林千顺-研究生学位论文开题报告(终)

研究生学位论文开题报告

研究生：林千顺

学号：2013301110082

学院：植物科学技术学院

专业：作物遗传育种

学位级别：硕士

学位类型：学术型

研究方向：水稻杂种优势利用

分子标记辅助选择改良水稻恢复课题名称：

系R666的褐飞虱抗性

导师：牟同敏教授

指导小组：曾汉来教授

沈金雄教授

肖本泽副教授

的显性抗性基因，并运用RFLP技术，采用集团分离分析法将其中一个命名为Bph14(原名Qbp1)的基因定位于第3 染色体的G1318和R1925之间，2个分子标记相距3.2cM，另一个命名为Bph15(原名Qbp2)的基因定位于第4染色体的C820和S11182之间，2个分子标记相距1.2cM。Sun等（2005）通过连锁作图和QTL 分析发现"Rathu Heenati"携带抗褐飞虱的主效基因Bph17，并将其定位到4号染色体短臂上，与2个SSR标记RM8213和RM5953的遗传距离分别为3.6cM和3.2cM。Jena等（2006）从带有澳洲野生稻遗传背景的基因渗入系IR65482-7-216-1-2中鉴定出一对与Bph10不等位的新抗性基因Bph18(t)，定位在第12染色体长臂末端的两标记RM463和S15552之间。Chen等（2006）在籼稻品种AS20-1中发现抗褐飞虱隐性主效基因bph19(t)，并将bph19(t)精细定位到水稻第3染色体上标记RM6308和RM3134之间约60kb的区间内，两标记的遗传距离约1cM。另外，Li等（2006）从1200余份普通野生稻 Griff种质中编号2183的种质存在2对隐性抗性基因，分别定位于4号染色体和12号染色体上，这两对基因很可能是新发现的基因，也暂命名为bph18(t)和bph19(t)，bph18(t)被定位在水稻4号染色体上RM6506和RM273之间，遗传距离分别为11.0cM和6.0cM，bph19(t)被定位在水稻12号染色体上距RM17标记16.7cM的位置。Rahman等（2009）在小粒野生稻中发现了抗水稻褐飞虱的主效QTL Bph20(t)和Bph21(t)，并将Bph20(t)定位在水稻第4染色体短臂上193.4kb的区间内，将Bph21(t)定位在水稻第12染色体长臂上194.0 kb 的区间内。侯丽媛等（2010）在海南普通野生稻中检测到2个隐性褐飞虱抗性QTL,，暂命名为bph22(t)和bph23(t)，并将bph22(t)定位在第4染色体上RM8212和RM261之间，将bph23(t)定位在第8染色体RM2655和RM3572之间。Bph24(t)同样来自与野生稻中，但目前并未被定位（RAM et al 2010）。Yara 等（2010）在ADR52中鉴定了Bph25(t)和Bph26(t)，并分别定位于第6染色体和第8染色体上。He等（2012）在栽培品种Balamawee中鉴定出Bph27(t)，并将其精细定位在第4染色体上标记Q52和Q20之间,约63Kb的区间内。

在所有的已定位褐飞虱抗性基因中，只有Bph14已被克隆。Bph14 cDNA 全长9576bp，包含有3个外显子，编码一个由1323氨基酸组成的蛋白产物，产物包含卷曲螺旋结构域、核苷酸结合结构域和富亮氨酸重复序列。Bph14在水稻的根、叶片和叶鞘的维管束中表达，而这些部位正是褐飞虱的摄食部位。Bph14不是通过排拒作用而是通过抗生作用来发挥抗稻飞虱的作用（范峰峰等2014）。含Bph14

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