文档库 最新最全的文档下载
当前位置:文档库 › M5U1

M5U1

M5U1
M5U1

Module 5 Unit 1 I was two then.

Learning Aims:

1.Enable Ss to use: I was two then. They were young.

2.Enable Ss to understand and read the dialogue fluently.

3.Talk about things in the past and now, and then make comparisons.

Main Points:

Enable Ss to introduce themselves in the past and now. Teaching Methods:

TPR, PPT, Groupwork

Teaching Materials:

PPT, tape

Learning Procedures

Ⅰ. Warming-up: I do, you say.

Tall/long---short big---small fat---thin

Old---young cute strong

Ⅱ. Text

1. Introduce the time line on the Bb---then now future (Bb)

2. ①picture three and five

Who? Where?

·You are Lingling. Introduce yourself.

I am Lingling. I am ten. I am tall. (Bb)

·T: Amy is pointing to a picture. Who is she?

How do you know?(Lingling’s house/ the hair is black.)

You are baby Lingling. Introduce yourself.

I was baby Lingling. I was two. I was short...(Bb)

·Look at the hair.

The hair is long. The hair was short.

②picture one and two

T: Who are they in the picture?

Grandpa and grandma=grandparents

Now they are old. They were young then.(Bb)

③conclusion: am--- was

Is—was

Are—were

2.⑴Listen and choose words.

①Ling ling’s grandparents are _____ now, but they were ____ then.(young, old)

②Lingling: I _____ ten now. I _____ two then. I was ____ then. (was, am, naughty)

③Lingling’s hair is ______ now, but it was ______ then. (short, long)

⑵Listen and say.

⑶Read in pairs.

Ⅲ. Practice

1.Show the little you.

2.The changes around us.(show pictures)

The house was small then.

The house is big now.

The food is not yummy then.

The food is yummy now.

The water is clean(干净) then.

The water is dirty(脏)now.

Ⅳ.Homework

1.Listen and imitate the dialogue.

2.Introduce your family in the past and now, then write them

down.(介绍你家人过去和现在的变化,并写下来。)

板书设计

Module 5 Unit 1 I was two then.

I was two then. I am ten now.

I was short then. I am tall now.

My hair was short then. My hair is long.

They were young then. They are old now.

牛津英语M5U1reading原文

A friendship in trouble Dear Annie My name is Andrew. I am 17 years old and I have a problem. My best friend Mathew has stopped talking to me. We have been best friends since childhood and play together in the school football team. Last week, we had an important match against another school. The other team was superb and we really had to focus. I was determined to win, but Matthew was playing badly. He could not keep pace with the game, and as a result of his careless playing we lost. Afterwards, I got really angry with him, and I told him I thought he was not trying hard enough. He got annoyed, saying it wasn't his fault if he couldn't play as well as me, and that I shouldn't talk to him in this manner then we both started shouting at each other and it turned into a horrible argument. He accused me of some really bad things just to hurt me. I feel really guilty because I made some cruel remarks too, but I dislike seeing our team lose. Football is very important to me but so is our friendship. Since we argued, he hasn't spoken to me even though we sit next to each other in class. It's really awkward. He is usually cheerful and outgoing, but he has been really quiet and looks sad. The things he said hurt me too, but he has not apologized to me. Yesterday, I saw him talking to another boy, Peter, and I cannot help wondering if he wants Peter to be his friend instead of me. I told my brother about the quarrel, but he said Matthew is just too sensitive and perhaps a little bitter,because I am really athletic and good at football, and that I had better find another friend. What should I do? Yours truly Andrew.

