翻译练习题

非英语专业英译汉翻译练习

1. Alexander Graham Bell once told his family that he would rather be remembered as

a teacher of the deaf than as the inventor of the telephone.

2. A series of great inventions in the 19th century promoted the development of the society.

3. In a society where people are quite similar in many ways, there are fewer occasions for people to see the need or the opportunity for change because everything seems to be the same.

4. The accident made us realize that safety can' t be ignored.

5. If he is compelled to do what he does not enjoy doing, he cannot be happy.

6. Scientists do not know why dinosaurs became extinct, but some theories postulate (推断）that changes in geography, climate, and sea levels were responsible.

7. Buyers and sellers should be aware of the fact that new developments in technology can and does affect marketing activities.

8. Not that I don，t want to help you, but that it，s beyond my power to do so.

9. On the average the water in the Atlantic Ocean is a little more than two miles deep but in places it is much deeper.

10. Literary works have stood the test of time because of the skill with which they were written. Who today really cares about the details of what life was like a hundred years ago?

11. True friendship is like health, the value of which is seldom known until it is lost.

12. Television is more than just an electronics ；it is a means of expression, as well as a vehicle (载体）for communication, and has become a powerful tool for contacting other people.

13. In the prolonged course of its development, China has formed its fine historical and cultural traditions.

14. Artificial flowers are used for scientific as well as for decorative purposes. They are made from a variety of materials, such as silk and glass, so skillfully that they can scarcely be distinguished from natural flowers.

15. There' s no right amount of sleep for everyone, and generally sleep requirements decrease with age.

16. Although we haven' t made any major mistakes，we have made many minor ones, because we have no experience.

17. If a person goes at a job with determination and purpose, he may astonish himself as well as others by his ability.

18. Learning how to use the Internet effectively as a marketing tool means that you need to learn two different but related bodies of knowledge.

19. The United States Constitution requires that President be a national-born citizen, thirty-five years of age or older, who has lived in the United States for a minimum of fourteen years.

20. Scientists believe that our dreams can often give us interesting information about ourselves, if we will take the time to consider them seriously. They can make us aware of things we have ignored during the day because we were too busy to notice them.

21. Preceding generations have always been concerned about the future, but we are the first to be faced with decisions that will determine whether the Earth our children will inherit will be habitable.

22. Stone does not decay, and so stone tools of long ago have remained even the bones of the man who made them have disappeared without trace.

23. The time has come to rethink what education really is and how it relates to the functions of society. Perhaps what college education does for an individual, which is more important than anything else，is to prepare him for more learning.

24. The invention of the telephone, however, enables people to barge into your homes at the most awkward moments.

25. Often, poverty is the result of the individual，s lack of skill. But a poor society or nation rarely affords to build schools. When schools are built，they usually produce graduates with poor education and poor skills. These individuals can rarely find good jobs. And, this, creates more poverty—and completes the vicious circles.

时代周刊翻译

…Back to Sleep?: Why Are 2,500 U.S. Babies Still Dying of SIDS Each Year? ‘用背部睡觉’：为什么美国每年都有2500个婴儿死于婴儿猝死综合症 Putting babies on their back to sleep has dramatically reduced the number of SIDS deaths, but thousands of babies still die each year. A look at the key risk factors. 让婴儿用背部睡觉戏剧性的减少了婴儿猝死综合症的死亡数量，但每年还是有上千数量的婴儿死亡。这有一种对于关键的风险因素的看法。 There?s no doubt that the Back to Sleep campaign launched in 1994 to get parents to stop putting babies to sleep on their tummies has been a success. In the 1970s and 1980s, the rate of infant deaths per 1,000 live births was 1.5; it?s now 0.5. 无需置疑的是，1994年发起的用背部睡觉的运动，旨在阻止父母让婴儿用肚子睡觉是成功的。在20世纪70到80年代，婴儿死亡率为每一千名安全出生婴儿中有1.5，现在是0.5。 Within a generation, most babies are now put to bed on their backs, and yet 2,500 U.S. infants still die each year in the U.S. Researchers trying to understand why have noticed a curious byproduct of the trend toward back-sleeping: as fewer babies were being put to sleep on their bellies, more babies were documented engaging in other pediatric no-nos — sleeping with their parents, for example — which is another risk factor for SIDS. 在一代人中，大部分婴儿现在都用背部放在床上，但美国每年依然有2500个婴儿死亡。研究员正试图弄明白为什么人们会注意到用背部睡觉这种趋势的奇怪的副产品：越来越少的婴儿用腹部睡觉，越来越多的婴儿被证明参与到了一些儿科禁止的事情中——例如，和父母一起睡——这是婴儿猝死综合症的另一个风险因素。 A study published Monday in the journal Pediatrics takes a look at how risk factors for SIDS have evolved over the years. In an analysis of the 954 babies who died suddenly and unexpectedly in San Diego County between 1991 and 2008 — 568 of these deaths were attributed to SIDS — researchers found that

