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2011年中国传媒大学考博英语真题及详解【圣才出品】

2011年中国传媒大学考博英语真题及详解

Part Ⅰ Listening Comprehension (20%)

(略)

P art Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (20%)

Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet A with a single line through the centre.

Passage one: Questions 16-20 are based on the following passage.

Among the questions that attracted interest in that fanatically inquisitive age was one that had puzzled people for a very long time—namely, why ancient clamshells and other marine fossils were so often found on mountaintops. How on earth did they get there? Those who thought they had a solution fell into two opposing camps. One group, known as the Neptunists, was convinced that everything on Earth, including seashells in improbably lofty places, could be explained by rising and falling sea levels. They believed that mountains, hills, and other features were as old as the Earth itself, and were changed only when water sloshed over them during periods of global flooding.

Opposing them were the Plutonists, who noted that volcanoes and earthquakes, among other enlivening agents, continually changed the face of the planet but clearly owed nothing to wayward seas. The Plutonists also raised awkward questions about where all the water went when it wasn’t in flood. If there was enough of it at times to cover the Alps, then where, pray, was it during times of tranquility, such as now? Their belief was that the Earth was subject to profound internal forces as well as surface ones. However, they couldn’t convincingly explain how all those clamshells got up there.

It was while puzzling over these matters that Hutton had a series of exceptional insights. From looking at his own farmland, he could see that soil was created by the erosion of rock sand that particles of this soil were continually washed away and carried off by streams and rivers and redeposited elsewhere. He realized that if such a process were carried to its natural conclusion then Earth would eventually be worn quite smooth. Yet everywhere around him there were hills. Clearly there had to be some additional process, some form of renewal and uplift, that created new hills and mountains to keep the cycle going. The marine fossils on mountaintops, he decided, had not been deposited during floods, but had risen along with the mountains themselves. He also deduced that it was heat within the Earth that created new rocks and continents and thrust up mountain chains. It is not too much to say that geologists wouldn’t grasp the full implications of this thought for two hundred years, when finally they adopted plate tectonics. Above all, what Hutton’s theories suggested was that Earth processes required huge amounts of time, far

more than anyone had ever dreamed. There were enough insights here to transform utterly our understanding of the Earth.

In 1785, Hutton worked his ideas up into a long paper, which was read at consecutive meetings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. It attracted almost no notice at all. It’s not hard to see why.

Needless to say, almost no one in the audience had the faintest idea what he was talking about. Encouraged by his friends to expand his theory, in the touching hope that he might somehow stumble onto clarity in a more expansive format, Hutton spent the next ten years preparing his magnum opus, which was published in two volumes in 1795.

16. What puzzled people for a long time mentioned in this article?

A. How the mountains were formed.

B. Why seashells can be found on mountaintops.

C. Why people found marine fossils on mountaintops.

D. Where water went when the earth wasn’t in global flood.

17. Which one can replace the word “tranquility” in paragraph two?

A. Indifference.

B. Triviality.

C. Frivolity.

D. Equability.

18. Which is INCORRECT according to this article?

A. Neptunists were convinced that all the mountains were as old as the Earth

itself.

B. Plutonists also believed that changeable sea helped change the earth to some extent.

C. Hutton believed fossils of the top of mountains had risen along with the mountains themselves.

D. Hutton’s works were not accepted because of its difficulty.

19. When did the theory of plate tectonics be finally adopted?

A. In 1785.

B. In eighteenth century.

C. In nineteenth century.

D. In twentieth century.

20. According to this article, whose idea is relatively more accepted by Hutton?

A. Neptunists.

B. Plutonists.

C. Both Neptunists and Plutonists.

D. Neither Neptunists nor Plutonists.

【答案与解析】

16. A 第一段的第一句提到，有个问题长期以来困扰着人们，即为什么经常在山顶上发现

古老的蛤蜊壳和别的海生物化石。联系下文，水成论者（Neptunists）和火成论者（Plutonists）分别对地质现象的成因做出不同的解释。由此可知，困扰人们的问题实际上是，山这一地质现象的成因，因此，应选A项。

17. D 第二段中提到，要是有时候存在足以淹没阿尔卑斯山的水，那么请问，在平静下来

以后，比如现在，这水都流到哪里去了？indifference冷漠，不重视。triviality平凡；琐屑的事物。frivolity轻浮；轻薄。equability平静；无变动。结合句意可知，tranquility的意思为平静，因此选D项。

18. B 第二段的第一句提到，火成论者（Plutonists）认为火山和地震不断改变地球的表面，

但显然跟遥远的大海毫无关系（clearly owed nothing to wayward seas）。因此，B项的表述是错误的。

19. D 第三段倒数第三句中提到，两百年后，地质学家们才理解了这一思想的全部含义，

并且最终采用了板块构造学说（...for two hundred years, when finally they adopted plate tectonics）。第四段的第一句提到，在1785年，Hutton将他的想法写在论文中。由此，可推理，在1785年后的两百年，也就是20世纪的时候，板块构造学说才被最终接受，故选D项。

20. B 第三段提到，Hutton认为，山顶上的海洋化石并不是在洪水中沉积，而是随着山脉

本身的上升而上升。这表明他并不赞同水成论者（Neptunists）的观点。Hutton 还认为，正是地球内部的热量创造了新的岩石和大陆，并推高了山脉。这一观点与火成论（Plutonists）所认为的地球受到内部深处的力（profound internal forces）的作用，是较为相似的。由此可知，Hutton对于火成论者（Plutonists）的观点更为赞同。

Passage Two: Questions 21-25 are based on the following passage.

Study of the codes of television, film, or popular music, for instance, is enhanced by studying the formulas and conventions of production. These cultural forms are structured by well-defined rules and conventions, and the study of the

production of culture can help elucidate the codes actually in play.

Because of the demands of the format of radio or music television, for instance, most popular songs are three to five minutes, fitting into the format of the distribution system. Because of their control by giant corporations oriented primarily toward profit, film and television production in the U.S, is dominated by specific genres such as talk and game shows, soap operas, situation comedies, action/adventure series, reality TV, and so on. This economic factor explains why there are cycles of certain genres and subgenres, sequelmania in the film industry, crossovers of popular films into television series, and certain homogeneity in products constituted within systems of production marked by rigid generic codes, formulaic conventions, and well-defined ideological boundaries.

Likewise, study of political economy can help determine the limits and range of political and ideological discourses and effects. My study of television in the United States, for instance, disclosed that takeover of the television networks by major transnational corporations and communications conglomerates was part of a “right m~” within U.S. scenery in the 1980s whereby powerful corporate groups won control of the state and the mainstream media., For example, during the 1980s all three networks were taken over by major corporate conglomerates: ABC was taken over in 1985 by Capital Cities, NBC was taken over by GE, and CBS was taken over by the Tisch Financial Group. Both ABC and NBC sought corporate mergers and this motivation, along with other benefits derived from Reaganism, might well have influenced them to downplay criticisms of Reagan and to generally support

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