第一讲 英语的特征及汉译英的关键

第一讲英语的主要特征以及汉译英的关键

在学生英语听、说、读、写、译（英译汉、汉译英）五种（更准确地说是六种）基本能力中，汉译英是最为薄弱的。比如说，下面三个看似简单的句子如何翻？

他的儿子上初二。

她忙着考博。

那个女孩很阳光。

可见，汉译英不是简单的语法加词汇，而是要翻译成符合英语习惯的地道英语。那么英语有哪些主要特征呢？

一、英语的主要特征

先看三个例子：

1. 向晚意不适，

驱车登古原。

夕阳无限好，

只是近黄昏。

At dusk my heart is filled with gloom;

I drive my cab to ancient tomb.

The setting sun appears sublime,

O but ‘tis near its dying time.

2. 枯藤老树昏鸦，

小桥流水人家，

古道西风瘦马。

夕阳西下，

断肠人在天涯。

Over old trees wreathed with rotten vines fly crows;

Under a small bridge beside a cot a stream flows;

On ancient road in western breeze a lean horse goes.

Westwards declines the setting sun.

Far, far from home is the heart-broken one.

3. 教室太吵，宿舍太闷，校园里的树林中，小河边，假山旁，芳草上，全是同学知己，一个个手捧书本，口中念念有词。

As the classroom was too noisy and the dorm too stuffy, I went outdoors, only to find fellow students everywhere—in the woods, by the brook, beside the rockery, and on the lawn, all with a book in their hands and reading the text aloud.

由此可以看出英语的主要特征：

1. 英语是屈折语（inflected language）：名词和动词等有词形变化。汉语是孤立语（isolating language）

Student—students; go—goes—went—gone

2. 英语重形合（hypotaxis），重语法；汉语重意合（parataxis）

英语书面语言语法结构非常严密，情态动词、助动词、连系动词、代

词、连词、引导词（关系代词that, which及关系副词when, where, why 等）、介词等虚词反复出现，一般不可省略，否则就会出语法错误，或衔接缺失；而名词、动词等实义词一般不重复，前者用代词指代，后者用do, does等替代。

（在这一点上，汉语刚好相反：汉语不用或少用此类词，而名词、动词经常重复，以加强语气）例如：

The babysitter looks after my daughter every weekend. But she can’t do in the end of the semester because she has to prepare for the final examination.

保姆每周末都照料我女儿。但期末她不行，因为她要准备终考。

Overall, the communities on CompuSever tend to be more professional; those on America Online, affluent young singles; Prodigy, family-oriented.

总的来说，经常上“计算机服务网”的群体一般是专业技术人员；经常上“美国在线”网的一般是富有的独身者；经常上“奇才网”一般是家庭观念强的人。

3. 英语句子结构框架清晰，除祈使句外，主句要有主语谓语（有时带宾语），且必须有主语。

4. 英语书面语言长句多，复合句多

书面语言每个句子平均长度为20.3个单词。

并列句：A and B; A, B, (C) , and D。实在决定不了用哪个连词，可用分号。

复合句：一个主语，一个谓语，即一个主句，前（或）后带从属性的词组或从句。例如：

科学发展观，第一要义是发展，核心是以人为本，基本要求是全面协调可持续，根本方法是统筹兼顾。

The Scientific Outlook on Development takes development as its essence, putting people first as its core, comprehensive, balanced and sustainable development as its basic requirement, and overall consideration as its fundamental approach.

5. 英语多属后延形语言

主语前可有状语或同位语，但不可写得太长，以避免“头重脚轻”；尤其是定语和状语，定语两个词及以上的要后置；状语两个词以上可放主语前，也可放宾语后（宾语太长，以避免混淆，可以插入语形式放谓语后）

Then there are independents like Echo, a hip, downtown New York service, or Women’s Wire, targeted to women who want to avoid the male culture prevalent everywhere on the Net.

6. 英语被动句较多，尤其是在专业英语中。例如：

输液时要经常注意体液的动态平衡，随时予以调整。

During infusion care should be taken to maintain the dynamic balance of body fluids, and, if necessary, adjustment should be made promptly.

二、汉译英的关键

1. 关键

（1）语法正确：有一个主句，有个主语；然后前后展开。这是最基本的。

（2）衔接与连贯：句子内部各部分之间；各分句之间；段落中各句子之间；篇章中各段落之间

（3）符合英语习惯：是难点，需要长期的努力积累

词的搭配；dirty / indecent / pornographic book; hot spring

句型或句式: He doesn’t mind the cold weather.

She came out the fourth in the contest.

