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高中英语Unit10 American literature文章 斯陀夫人 汤姆叔叔的小屋人教版第三册

高中英语Unit10 American literature文章 斯陀夫人 汤姆叔叔的小屋人教版第三册
高中英语Unit10 American literature文章 斯陀夫人 汤姆叔叔的小屋人教版第三册

汤姆叔叔的小屋

第一部译成中文的美国小说

美国南北战争的导火线之一

影响历史进程的经典著作

美国历史上里程碑式的32本书之一

哈佛大学113位教授推荐的最有影响的书

影响中国近代社会的经典译作

对人类发展进程产生过深远影响的书籍

1851年,斯陀夫人在丈夫体弱多病、家境极其贫寒的情况下写成其生平最有影响的作品--《汤姆叔叔的小屋》。小说首先以连载的形式在《民族时代》报纸上发表,立即引起了强烈的反响,受到了人们无与伦比的欢迎,仅第一年就在国内印了100多版,销了30多万册,后来被译为20多种文字在世界各地出版。评论界认为本书在启发民众的反奴隶制情绪上起了重大作用,被视为美国内战的起因之一。林肯总统后来接见斯陀夫人时戏谑地称她是"写了一本书,酿成了一场大战的小妇人",这一句玩笑话充分反映了《汤姆叔叔的小屋》这部长篇小说的巨大影响。

《汤姆叔叔的小屋》通过汤姆叔叔、乔治夫妇等黑奴们曲折经历的描述,揭发和控诉了黑暗的奴隶制度,在当时的美国社会背景下,不失为引发、推动废奴运动的惊世之作。这部享有盛誉的世界文学名著,自问世至今一个半世纪,但今天读来依然那么促人深思、催人泪下,足见作品的深刻内涵和艺术的魅力。作为一部作品,它早已列入世界名著之林,其巨大的成就和影响越来越受到文学界的重视和承认。

构成那次巨大战争--南北战争导火线的,想不到竟是这位身材矮小的、可爱的夫人。她写了一本书,酿成了伟大的胜利。

--美国总统林肯

斯陀夫人的《汤姆叔叔的小屋》是文学史上最伟大的胜利。

--美国著名诗人亨利·郎费罗

《汤姆叔叔的小屋》搅动了美国表面的艺术,顿时引起一场骚动,并宣告一个特殊时辰来临。

--美国学者詹姆斯

斯陀夫人所作的《黑奴吁天录》(《汤姆叔叔的小屋》的另一译名)描写了黑奴受地主虐待之苦况,辛酸入骨,读者为之泪下,于是激起南北战争,而黑奴才获得自由了。

--著名作家苏雪林

第一次听到了美国女作家斯陀夫人的小说《黑奴吁天录》,美国南部黑奴们的悲惨命运和他们勇敢抗争的故事,心激动不已,紧握着眼泪湿透的手绢,在枕上翻来覆去,久久不能入寐。

--著名作家冰心

发动一场战争的小说

时势造英雄,也造就了震撼人心的杰作。美国独立战争以后,北部的资本主义迅速发展,南部却依然实行灭绝人性的奴隶制度。拥护蓄奴还是反对蓄奴,形成了尖锐的南北对立。这时候,斯陀夫人的长篇小说《汤姆叔叔的小屋》应运而生了。

《汤姆叔叔的小屋》,又译作《黑奴吁天录》或《汤姆大伯的小屋》,故事从一个奴隶主与一个奴隶贩子的讨价还价中开始。美国肯塔基州的奴隶主谢尔比在股票市场上投机失败,为了还债,决定把两个奴隶卖掉。一个是汤姆,他是在谢尔比的种植场出生的,童年时就当伺候主人的小家奴,颇得主人欢心,成年后当上了家奴总管,忠心耿耿,全身心维护主人利益。另一个要卖掉的奴隶是黑白混血种女奴伊丽莎的儿子哈利。伊丽莎不是一个俯首贴耳死心塌地听主人摆布的奴隶,当她偶然听到主人要卖掉汤姆和自己的儿子哈利后,就连夜带着儿子在奴隶贩子的追捕下

跳下浮冰密布的俄亥俄河,逃到自由州,再往加拿大逃奔。她丈夫乔治·哈里斯是附近种植场的奴隶,也伺机逃跑,与妻子汇合,带着孩子,历经艰险,终于在废奴派组织的帮助下,成功地抵达加拿大。

汤姆却是另一种遭遇。他知道并支持伊丽莎逃走,但是他自己没有逃跑。由于他从小就被奴隶主灌输敬畏上帝、逆来顺受、忠顺于主人这类的基督教说教,对主人要卖他抵债也没有怨言,甘愿听从主人摆布。他被转卖到新奥尔良,成了奴隶贩子海利的奴隶。在一次溺水事故中,汤姆救了一个奴隶主的小女儿伊娃的命,孩子的父亲圣·克莱从海利手中将汤姆买过来,当了家仆,为主人家赶马车。汤姆和小女孩建立了感情。不久小女孩突然病死,圣·克莱根据小女儿生前愿望,决定将汤姆和其他黑奴解放。可是当还没有来得及办妥解放的法律手续时,圣·克莱在一次意外事故中被人杀死。圣·克莱的妻子没有解放汤姆和其他黑奴,而是将他们送到黑奴拍卖市场。从此,汤姆落到了一个极端凶残的"红河"种植场的奴隶主莱格利手中。莱格利把黑奴当做"会说话的牲口",任意鞭打,横加私刑。汤姆忍受着这非人的折磨,仍然没有想到要为自己找一条生路,而是默默地奉行着做一个正直人的原则。这个种植场的两个女奴为了求生,决定逃跑,她们躲藏起来。莱格利怀疑汤姆帮助她们逃走,把汤姆捆绑起来,鞭打得皮开肉绽,死去活来。但是汤姆最后表现出了他对奴隶主的反抗,什么都没有说。在汤姆奄奄一息的时候,他过去的主人、第一次卖掉他的奴隶主谢尔比的儿子乔治·谢尔比赶来赎买汤姆,因为汤姆是小谢尔比儿时的仆人和玩伴,但是汤姆已经无法接受他过去的小主人的迟来的援手,他遍体鳞伤地离开了人世。乔治·谢尔比狠狠地一拳把莱格利打翻在地,就地埋葬了汤姆。回到家乡肯塔基后,小谢尔比以汤姆大叔的名义解放了他名下的所有黑奴,并对他们说:"你们每次看见汤姆大叔的小屋,就应该联想起你们的自由。"

《汤姆叔叔的小屋》这本书通过对汤姆和乔治·哈里斯夫妇这两种不同性格黑奴的描述,告诉读者:逆来顺受、听从奴隶主摆布的汤姆难逃死亡的命运,而敢于反抗、敢于斗争的乔治夫妇得到了新生。因此,《汤姆叔叔的小屋》对社会发展起

到了积极的作用,特别是对美国废奴运动和美国内战中以林肯为代表的正义一方获得胜利,产生了巨大的作用。

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