浅析翻译的创造性

浅析翻译的创造性 人们常把翻译定义为把一种语言的意思用另一种语言表达出来，所以一般人总容易将翻译看成是一种语言上的机械对应活动，丝毫谈不上有什么创意，甚至有人认为翻译就是“模仿”或“拷贝”的同义词。不仅如此，在传统观念中，作者和译者是全然不同的两种角色，作者是自由的，可以根据自己的喜好随意处置自己的作品，而译者在这方面没有任何权利，他只能跟在作者的脚步后面亦步亦趋，不敢越雷池半步，他只能如实地反映原作的思想和风格，不能有自己的主观意志，更没有发挥创造性的自由。 近些年来，认为翻译缺乏创造性的看法在理论界开始受到系统而有力的挑战。当代翻译研究已经证明，翻译不仅是一个很崇高的职业，而且还是一个充满巨大创造性的职业。这对于广大的翻译工作者来说是一种鼓舞，因为这犹如打开了一扇长期关闭着的窗户，使翻译者一下子获得了一种前所未有的视野，由此对自己从事的工作性质的认识产生了一种新的飞跃。 译者的创造性体现在翻译过程中的方方面面。英国翻译理论家彼得·纽马克曾列举了翻译中对译者创造性要求最高的七种情况，包括文化词语、特殊的句法结构、具有文化内涵的暗喻、习语、谚语、双关语和新造词、特殊的语音联觉效果等等。其中，最突出的是对原文中遇到的语言和文化障碍所做的出色而灵活的处理。请看例子： 狄更斯的小说《大卫·科波菲尔》第22章，有这样一段近乎文字游戏的表达，幽默而不失词趣，可是，多年来成为了一个翻译难题，各路高手屡试不爽。 I love my love with an E，because she’s enticing;I hate her with an E，because she’s engaged.I took her to the sign of the exquisite，and treated her with an elopement，her name’s Emily，and she lives in the east. （David Copperfield，XXII） 这段文字其实是英语中的一种嵌字顺口溜，也是一种文字游戏，说的人一般要讲六句话，每句话最后一个字的头一个字母都要一样（如上述文字都是以字母E打头的单词），如果作不上来便要受罚。此类文字游戏的翻译通常对译者都是一种挑战，因为这种文字上的特点在汉语里似乎是不可能再造的。且看以下两种译文： 译1：……我爱我的爱人为了一个E，因为她是Enticing（迷人的）;我恨我的爱人为了一个E，因为她是Engaged（订了婚的）。我用我的爱人象征Exquisite （美妙），我劝我的爱人从事Elopement（私奔），她的名字是Emily（爱弥丽），她的住处在East（东方）。（转引自《英美名著翻译比较》，第271页） 翻译家董秋斯是以上译文的译者。 在这段译文中，英语和汉语夹杂。对于不懂英语的读者来说，那就构成了遗