2. 汉译英的难点与真谛

对我们中国学习者来说，英译汉的关键在于对英语原文的理解方面，而汉译英的难点主要在于如何用地道的英语去表达。具体地说，汉译英的关键，是要领会需要翻译的汉语句、段或篇所表达的确切意思，然后撇开汉语的句法结构，乃至汉语词汇的字面意思，用恰当的英语句式和词汇把有关意思表达出来。在某种意义来说，汉译英相当于英语写作，其关键都是要用恰当或地道的英语句式和词汇把有关的意思表达出来，或不妨说写出来。许多英语学习者感到英译汉较容易，翻译得也过得去，原因是，只要他们能看懂英语，他们一般都能用地道的或较通顺的汉语把相关的意思表达出来；而感到汉译英难，其根源则是，他们往往用“语法加单词（而且又从字面意思出发选用单词）”的方式一字一句地直译，这样一来，他们就似乎感到，不少汉语词挺

偏，挺高深，相应的英语词他们没学过（或没记住），有时即使勉强翻译出来，译出的英语也往往不符合英语习惯，甚至显得非常可笑。

实际上，看看专家的译文，不仅句子结构比较地道，而且用词也很“普通”（甚至似乎很简单），也就是说，他们能用地道的英语句式和相当普通（乃至简单）的单词表达颇为复杂或高深的意思。所以，汉译英和英语写作一样，工夫是在平时练就出来的——平时学英语时，不要满足于记单词（拼写加汉语意思），而要通过大量英语阅读体会和掌握相关单词的确切用法，同时充分注意有关的意思英语是用那些句型和单词表达的。通过这样有意识的大量积累，汉译英时只要撇开（或忘掉）汉语词汇的字面意思和汉语句子的表层结构，时时刻刻想着汉语所表达的意思英语是用哪些句型、哪些词表达的，然后用地道的英语去把这些意思表达（写）出来。强烈建议：自己没见过的搭配与句型最好别用，最好换个同意搭配或句型。

普通句子的英译的难点在于：俗语（非常口语化的语言）以及带文学性色彩的句子。

除了要培养基本的汉译英能力，要想把某个领域的材料译为英语，就要经常看该领域的英语材料，充分注意其用词、习惯搭配与句型。

这样一来，汉译英实际上并不是那么难，所谓的技巧实际上也并不重要。

然而，在实际的翻译过程中，面对汉语千姿百态、独具一格的表达方式，译者有时会陷入误区，有时又难免会遇到一筹莫展的情况，

而作为前人经验结晶的汉译英技巧，或策略，则可以使初学翻译的人少走弯路，或使他们在困惑时豁然开朗。

Exercise：

1. 你还有脸找她借钱。

2. 恐怕你们这些负责人谁也不摸底。

3. 我打通了医生的电话，她感激地谢了我，回头就走。

4. 如果我能够，我要写下我的悔恨和悲哀，为子君，也为我自己。

5. 望着隔江的山色，岚翠鲜明，那江中往来的船只，帆樯历历可数；那一轮红日，沉沉地傍着山头下去了。

Keys：

1. You should have the nerve to borrow money from her.

2. I’m afraid you who are in responsible positions haven’t a very clear idea.

3. I made the phone call and got through to the doctor; the girl gratefully thanked me and turned to leave straight away.

4. I want, if I can, to record my remorse and grief, for Zijun’s sake as well as for my own.

5. They gazed at the green and fresh mountains across the river, the boat playing to and fro—they could see each sail quite clearly—and the red sun gradually sinking behind the mountains.