科学美国人的中文翻译

2012年1月4日星期三 雌激素是新的“利他林”吗? ——性激素能让一部分女性思维敏捷,却也让一部分迟钝 大考即将来临?无法集中注意力?尝试一点雌激素吧。 加州大学伯克利分校的神经系统科学家在最近的一项研究中报道称,女性生理周期中的荷尔蒙波动可能会如咖啡因、甲基苯丙胺或最常见的兴奋剂利他林一样影响其大脑。 近年来的研究表明,工作记忆(短期信息处理能力)是依赖于化学物质多巴胺的。事实上,像利他林这样的药物可以模仿多巴胺帮助人们集中注意力。在老鼠身上的研究显示,雌激素似乎可以诱发多巴胺的释放。但是伯克利这次的新研究是首次把认识能力和人的雌激素水平联系起来,这也就解释了为什么有些女性会在她们生理周期的不同时间点有着或好或坏的认识能力。 这只研究团队对24名健康女性进行了检测。通过基因测试,她们中有些天然多巴胺水平高,而有些天然低。不出所料,多巴胺水平低的女性对于处理复杂的工作记忆问题有困难,比如将一串五个数字反着背出来。但当测试在排卵期中进行,雌激素水平最高时(一般是月经期的10~12天后)这些女性的表现显著改善,有大约10%的进步。令人惊讶的是,多巴胺水平天然高的女性处理复杂问题的能力,却在排卵期中雌激素水平最高的时候有很明显的下降。 根据组织此次研究的Ph.D Emily Jacobs说,脑中的多巴胺是“classic Goldilacks scenario”。对于多巴胺水平最低的25%女性来说,在月经期多巴胺水平的增加会增强她们的认识能力,而对于多巴胺水平最高的25%女性来说,月经期多巴胺水平的增加可能会使她们的多巴胺水平超过一个上限,从而减弱她们的认识能力。而剩下的50%女性都处在这两类女性水平之间,不在研究的范围内。 这项研究有着重大的意义。Jacob说,像咖啡因、利他林这种诱发多巴胺释放的药物对于特定时期的女性是无效,甚至是损害性的。而且,她还希望提醒科学家们注意,在研究脑部疾病时,男女大脑虽然天赋相同但是并不完全一样。 Jacob说,这之间有很大区别,只有我们能知道他们在正常状态下的区别,我们才能预测他们在疾病状态下的区别。 毁约——脑扫描揭示誓言什么时候会不被遵守 新郎说“我愿意”而又和别人有一腿的时候,他脑中发生了什么?朋友承诺还钱却一直不还,他的脑中又发生了什么?一项最新研究显示,毁约是一项很复杂的神经生物学事件。而且脑扫描可以在毁约发生前预测出谁将要毁约。 瑞士苏黎世大学的科学家运用核磁共振技术把大脑比喻成了一场投资游戏。投资者必须决定是否承诺与受托者分享利益。如果投资,会使得账户中的资金增加,但如果受托者选择不分享,结果也会是投资者受损失。几乎所有投资者都说会把钱给受托者,但最后并不会所有人都守约。 通过核磁共振的扫描,研究者可以在他们有机会毁约前预测出他们会不会毁约。毁约者脑部的一些区域的活动会更加活跃,包括分管在压抑诚实回应时自我控制的前额皮质层,和标志