英语汉译英翻译

Unit 1 1.餐饮行业与电影行业的共同之处在于其小型企业的失败率很高。 The restaurant industry has one thing in common with the film industry: the high failure rate among its small business. 2.他的伟大在于他具有非凡的能力，集科学家和实业家的品质于一身。 His greatness lies in his outstanding ability to connect the qualities of a scientist with those of an industrialist. 3.像工作单位取代居住地一样，我们的种族身份已被职业身份所取代。这一现象在流动作业的行业中表现得尤为明显。 We have replaced ethnic identity with professional identity, the way we replaced neighborhoods with workplace, which is quite obvious among the mobile professions. 4.显然，任何一家大公司的老板都不可能事事亲力亲为，需要找一些方法把他们的理念传达给他人。 Plainly, in any large enterprise the boss cannot be directly involved in everything, and some means have to be found to transfer his belief to others. 5.没有任何人愿意再过那种自己无法控制、要别人认可、任人摆布的日子了。No one was willing to experience the feeling of being out of control and dependent on someone else’s approval, at someone else’s mercy. 6.人们渴望一种成就感，渴望有能力凭自己的手、自己的脑、自己的意志办成事情。 The human being longs for a sense of accomplishment, and being able to do things, with his hand, with his mind and with his will. 7.政府希望通过大量出售资产来弥补损失。 The government hopes that the sale of a chunk of its assets will help make up for its lose. 8.现代社会里人们的身份更多地由他们所从事的职业，而不是他们所生活的社区来界定。

新时代英语传统文化翻译

英语翻译 Unit 1Book 3. 中国传统节日以中国的农历为依据。农历年的岁首称为春 节，俗称“过年”，有祈年等多种习俗，是中国人民最隆重的传统节日， 象征团结兴旺。其他主要的节日有元宵节、清明节、端午节、七夕节、 中秋节、重阳节、冬至节、腊八节等等。各个节日都有其来源讲究和风 俗习惯。农历节日与农历中的二十四节气不同。农历节日是中华民族凝 聚力和生命力的体现 Traditional Chinese festivals are usually fixed to the Lunar calendar. January 1st on the lu Seventh Festival, the Mid-Autumn Festival, the Double- Ninth Festival, the Winter Solstice, and the Eight Day of the Twelfth Lunar Month, etc. Ea Lunar calendar. They embody China's cohesion and vitality. Unit 3Book3. 中国古代四大艺术“琴棋书画” 的画特指国画。其绘画形式 是用毛笔蘸水、墨、颜料作画于绢、帛、宣纸之上，古代称之为水墨丹 青。为区别于西方的油画而称之为“中国画”，简称“国画”。其题材有人 物、山水、花鸟等。技法可分为工笔和写意。国画的艺术特质在于“笔 墨”，强调以形写神，画尽意在。国画在艺术创作上反映了中化民族的 审美意识和情趣。 The four art forms in ancient China are guqin, chess, penmanship, and painting. And paint painting.” In order to distinguish it from Western oil-paintings, the Chinese people term their works “traditional Chinese painting” ( hand brushwork. The artistic characteristics lie in “the writing brush and ink.” Chinese pai 5. 中国石窟 中国石窟组要反映的是佛教文化艺术。敦煌莫高窟、大同云冈石窟、洛 阳龙门石窟、天水麦积山石窟，号称中国四大石窟艺术景观。佛教石窟 随山雕凿、彩绘，形象生动自然，将崇尚美与世俗情融为一体，把天然 造化与人工创造有机结合，是由建筑、绘画、雕塑等组成的博大精深、 绚丽夺目的综合艺术殿堂。其艺术成就为世界瞩目，已成为重要的世界 文化遗产。 Chinese Grottoes Chinese grottoes mainly reflect the art of Buddhist culture. In China， there are four major art landscape of grottoes:the Mogao Grottoes at Dunhuang, the Yungang Grottoes at Datong, the Longmen Grottoes at Luoyang, and the Maijishan Grottoes at Tianshui. Carved and painted on mountains, the Buddhist grottoes mingle both sublimity and secular feelings together, presenting us a vivid and natural appearance. They embody the systematic combination of both the exceptional artistry of great nature and the extremely fine craftsmanship of mankind. The Chinese Buddhist Grottoes are regarded