课堂讲义可下载的邮箱：scottreno@https://www.wendangku.net/doc/e07468911.html,密码：20111010

大学英语汉译英答案

Unit 4 Translation 1、接受这份工作就得经常在周末上班，但约翰并不在意。 To take this job would involve working on weekends frequently, but John didn’t mind 2、众所周知，肺癌至少部分地是由于吸烟过多而引起的。 It is well know that lung cancer is caused at least in part by smoking too much. 3、我祖父母说，发明电视的那个人曾住在他们那个地段。 My grandparents said that the man who invented television had once lived in their neighborhood. 4、我提议咱们会后马上去办公室找史斯密教授，邀请他参加我们的英语晚会。 I propose that we go to find Prof. Smith in his office right after the meeting and invite him to our English evening 5、她因那病开过两次刀，身体十分虚弱，几乎站不起来。 Having been operated on twice for the disease, she was so weakened that she could barely stand up 6、教育家们认为，伴随着电视机长大的一代人，在电视机前花的时间太多，以致没有足够的时间学习了。Educators think that the generation growing up with television spend so much of their time in front of the TV that they do not have enough time to study. 7、我真希望你能拿出一个比这更好的解决办法来。 I do hope that you can come up with a better solution than this. 8、乍一看，这幅画并不好，但经过仔细观察，我们才发现它的的确观察，我们才发现它的确是一幅杰作。 At first glance the picture didn’t l ook very good, but after examining it carefully we found that it was indeed a masterpiece. Unit 5 Translation 1、史密斯医生从窗口望出去，突然看到一个年轻人正向他的诊所奔来。 Looking out of the window, Dr. Smith caught sight of a young man running towards his clinic. 2、艾米过去除了咖啡什么都不喝。 Amy used to drink nothing but coffee. 3、迈拉得知丈夫在事故中受了伤便哭了起来。 Myra broke into tears when she learned that her husband had got injured in an accident. 4、我们好几天没有看见怀特小姐了。她是病倒了还还是怎么了？ W haven’t seen Miss White for quite a few days. Has she fallen ill of somethi ng? 5、研究所所长亲自查明一切都没有问题。 The director of the research institute came in person to make sure that everything was all right. 6、伦尼今天早晨上学又迟到了。他应该早一点起床的。肯定是昨晚睡得太迟了。 Lennie was late for school again this morning. He ought to /should have got up earlier. He must have stayed up too late last night 7、嗨，你不应该把那些孩子赶跑。他们是来帮忙的，不是来捣蛋的。 Say you oughtn’t to have driven away those kids. They came to lend you a hand, not to make trouble. 8、对护士来说，坚持这项规定是很重要的。 It is important for nurses to stick to this rule. Unit 6 Translation 1、据报道，那条铁路曾因洪水而停止修建。 It was reported that the building of the railway had been held up by a flood. 2、罢工结果，资方接受了工人的要求。 The strike resulted in the management accepting the workers’ demands. 3、煤矿工人们决定为争取更好的工作条件举行罢工。 The coalminers decided to go on strike for better working conditions 4、我很想买下这本英文词典，遗憾的是我身上带的钱不够。

汉译英翻译方法

汉译英三步骤： 1.理解原文 包括原文逐字逐句的理解、对原文整体思想、观点和态度的理解，也包括对原文句子之 间和各部分之间相互关系的理解。 2.英语表达 在正确理解原文的基础上进行的，不是一对一的死译，而是在理解原文的基础上用相应 的英语结构、词汇和表达习惯准确的表达原文的意思。 3.核对检查 认真阅读自己的译文，要用挑错的眼光来检查译文是否正确表达了原文的意思，是否有 漏译、错译，译文语法如时态、语态、单复数形式和拼写上是否有错误。 汉译英翻译技巧： 1.选择恰当的英语词汇 有些英语词汇不仅有字面意思，还有内含意思。 e.g.“国家”：country, nation, state, land 分别内涵：疆土、人民、政府、感情 有些英语词汇本身含有贬义或一些委婉的意思，运用时要特别注意。 e.g.“宣传”publicize, propaganda （带贬义） 汉译英选词原则： （1）选适合上下文的词汇 e.g.“观众”：audience,viewer, spectator 分别表示：听音乐会或看戏的观众、电视观众、看体育表演的观众 “条件”不同情况下应用不同的英语词表达： 工作条件：working condition 有利的条件：favorable situation 录取条件：admission requirement 付款条件：terms of payment 词汇选择首先要忠于原文的意思。 e.g.近年来由于就业问题日益严重，有些人建议让没有工作的未婚妇女来替换那些 家务繁重的女工。 “就业问题”：employment problem, unemployment problem（找不到工作就业已 成问题，即失业问题） “没有工作的妇女”: women without jobs, women hunting for jobs（没有工作又 需要找工作的妇女，不需找工作的并不包括在内） （2）要注意词的广义、狭义、具体的意思和抽象意思的不同 e.g. ①他讲的笑话逗得我们都笑了。 ②他讲的话使我们大家都笑了。 ①His joke made us laugh. ②What he said make us laugh. We all smile at what he said. （3）选词时不要望文生义，不要死译，要考虑与汉语对应的英语词汇真正的意思。 e.g.①他们的好奇心得到了满足。

