire密谋，共谋：主要指连个人以上的合谋策划某事；intrigue用诡计取得；plot密谋策划：多指一个人

偷偷地谋划某件事。

37.A 译文：老板试图通过威胁说要关闭工厂来阻止员工持续罢工。

解析：固定搭配，forbid from阻止，禁止；intimidate 恐吓；avoid 避免；distract转移，分心。

38.B 译文：她捐助了一大笔钱给大学留学基金。

解析：submit to屈服；donate 捐助；apply to应用到；grant 准许。

39.D 译文：他对学习不感兴趣所以老是不及格。

解析：固定搭配，express an interest in对…有兴趣。

40.A 译文：当我们一直往前开时，我们看到一股股从工厂烟囱里飘出来的烟缓缓冒向天空。

解析：固定短语，ascend up into 升向…；fluctuate波动；spiral盘旋；charge充电，控告。

41.A 译文：尼龙是在一种复合材料，可以用来制造很多东西。

解析：固定搭配，compound material复合材料。

42.D 译文：工作期间定期存钱有助于保障年老后不缺钱用。

解析：safeguard保护，保卫安全；assure担保，使确信；guard保卫，监控；guarantee 保证，保障，guarantee from保障…远离…。

43.C 译文：我们看着降落伞一路上从飞机上降落到地上。

解析：decline 和descend 都有下降的意思，但只有descend表示从高处的位置往下降到低处。

44.B 译文：如果你站在悬崖顶端往下看深谷，你会感到眩晕。

解析：uncomfortable不舒服；dizzy晕眩的，头晕的；sick不舒服的；feeble虚弱的。

45.D 译文：很多程序设计员开发出了集成材料用来促进对英语的掌握。

解析：produce生产；aim目的在于；attempt试图；facilitate促进，帮助。

Part Ⅲ Translation

Section A 英译中

在经济学中，这些核心问题的最基本部分是价值理论。价值理论必须解释出不同商品和服务的比较值是怎样生成的。只有这个问题解决了才有可能从科学的目的去分析生产什么产品、生产数量和生产项目单上的这些产品需要雇用多少劳力，以及怎样利用以实现这些劳力的最大价值。没有价值论，经济学家就不会知道国际贸易理论，可能也不会知道货币理论。如果人们试图从农村城市社会或是农业工业社会去解释价值，则基本上价值的核心问题不会改变。

Section B 中译英

To participate and to win, that is the Olympic spirit. It finds expression in the weak daring to defy the strong, and the strong striving for ever better performance. “Ever better”, the ideal is always luring a sportsman forward. He will do everything he can for it, never relax and never give

up. It is said that none of the competitors can avoid being defeated; even the best is bound to be surpassed by someone still stronger. Thousands of losers set off one victor who in turn will eventually be replaced by someone on the honor list. This is the rule of sports. However, undaunted by the inevitable failure, he is always striving to do the best he can.

Part Ⅳ Writing

Intensive learning is an efficient way for learning

Depending on personal experience, personality type and emotional concern, different people have different habits or ways for study. Some people like studying a subject in a very intensive way while others prefer to study a subject over a long period of time. From my point of view, it is advisable to study intensively. My arguments are listed as follows.

The first reason for my inclination for an intensive learning is that studying a subject in a very intensive way can make the learner more concentrated on the subject. In contrast, to study the same subject year after year under a loose circumstance may lead to boredom or lack of interests in the subject. Besides, intensive study is much more time-saving than studying over a long period of time. A student who studies a single subject for several years and is unable to pass the examination is likely to be required for an extra time to study it again. What's more In fact, we can not be provided with a long period of time to study a subject constantly, for there are some more important things for us to do. So if we can finish studying a subject in a short time, we can focus ourselves on other things without a constant worry about our unfinished subject.

From what I have mentioned above, we can reach the conclusion that intensive learning is an efficient way for learning, and it should be encouraged.

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