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2017考研英语翻译重要句型考点:倒装结构+比较结构

2017考研英语翻译重要句型考点:倒装结构+比较结构
2017考研英语翻译重要句型考点:倒装结构+比较结构

2017考研英语翻译重要句型考点:倒装

结构+比较结构

定语从句、名词性从句和状语从句是翻译常考的3大句型,倒装结构和比较结构式翻译常见的两大结构,正值冲刺复习关键时期,凯程网考研频道现对这几个翻译重要考察点为考生做详细解读,下面是倒装结构+比较结构翻译解析,一起来学习下。

2017考研英语翻译重要句型考点:倒装结构+比较结构

1、倒装结构

英语中的倒装结构一般有否定词位于句首的倒装,only位于句首的倒装,if虚拟条件句的省略倒装,以及为了强调而进行的倒装等。倒装结构一般需要还原句子的正常语序来翻译。

真题例句1(1998年,75题):Odd though it sounds, cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary particle physics, and many astrophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true.

句子结构:本题的倒装句是odd though it sounds。这是though引导的倒装句,还原为正常语序是though it sounds odd。

参考译文:宇宙膨胀说虽然听似奇特,但它是基本粒子物理学中一些公认的理论在科学上看来可信的推论。许多天体物理学家七、八年来一直认为这一论说是正确的。

真题例句2(2009年,47题):Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution.

句子结构:本题是only放于句首的倒装句,而且含有两个倒装句,还原为正常语序为The by-product of the institution was noted only gradually and this effect was still more gradually considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution.

参考译文:人们只是逐渐地才注意到机构的这—副产品,而人们把这种作用视为机构运作的指导性因素的过程则更为缓慢。

2、比较结构

比较结构是考研英语的重点,也是考研英语翻译的难点。此处将比较结构常考短语分类总结,便于考生记忆和掌握。

(1)平级比较

常见短语:as…as, not so much as.

真题例句1(1999年,71题):There are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians.

句子结构:as…as的结构可以译为"A和B一样…"。本句按字面意思翻译为"对历史的定义和历史学家的数量一样多",但是考研翻译时需要对汉语加以调整。

参考译文:几乎每个历史学家对历史都有自己的定义。

真题例句2(2005年,46题):Never before has television served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe.

句子结构:never表否定含义,本句话包含了not so much as的比较结构。这个结构有两种形式,一种是A not so much…as B,这是两个对象的比较,意思是"A不像B那么…";另一种结构是not so much A as B,这是同一个对象的两个方面的比较,表示否定A肯定B,

意思是"不是A是B;与其说A不如说B"。本句是第一种结构,比较的是before和the recent events。

参考译文:在此之前,就加强不同的民族和国家之间的联系而言,电视还从来没有像在最近的欧洲事件中起过如此大的作用。

真题例句3(1994年,74题):Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools.

句子结构:本句中的比较结构是not so much A as B,译为"与其说A不如说B"比较的是though和because of两个介词短语。

参考译文:科学向前发展,与其说是由于天才伟人的真知灼见,不如说是因为如改进了的技术和工具等更为普通的东西。

(2)than的比较结构

常见短语:形容词比较级+than,more than,less than,no more than,no less than,not any more than,not any less than等。

★more than,less than结构

more A than B的比较结构,是肯定A否定B;less A than B和not so much A as B表示同一个含义,否定A肯定B,译为"不是A是B;与其说A不如B"。

★not any more than,no more than,not any less than,no less than结构

这四个比较结构中not和no的否定含义不同,not否定的是具体、部分,而no否定的是抽象、全部。

no more...than... (=not any more...than...)结构中no否定的是全部,指两个比较对象"都不…";同理,no less...than... (=not less ...than...)的比较结构指两个比较对象"都…"。

真题例句1(1999年,Text 5):Science, in practice, depends far less on the experiments than on the preparedness of the minds of the men who watch the experiments.

句子结构:本句包含比较结构(far) less than,far是副词修饰比较级。比较的对象是on the experiments和on the preparedness of the minds of the men。该比较结构表示否定前者,肯定后者,译为"与其说…不如说…"。

参考译文:科学与其说取决于试验本身,不如说取决于有准备的头脑。

真题例句2(2006年,49题):But his primary task is not to think about the moral code, which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business.

句子结构:本句包含比较结构not any more than,相当于no more than,表示两者都否定,译为"都不"。比较的对象是to think about the moral code和to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business。

参考译文:他的主要任务不是去思考道德准则,正如人们不应该期待商人去致力于探索商业行为规范一样。

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