新视野大学英语(第二版)第四册汉译英英译汉及完型答案

. . 资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 . . , 资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 . .资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 : ; .资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 ' 资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 . , 资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 . . .资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 . .出入除自己家以外地任何场所时，如果你带有宠物，一定要了解有关宠物地规定. 一些女性完全可以不待在家里，而是去工作，挣一份不错地工资.但是为了家庭，她们放弃 了工作. .你怎么为这样粗鲁地行为辩护？你将会为此付出沉重地代价，因为他们己经以低毁名誉地罪 名起诉你了. .批评有其重要作用；我们可能当时不喜欢它，但是它能激励我们去做更伟大地事情. .他毫不让步地行为遭到公众地反对，这使得他陷人了精神上崩溃、经济上破产地境地.．即使你失败了，也不要被失败伤害，更不要被失败左右.记住：失败是学习过程中 必要地一 步；它不是学习、地结束，而是学习地开始. . ．. . ．. . . 资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 新视野大学英语（第二版）第四册 . , 资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 . . , 资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 . . , .资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 . , 资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 . . 资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 , .资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 . , 资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 . .

.如果没有查理·卓别林，世界电影史就会不一样了. .令人感到宽慰地是，他地努力最终给予了他长期渴望地结果—他成功地发现了这种疾病地原因. .查理·卓别林是最伟大、最广受热爱地电影明星之一.从《流浪汉》到《摩登时代》，他拍 摄了许多他那个时代最有趣、最受欢迎地电影.他最出名地是他扮演地一个人物—年轻可 爱地小流浪汉. .卓别林是一个才能非凡地人：自他年第一次在电影中出现，两年时间内他就成 了这个国 家最有名地人物之一. .查理·卓别林对世纪初期每个人地生活都产生了影响.与有史以来地任何人相比， 他让更 多地人欢笑，改变了人们看待这个世界地方式. . 年，查理·卓别林在圣诞节那天去世了，身后留下了悲伤地家人和朋友，以及 全世界数 以百万计地影迷. . ．. ．．. . . . . ．. ．．. ．． . . 资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 新视野大学英语（第二版）第四册 . . , .资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 . , 资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 . . , 资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 . . .资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 . , , 资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 . . , 资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 .资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 . ，发展中国家认为信息技术是促进经济发展地途径，但一些国家在估算成本与选择技术方面缺乏经验. .据说地球拥有地地下水量大约是其拥有地河流和湖泊水量地三千倍，而且地下水要干净得多. .任何人都能照出好照片—问题只是你是否在合适地时间和地点. .通过在他们地学校和图书馆安装计算机，这些社区地领导们表明他们决心不在技术上落后. .当他开始创办这家公司时，他想他将能在市场上与那些顶级公司并驾齐驱，可是他现在失望

汉译英句子完整版

一、①直到最近，科学家才终于了解材料的结构要素与其特性之间的关系。 It was not until relatively recent times that scientists came to understand the relationships between the structural elements of materials and their properties. ②材料工程学主要解决材料的制造问题和材料的应用问题。 Materials engineering mainly sloves the problems of manufacture and applications of materials ③材料的加工过程不但决定了材料的结构，同时决定了材料的特征和性能。 The processing of the materials not only decides their structure but also their properties and performance. ④材料的力学性能与其所受外力或负荷而导致的变形有关。 Mechanical properties of materials relate deformation to an applied load or force. 二、①金属元素有许多游离电子，金属材料的许多性质可直接归功于这些电子。 Metallic materials have large number of nonlocalized electrons , and many properties of metals are directly attributable to these electrons. ②许多聚合物材料是有机物，并具有大的分子结构。 Many polymer materials are organic compounds and they have large molecular structure. ③半导体材料的电性特征介于导电材料（如金属、金属合金）与绝缘体（陶瓷材料和聚合体材料）之 间。 Semiconductors have electrical properties that are intermediate between the electrical conductors (viz. metals and metal alloys ) and insulators (viz. ceramics and polymers). ④生物材料不能产生毒性，并且必须与人体组织互相兼容。 Biomaterials must not produce toxic substances and must be compatible with body tissue. 三、①从我们呼吸的空气到各种各样性质迥异的金属，成千上万种物质均是由100多种原子组成的。These same 100 atoms form thousands of different substances ranging from the air we breathe to the metals which have different properties. ②事实证明金属原子是通过很强的键结合在一起的。 The facts proved that the atoms of metals are held together by strong bond. ③微观结构是指能够通过显微镜观察到的而不是用肉眼直接观察到的结构；宏观结构是指可以直接用 肉眼观察到的结构。 Microstructure, which includes features that cannot be seen with the naked eye but using a microscope. Macrostructure includes features that can be seen with the naked eye. ④原子核中质子和中字的量的总和就是原子量。 The atomic weight of an atom indicates how many protons and neutrons in the nucleus. 四、①化学性质是用来描述一种物质是怎样变成另外一种完全不同的物质的性质。 Properties that describe how a substance changes into a completely different substance are called chemical properties. ②相变是一种物理性质，并且物质存在四种相：固相、液相、气相和等离子体。 Phase is a physical property of matter and matter can exist in four phase: solid, liquid, gas and plasma. ③当温度低于熔点是，聚合物的晶体结构破坏，但其分子仍然连接在分子链上，从而形成一种柔软和柔顺性材料。 At some temperature below the melting point, they start to lose their crystalline structure but the molecules remain linked in chains, which results in a soft and pliable material. ④在工程应用中，渗透率通常用相对值而不是绝对值来表示。 In engineering applications, permeability is often expressed in relative, rather than in absolute, terms.

