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名词冠词代词的用法

名词冠词代词的用法
名词冠词代词的用法

名词

定义:表示某一事物,有具体的和抽象的之分。分为可数名词和不可数名词。

强调:不可数名词都默认为单数,动词用is或者was;不能根据some、any、a lot of 等词来判断。

1、可数名词如何变“复数形式”:

①.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds ;

读音:清辅音后读[s],浊辅音和元音后读[z]。

②.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes,

watch-watches ;

③“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families,

strawberry-strawberries ;

“元音字母+y”结尾,直接加-s,如:boys,toys

④.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives ,thief-thieves;读音:[z]。

顺口溜:妻子持刀去宰狼,小偷吓得发了慌;躲在架后保己命,半片树叶遮目光。

(贼的妻子一生用两把刀、三片叶杀死两只狼,一半放在架子上,自己吃面包loaf)

wife(妻子),knife(刀子),wolf(狼)thief(小偷),shelf(架子),

self(自己),life(生命)half(一半),leaf(树叶)。这9个名词变复

数时,都要改“f(e)”为“ve”再加“s”。

特殊情况是直接加-s的:

顺口溜:海湾边、屋顶上,首领农仆相望;谁说他们无信仰,语气定在手帕

上。

gulf, roof, chief, serf, belief, proof, handkerchief。这些词是直接加-s的。

⑤.以“o”结尾的词,分两种情况:

1)有生命的+es 读音:[z] 如:mango-mangoes,tomato-tomatoes,

hero-heroes,negro—negroes (袋鼠

除外cangro-cangros)

顺口溜:两人两菜一火山(黑人英雄在火山上吃土豆,西红柿,芒果和

河马)

2)无生命的+s 读音:[z] 如:zoo-zoos, radio-radios, photo-photos, piano-pianos,

(袋鼠除外cangro-cangros)zero-zeros, bamboo(竹竿)-bamboos, tobacco(烟丝)-tobaccos

顺口溜:动物园里挂着一张照片,照片上是一片竹林前的钢琴上放着一台收音机

⑥. 部分单词的单复数同形

顺口溜:中日警察来聚会,鹿、羊、鱼、牛把家回。(中日瑞不变,英法都要变,其他国人加S)

(中国人,日本人赶着绵羊、梅花鹿去河边看鱼)

解释:Chinese,Japanese,police, deer, sheep, fish,cattle ,people,

Swiss--SwissEnglishman--Englishmen, American—Americans,

German--Germans.

除人民币的元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。

如:one yuan,two yuan;adollar,twodollars;

⑦.不规则名词复数:(鹅身上的牙和脚复数oo变ee、)

顺口溜:男士女士a变e;鹅牙双脚o变e;孩子后面加ren;老鼠虱子爱公牛,

mouse, louse和ox.

解释:man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen,

policewoman-policewomen,snowman-snowmen。

goose- geese; tooth-teeth, foot-feet。child-children。mouse-mice, louse-lice,ox-oxen。

2、不可数名词没有复数。如果要计算不可数名词所表达的数量,就用“量词+of”。

例如:a glass of water, a piece of paper, a bottle of juice,a bottle of,a pair of

3、复合名词的复数变化:(顺口溜:属性不变、性别变)解释:three apple trees;three men teachers

冠词

冠词是一种虚词,不能独立使用,通常放在名词的前面,分为“不定冠词”和“定冠词”两种。

1、不定冠词:a、an。用在单数名词前,表示“一个,一件……”。an用在以元音“音素”开头的单词前。

如: an e-mail, an orange, an old man, an English watch, an hour…

2、定冠词:the。用在单数或者复数名词前。the没有具体意思,有时翻译为这、那。它的基本用法:

(1)用来表示特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。如:The map on the wall is new.

(2)表示说话者双方都知道的人或事物。如:Look at the picture, please.

(3)表示再次提到前面谈过的人或事物。如:This is a stamp. The stamp is beautiful.