谈古诗翻译中译者的创造性

谈古诗翻译中译者的创造性 [摘要]古诗翻译要求译者根据需要发挥自身的创造性，对诗歌进行形式和意义的变通，最大限度地把原诗的情、韵、意完好地再现出来，从而达到译文和原文在意境、文化背景和情感上的和谐统一。 标签：古诗翻译；创造性；译者 [一、概论 在古诗翻译中，关于译者能不能进行创造性翻译的问题，许渊冲提出了另一种创造性的翻译理论，那就是译诗与原诗的创优似竞赛论。他认为，“文学翻译是两种语言甚至是两种文化之间的竞赛，看哪种文字能更好地表达原作的内容。”(许渊冲，2003)他主张译者应该充分发挥创作精神，译出“青出于蓝而胜于蓝”的好诗，译者作为翻译的主体在翻译过程中尽量忠实于原作的同时又具有极大的自主性。作品中留有许多空白与不定点等待着读者去补充，而读者的思想中又存在不同的先行结构与前理解，所以读者不同，补充的图景也各异。译者不仅是原作的读者，还是译作的创作者。他们以理解的主动性、阐释的能动性以及重构的创造性把一个全新的译作呈现在译语读者面前，但同时译者不能完全脱离原文文本随意发挥，因为原作作为一个独立的审美客体具有相对固定的审美意蕴，寄寓了原作者的某种情感。译者的责任应该是把它们尽量完美地再现出来，在译语读者面前呈现出一个忠实的译语文本。 二、译者的创造性发挥达到与意境的和谐 译文是原文的代替物，而不是译者随心所欲地改变原文的意思、风格，按照自己的意图重新创造出译文。诗歌有它比较固定的模式或内涵，翻译时，我们有时需要把诗歌原文中的意境传达出来，充分发掘出蕴涵于其中的美的因素。明朝的朱承爵说：“作诗之妙，全在意境融彻，出声音之外，乃得真味。”(陈伟，1997)这说明了意境的重要性，也说明了译者需要在翻译过程中既要在考虑到源语的语言特征的同时，还要充分考虑到译语的特点，进行创造性的语言转化，使译文符合目的语的语言习惯特征。根据语境的需要还需进行必要的增减词，进行整体的变通。如： 刘方平的《月野》中有： 更深月色半人家，北斗阑干南斗斜。今夜偏知春气暖，虫声新透绿窗纱。 Winter Bynner的译文为： When the moon has colored half the house， With the North Star at its height and the South starsertting，

地层时代中英文对照

圭亚那盆地地层时代中英文对照 Cainozoic 新生界 Tertiary 第三纪 Pleistocene 第三纪更新世 Miocene 第三纪中新世 Lower Miocene 第三纪下中新世 Oligocene 第三纪渐新世 Eocene 第三纪始新世 Middle Eocene第三纪中始新世 Lower Eocene第三纪下始新世 Paleocene 第三纪古新世、古近系 Cretaceous 白垩纪 Senonian 森诺阶 Campanian 坎帕阶 Santonian 桑托阶 Coniacian 科尼亚克阶（晚白垩纪第三期）Turonian 白垩纪土仑阶（晚白垩纪第二期）Cenomanian 森诺曼阶 Albian 阿尔比阶 Aptian 阿普第阶 Barremian 巴列姆阶 Precambrian 前寒武纪地层

Cainozoic 新生界 Quaternary 第四系Quaternary period 第四纪Paleocene 第三纪古新世、古近系 Mesozoic中生界 Cretaceous 白垩系 Jurassic 侏罗系 Triassic 三叠系 LateTriassicepoch 晚三叠世 Paleozoic 古生界 Permian 二叠系 LatePermianepoch Early Permian 早二叠世 Carboniferous 石炭系石炭纪 Late Carboniferous Devonian 泥盆系泥盆纪upperDevonionseries 上泥盆统 siluric 志留系Silurian 志留纪 Ordovician 奥陶系奥陶纪 Cambrian 寒武系寒武纪 Proterozoic era 元古代