新视野大学英语读写教程汉译英翻译答案

第一单元 1. The plant does not grow well in soils other than the one in which it has been developed. 2. Research findings show that we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we may have done during the day. 3 .Some people tend to justify their failure by blaming others for not trying their best. 4. We remain tree to our commitment: Whatever we promised to do; we would do it. 5. Even Beethoven's father discounted the possibility that his son would one day become the greatest musician in the world. The same is true of Edison, who seemed to his teacher to be quite dull. 6. They were accused by authorities of threatening the state security. 第二单元 1 ．If the characters in this comedy had been more humorous，it would have attracted a larger audience．‘ 2. She has never lost faith in her own ability, so it is a possibility for her to become a successful actress. 3 ．I never had formal training，I just learned as I went along? 4. As their products find their way into the international

工程硕士英语unit1完型答案及翻译

UNIT 1 CLOZE B Every year Forbes magazine prints “The Forbes Four Hundred”, a list of the richest individuals in the United States. This issue 1 interesting reading because it tells how these people made their money and, indirectly, how the country has changed over the years. The original list 14 years ago was crawling with Rockefellers, and Du Ponts, a Frick, a Whitney, Mellon or two---all great family fortunes that stretched back to the 19th century. However, there weren’t as many old-money fortunes on last year’s list---which leads to some conclusions about wealth in America. First, it’s not easy to hold down money, even for billionaires. Taxes put a big dent in family fortunes, and unless the heirs are careful and invest wisely, they can lose their millions as fast as their ancestors made them. Second, the old ways to riches aren’t as dependable as they used to be. Only 18 in the latest 400 made their fortunes from oil. Third, America is still the land of opportunity where smart young people like Bill Gates of Microsoft can end up on top of the list of the richest Americans ahead of the Rockefellers, Mellons, Gettys and Carnegies. What’s more, it’s amazing how many of these people keep their frugal habits after they’ve made it big. Among The Forbes Four Hundred, there are many such stories of self-made millionaires living modestly, avoiding publicity and working long hours even though they can pay the bills without lifting a finger. These people are still doing whatever it was that led to their success. There is a good lesson in this: Find something you enjoy doing, give it everything you’ve got, and the money will take care of itself. 1. A. makes off B. makes at C. makes for D. makes out 逃走、离开袭击、扑向导致、有助于理解、起草 2. A. when B. how C. where D. why 何时如何哪里为什么 3. A. entirely B. indicatively C. incorrectly D. indirectly 完全地、彻底地表示错误地间接地 4. A. original B. novel C. pioneering D. fresh 最初的新奇的、异常的首创的新鲜的 5. A. crawling B. crawled C. to crawl D. crawl 震惊爬行（过去式）爬行爬行 6. A. extended B. stretched C. spread D. expanded 延伸的拉伸的伸展的展开的 7. A. results from B. holds to C. leads to D. leads up 起因于坚持导致引入 8. A. hold down B. hand down C. hold up D. hold on to 抑制、保有宣布、流传下去举起、阻挡紧紧抓住 9. A. although B. unless C. despite D. otherwise 尽管除非不管否则 10. A. as soon as B. as fast as C. as much as D. as many as 一…就和…一样快差不多多达、和…一样多 11. A. were used to B. are used to C. used to D. could 习惯于习惯于过去经常能

