2016新课标创新人教英语 选修七 Unit 4 Section 3

[语法初识]

原句感知自主探究

1．关系代词的用法

这就是拯救了这个女孩的陌生人。(who作主语)

The doctor (whom/who/that) you're looking for is in the room.

你找的那位医生就在屋子里。(whom/who/that作宾语，可省略)

Nobody wants the house whose roof has fallen in.

没有人想要这个屋顶塌陷下去的屋子。(whose作定语，修饰roof)

Beijing is a city which/that has a history of 2，000 years.

北京是座具有2 000年历史的城市。(作主语，不可以省略)

I've got a novel (that/which) you may like to read.

我弄到一本你或许想看的小说。(作宾语，可省略)

即时演练1

用适当的关系代词填空

①The exact year which/that Angela and her family spent together in China was 2015.

②A company whose profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.

③The little girl that/whom/who I spoke to just now is my sister.

④This is the book that/which has been read recently by this young man.

2．关系代词that和which的用法区别

This is

这是我去过的最美的地方。

The first English novel that I read was HardTimes by Charles Dickens.

我看的第一本英文小说是狄更斯写的《艰难时代》。

They always like to talk about the man and the things that they see on the road.

他们总喜欢谈论路上见到的人和事。

Which is the coat that you like best?

你最喜欢的大衣是哪件？

The house in which they lived last year has been rebuilt.

他们去年住的那座房子已经重建了。

即时演练2

选词填空：which, that

①A dog is the only thing on earth that loves you more than he loves himself.

②The last place that we visited was the Great Wall.

③He talked happily about the men and books that interested him greatly in the school.

④I've read all the books that were borrowed from the library.

⑤Here is the book about which I told you yesterday.

3．as引导限制性定语从句

as引导限制性定语从句常用于the same ... as ..., such ... as ..., 非as ... as ..., so ... as ...结构中；as的先行词既可是人，也可以是物；as在从句中常作主语、宾语等。

I have never heard such a story as he told.

我从没有听过他讲的那样的故事。

This is the same book as I lost last week.

这本书和我上周丢的那本一样。

[点津]

(1)the same ＋名词＋as ...指的是同一类的；而the same ＋名词＋that ...指的是同一个。

This is the same pen as I bought yesterday.

这种笔和我昨天买的笔一样。(同样的但不是同一个)

This is the same pen that I used yesterday.

这就是昨天我使用的那一支钢笔。(指的是同一个)

(2)such ...as .../so ...as ...引导的定语从句和such/so ...that ...引导的结果状语从句的区别。

如果从句缺少主语或宾语就是定语从句，连接词用as；如果从句的结构完整，就是结果状语从句，连接词用that。

He is such a good boy that everyone likes him.

他是那么好的男孩以至于人人都喜欢他。(从句不缺句子成分，that引导结果状语从句) He is such a good boy as everyone likes.

他是个人人都喜欢的好男孩。(从句中likes缺宾语，用as充当并引导定语从句)

即时演练3

3－1.选词填空：that, as

①This is such a beautiful park that everyone wants to visit it.

②This is such a beautiful park as everyone wants to visit.

3－2.单句改错

③Such people who you know are very friendly.who→as

④Now children don't play the same games like we played in the past.like→as

4．“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句

定语从句中介词的确定可遵循以下三个原则：

(1)依据与从句中动词或形容词等的习惯搭配确定

The author with whom all of us are familiar will visit our company.

我们大家都熟悉的作者要参观我们公司。

(2)依据与先行词的搭配确定

Jill once worked in the company in which the cars are produced now.

吉尔曾在生产这种汽车的那家公司工作。

(3)根据所表达的意义

The colorless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen.

这种无色的气体是氧气，离了它我们不能活。

[点津]

(1)有时介词前可能添加名词、代词、数词等。

The ten students were killed in the accident, eight of whom were girls.

事故中有十名学生遇难，其中有八名是女生。

(2)有些“动词＋介词”的短语不能把介词提前，否则会失去动词短语的意义，如take care of, look for, look after等。

This is the old man whom he's looking after.

这就是他正在照顾的老人。(从句中的look after为固定短语，不能拆开)

即时演练4

用适当的“介词＋关系代词”填空

①This is a picture of Lei Feng fromwhom we've learned a lot.

②As we all know, the age atwhich children can go to school is seven.

③The school inwhich Lucy is studying is very famous.

④He built a telescope throughwhich he could study the sky in his free time.

⑤This is the pilot bywhom my son was saved.

1．关系副词(＝介词＋关系代词)

我将永远记住我们一起学习的日子。

Last year my parents went to the farm where (on which) they worked 30 years ago again.