翻译的创造性

翻译的创造性 翻译因为通常被定义为把一种语言的意思用另一种语言表达出来，所以一般人总容易将翻译看成是一种语言上的机械对应活动，根本谈不上有什么创意。但是近些年来，这种看法开始受到系统而有力的挑战。这对于翻译工作者来说是一种鼓舞，因为这犹如打开了一扇长期关闭着的窗户，使翻译者一下子获得了一种前所未有的视野，由此对自己从事的工作性质的认识产生了一种新的飞跃。当代翻译研究已经证明，翻译不仅是一个很崇高的职业，而且还是一个充满巨大创造性的职业。 在由Ann Beylard-Ozerfoff等大主编的题为《翻译者的策略与创造性》一书中，就有专门文章来讨论翻译与创造性的问题。在谈论翻译的创造性之前，我们必须要清楚地界定什么是创造性。该书中有关文章对创造性行为的认定可以概括成以下几个方面: 1.创造性指一个人产生新的或原创思想、艺术创造的能力O。一个创造性的构想一般定义为这样一种构想，它是"有新意的，而且在某种程度上对于其所出现于其中的情景有用或合适"。 2.创造性还可以有另外一种定义，它指把原先存在的一些构想以新奇的方式加以组合。 3.一种学科的规则与约束，不仅不与创造性对立，而且还使创造性成为可能。每一件音乐作品的创作都不能超出音符系统的范畴。一个文学作品，即使它是标新立异之作，也总是要符合它所成文语言的语法规则。但须在掌握了某一学科规则之后，方有可能来打破这种规则，这又是一种体现，创意的方式。 4.创造性行为还可以界定为一种解决问题能力的形式。 5.翻译的过程是将源语转变成为目的语的过程。这一转换过程导致一个新的文本的产生，这个新文本在内容上虽与原作相同，但却是一个崭新的作品。从这一点上说，这就是一件创造性的作品。它是在词、句、语义三个层面上重构信息的结果。语言结构重组的程度越高，这个转换过程的创意便越大。

汉译英翻译方法

汉译英三步骤： 1.理解原文 包括原文逐字逐句的理解、对原文整体思想、观点和态度的理解，也包括对原文句子之 间和各部分之间相互关系的理解。 2.英语表达 在正确理解原文的基础上进行的，不是一对一的死译，而是在理解原文的基础上用相应 的英语结构、词汇和表达习惯准确的表达原文的意思。 3.核对检查 认真阅读自己的译文，要用挑错的眼光来检查译文是否正确表达了原文的意思，是否有 漏译、错译，译文语法如时态、语态、单复数形式和拼写上是否有错误。 汉译英翻译技巧： 1.选择恰当的英语词汇 有些英语词汇不仅有字面意思，还有内含意思。 e.g.“国家”：country, nation, state, land 分别内涵：疆土、人民、政府、感情 有些英语词汇本身含有贬义或一些委婉的意思，运用时要特别注意。 e.g.“宣传”publicize, propaganda （带贬义） 汉译英选词原则： （1）选适合上下文的词汇 e.g.“观众”：audience,viewer, spectator 分别表示：听音乐会或看戏的观众、电视观众、看体育表演的观众 “条件”不同情况下应用不同的英语词表达： 工作条件：working condition 有利的条件：favorable situation 录取条件：admission requirement 付款条件：terms of payment 词汇选择首先要忠于原文的意思。 e.g.近年来由于就业问题日益严重，有些人建议让没有工作的未婚妇女来替换那些 家务繁重的女工。 “就业问题”：employment problem, unemployment problem（找不到工作就业已 成问题，即失业问题） “没有工作的妇女”: women without jobs, women hunting for jobs（没有工作又 需要找工作的妇女，不需找工作的并不包括在内） （2）要注意词的广义、狭义、具体的意思和抽象意思的不同 e.g. ①他讲的笑话逗得我们都笑了。 ②他讲的话使我们大家都笑了。 ①His joke made us laugh. ②What he said make us laugh. We all smile at what he said. （3）选词时不要望文生义，不要死译，要考虑与汉语对应的英语词汇真正的意思。 e.g.①他们的好奇心得到了满足。