汉译英简单句子练习

汉译英。 1．他1989年出生在美国。 2．这位护士细心地照顾那位病人。 3．他过去常常五点钟起床，但现在起来很晚。 4．那个穿红衣服的是我的妹妹。 5．我来大连是为了学英语。 6．当我五岁的时候，我喜欢数星星。 7．中国是一个发展中国家，所以我们应当努力学习。8．为了找到一个好工作，他选择了外语。 9．哪里能买到我的鞋呢？我的脚太大了。 10．我们应该向前看，不应该向后看。 11．我花了一个小时到达昌临。 12．把你所说的话付诸实践。 13．告诉我你的电话号码以便我打电话给你。 14．爱吃巧克力的那位同学考试及格了。 15．尽管下雨，他们还在操场上打篮球。 16．昨天我的包被偷了。 17．他们在这儿住了20年了。 18．你是第一次来英语角吗？ 19．她比她的妹妹更小心。 20．他们是去年结婚的。 21．我知道他喜欢与年轻人一起工作。 22．当非典爆发时，我正在北京旅游。 23．你知道什么是幸福吗？ 24．你最好尽快把作业做完。 25．他告诉我那个苹果已经被他吃了。 26．我害怕狗，所以我总是远离它。 27．皮特说话很快，我很难听懂。 28．天气越来越暖和，人们喜欢在街上散步。 29．那就是我需要的东西。 30．我是不是该安静地走开？

31．你花了多少时间完成你的作业？ 32．我们应该保持宿舍干净。 33．他好像有很多车。 34．你正是我要找的人。 35．大声点说话以便大家都能听见。 36．既然天黑了，你介意呆在这儿吗？ 37．尽管我们失败了，但至少我们也尽力了。38．房子太贵了，我买不起。 39．他将照我说的做。 40．金钱不能带来幸福和爱情。 41．当她穿上那件裙子，她看上去年轻了。42．我害怕晚上出门。 43．当妈妈进卧室的时候，爸爸假装在看报纸。44．他被人看作世界上最好的篮球运动员。45．我们不应该嘲笑她，因为我们也有缺点。46．我与他相处感到轻松惬意。 47．老师要求我们星期日去英语角。 48．越来越多的人开始学怎样上网。 49．这本书出版于1998年。 50．我相信我的梦想将会实现。 51．怎样解决这个问题是非常重要的。 52．这个电视节目充满了暴力。 53．我不认为中国足球队会赢。 54．我不理解他为什么离开家。 55．没人知道他在想什么。 56．我在国外买的电视坏了。 57．他即不懂英语又不懂汉语。 58．这部电影令人恶心。 59．她照看的那个孩子是个10岁的小男孩。60．如果你努力工作，你会成功的。

大学英语5_汉译英

掌握大量的词汇对于达到一门外语的流利程度是至关重要的。一个非官方的但却是经常被引用的有关剑桥初级证书英语考试（Cambridge First Certificate Examination）的数字表明，词汇量少于三千五百词的学生不大有可能在这项考试中成功。最近的研究也表明，其母语为英语的受教育至18岁或18岁以上的人至少认识一万六千个英语词。除非你已经会讲一种像西班牙语或德语这样的语言，要获得大的英语词汇是没有捷径可走的：你就得依靠勤奋和专注。当然，你可以从上下文猜出你阅读中遇到的一些生词的意思，但往往你得查词典才能搞清它们确切意思。一个切实可行的学习新词的方法或许就是大量阅读，最好是读那些你觉得有趣或刺激的故事。反复阅读同一本书常常是很有好处的：你每读一次都会学到不同的生词，而熟悉的背景又有助于将这些新词牢牢地印在你的脑海中。 Mastering a large number of words is essential to achieving fluency in a foreign language. An unofficial, but often quoted, figure for the Cambridge First Certificate examination suggests that students with a vocabulary of less than 3,500 words are unlikely to be successful in the exam. Current research also suggests that native English speakers who have been educated up to 18 years old or beyond know at least 16,000 English words. And unless you already speak a language like Spanish or German, there are no shortcuts to a large vocabulary in English: you just have to rely on diligence and dedication. Of course you can figure out from the context the meanings of some new words you come across in your reading, but more often than not you have to look them up in a dictionary in order to be clear about their accurate meanings. A practicable way to pick up new words is, perhaps, to read a lot, preferably stories that you find interesting or exciting. It often pays to read the same book over and over again: each time you read it you will learn different new words, and the familiar context helps to fix them in your mind.

句子翻译练习(汉译英)