(4)用在表示世界上独一无二的事物前。如:the sun太阳the moon月亮the earth 地球

(5)用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。如:the Great Wall长城

(6)用在江河、湖海等专有名词前。如:the Changjiang River长江

(7)此外,序数词、形容词最高级、乐器名称等词前面和一些习惯用语中一般都用定冠词the。如:

the first day, the best boy, play the piano, in the same class

确定用a、an还是the时可根据汉语意思。

数词

我们学过两类:基数词和序数词。

基数用于表示数量多少,而基数词用于表示次序,常在日期中出现。

区别:基数词前面没有“the”;序数词前一定要有“the”。

1、超过二十以上的两位数需要在个位和十位之间加上“-”。如:21twenty-one

2、三位数以上的则需要在百位数后再加上and。如:101a/one hundred and one

3、用基数词来修饰可数名词时,一定别忘了它的复数形式。如:十八个男孩eighteen boys

4、用基数词修饰不可数名词时,如是复数,变它的量词为复数。如:两碗米饭two bowls

of rice

5、序数词一般加“th”,特殊的有:first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth

以及二十及二十以外的整十:twentieth, thirtieth, fortieth… “第几十几”:前面整十不变,后面“几”改为序数词。如:88eighty-eighth

代词

代词有两种:人称代词和物主代词。

1、人称代词分为:第一、第二、第三人称,且有单复数之分。

2、人称代词的主格在句中做主语,一般用在动词前(疑问句除外);宾格在句中做宾语,

多用于动词、介词后。

3、形容词性物主代词起形容词的作用,后面一定要跟名词,表示该名词是属于谁的。

4、名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词。

如: This is my bag. = This is mine.That is her ruler. = That is hers.

一般看后面有没有名词,如有,就用形容词性物主代词;如无,就用名词性物主代词。

请牢记下表:

名词的所有格

有些名词的可以加来表示所属关系,带这种词尾的名词的形式称为该名词的所有格。

如mary's father(玛丽的父亲);jim's mother(吉姆的母亲) 。与名词所有格相对来看,不带这种词尾的形式就称为名词普通格。

1.名词所有格的构成法

1)单数名词词尾加's复数名词词尾如没有s,也要加's。

如tom's knife(汤姆的小刀) ; children's books(儿童书籍)

2)表示几个人共有一样东西,只需在最后一个人名字后加,如果表示各自所有,则

需在各个名字后加。如jim and mike's room吉姆和麦克(共用)的房间;jim's and mike's rooms吉姆和麦克(各自)的房间

3)若名词已有复数词尾-s,只加"'"即可。如the students' reading-room(学生阅

览室)

everyone needs to have at least eight hours' sleep a night. 每个人每晚需

要至少8小时的睡眠。

注意:①所有格的读音和名词复数的读音一样。

②名词所有格主要用于表示有生命东西(特别是人或高级动物)的名词。

如this is a woman's work. ;this is a girls' school.

4)以-s结尾的专有名词,构成所有格仍然加's,或只加',但读音都是/iz/。

如 mr jones's(mr jones')book(琼斯先生的书);keats' works(济慈的作品)

(1)表示时间和距离的名词。

如where is today's newspaper 今天的报纸在哪儿

an hour's walk isn't far. 一小时的路程不远。

(1) 有些无生命东西的名词,如国家,城市季节,太阳,月亮,大地,江河,海洋,

船等名词也可用's,表示所有关系。

如china's population(中国人口)

the city's life(城市生活)

注意在表示店铺或某人家时,为避免重复(因前面已提到),名词所有格后面可省略

它所修饰的名词。

my uncle's(我叔叔家) ,the doctor's(医生的诊所)

2.短语所有格

有生命的名词,我们用's结构来表示所有关系,如果是无生命的,我们就要用"名词+of+名词"的结构来表示。

the window of the house(这间房子的窗户)

注意当's所有格用来表示事物类别或属性时不可用of所有格。如:男式鞋应是men's,而不是shoes of men。

+名词所有格

of +名词所有称为双重所有格,使用时要注意以下几项。

1)表示部分时,前面的词一定要有a ,an ,some ,any ,few ,two ,no ,several (几个)之类有修饰语,不能是one和the 。

如可说:a book of my brother's 我兄弟的一本书

不说:books of my brother's或 book of my brother's .

2)当带有感情色彩时,可用the ,this ,that ,these ,those于名词前。

如the pretty daughter of your sister's 你姐姐的漂亮的女儿

did you read that book of lu xun's 你读过鲁迅的那本书吗

3)of 前面的名词不能是专有名词。

如不说:this is john of his uncle's.

