修辞翻译技巧

Title: 英汉翻译技巧：仿译(Loan translation)
Category: 本科三年级以上
Key words: loan translation, special noun, E-C translation
Abstract: It discusses the technique of loan translation from the perspective of some special nouns.


E-C
1. selling point: 卖点


2. hula loop: 呼啦圈 （《音义兼译--外来语中译之首选》，《中国翻译》，2001/6）


3. scratch card: 刮刮卡 （同上）


4. Fifth Column: 第五纵队 （《关于二十世纪英语引喻的思考与翻译》，《中国翻译》，1997/1）


5. domino effect: 多米诺效应 （同上）


6. shell shock: 炮弹休克


7. concentration camp: 集中营


8. field of vision: 视野 （《释义﹑归化和回译》，《中国翻译》，1993/1）


9. war-monger: 战争贩子 （同上）


10. mad-cow disease: 疯牛病






Title: 英汉翻译技巧：减词(Omission)
Category: 本科三年级以上
Key words: omission, grammar, rhetoric, E-C translation
Abstract: It discusses the technique of omission from the perspectives of grammar and rhetoric.

E-C．
1. A soldier must obey orders.
军人必须服从命令。（省冠词）（王令坤＜英汉翻译技巧＞上海交大出版社)


2. When the pressure gets low, the boiling point becomes low.
气压低，沸点就低。（省动词）(许建平＜英汉互译实践与技巧＞清华大学出版社)


3. It was an early September day, cool and bright and just right for running, and I was in the first few miles of a 10.5-mile race over a course through steep exhausting hills.
那是九月初的一天，秋高气爽，阳光明媚，正是赛跑的好时光。我正参加一场10.5英里的比赛，刚跑了几英里。比赛路线要穿越一些陡峭、使人精疲力竭的山坡。（省连词）（王令坤＜英汉翻译技巧＞上海交大出版社)


4. It is conflict and not unquestioning agreement that keeps freedom alive.
使自由保持活力的是冲突而不是绝对的一致。（省强调句中的it）（王令坤＜英汉翻译技巧＞上海交大出版社)


5. One must make painstaking efforts before one could succeed in mastering a foreign language.
要掌握一门外语，非下苦功夫不可。（省代词）(靳梅琳＜英汉翻译概要＞南开大学出版社)


6. Never trouble yourself with trouble till trouble troubles you.
不要自寻麻烦。（省名词）(许建平＜英汉互译实践与技巧＞清华大学出版社)


7. Where there is a will, there is a way.
有志者事竟成。（省表条件的连词）(林佩汀<中英对译技巧>世界图书出版公司)


8. The joint decision to build the Tunnel was announced by President Francois Mitterrand and Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher in a ceremony at Lille on 21 January.
一月二十一日，弗朗索瓦o密特朗总统和玛格丽特o撒切尔首相在里尔举行的一次仪式上宣布了联合修建英法隧道的

决定。（省介词）（王恩冕　李正中＜大学英汉翻译教程＞对外经济贸易大学出版社）


9. University applicants who had worked at a job would receive preference over those who had not.
报考大学的人，有工作经验的将优先录取。（修辞性省略）（王恩冕　李正中＜大学英汉翻译教程＞对外经济贸易大学出版社＝


10. As it is late, let us go to bed.
不早了，睡吧！（省重复部分）（＜新实用英译汉教程＞）


Title: 英汉翻译技巧：拟声词(Translation of imitative words/onomatopoeia)
Category: 本科三、四年级
Key words: imitative word, onomatopoeia, cases, E-C translation
Abstract: It discusses the technique of translating imitative words / onomatopoeia in various cases.


E-C

英语中有拟声词，汉译时也用拟声词
(1)"Whee-ee-ee! Whee-ee-ee!" The police whistles shrilled suddenly.

"的！的 ！"突然警笛响了。（张培基　英语声色词与翻译）


(2) He let the coke gurgle down his throat.
他咕噜咕噜地喝起了可乐。（同上）


(3) A wolf howls / growls.
狼嚎。
同一个拟声词可兼几种不同事物的声音。（同上）


(4) Thunder rumbled in the distance.
远处雷声隆隆。 （同上）


(5) The cart rumbled past.
大车轱辘轱辘地驶过。　（同上）


(6) His stomach rumbled emptily.
他的肚子饿得咕咕作响。 （同上）
英语原文有拟声词，汉译时不用拟声词。


(7) He slammed his tea cup down on the table.
他把茶杯往桌上一顿。（张培基　英汉翻译教程）


(8) The squeaking of the radio was disturbing everybody.　
收音机的声音在扰乱大家。　（同上）
英语原文没有拟声词，汉译时加用拟声词。


