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戴炜栋《新编简明英语语言学教程》(第2版)章节题库(第7~12章)【圣才出品】

戴炜栋《新编简明英语语言学教程》(第2版)章节题库(第7~12章)【圣才出品】
戴炜栋《新编简明英语语言学教程》(第2版)章节题库(第7~12章)【圣才出品】

戴炜栋《新编简明英语语言学教程》(第2版)章节题库

第7章语言变化

I.Multiple choices:

1.The______century is considered to be the beginning of modem English.

A.20th

B.19th

C.18th

D.17th

【答案】C

【解析】18世纪被认为是现代英语的开始。公元450~1100年为古英语时期;14世纪~15世纪为中世纪英语时期;16世纪~17世纪为早期现代英语时期;18世纪~20世纪为现代英语时期;最近50年为当代英语时期。因此,本体的正确答案为C。

2.Which of the following does NOT belong to the methods of the addition of new words?

A.Acronyms.

B.Back-formation.

C.Functional shift

D.Semantic shift.

【答案】D

【解析】新词的添加主要通过以下几种方式:coinage创新词,clipped words缩略词, blending紧缩词,acronyms词首字母缩略词,back-formation逆构词法,functional shift功能转换,borrowing借用。Semantic shift属于词义的变化。因此,本题的正确答案为D。

3.“Fridge”is a______and“B2B”is______.

A.blend,clipped word

B.clipped word,acronym

C.back-formation,loan word

D.acronym,coined word

【答案】B

【解析】fridge是较长的词refrigerator的缩写,是缩略词(clipped word);B2B是由几个词Business-to-Business的首字母构成的词,是词首字母缩略词acronym。因此,本题的正确答案为B。

4.The following words are the examples for“back-formation”EXCEPT______.

A.to hawk

B.to baby-sit

C.to bug

D.to beg

【答案】C

【解析】back formation是逆构词法,通过“去掉”一个被认为是旧词的一部分的词缀

而创造出的新词被称为“逆构词”,如:edit(from editor),hawk(from hawker),beg(from beggar),baby-sit(baby-sitter)等。单词可以不通过加词缀就从一个词类转到另一个词类,如:名词bug可通过功能转换(functional shift)生成动词to bug。因此,本题的正确答案是C。

5.The following words are the examples for“blending”EXCEPT______.

A.brunch

B.smog

C.motel

D.gym

【答案】D

【解析】紧缩词blending是通过组合其他词某些部分而构成的词,如:smog(smoke+ fog),motel(motor+hotel),brunch(breakfast+lunch)。Gym是长词gymnasium 的缩写,是clipped word缩略词。因此,本题的正确答案为D。

6.Which of the following words is NOT the example of semantic narrowing?

A.Tail.

B.Deer.

C.Meat.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/d98216885.html,.

【答案】A

【解析】deer的意义由“任何动物”变为“某一特定的动物”,meat的意义由“食物”

变为“动物可食部分”,corn的意义由“谷物”变为“某一特定的谷物”,这三个词都属于词义缩小;tail的意义由“马的尾巴”变为“任何动物的尾巴”,为词义扩大的示例。因此,本题的正确答案为A。

7.Which of the following words is the example of semantic broadening?

A.hound

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/d98216885.html,panion

C.silly

D.girl

【答案】C

【解析】companion过去是指“与你共享面包的人”,现在指“任何陪伴你的人”,属于词义扩大。hound过去是“dog”的总称,现在已被缩小为某一特殊的狗;girl曾经是指“任何性别的年轻人”,而现在词义缩小专指“年轻女性”;silly过去在古英语中表示“幸福”,到中世纪英语时期开始表示“单纯得有点儿傻”,到现代英语转为表示“愚蠢的”。因此,本题的正确答案为C。

8.The new words such as“police officer”,“chairperson”are created because ______.

A.science and technology are developing rapidly

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/d98216885.html,puter and internet technology are more and more popular

C.women have taken up activities formerly reserved for men

D.the children can remember them as quickly as possible

【答案】C

【解析】语言变化的原因有很多种:有科技的进步,妇女地位的转变。“police officer”,“chairperson”等词以前为:policeman,chairman,因为当时从事这一行业的几乎都是男性。但是如今女性也都加入到这些行业中,所以出现了一些中性化的词语。因此,本题的正确答案为C。

9.As science and technology develops,the word“planet-friendly”is coined in the ______.domain.

A.space travel

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/d98216885.html,puter and interact language

C.ecology

D.IT

【答案】C

【解析】planet-friendly是指“对地球环保的”,来源于生态学(ecology)。因此,本题的正确答案为C。

10.“Quarantine”once had the restricted meaning“forty days’isolation”.This is an example of______.

A.semantic broadening

B.semantic narrowing

C.semantic shift

D.loss of words

【答案】A

【解析】quarantine曾经专指“40天隔离”,现在扩展为“隔离”,为词义扩大。因此,本题的正确答案为A。

11.The word“holiday”originally meant a holy day;but now the word signifies any

day when we don’t have to work.This is an example of______.