科学翻译

第12页 0903060136 梁潇 0903060137 黄浩 0901014108 黄瑞尧 5.3性能分析 通信开销:在和平时期,验证和密钥协商协议的要求只有三路之间的网状路由器和网络用户和双向沟通网络用户之间。这是最低的通信回合要实现相互认证,因此,和平招致降低认证延迟。此外,通过设计,和平带来最低的额外因为它们可能对网络用户的通信开销如掌上电脑和智能手机进行的移动客户端比其他笔记本电脑访问无线网状网。这些移动客户端要少得多强大相比,网状路由器考虑到他们的沟通能力。在消息(M.1),(M.1),(M.2),网络用户只需要发送一组签名履行认证功能。作为我们立足本集团上签字的变化计划[8]中提出,签名的包括两个G的元素五个元素的Z带够。当使用[19]中描述的曲线,可以首要采取p到170位并使用G组1,其中每个元素是171位。因此,总群签名的长度为1192位或149字节。有了这些参数,安全性是大致相同作为一个标准的1024位RSA签名,这是128个字节[8]。也就是说,群签名的长度几乎是作为一个标准的RSA-1024的签名相同。 计算开销:在和平,最昂贵的计算操作的签名生成和验证。签名生成需要两个同构的应用中。同构计算,需要大约同时,作为一个在G1幂(使用快速计算的轨迹图)[8]。因此,签名生成需要约八幂(或multiexponentiations)和两个双线性映射计算。验证签名需要六个幂和3+2|网址|双线性映射计算。按照设计,和平采用会话认证的不对称对称的混合方法,降低计算成本。网络实体(Mesh 路由器和网络用户)执行昂贵的组签名操作相互验证,只有当建立一个新的会话,所有同一会话的后续数据交换是通过高效的基于MAC的方法进行验证。 更具体地说,和平需要进行相互认证,为建立一个新的会话时,执行一个签名生成和签名验证的网络用户。由此可以看出,签名验证的实际成本计算取决于一致资源定址器的大小,而签名的发电成本是固定的。和平可以主动控制的一致资源定址器的大小。此外,可以采取一种更为有效的吊销检查算法,其运行的时间是一致资源定址器的独立[8]中描述了对用户的隐私有点牺牲。这种技术可以进一步带来的总成本六幂和5个双线性映射计算的签名验证。另一方面,和平需要一个网状路由器进行相互认证其覆盖范围内的每个网络用户每每灯塔消息不同的会议和标志定期播出。 存储开销:在和平中,网络用户可以携带资源约束的普及设备,如掌上电脑和智能手机访问的无线网状网。因此,存储每个网络用户的开销应该是负担得起的现代普及设备。在我们的计划显示说明,在和平中的每个网络用户需要存储两个信息:他的小组的私钥及相关系统参数。该组的私钥为每个用户包含1组元素的G1和2个Z元素。如果我们首要选择p到170位,并使用G组1每个组171位的元素,每个组私钥用户只需消耗511位的内存,这是微不足道的现代普及设备。大多数的内存消耗部分是系统参数,其中可能包括代码来形容双线性组(G

牛津高中英语M5U1单词讲解学习资料

Unit 1 1.betray(vt.)背叛,出 卖betrayal(n.)betray one’s country feel betrayed 2.quiz(n.)小测验 3.pretend(v.)假装;扮 作 pretend to do/that… 老师进来的时候,他假装在看书。 He pretended ____ when the teacher came in. =He pretended that he was

reading… 4.cheer ful(adj.)愉快的, 高兴的;令人愉快的5.washroom(n.)洗手间, 厕所 =restroom/bathroom/to ilet 6.admit(v.)承认;允许进 入;接纳admitted, admitted admission(n.)承认;准许进入;入场费 admit (to) doing/having done

be admitted to/into a college/hospital free admission (to…) 他承认考试作弊了。 He admitted ___________ in the exam. 7.beg(v.)请求,恳求;乞 讨beggar(n.) beg sb to do 8.swear(v.)发誓;咒骂 swore, sworn 9.spy(v.)从事间谍活动 (n.)间谍 spy on sb暗中监视,窥探

10.truly(adv.)真诚地,诚 恳地,衷心地 11.forgive(v.)原谅 forgave, forgiven forgiving adj.宽容的forgiveness n. forgive sb for sth a forgiving mother ask for one’s forgiveness 12.sincere ly(adv.)真诚地 sincerity n. 13.childhood(n.)童年 14.superb(adj.)极佳的; 卓越的

M5U1(教师版)