(9) The logs were burning briskly in the fire.
木柴在火中毕毕剥剥地烧得正旺。（同上）


(10) Jack fell asleep almost immediately.
杰克几乎倒头就呼呼睡了。　（同上）


Title: 英汉翻译技巧：释义分译(Paraphrase)
Category: 本科三年级以上
Key words: paraphrase, clarity, cross-cultural communication, E-C translation
Abstract: It discusses the technique of paraphrase from the perspectives of clarity and cross- cultural communication


E-C.
1) I am no Hamlet. 我决不犹豫。(包惠南、包昂编著，"实用文化翻译学"，上海科学普及出版社，2000)


2) His income derived from illicit activities-bookmaking, gambling, shylocking, and questionable union activities. 他的经济收入来源于一些非法活动-赛马登记赌注、赌博、放高利贷和一些可疑的工会活动。(包惠南、包昂编著，"实用文化翻译学"，上海科学普及出版社，2000) （本科四年级

以上）


3) This is the opinion of some Rip Van Winkle. 这是一些不识时务的意见。(包惠南、包昂 编著，"实用文化翻译学"，上海科学普及出版社，2000)


4) Can the leopard change his spots? 豹子改不了身上的斑纹，这叫本性难移。（宋天锡、袁江、袁冬娥编著，李鹏飞审校，"翻译新概念英汉互译实用教?quot;，国际工业出版社）（本科四年级以上）


5) He works in the Old Lady of Thread-needle Street. 他在绰号叫"穿线街老太太"的英格兰银行工作。（宋天锡、袁江、袁冬娥编著，李鹏飞审校，"翻译新概念英汉互译实用教程"，国际工业出版社）（本科四年级以上）


6) The study had a Spartan look. 这间书房有一种简朴的景象。（"中国翻译"，99，2） （本科四年级以上）


7) I wonder whether he is a Trojan Horse.我不知道他是否是个内奸。（"中国翻译"，99，2）


8) The goalkeeper is the heel of Achilles.那守门员太弱是致命的缺陷。?quot;中国翻译"，99，2）


9) The joke you told us is as old as Adam, but I still think it's funny. 你给我们讲的那个笑话简直老掉了牙，不过我认为还是很有趣的。(包惠南、包昂编著，"实用文化翻译学"，上海科学普及出版社，2000)


10) If we try to implement these harebrained ideas (that English should be replaced by Hindi and the 15 recognized state languages), India will become a Tower of Babel. 如果我们试图实行这些轻率而愚蠢的主张，以印度语和其他15种官方承认的各邦语言取代英语的话，印度就会因语言的纷杂而乱成一团。(包惠南、包昂编著，"实用文化翻译学"，上海科学普及出版社，2000)


Title: 英汉翻译技巧：意合(Parataxis)
Category: 本科三年级以上
Key words: parataxis, sentence structure, word order, Chinese, E-C translation
Abstract: It discusses the technique of parataxis from the perspective of sentence structures and word order.


E-C.
1. ---nor at all like the poetry women generally write, I thought them condensed and terse, vigorous and genuine.
它们毫无通常所谓的脂粉气息，而是精炼、简洁、刚健、率真。(杨莉藜<英汉互译教程>河南大学出版社)


2. The fire flickers and the watch ticks.
炉火摇曳，钟声滴答。(杨莉藜<英汉互译教程>河南大学出版社)


3. He did not sleep much, but when he did he dreamed of beautiful princesses, splendid castles, and gold and silver.
他没睡多久，要是一入睡便梦到如花似玉的公主，梦到富丽堂皇的城堡，梦到黄金，梦到白银。(杨莉藜<英汉互译教程>河南大学出版社)


4. And now it is an April day, and they take the old cloak and lie in John's grove out of doors together.
四月里的一天，他们带上破斗篷，到屋子外边的约翰丛林里躺下。(杨莉藜<英汉互译教程>河南大学出

版社)


5. But he knew, too, that the boy---a young man now, though always "the boy" to Helmer---had courage and skill and a great will to live.
但是他也知道，这孩子－－其实他已长大成人了，可在海默的心中仍是个孩子――有勇气，有本领，有强烈的求生欲。(杨莉藜<英汉互译教程>河南大学出版社)