4)of 后面的名词必须是特定的。

如these books of my friend's are good 我朋友的这些书很好。

5)of 后面的名词必须是指人的名词。

比较不说it is a leaf of the tree's.

a picture of my father指的是爸爸本人的照片。

注意of 所有格和双重所有格有时可以交替使用,意义无甚区别。

如a friend of my brother→a friend of my brother's

测试点a car of betty's cars ,不可换为a car of betty.。jim's and tom's fathers are in the same office now.吉姆的父亲的汤姆父亲目前在同一办公室。

名词、冠词、代词的用法

定义:表示某一事物,有具体的和抽象的之分。分为可数名词和不可数名词。 强调:不可数名词都默认为单数,动词用is或者was;不能根据some、any、a lot of等词来判断。 1、可数名词如何变“复数形式”: ①.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds ; 读音:清辅音后读[s],浊辅音和元音后读[z]。 ②.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches ; ③“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries ; “元音字母+y”结尾,直接加-s,如:boys,toys ④.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives ,thief-thieves;读音:[z]。 顺口溜:妻子持刀去宰狼,小偷吓得发了慌;躲在架后保己命,半片树叶遮目光。 (贼的妻子一生用两把刀、三片叶杀死两只狼,一半放在架子上,自己吃面包loaf)wife(妻子),knife(刀子),wolf(狼)thief(小偷),shelf(架子),self(自己),life (生命)half(一半),leaf(树叶)。这9个名词变复数时,都要改“f(e)”为“ve”再加“s”。 特殊情况是直接加-s的: 顺口溜:海湾边、屋顶上,首领农仆相望;谁说他们无信仰,语气定在手帕上。 gulf, roof, chief, serf, belief, proof, handkerchief。这些词是直接加-s的。 ⑤.以“o”结尾的词,分两种情况: 1)有生命的+es 读音:[z] 如:mango-mangoes,tomato-tomatoes,hero-heroes, negro—negroes (袋鼠除外cangro-cangros) 顺口溜:两人两菜一火山(黑人英雄在火山上吃土豆,西红柿,芒果和河马) 2)无生命的+s 读音:[z] 如:zoo-zoos, radio-radios, photo-photos, piano-pianos, (袋鼠除外cangro-cangros)zero-zeros, bamboo(竹竿)-bamboos, tobacco(烟丝)-tobaccos 顺口溜:动物园里挂着一张照片,照片上是一片竹林前的钢琴上放着一台收音机 ⑥. 部分单词的单复数同形 顺口溜:中日警察来聚会,鹿、羊、鱼、牛把家回。(中日瑞不变,英法都要变,其他国人加S)(中国人,日本人赶着绵羊、梅花鹿去河边看鱼) 解释:Chinese,Japanese,police, deer, sheep, fish,cattle ,people, Swiss--Swiss Englishman--Englishmen, American—Americans,German--Germans. 除人民币的元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。 如:one yuan,two yuan;a dollar, two dollars; ⑦. 不规则名词复数:(鹅身上的牙和脚复数oo变ee、) 顺口溜:男士女士a变e;鹅牙双脚o变e;孩子后面加ren;老鼠虱子爱公牛, mouse, louse和ox. 解释:man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen,snowman-snowmen。 goose- geese; tooth-teeth, foot-feet。child-children。mouse-mice, louse-lice,ox-oxen。 2、不可数名词没有复数。如果要计算不可数名词所表达的数量,就用“量词+of”。 例如:a glass of water, a piece of paper, a bottle of juice,a bottle of,a pair of 3、复合名词的复数变化:(顺口溜:属性不变、性别变)解释:three apple trees;three men teachers