M o d u l e5U n i t1(教师版) G e t t i n g a l o n g w i t h o t h e r s 1.betray vt. (1)背叛,出卖~~ sb/ sth (to sb) I feel betrayed by my friend, Hannah. betray one’s friend/one’s country 背叛朋友/国家 He would rather die than betray his country to the enemy. 他宁愿牺牲也不出卖国家给敌人. At no time will I betray my motherland. 我决不出卖我的祖国。 Whatever mistakes Mike makes, Jack will never betray him to their teacher. 无论迈克犯什么错误,杰克都不会向老师出卖他的。 (2)(把隐瞒的事)无意中透露出来; 显示 His accent betrayed(说明,显示)that he was a foreigner . 2.be determined to do sth 下决心做… I was determined to be cheerful.(line14) I’m determined to catch up with others this term. 我决心要在本学期赶上其他的同学。Determined to give up smoking, he threw away all his remaining cigarettes. 决心要戒烟,他把剩余的香烟全扔了 determined adj. 坚定的 Madame Curie was a determined woman and set a good example to us. 居里夫人是一位坚定的女性,给我们树立了好榜样。 determine to do sth/that… determine sb to do sth Mary determined to learn medicine. 玛丽决定学医。 His advice determined me to drink and smoke no more.他的建议使我下决心不再抽烟喝酒。He has not determined what he will study.他还没决定学什么。 determine vt. 规定,确定 They determined the date for the party. 他们确定了聚会日期。 3.admit vt. 承认(过去式﹑过去分词为admitted,现在分词为admitting) admit sth admit doing sth/ having done sth 承认做过某事 admit that… She admitted stealing the bicycle./having stolen the bicycle. 她承认偷了自行车。 I admit that I was wrong. 我承认我错了。 admit vi.& vt. 许可进入 Only one hundred boys are admitted to the school each year. 每年仅有100个孩子获准入学。be admitted to 被…录取 He realized his dream of being admitted to Beijing University.他实现了上北大的梦想。admit =hold=seat (场所等)可容纳 The hall admits 1200 people.大厅可坐1200人。 admission n. 入场券 Lily finally admitted___________ my umbrella by mistake. A. to take B. to have taken C. having taken D. have taken 4. k eep one’s word(keep one’s promise) …, and told her we weren’t going to be friends any more because she couldn’t keep her word. (Line 24) She is a good girl and can always keep her word.她是个好女孩儿总是守诺。 拓展: break one’s word /break one’s promise违背诺言 eat one’s words收回前言,为说错话而道歉。 in other words 换句话说,也就是说 in a (one) word 总之 have a word with sb/have a talk with sb 与某人谈话 have words with sb 同某人争吵 Can you spare me a minute?I want to have a word with you(想跟你谈谈). Don’t trust him.He is a man who is always breaking his word(不信守诺言). Your performance in the driving test didn’t reach the required standard-- ________, you failed. A. in the end B. after all C. in other words D. at the same time 5. forgive vt.原谅,宽恕forgave, forgiven forgive sb for (doing) sth forgive sb sth I’ll never forgive what you said to me last night. 我永远不会原谅你昨晚对我说过的话。 They forgave (us) our rudeness. The Chinese people will never ______ the Japanese crimes that they did in the Second World War. A. excuse B. pardon C. forgive D. understand 6.guilty adj.内疚的;有罪的n. guilt I feel really guilty because I said some really cruel things too, but I can’t stand seeing our team lose. feel guilty for/about…因…而感到内疚 be guilty of…犯…罪 She had a guilty look on her face. 她露出内疚的表情。 I feel guilty about having told a lie. 我因为说了谎话而内疚。 The judge found him guilty of murder. 法官发现他谋杀罪成立。 Paul strongly denied that he was guilty ____ cheating innocent customers. A. against B. about C. of D. for 7. stand =bear /tolerate/ put up with容忍,忍受,经受 stand sth./doing sth. I can’t stand this cold weather. 我忍受不了这么冷的天气。 I can’t stand him interrupting all the time. 我不能忍受他老是插嘴。 This shirt doesn’t stand washing. 这件衬衫不耐洗。 Whether it can __________the test of time remains to be seen. A last B continue C accept D stand I can’t stand __________ with Jane in the same office. She just refuses __________ talking while she works. A working;stopping B to work; stopping C working; to stop D to work; to stop 8. apologize v. n. 道歉