一、翻译下列句子，注意选词： 1.人民现在为什么拥护我们？就是这十几年有发展。 2.由于全球气候变暖，海平面在一点点地上升。 3.改革开放也使民族精神获得了解放。 4.我们的企业应着重提高国际竞争力。 5.中国的现代化建设离不开与世界各国的经济合作与贸易往来。 6.湖区水位提高可能要危及竹子的生长。这意味着以竹子为食物的大熊猫也将 受到威胁。 参考译文： 1.Why do people support us? Because our economy has been developing. 2.The sea level is rising little by little in the consequence of global warming. 3.Reforms and the open policy have also emancipated the minds of the people. 4.We need to be enhancing international competitiveness. 5.China’s modernization is inseparable from her economic cooperation and trade ties with other nations. 6.Higher water levels in the lake area may endanger the growing of bamboos, which means giant pandas that feed on these plants will suffer, too. 二、物称与人称（翻译下列句子，注意运用物称表达法） 我想到希望，忽然害怕起来了。 他气得话也说不出来。 我一时想不起他的名字。 我疏忽了这个问题。 我兴奋得什么话都说不出来。 走过草地几步，我们就到了一个华丽的大酒店。 你只消仔细比较一下，就会发现不同。 一看到那棵大树，我便想起了童年的情景。 恕我孤陋寡闻，对此关系一无所知。 凭良心讲，你待我礼貌有加，我却受之有愧。 参考译文： The access of hope made me suddenly afraid. Anger choked his words. His name escaped me for the moment. This point slipped my attention. Excitement deprived me of all power of utterance. A few steps across the lawn brought me to a large, splendid hotel.

新视野大学英语读写教程2汉译英翻译题及答案

1. 她连水都不愿喝一口，更别提留下来吃饭了。(much less) 2. 他认为我在对他说谎，但实际上我讲的是实话。(whereas) 3. 这个星期你每天都迟到，对此你怎么解释？(account for) 4. 他们利润增长的部分原因是采用了新的市场策略。(due to) 5. 这样的措施很可能会带来工作效率的提高。(result in) 5. 这样的措施很可能会带来工作效率的提高。(result in) 6. 我们已经在这个项目上投入了大量时间和精力，所以我们只能继续。(pour into) Unit2 1. 尽管她是家里的独生女，她父母也从不溺爱她。(despite) 2. 迈克没来参加昨晚的聚会，也没给我打电话作任何解释。(nor) 3. 坐在他旁边的那个人确实发表过一些小说，但决不是什么大作家。(next to; by no means) 4. 他对足球不感兴趣，也从不关心谁输谁赢。(be indifferent to) 5. 经理需要一个可以信赖的助手，在他外出时，由助手负责处理问题。(count on) 6. 这是他第一次当着那么多观众演讲。(in the presence of sb.) Unit3 1. 你再怎么有经验，也得学习新技术。(never too... to...) 2. 还存在一个问题，那就是派谁去带领那里的研究工作。(Use an appositional structure) 3. 由于文化的不同，他们的关系在开始确实遇到了一些困难。(meet with) 4. 虽然他历经沉浮，但我始终相信他总有一天会成功的。(ups and downs; all along) 5. 我对你的说法的真实性有些保留看法。(have reservations about) 6. 她长得并不特别高，但是她身材瘦，给人一种个子高的错觉。(give an illusion of) Unit4 1. 有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？(Use "it" as the formal subject) 2. 不管黑猫白猫，能抓住老鼠就是好猫。(as long as) 3. 你必须明天上午十点之前把那笔钱还给我。(without fail) 4. 请允许我参加这个项目，我对这个项目非常感兴趣。(more than + adjective) 5. 人人都知道他比较特殊：他来去随意。(be free to do sth.) 6. 看她脸上不悦的神色，我觉得她似乎有什么话想跟我说。(feel as though) Unit5 1. 他说话很自信，给我留下了很深的印象。(Use "which" to refer back to an idea or situation) 2. 我父亲太爱忘事，总是在找钥匙。(Use "so... that..." to emphasize the degree of something) 3. 我十分感激你给我的帮助。(be grateful for) 4. 光线不足，加上地面潮湿，使得驾驶十分困难。(coupled with) 5. 由于缺乏资金，他们不得不取消了创业计划。(starve of) 6. 每当有了麻烦，他们总是依靠我们。(lean on) Unit6 1. 就像机器需要经常运转一样，身体也需要经常锻炼。(as... so...) 2. 在美国学习时，他学会了弹钢琴。(while + V-ing) 3. 令我们失望的是，他拒绝了我们的邀请。(turn down) 4. 真实情况是，不管是好是坏，随着新科技的进步，世界发生了变化。(for better or worse) 5. 我班里的大多数女生在被要求回答问题时都似乎感到不自在。(ill at ease) 6. 当地政府负责运动会的安全。(take charge of)Unit7