大数据时代英文翻译

Era of Big Data is a woman's age; women in the gene can accumulate and deal with big data/ women are born to accumulate and deal with big data. Many men and children, in fact, have been wondering about this special ability of women. Like, as a child, just as soon as you entered the house your Mother said immediately in a suspicious tone: “Liu zhijun, you didn’t do well in the exam today, did you.” Another example, you just have a glance at the mobile phone, your wife laughs: “Does Er gou the next door ask you to play games?” One more ex ample, when you close the door and make a phone call, your girlfriend will cry: “Who are shot in bed?” They are sometimes right, sometimes wrong. However, On the whole, the accuracy rate is higher than chance level. When they are wrong, men would sneer women always give way to foolish fancies; when they are right, men would say women are sensitive animal maybe with more acute sensory organs. Anyway, that is a guess. It has already scared man that overall accuracy rate is higher than the random level. In order to adapt to this point, the male also developed a very strong skills against reconnaissance. This part is beyond the scope of this article, so no more details about it. Some studies, such as Hanna Holmes’s paper, have indi cated that the white matter of the female’s brain is higher than that of the male. So they have very strong imagination of connecting things together. Some recent studies have shown that women are better than men in the "date" memory. That is the reason why they are able to remember all the birthdays, anniversaries, and even some of the great day of unimportant friends. No matter whether these results are true or not, I am afraid that this is not women's most outstanding ability. Women's most remarkable ability is a long-term tracking of some seemingly unimportant data to form their own baseline and pattern. Once the patterns of these data points are significantly different from the baseline she is familiar with, she knows something unusual. In their daily life, women do not consider the difference between causality and correlation. They believe in the principle: "There must be something wrong out of something unusual." People who talk about big data often take Lin Biao as an example. Lin Biao recorded some detailed and unimportant data after a battle. Such as seized guns, the proportion of rifles and pistols, the age levels of war prisoners, seized grain, whether they are sorghum or millet, etc., all of which were unavoidably recorded in the book. Others laughed at him. But later, he determined where the enemy headquarters were according to these data. What women do is almost the same. A girl A has a secret crush on boy B, but she usually doesn’t contact him directly. Two days later, I asked her if she wanted to ask him to have dinner together. She said he was playing. I wondered “how do you know that?” She said that boy B usually is on the line Gmail at 8:00 am, away status at8:30am, for he goes out to buy coffee and breakfast, on line again at 9:00am, busy status, for he is at work, away again at12:30am for lunch, on line for whole evenings, maybe for reading or playing games. His buddy C is on line at10:00 am, still online till 2:00am next day. He is a boy who gets up late and stays up late. His buddy D is on line for the most of the day. However, the most important pattern is that there are 2-3 days per week, during which they would be offline or away for 3-4 hours together. Conclusion: they are playing together.

论翻译的创造性-最新文档资料

论翻译的创造性 、翻译的创造性 翻译不是一门简单的技术，而是一门艺术。之所以说它是一门艺 术，和翻译本身具有创造性是密不可分的。 翻译的创造性，是指译者在翻译的过程中，在透彻理解原文 的基础上，通过发扌车其主观能动性，对原文进行的创造性阐释和 再现。旨在通过最恰当的表达方式, 来再现原作中的精神内涵与 意境风貌。德国思想家本雅明曾写道: “翻译与其说是出自原作 之生命，不如说是出自其生命的延续。”。“译者的任务，就是 在自己的语言中，把纯语言从另一种语言的魔咒中释放出来。 是通过自己的再创造，将囚禁在作品中的语言解放出来。 翻译具有创造性，但是这种创造性翻译并不是对原文进行随 意的更改和延伸。翻译的创造性要始终以原作为依据。因此翻译 中的创造也是一种有局限性的创造。正如英国诗人莱德顿所比喻 的那样，文学翻译是“带着镣铐的舞蹈。” 二、翻译的创造性在语言转换中的体现 （一）词义的延伸 译者在翻译的过程中，常常会发现，有些词语在词典中的意 思放到另一种语言中，原封不动地照搬翻译过来, 放到具体语境中，会出现意思不通的情况。这时候就要求对英语某些词语的语义进行适度的延伸。如以下的情况: 例1：A personnel deficit has existed for years.