对翻译的科学性和艺术性的思考

对翻译的科学性和艺术性的思考 关键词: 翻译;科学性;艺术性 摘要: 翻译是科学还是艺术历来是译学家们争论的焦点。西方译学家奈达博士在60 年代曾有过建立翻译科学的设想,试图用语言学的理论和方法来说明翻译问题,但未能取得成功。而后,到了90 年代他则断言:翻译不是科学,而是艺术。笔者就奈达博士由科学论向艺术论的转变,对翻译的性质进行了理性思考:翻译中对“忠实”目标的追求体现了翻译的科学精神,而为实现“忠实”又离不开艺术创造,因此科学性和艺术性贯穿于翻译活动的全过程,二者互为补充,缺一不可。 Philosophic Thinking of the Science and the Art of Translating ———on Nida’s“Toward a Science of Translating” ZHANG Rui - qing1 ,ZHANG Hui - qing2 (1. The School of Foreigh L anguages , S hanxi University , Taiyuan , China ; 2. English Department , Northern China Engineering Institute , Taiyuan , China) Key words : t ranslation ;science ;art ;faithfulness. Abstract : What is t ranslating ? Is it science or art ? This has long been one of the focal cont roversies among t ranslatologist s. Dr. Eugene A. Nida attempted to establish a science of t ranslating by applying linguistic theories and approaches to t ranslating problems in the 1960s ,but failed. In the 1990s he claimed conversely that t ranslating was not science ,but skills. His shift prompt s the author of this essay to draw the couclusion that ,in the process of t ranslating ,the pursuit of faithfulness to the original reveals the scientific approach of t ranslators ,but to attain faithfulness , artistic creation plays an immeasurable role in good t ranslations. “翻译科学”是一门“研究翻译的科学”。怎样才能构成科学? 首先必须要有客观规律正如金堤先生所说:“艺术与科学之争的焦点是一个实质性的问题。翻译这一活动究竟是否受客观规律的支配? 如果受客观规律的支配,那么既然我们现在还没有完全认识这些规律,我们就必须用科学的方法加以研究,而如果这一活动主要靠独创,谈不到什么规律,那么我们只能把它当作一门艺术。”因此,翻译是科学还是艺术关键就在于其是否具有客观规律。我们在翻译活动中没有探索到客观规律之前,是无法断定翻译是科学的。西方译论家并没有主张建立“翻译科学” ,在他们的译论中,也不用“翻译科学”一词。在西方大学课程中,只有“翻译理论” ,或“翻译研究”,或“翻译学”。唯一用过“翻译科学”一词的,只有奈达博士。60年代,他在“Toward a Science of Translating”一书中指出,翻译是科学也是艺术,并试图用乔姆斯基的转换生成语法的原理,通过深层结构的分析,探索语际转换的客观规律,从而建立翻译科学。但这一尝试未能取得成功,语际转换的规律也未能找到。此后,他在1991 年发表的《翻译:可能与不可能》一文中说,我们不能使翻译成为一门科学,出色的翻译是创造性的艺术。可见奈达由科学派转向了艺术派,并从此放弃了建立翻译科学的设想。1998 年,他在答《外国语》记者问时,又重申了这一论点,认为翻译不可能成为科学。 一翻译科学论的困惑 寻求支配翻译活动的客观规律是历代译学家们孜孜以求的奋斗目标,困扰了几代译学家。只有到了现代,有了现代语言学的基础,才有可能打出翻译科学论的旗号,将侧重点放在科学的基点上。然而,,奈达为何一度认为翻译是科学也是艺术,而后来又说翻译不是科学只是艺术呢?翻译的科学论之所以陷入矛盾,其根源在于翻译对象所涉及的媒介———语言———本身所具有的特性———任意性特征。这种特性决定了科学无法完成其使命,因而即使很不情愿也不得不转而求助于艺术。首先,大多数人已经接受的一个事实是:虽然科学力图把文本语言中的意义一点一滴地落实,但语言却总是拒绝把它的全部意义交出来。事实上,现代批评