汉译英在线翻译句子

[标签:标题] 篇一：2015汉译英句子翻译(包括参考译文) 2015年汉译英综合练习 1. 她就是这样风里来，雨里去，成年累月地工作着。 This is how she carries on her work, rain or shine, all the year round. 2. 西湖如明镜，千峰凝翠，洞壑幽深，风光奇丽。 The West Lake is like a mirror, embellished all around with emerald hills and deep caves of enchanting beauty. 3. 但我就是这个脾气，虽然几经努力，却未能改变过来。 But it’s the way I am, and try as I might, I haven’t been able to change it. 4. 一踏上中华人民共和国国土，我们就随时随地地受到关怀和照顾。 From the moment we stepped into the People’s Republic of China, care and kindness surrounded us on every side. 5. 袭人道：“一百年还记得呢！比不得你，拿着我的话当耳边风，夜里说了，早起就忘了。”“I’ll remember it if I live to be a hundred!”said Aroma. “I am not like you, letting what I say go in at one ear and out at the other forgetting what’s said at night by the next morning.” 6. 要制造飞机，就必须仔细考虑空气阻力问题。 Air resistance must be given careful consideration when the aircraft is to be made. 7. 为什么总把这些麻烦事推给我呢？ Why should all the unpleasant jobs be pushed onto me? 8. 只有在我过于劳累，在我长时间无间断地工作，在我感到内心空虚，需要补充精神营养 的时候，我才感到寂寞。 I am lonely when I am overtired, when I have worked too long without a break, when for the time being I feel empty and need filling up. 9. 中国成功地爆炸了第一颗原子弹，在全世界引起了巨大的反响。 The successful explosion of the first atomic bomb in China caused great repercussions all over the world. 10. 我们应该实行国民经济信息化和科研成果产业化。 We should build an information-based national economy and apply scientific research achievements to industrial production. 11. 你说的倒轻巧，你也给我捧个奖杯回来。 You talk as if it were very simple. Why not try yourself and see if you can bring back a trophy, too? 12. 中国应该用实践向世界表明，中国反对霸权主义、强权政治、永不称霸。 China should show the world through actions that she is opposed to hegemonism and power politics and will never seek hegemony. 13. 中国明朝的著名旅行家徐霞客一生周游考察了16个省，足迹几乎遍布全国。 Xu Xiake, a great traveler in China’s Ming Dynasty, visited 16 provinces in his lifetime, leaving his footprints in nearly every corner of the country. 14. 阿Q将衣服摔在地上，吐一口唾沫，说：“这毛虫”！ Ah Q flung his jacket on the ground, spat, and swore, “Hairy worm!”

新视野大学英语3课后汉译英答案(全)

第1单元：（此单元无汉语） 1. No matter how experienced a speaker you are, and how well you have prepared your speech, you will have difficulty making a speech at such a noisy reception. 2. Just as all his sister’s friends cared about him, Jimmy cared about them. 3. Car manufacturers stamp a vehicle identification number at several places on new cars to help track down stolen vehicles. 4. If you dare tell on me when the teacher gets back I won’t say a word to you any more. 5. Some elderly people prefer to live on their own while the great majority choose to live with their children. 6. Here is something that needs to be reckoned with: how to get the necessary finances to establish the company. 第2单元： 1、被告是位年仅30岁的女子，她坚称自己无罪。 The defendant, a woman of only 30, kept insisting on her own innocence. 2、总体看来，枣、豆类以及一些多叶的绿色蔬菜是最好的铁质来源。 All tings considered, dates, beans and some leafy green vegetables are the best sources of iron. 3、正餐时不供应饮料，饮料会影响消化。 No beverages are served with meals because they interfere with digestion. 4、考虑到那个地区受欢迎的程度，提前订宾馆是明智的。 Taking the popularity of the region into consideration, it is advisable to book hotels in advance. 5、服药后若有呕吐感，请立即停止服用并尽快咨询医生。 If you have a feeling of wanting to throw up after taking this drug, stop taking it immediately and consult your doctors as soon as possible. 6、总结这次讨论时，他说双方都会好好考虑怎样以最有效的方法来解决这一问题。 Summing up the discussion, he said both parties should consider the most effective way to solve the problem. 第3单元 1、在思维方面，与他的行为一样，他是非常传统的。 In his thinking, as in his behavior, he is very traditional. 2、教室一旦同意接受新的教学计划，他们就得面对新计划所带给他们的压力。 Once the teachers agree to accept the new teaching program, they have to face the strain it puts on them. 3、从长远看，大学毕业后继续深造而不是直接参加工作是值得的。 In the long run, it is worthwhile to pursue one’s study after graduating from universi ty instead of going to work directly. 4、由于这所学校的办学宗旨是品德第一，所以道德观和学习成绩受到同样的重视。 As the school operates on the Character First principle, moral values and academic achievements are stressed equally. 5、据说，原定于这个月召开的会议将推迟到下个月召开。 It is said that the meeting, which is scheduled to be held this month, will be put off till next month.