人员短缺的情况已经存在多年了。 名词deficit 在词典上意思是“赤字”，“亏损”或“逆差”。但放在上面的句子中，显得很生硬，读起来很拗口。因此在原意的基础上，进行了引申，在句中译为“短缺”。 例2：The man was lured to north London house and secretly filmed in a compromising position with the woman. 这位男子被（一女人）引诱到北部伦敦的一所房子里。他与这个女子在一起有卿卿我我之嫌的情景被人偷偷地拍录下来。 英语中单词compromise 常常可以作“妥协”，“损害”讲，也可以表示“放弃”，“改变”，“修正”，“修改”的意思。 但是现代英语中频频出现如compromising position 一类的表达，使译者不得不费一点思量了。将其译成“妥协的地位”，或者“损害人的地位”显然是行不通的。这样的翻译即便不使人误解，也常语焉不详。其实compromising 在现代英语中做形容词用，常表示人“处于或暴露在某种瓜田李下或不名誉的境况之中。”据此，译者可以根据具体语境大胆进行词义引伸。 二）语义的引申 由于英汉两种语言属于不同的语系，有很多的不同，因此在翻译的过程中，会出现很多的冲突，需要译者绞尽脑汁。译文要做到准确流畅， 可读性强，就要译者进行不地根据上下文的语境，进行意思上的调整。具体如下：

汉译英在线翻译句子

[标签:标题] 篇一：2015汉译英句子翻译(包括参考译文) 2015年汉译英综合练习 1. 她就是这样风里来，雨里去，成年累月地工作着。 This is how she carries on her work, rain or shine, all the year round. 2. 西湖如明镜，千峰凝翠，洞壑幽深，风光奇丽。 The West Lake is like a mirror, embellished all around with emerald hills and deep caves of enchanting beauty. 3. 但我就是这个脾气，虽然几经努力，却未能改变过来。 But it’s the way I am, and try as I might, I haven’t been able to change it. 4. 一踏上中华人民共和国国土，我们就随时随地地受到关怀和照顾。 From the moment we stepped into the People’s Republic of China, care and kindness surrounded us on every side. 5. 袭人道：“一百年还记得呢！比不得你，拿着我的话当耳边风，夜里说了，早起就忘了。”“I’ll remember it if I live to be a hundred!”said Aroma. “I am not like you, letting what I say go in at one ear and out at the other forgetting what’s said at night by the next morning.” 6. 要制造飞机，就必须仔细考虑空气阻力问题。 Air resistance must be given careful consideration when the aircraft is to be made. 7. 为什么总把这些麻烦事推给我呢？ Why should all the unpleasant jobs be pushed onto me? 8. 只有在我过于劳累，在我长时间无间断地工作，在我感到内心空虚，需要补充精神营养 的时候，我才感到寂寞。 I am lonely when I am overtired, when I have worked too long without a break, when for the time being I feel empty and need filling up. 9. 中国成功地爆炸了第一颗原子弹，在全世界引起了巨大的反响。 The successful explosion of the first atomic bomb in China caused great repercussions all over the world. 10. 我们应该实行国民经济信息化和科研成果产业化。 We should build an information-based national economy and apply scientific research achievements to industrial production. 11. 你说的倒轻巧，你也给我捧个奖杯回来。 You talk as if it were very simple. Why not try yourself and see if you can bring back a trophy, too? 12. 中国应该用实践向世界表明，中国反对霸权主义、强权政治、永不称霸。 China should show the world through actions that she is opposed to hegemonism and power politics and will never seek hegemony. 13. 中国明朝的著名旅行家徐霞客一生周游考察了16个省，足迹几乎遍布全国。 Xu Xiake, a great traveler in China’s Ming Dynasty, visited 16 provinces in his lifetime, leaving his footprints in nearly every corner of the country. 14. 阿Q将衣服摔在地上，吐一口唾沫，说：“这毛虫”！ Ah Q flung his jacket on the ground, spat, and swore, “Hairy worm!”