模块五牛津高中英语课文翻译

译林牛津高中英语模块五课文翻译M5U1;Reading秘密和谎言;亲爱的安妮:我觉得我的朋友汉娜背叛了我;几乎每天都在一起;但我们喜欢那样;星期一那天,我们搞了一次突袭性的数学小测验;担心考试成绩;了,我肯定能取得好成绩;最低分!我感到非常羞愧,这么简单的小测验没能及格;后来,我假装很开心,但汉娜还是觉察到哪儿有点不对;女子洗手间时,我承认考得有多么糟糕;保守秘密;但是第二天,当我走进数 M5 U1 Reading 秘密和谎言 亲爱的安妮:我觉得我的朋友汉娜背叛了我。从小学起我俩就是最好的朋友,几乎每天都在一起。因为我们成绩好,喜爱学习,其他同学有时会说我俩没趣,但我们喜欢那样。我们都很用功,成绩在学校一直很优秀。 星期一那天,我们搞了一次突袭性的数学小测验。我以为它非常简单,一点也不担心考试成绩。小测验之后,我说起话来听上去一定洋洋自得,说它实在太简单了,我肯定能取得好成绩。第二天下课后,我的数学老师却告诉我,我得了全班最低分!我感到非常羞愧,这么简单的小测验没能及格,我真是笨极了! 后来,我假装很开心,但汉娜还是觉察到哪儿有点不对劲。午餐前,我们一起去女子洗手间时,我承认考得有多么糟糕。我求她不要告诉任何人,她说她会替我保守秘密。 但是第二天,当我走进数学课教室时,我就注意到同学们在盯着我看。当我坐下时,我惊讶地发现桌子上有一张纸,上面写着:“笨蛋萨拉得了D等!”我难过得想哭。我想汉娜一定是在答应过我不会告诉任何人之后将我的成绩告诉了同学们。大家一定都在背后嘲笑我!

我非常生气,径直走到汉纳跟前,告诉她我们不再是朋友了,因为她不能信守诺言。她很不安,发誓说她没有告诉任何人。但是,能看到成绩的人只有老师和学生自己。她说一定是有人在洗手间偷听我们的谈话,但我不相信她的解释。我想我永远也不会真正地原谅她。现在,我失去了我最好的朋友。我该怎么办呢? 你真诚的,萨拉陷入困境的友谊。 亲爱的安妮:我叫安德鲁。我17岁,碰到了一个难题。我最好的朋友马修已经停止跟我说话了。我们从小就是好朋友,一起在学校足球队踢球。上个星期,我们与另一所学校的球队有一场非常重要的比赛。那支球队很棒,我们必须集中精力。我下决心一定要赢得比赛,但马修踢得很糟糕。他跟不上比赛的节奏。由于他的漫不经心,我们输了球赛。 后来,我非常生他的气,并告诉他说我觉得他没有尽全力。他也被惹火了,说如果他的球技不如我那可不是他的错,还说我不该以这种方式和他说话。然后我们俩都开始冲着对方大喊大叫,结果我们的喊叫变成了可怕的争执。他指责我做了一些非常不好的事情,只是为了伤害我。我感到很内疚,因为我也说了一些残酷无情的话,但我不喜欢看到我们队输球。足球对我很重要,但我们的友谊也同样很重要。 虽然我们在教室里是邻座,但自从吵架之后,他便没有和我说过话。这实在令人尴尬。他通常开朗外向,但最近一直沉默寡言,显得很难受。他说的那些话也伤害了我,但他并未向我道歉。 昨天,我看见他和另一个男孩彼得说话,我不禁想知道他是不是想让彼得取代我做他最好的朋友。我把吵架的事告诉了我哥哥,但他说马修只是太敏感,可能还有一点嫉妒,因为我身强体壮,足球踢得很好。他说我最好另找一个朋友。我该怎么办呢? 你真诚的 安德鲁