A.meaning shift

B.widening of meaning

C.narrowing of meaning

D.loss of meaning

【答案】B

【解析】从any day就可以知道词义扩大。因此,本题的正确答案为B。

Ⅱ.Fill in the following blanks:

1.______is a relatively complex form of compounding in which a new word is formed by joining the initial part of one word and the final part of another word. For example,the English word smog is made from______and______.(人大2006研)

【答案】Blending;smoke;fog

【解析】混成法是指一个词由两个单词混合而成,一般把第一个单词的开头部分和第二个单词的最后部分连接起来,或者是把两个单词的开头部分连接起来。

《实用综合教程2》上

大二(上) Vocabulary Check C Unit1 P9 1. They fought to liberate the black people from slavery. (liberation) 2. He watched helplessly as the train left without him. (help) 3. Prof.Ding is a very respectable person. (respect) 4. Thomas is an English historian . (historical) 5. I spoke to him concerning his behavior. (concern) 6. His room is in a state of confusion (confuse) 7. My mother cooked many tasty dishes today. (taste) 8. Sparing him is a merciful act. (mercy) Unit2 P25-26 1. You need to read the instructions carefully before you use the machine. (instruct) 2. The police found the deaths of the three men accidentally. (accident) 3. The rarity of air on a high mountain is bad for people with weak hearts. (rare) 4. I’ve had no response to my letter. (respond) 5. If you want to go to a movie, you’ll have to make a reservation or there will be no tickets. (reserve) 6. He is very proud of his spotless kitchen. (spot) 7. I have no inclination to be a doctor. (incline) 8. We put up pictures and other decorations in the classroom. (decorate) Unit3 P42 1. His father is an eye specialist (special) 2. Pushy parents get their children into the best schools. (push) 3. John kicked the door open , which was typical of him . (type) 4. My mother learned to operate a sewing machine at a very early age. (operation) 5. My sister is in charge of the registration of births. (register) 6. His mother is employed in a hospital. (employee) 7. The teacher was confused by what the student said. (confusion) 8. The two small shops combined to make a larger one. (combination) Unit4 P57 1. For further enquiries , please call us at 8333555 . (enquire) 2. Her mother is a fashion designer. (design) 3. After a lot of persuasion , she agreed to go. (persuade) 4. She walked from room to room , pretending to supervise the operations.

大学无机化学第五章试题及标准答案

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中国近代史纲第五章试题库 (2)

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新标准大学英语综合教程单元测试第2单元答案

1. When was the last time you were in _______ with your childhood friends? A. context B. contact C. control D. content 2. Like a boat at sea, his mind started to _______ when he wasn't interested. A. float B. soar C. sink D. drift 3. Mrs Jones didn't trust Jack, so she was very _______ to let him cut her grass. A. reluctant B. reluctantly C. enthusiastic D. enthusiastically 4. My house seems to be in a _______ state of disrepair—something is always broken! A. perpetually B. perpetual C. perpetuity

D. perpetuate 5. The problem needs to be looked at from a historical _______ .

A. prospective B. directive C. perspective D. executive 6. Dr. Carter has written _______ about the brain and its influence on our emotions. A. extensively B. intensively C. extensive D. intensive 7. The accident of last week _______ a review of school safety policy. A. prompted B. prompt C. prompting D. prompts 8. I am easily _______ by ice cream, so it's probably the best if I don't look at the dessert menu. A. tempt B. tempts C. tempting

(完整版)戴炜栋《简明语言学教程》配套笔记_自己整理版

Chapter 1 Introduction What is linguistics? 什么是语言学 [A] The definition of linguistics Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language (对语言进行的科学研究) Process of linguistic study: ① Certain linguistic facts are observed, generalization are formed; ② Hypotheses are formulated; ③ Hypotheses are tested by further observations; ④ A linguistic theory is constructed. [B] The scope of linguistics General linguistics普通语言学: the study of language as a whole从整体研究 1.Phonetics: the general study of the characteristics of speech sounds (or the study of the phonic medium of language) (How speech sounds are produced and classified) 2.Phonology: is essentially the description of the systems and patterns of speech sounds in a language.(How sounds form systems and function to convey meaning) 3.Morphology: the study of the way in which morphemes are arranged to form words (how morphemes are combined to form words) 4.Syntax: the study of those rules that govern the combination of words to form permissible sentences (how morphemes and words are combined to form sentences) 5.Semantics: the study of meaning in abstraction 6.Pragmatics: the study of meaning in context of use Sociolinguistics: the study of language with reference to society Psycholinguistics: the study of language with reference to the workings of the mind Applied linguistics: the application of linguistics principles and theories to language teaching and learning Anthropological linguistics, neurological linguistics; mathematical linguistics; mathematical linguistics; computational linguistics [C] Some important distinctions in linguistics ① Prescriptive vs. Descriptive 规定性与描写性 ② Synchronic vs. Diachronic 共时性与历时性(现代英语多研究共时性) The description of a language at some point in time; The description of a language as it changes through time. ③ Speech and writing 言语与文字 Spoken language is primary, not the written ④ Langue and parole 语言和言语 Proposed by Swiss linguists F. de Sausse (sociological)

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