6. After an enormous lunch I drove Dave back to town to get his luggage.
在他们家里吃了一顿丰盛的午餐，我便开车送戴夫回镇上取行李。(杨莉藜<英汉互译教程>河南大学出版社)


7. If winter comes, can spring be far behind?
冬天来了，春天还会远吗？(省连词)(杨莉藜<英汉互译教程>河南大学出版社)


8. He moved so quickly that I did not get a good look at him.
他的动作非常敏捷，我来不及好好看他一眼。(杨莉藜<英汉互译教程>河南大学出版社)


9. It is right here, at Geneva, whose very name evokes peace, the will to peace, cooperation among nations, that after long years of discussion, the negotiations were completed which had started on March 24，1984 at Havana on the necessity of creating as part o f the United Nations system a body responsible for regulating international trade.
日内瓦是一个唤起和平、唤起各国和平意愿与合作的地方。正是在此地，于1984年3月24日在哈瓦那开始的旷日持久的谈判终于完成了。这次谈判的目的是，有否必要在联合国系统内建立一个负责调节国际贸易的机构。（王恩冕　李正中＜大学英汉翻译教程＞对外经济贸易大学出版社）


10. He was lazy, peevish, and a bon-vivant; the appearance of a lady frightened him beyond measure; hence it was but seldom that he joined the paternal circle in Russell Square, where there was plenty of gaiety, and where the jokes of his good-natured old father frightened his amour-proper.
他生性懒惰，脾气浮躁，又爱吃，又爱喝，一看见女人就吓得半死。勒塞尔广场家里人多热闹；他的父亲性情随和，很爱开玩笑，说的话常常扫他的面子，害得他不敢多回老家。(杨莉藜<英汉互译教程>河南大学出版社)

Title: 英汉翻译技巧：视角转换(Shift of Perspective)
Category: 本科三年级以上
Key words: parts of speech, conversion, sentence part, expression, word order, inversion, negation, voice, clause, E-C translation
Abstract: It discusses the technique of shift of perspective from the perspectives of conversion, inversion, negation, voice, clause, etc.

E-C.
1. The University of San Francisco is located near the Golden Gate Park.
旧金山大学座落在金门公园附近。（语态的转换）（王恩冕　李正中＜大学英汉翻译教程＞对外经济贸易大学出版社）


2. Her parents are both in their seventies.
她父母都已年过古稀。（表达方式的转换） （陈刚)


3. If children are so well able to learn the

ir mother tongue, it is precisely because they plunge themselves into the sea of language instead of reading a few textbooks only.
孩子们之所以能把自己的母语学好，恰恰是因为他们投身于语言的海洋之中，而不单单是读几本教科书而已。（条件状语转换成结果状语）(丁树德<教学综合指导>天津大学出版社)


4. You can mass-produce … incredible quantities of facts and figures. You cannot mass-produce knowledge, which is created by individual minds, drawing on individual experience, separating the significant from the irrelevant.
你可以大批制造……数量惊人的事实与数字，但不可能大批生产知识，因为知识是个人头脑用个人经验，经过去伪存真后创造出来的。（定语从句转换成原因状语从句） （王恩冕　李正中＜大学英汉翻译教程＞对外经济贸易大学出版社）


5. "Coming!" Away she skimmed over the lawn, up the path, up the steps, across the verandah, and into the porch.
"来啦！"她转身蹦跳着跑了，越过草地，跑上小径，跨上台阶，穿过凉台，进了门廊。（介词转换成动词）(许建平＜英汉互译实践与技巧＞清华大学出版社＝


6. Highway and air traffic came to a standstill in most of Eastern Washington.
华盛顿州大部分地区的公路交通和空中航线都已陷入停顿。（名词转换成动词）<新实用英译汉教程>


7. I believe equally that it is in the interests of the world as a whole that Europe should increasingly unite and speak with a common voice.
我同样认为，欧洲应该日益团结起来，并且用一个共同的声音说话，这是符合全世界的利益的。（词序调整）(许建平＜英汉互译实践与技巧＞清华大学出版社)


8. Little did I then know the meaning of war and what it was in reality.
当时我确实不大懂得战争的意义以及战争实际上是怎么回事。（词序调整）(许建平＜英汉互译实践与技巧＞清华大学出版社)


9. It is a good workman that never blunders.
智者千虑，必有一失。（反说正译）(许建平＜英汉互译实践与技巧＞清华大学出版社)


10. Keep off the lawn!
请勿践踏草地！（正说反译）（华先发主编 《新实用英译汉教程》湖北教育出版社）