经典翻译段落(一)科学对人体节奏有新发现

经典翻译段落(一) 科学对人体节奏有新发现 你有没有患过时差综合症,即由于长时间坐喷气飞机环球飞行跨越过很多时区而感到疲倦和沮丧?你有没有像北欧国家的很多人一样患过冬季忧郁症,即由于在阴郁的12月和1月老是看到冬日阴沉灰暗的天空而感到郁闷?也许一点点光就能解决你的问题——而且只需要照射你皮肤上一小块地方。实际上,美国科学家已竭尽全力进行研究——用光照射受试者的膝盖后部,试验光在提神方面的作用。 对付时差综合症和冬季忧郁症的东西可能是荷尔蒙褪黑激素。已知荷尔蒙褪黑激素能调节人体节奏。它于夜幕降临时分泌,可用于帮助治疗时差综合症和睡眠紊乱。冬天光线昏暗、白昼时间短,人们褪黑激素分泌较少,据说这就是许多人在天气昏暗时普遍有这种感觉(即冬季忧郁)的原因。 许多年来,专家们一直在试验用光治疗时差综合症和季节性情绪失调(“冬季忧郁证”)。他们建议患者坐在模仿太阳光自然波长的灯光前,以恢复褪黑激素。1996年,哈佛大学医学院的戴安娜·波文及其同事发现即使是昏暗的台灯也可以起到同样的作用。 动物和人接触光都会引起体内复杂的反应。纽约一个大学的研究小组说他们发现光照射在皮肤上会重新调整体内的生物钟。他们选择了胭窝做试验是因为那儿容易接触到而且远离眼睛,许多科学家认为那个部位决定着人体节奏的周期。 Scientists Shed New Light On The Body's Rhythms Have you ever suffered from jet-lag, the fatigue and depression that comes from long hours spent in a jet aircraft traveling across the world over many time zones? Or like many people in northern European countries, have you ever suffered the dark depression of winter blues, the feelings of gloom that comes from facing the somber December and January winter days under dark, cloudy skies? Maybe all you need is a little light -- and merely on a small patch of your skin. In fact, in experiments investigating the effect of light in raising our spirits, American scientists have done all their research using light played on the back of the subjects' knees. What could be a key to jet-lag and winter blues is the hormone melatonin, which is known to regulate body rhythms. It is secreted as night falls and it can be used to help to overcome jet-lag and some sleep disorders. The low level of melatonin we experience in winter when light is dull and daylight hours are shorter is said to be cause of that common feeling many people get in dull weather -- winter depression. For years experts have experimented with treating jet-lag and seasonal affective disorder ("winter depression") with light. They

明清之际的科学翻译1

明清之际的科技翻译 明清之际耶稣会士科学译介研究 背景明末清初是基督教伴随着殖民势力向东方发展的高潮时期,同时也是东西文化开始猛烈碰撞的时期。明末清初也是中西科技进入较大规模的实质性接触和交往的新时期。在此期间,从利玛窦1582年抵达澳门开始,到1687年法国五位“国王的数学家”抵华为标志的耶稣会士入华传教新阶段,直至“最后的耶稣会士”钱德明在1793年去世的两个多世纪中,随着一批又一批耶稣会传教士来到中国,中国与西方之间的文化科技交流进行了一个前所未有的鼎盛时期。一方面,为了传教的需要,他们将西方的科学文化知识传入中国,使中国知识界对“西学”有了初步的了解和认识;另一方面,他们又通过书信往来和翻译中国典籍等方式,把中国悠久灿烂的文化介绍给欧洲,使欧洲出现了“中国热”,也加深了西方世界对中国的了解。 过程:第一阶段在明末清初的“西学东渐”和“中学西传”活动中,西学东渐是指近代西方学术思想向中国传播的历史过程,那时候传教士扮演着相当重要的角色,当时主要以天主教耶稣会为主的传教士们,在试图将天主教传入中国的同时,也引入了西方的人文哲学和科学技术思想,翻译了大量的西方学术相关书籍。但在从事西方科技知识翻译的过程中,他们之中的不少人也积极通过翻译将中国文化科学与社会习俗等国情介绍到西方世界去,这就是“中学西传”。就这样,西方传教士来华的目的是传播西方文化与科技,但他们自觉或不自觉地又成为中国文化与科技的受熏陶者和接受者,进而又成为向欧洲译介中华文化与科技的传播者。 第二阶段1601年利玛窦进入北京,标志着明末清初来华耶稣会士传教活动进入一个重要转折点。利玛窦为了实现传教意图继续发扬光大他在前期探索和完善的适应性传教路线,一方面研究中国儒学典籍以适应中国社会,另一方面以西方科学技术的传播作为敲门砖,为此取得了突出的成就,完成了不少西方科技著作的译述,其代表作就是与徐光启合作完成的《几何原本》。 第三阶段 1687年,五名法国耶稣会士来华,标志者明末清初耶稣会在华传教的二百余年这段历史进入了一个重要转折点或者分水岭。从1687年至1724年基督教在中国被禁的这段时间里,法国耶稣会士不但在这一时期在中西文化科技交流中独步天下,而且也促成法国成为欧洲汉学研究的重镇。还有另外一个重要意义就是,1687年前来华的传教士呢,对汉学的研究主要局限于为了传教出发而对儒家经典的注解,而1687年后大规模来华的法国传教士对中国文化的研究则扩大到了其他许多领域,包括历史、民俗、文学、科技、动植物学等等,其广度和深度显然不是此前的来华传教士所能企及的。 “西学东渐”和“中学西传”出现的原因(只要读科技实现需要的原因即可)。就世界背景而言,到了明末清初,世界历史进入了一个重要转折时期,欧洲资本主义萌芽迅速发展,催生了其对原材料的迫切需求,进而引起了西欧各国对海外商机的探寻,而地理大发现之后激发起来的欧洲人探索新航路热潮的目的之一就是要前往中国。就国内背景而言,从晚明时代开始,中国传统封建社会高度成熟,并开始起步由传统的封建社会向新的近代社会转型,尤其是资本主义萌芽出现,使历史发展呈现出新的情形,晚明的经济、社会、政治、习俗及思想文化都出现了新变化。