去年我父母又去了那个他们30年前劳动过的农场。

Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?

这就是他拒绝我们帮助的理由吗？

即时演练5

用适当的关系副词或“介词＋关系代词”填空

①I'll never forget the day when/onwhich I went to university.

②Everyone wants to visit the place where/inwhich Premier Zhou once worked.

③We don't know the reason why/forwhich they didn't keep their promise.

2．由特殊先行词构成的定语从句

定语从句表示时间或地点的先行词经常考查一些较为特殊的词。

(1)先行词situation (情况；位置), point (要点；地点), case (实例；情况)在定语从句中作状语时，常用where来引导。

We're just trying to reach a point where both sides will sit down together and talk.

我们尽力达到双方都能够坐下来谈判的程度。(where表示“在这个要点上”)

I can think of many cases where students obviously knew a lot of English words but couldn't write a good essay.

我能想出学生了解很多英语单词但不能写一篇很好的论文的情况。(where表示“在这些案例中”)

(2)先行词occasion (时刻)，period (时期，课时), festival (节日)等在定语从句中作时间状语时，常用when来引导。

Describe an occasion when you had to give a presentation to an audience.

描述一种你必须向观众展示的场合。(when表示“在这种场合”)

3．由the way作先行词构成的定语从句

way(方式，方法)作先行词，后接定语从句时，若从句引导词在从句中作状语，则引导词用in which或that，引导词也可省略；当引导词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语时，引导词用which/that。

The way (that/in which) he treats his children is very good.

他对待孩子的方式非常好。

The way which/that you told me yesterday doesn't work.

你昨天告诉我的方法不管用。

即时演练6

6－1.用适当的关系词填空

①Today we'll discuss some cases where parents have difficulty in communicating with their kids.

②The way inwhich/that/不填he looks at problems is wrong.

6－2.完成句子

③The way that/whichheexplainedtous was quite simple.

他给我们解释的方法非常简单。

④The way that/inwhichheexplainedthesentencetous was not difficult to understand.

他向我们解释这个句子的方法不难理解。

[链接高考]

单句语法填空

1．(2016·北京高考) I live next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise.

2．(2015·全国卷Ⅰ) I'd skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River that/which are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.

3．(2015·广东高考)When harvest came around, he was already selling herbs, vegetables and cotton in the market where people from the towns met regularly.

4．(2015·陕西高考) As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time when he should be able to be independent.

5．(2015·安徽高考) Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon which school education depends.

6．(2014·全国卷Ⅰ) Maybe you have a habit that/which is driving your family crazy.

7．(2014·陕西高考) Please send us all the information that you have about the candidate for the position.

8．(2014·广东高考) The next day, my brother and I went to the beach where we watched some people play volleyball.

9．(2014·重庆高考) We'll reach the sales targets in a month which we set at the beginning of the year.

[针对演练]

Ⅰ.用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空

1．Children who are not active or whose diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.

2．Do you know the way that/inwhich/不填he worked out the problem?

3．I refused to accept the blame for something that was someone else's fault.

4．He is such a lazy person as nobody wants to work with.

5．The English play inwhich my students acted at the New Year's party was a great success.

6．Is this the reason that/which he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?

7．Can you show me around the place where you once worked?

8．Please pass me the book whose cover is green.

9．On the day when she called on me, I happened to be out.

10．Where is the man whom/who/that you met just now?

Ⅱ.完成句子

1．I don't know the girl that/who/whomyouspoketo．

我不认识那个和你说话的女孩。

2．Do you know the reason why/forwhichhewassosad?

你知道他那么难过的原因吗？

3．He bought a house whosewindowsfacethesea．

他买了一所窗户朝大海的房子。

4．The factory that/whichwewillvisit next week is not far from here.

我们下周将要参观的那个工厂离这儿不远。

5．He grew up in a family where/inwhichparentstreatchildrenasfriends．

他在一个父母把孩子看成朋友的家庭里长大。

Ⅲ.短文改错

Last Saturday，Mum gave me two tickets for a film. Although she was too busy to go with me, she told me to sell the extra ticket if possibly. At the gate of the cinema I met a handsome young man which offered to have it，but he had only an 100 yuan note. He asked me to wait a while for him change it in the cinema's store. Without much thinking, I was agreed. He walked so fast that I could hard keep up for him. Soon he disappeared. I stood there without knowing how to do. Suddenly I realized the handsome young fellow has cheated me. He had saved money, but lost his honor.

答案：第二句：Although→As/Because; possibly→possible

第三句：which→who/that; an→a

第四句：change前加to

第五句：去掉was

第六句：hard→hardly; for→with

第八句：how→what

第九句：has→had

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