名词、冠词、代词知识点

名词 一、名词的复数: 1.名词变复数的规则形式 1).一般情况下直接加s book------books cup-----cups 2).以辅音字母+y结尾的,先变y为i再加es . city-------cities family-----families 3).以s、x、sh、ch结尾的加es . bus-----buses wish------wishes watch------wathes 4).以o结尾的多数加S 初中阶段只有三个单词加es . tomato-----tomatoes potato------potatoes hero-----heroes 5).以f、fe 结尾的,先把f、fe变v 再加es leaf----leaves self---selves shelf----shelves life----lives thief---thieves 2.少数名词的复数形式是不规则的 man----men woman---women child----childre foot-----feet tooth----teeth mouse---mice 3.单数和复数形式相同。deer---deer fish----fish sheep----sheep Chinese ----Chinese Japanese---Japanese 4.某国人的复数。 1). 中、日不变。Chinese----Chinese Japanese---Japanese 2). 英、法变。Englishman----Englishmen Frenchman----Frenchmen 3). 其余s加后面。American -----Americans German----Germans Australian---Australians 二、不可数名词: 1.不可数名词:1).不能直接用数字表数量2).不能直接加a或an 3).没有复数形式 4).可用some、any 、lots of、plenty of 、much 修饰5).可用“量词短语”表示 2.不可数名词的数量的表示方法:a / 数字+ 量词+ of + 不可数名词 a piece of paper a cup of tea a glass of milk 三、名词的所有格: 1. ’s 所有格。 1).用and连接两个并列的单数名词表示共有关系时,这时只在最后一个名词后加“’s.”This is ____________________(Mary and Lily) bedroom . 2). 1).用and连接两个并列的单数名词表示各有关系时,这时分别在每个名词后加“’s.”These are ________________(Tom and Jack ) school bags . 3).以s结尾的名词,变所有格时在s后加“’”,不以s 结尾的复数名词,仍加“’s” Teachers’Day Children’s Day 4).表示店铺、医院、诊所、住宅等名称时,常在名词后加’s 代表全称。at the doctor’s at the Bob’s 5).由some、any、no、every与one、body 结合的复合不定代词something 、anything 等和else 连用时,所有格应加在else的后面。This is _________________(somebody else ) pencil . 6).表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的名词,也可在词尾加’s 来构成所有格。 an hour’s ride two weeks’ time China’s capital 2.of 所有格: 1).of 用来表示无生命的名词所有格。the map of China the door of the room 2).双重所有格:of + 名词所有格of + 名词性的物住代词 He is a friend of my _________(brother ) . Is she a daughter of __________(you)? 四、名词作句子成分: 1.名词作主语

初中英语名词、代词、冠词专项练习

初中英语专项练习一 名词、代词、冠词 1.----How is your skirt, Marry? ---- It ’ s more beautiful than ____/. A. my sister’ s B. my sister C. sister D. mine 2. I ’ m going on holiday on the 12th and I have to be back at work on the 26th, so I ’ ve got two ____ holiday. A. weeks B. week’ s C. weeks ’ D. week 3. Look! The kites in the sky are in different ____, some are big and some are small. A. sizes B. colors C. prices D. names 4. I ’ ve read ____ sports news about the FI race today. A. two B. pieces C. two pieces D. two pieces of 5. All the ____ teachers enjoyed themselves on March 8 th, because it was their own holiday. A. man B. men C. woman D. women 6. Mark met an old friend of ____ on a train yesterday. A. he B. him C. his D. her 7. I need ____ paper, Mum. I want to write ____ letter to my English teacher. A. any, some B. some, a C. a, some D. some any 8. There are two ____ and three ____ on the table. A. knifes, forks B. knifes, forks C. knives, forkes D. knives, forks 9. We have got a lot of ____ today. A. newspaper to read B. homework to do C. homeworks to do D. book to read 10.We could see ____ children and hear ____ noise in the park. A. many, many B. much, much C. many, much D. much, many 11.Will you pass me ____? A. a few pieces of chalk? B. a few chalks C. a few of chalks D. some chalks 12.This toy was made by a ____ boy. A. ten-year-old B. ten-years-old C. ten-year-older D. ten-years-older 13.____ are big and bright. A. The classroom window B. The window of the classroom C. The windows of the classroom D. The classroom’ s windows !4. ----Would you like ____ milk, please? ----No, thank you. I still have some. A. some more B. an C. a little of D. all 15.There are two ____ in the city. A. car ’ s factory. B. car’ s factories C. factories of car D’.cars factories 16.Take more ____, and you will be thinner and healthier. A. exercise B. homework C. medicine D. meals 17.At the root of the hill you could hear nothing but the ____ of the running water. A. shout B. noise C. voice D. sound 18.Brian is so kind that he o ften gives me a ____ when I’ m in trouble. A. reply B. seat C. hand D. reason 19.You should express your thanks by returning the kindness when you get help from ____. A. other B. another C. others D. the other 20.We had plenty of paper but ____ ink. A. a few B. few C. not many D. not much 21.My car is not so expensive as ____. A. him B. he ’ s C. he D. his 22.Lily and Lucy have arrived, but ____ students aren’ t here yet. A. other B. others C. the other D. the others 23.There are high buildings on ____ side of the road. A. both B. every C. any D. either 24.----What do you usually have for breakfast? ---- ____ eggs and ____ milk. A. Little, a few B. A little, a little C. A few, a little D. A few, a few, 25.____ is difficult if you put your heart into it.

(完整版)名词、代词、冠词练习题及答案50题

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