牛津高中英语第五模块单元练习(M5U1)

牛津高中英语第五模块单元练习 M5U1 Getting along with others 第一部分单词拼写 1.If I were you,I'd talk with people instead of arguing(争论) with them. 2.What an awkward(笨拙的) singer! We were all amused by his performance. 3.Amy is sensitive(敏感的) about her weight,so don't mention it while staying with her. 4.Forgive(宽恕) me for interrupting,but I really don't agree with you. 5.We need to focus(集中) public attention on acid rain. 6.Everybody knows that Joe is supposed to be to blame(责备) for this. 7.Honestly speaking,I envy(羡慕) you having such a close family. 8.The magazine often remarks(评论) upon performance of great teachers. 9.It is your fault,so you should make an apology(道歉) to Amy at once. 10. Joe pretended(假装) to his family that everything was fine. 第二部分课文填空 M5U1 A friendship in trouble Afterwards, I got really angry with him, and I told him I thought he was not trying hard enough. He got annoyed, 1. saying it wasn’t his fault if he couldn’t play as well as me, and that I shouldn’t talk to him in this manner. Then we both started shouting at each other and it turned into a horrible argument. He accused me of some really bad things just to hurt me. I feel really 2.guilty because he made some cruel remarks too, but I dislike seeing our team lose. Football is very important to me, but so is our friendship. Project What friendship means to me Friendship means being https://www.wendangku.net/doc/ea1785037.html,mitted to others, The best way to have a friend is to be a friend. Because I am a friend, I have had to learn 4.patience and mercy. Once I had a quarrel with Jenny, and she made some cruel comments about me. Even though I was hurt, I 5.forgave her and she later made an apology. Through this incident, both of us have become better people. However, if I had ended up our friendship, we would have both learnt nothing.

英语四级翻译练习:科学

英语四级翻译练习:科学 请将下面这段话翻译成英文: 科学和自然界中一切存在的事物和发生的现象的特点和过程有关。科学包括整个自然界,它精辟地阐述了人类关于各种自然现象是如何彼此联系并如何构成我们所说的宇宙的种种 概念的。 科学有许多特性,要了解科学是什么,就得详细地考察一下这些性能和特点。有一些作者断言说科学实际上只是一种方法—科学的方法。这样的定义是过于简单化了。但是科学方法在决定科学知识的性质方面肯定起着重要的作用。 参考答案: Science is related to all the existing things and thecharacteristics and process of the phenomenahappening in nature.Science contains the wholenature,whichdevelpos various penetrating viewsabout human being's conceptions that how variousnatural phenomena are related together and how they constitute our so-called universe. Science has many characteristics.We have to inspect those functions and characteristics indetail if we want to know what the science is.Some authors assert that science in fact is a kindof method-scientific method.This definition is over simplified.But obviously the scientificmethod plays an important role in deciding the nature of the scientific knowledge. 考点分析: 科学包括整个自然界,它精辟地阐述了人类关于各种自然现象是如何彼此联系并如何构成我们所说的宇宙的种种概念的。 分析: 翻译这个句子时可以处理为逻辑结构清楚的长句,主句就是“科学阐述了种种概念”,然后用which引导一个从句来引出“人类关于各种自然现象是如何彼此联系并如何构成我们所 说的宇宙的”这样解释“概念”的短语

相关文档