胡壮麟语言学术语英汉对照翻译表_(1)

胡壮麟语言学术语英汉对照翻译表 1. 语言的普遍特征： 任意性arbitrariness 双层结构duality 既由声音和意义结构 多产性productivity 移位性displacement:我们能用语言可以表达许多不在场的东西文化传播性cultural transmission 2。语言的功能： 传达信息功能informative 人济功能：interpersonal 行事功能：Performative 表情功能：Emotive 寒暄功能：Phatic 娱乐功能recreatinal 元语言功能metalingual 3. 语言学linguistics：包括六个分支 语音学Phonetics 音位学phonology 形态学Morphology 句法学syntax 语义学semantics

语用学pragmatics 4. 现代结构主义语言学创始人：Ferdinand de saussure 提出语言学中最重要的概念对之一：语言与言语language and parole ，语言之语言系统的整体，言语则只待某个个体在实际语言使用环境中说出的具体话语 5. 语法创始人：Noam Chomsky 提出概念语言能力与语言运用competence and performance 1. Which of the following statements can be used to describe displacement. one of the unique properties of language: a. we can easily teach our children to learn a certain language b. we can use both 'shu' and 'tree' to describe the same thing. c. we can u se language to refer to something not present d. we can produce sentences that have never been heard befor e. 2.What is the most important function of language? a. interpersonal b. phatic c. informative d.metallingual 3.The function of the sentence "A nice day, isn't it ?"is __ a informative b. phatic c. directive d. performative

功能语言学与翻译

功能语言学与翻译 一般说来，语言是一种有规则的系统结构，是一种代码。它由不同的成分组合而成，可用来表达语义。同时，语言又是一个用于交际的系统，可以运用不同的代码形式来指称具体的和抽象的东西，并可创造具有交际价值的信号。在翻译的过程中，有时译者不得不做出选择：一是放弃与语境息息相关的交际价值而保持形式上的等值；一是放弃与语境无关的纯语义等值而保持交际功能等值。这种选择事实上是在“逐词译”与“意译”之间做出的选择。从功能语言学的角度看，选择就是意义。对于译者来说，在做出选择之前，必须弄清楚翻译的目的，同时要明白哪些语言形式可以使预期的目的得以实现。在这一点上，Halliday 提出的功能语言学给我们提出了思考的切入点。 Halliday认为，从语言的使用角度看，情景语境中有三个因素最为重要，它们影响着我们的语言使用。这三个因素是：语场、语旨、语式。这三个因素是情景语境的组成部分，称为语域变体。语场指的是正在发生什么事，所进行的社会活动的性质、特点、语言所谈及或描述的是什么，透过动词类型、主动被动结构、过程参与者等得以体现。语旨指的是谁是交际者，他们的基本情况、特点、地位、角色、关系等，透过语气动词和副词，譬如“但愿”、“应该”、“可能”和评价词汇，譬如“可爱”、“恐怖”等予以体现。语式指的是语言在交际中所起的作用，包括交际渠道和修饰方式，透过语句结构和词汇的连贯方式予以体现。语场、语旨和语式跟语言三个纯理功能相互联系：语场体现了语言的概念功能，语旨体现了语言的人际功能，而语式则是语篇功能的具体体现。语篇功能是三大功能中的核心，它使语言与语境发生联系，使说话人只能生成与情景一致和相称的语篇。研究语篇必须联系其语境，因为在实际生活中，通常都是先有语境，才会有语篇。语境与语篇是互相依存的；特定的语境要求特定的语篇，特定的语篇创造了特定的语境。在交际过程中，语言的意义通常是根据语境来确定的。同一个语言单位在不同的语境中有不同的意义。 例如，要表示“要求某人关门”这一意义，在英语中可以说" Close the door." "Close the door, please.""Please close the door." "Can you close the door?" "Will you close the door?" "Would you please close the door?"等等。这些可能被选择的形式除了表示“要求某人关门”这一基本的概念意义外，