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外刊阅读-我们需要“捕捉碳”来应对气候变化

原文期刊：科学美国人原文标题：We Need to Capture Carbon to Fight Climate Change

本文选自2018年8月1日《科学美国人》一的篇文章。作者指出，面对气候变化的严峻挑战，政府和企业应积极利用CCUS技术，捕获、利用、储存碳，完成减碳目标。行文脉络：引出话题：应利用CCUS应对气候变化（第一、二段）——介绍CCUS的最新进展、必要性、益处（第三、四、五段）——CCUS 面临的反对及作者对此的反驳（第六段）——提出建议（第七段）。

【原文】

II ①The only way to make up ground is t o aggressively pursue an approach that takes advantage of every possible strategy to reduce emissions. ②The usual suspects, such as wind and solar energy and hydropower, are part of this effort, but it must also include investing heavily in carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS)—a cohort of technologies that pull carbon dioxide from smokestacks, or even from the air, and convert it into useful materials or store it underground.

the reductions needed to keep warming in check, the agency calculates.

V ①CCUS technologies can also help decarbonize emissions in heavy industry—including production of cement, refined metals and chemicals—which accounts for almost a quarter of U.S. emissions. ②In addition, direct carbon-removal technology—which captures and converts carbon dioxide from the air rather than from a smokestack—can offset emissions from industries that cannot readily implement other clean technology, such as agriculture.

VI ①The basic idea of carbon capture has faced a lot of o pposition.

②Skepticism has come from climate deniers, who see it as a waste of money, and from passionate supporters of climate action, who fear that it would be used to justify continued reliance on fossil fuels. ③Both groups are ignoring the recent advan ces and the opportunity they present. ④By limiting investment in decarbonization, the world will miss a major avenue for reducing emissions both in the electricity sector and in a variety of industries. ⑤CCUS can also create jobs and profits from what was previously only a waste material by creating a larger economy around carbon.

VII ①For CCUS to succeed, the federal government must kick in funding for basic research and development and offer incentives such as tax breaks for carbon polluters who adopt the technology. ②The Trump administration has repeatedly tried to slash energy technology R&D, with the Department of Energy's CCUS R&D cut by as much as 76 percent in proposed budgets. ③But this funding must be protected.

【词汇短语】

1.withdraw /w?e'dr??/ v. 撤退；收回

2.make up ground 追上；赶上

3.*smokestack /'sm??kst?k/ n. 烟囱，烟窗

4.suspect /?s?spekt/ n. 嫌疑人

5.hydropower /'ha?dr?pa??/ n. 水力发电

6.utilization /,ju?t?la?'ze???n/ n. 利用；使用

7.*cohort /'k??h??t/ n. 一群；队

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/e710496877.html,tch onto 紧抓

9.start-up 初创企业

10.*Celsius /'sels??s/ n. 摄氏度

11.*Fahrenheit /'f?r?n'ha?t/ n. 华氏温度

12.decarbonize /di?'kɑ?b?na?z/ v. 脱去…的碳

13.avenue /'?v?nu/ n. 途径；手段

14.kick in 开始生效

15.*slash /sl??/ v. 大幅度裁减或削减（注:标*号为超纲词）

【翻译点评】

I ①The conclusion of the Paris Agreement in 2015, in which almost every nation committed to reduce their carbon emissions, was supposed to be a turning point in the fight against climate change. ②But many countries have already fallen behind their goals, and the U.S. has now announced it will withdraw from the agreement. ③Meanwhile emissions worldwide continue to rise. 翻译：2015年通过的《巴黎协定》中，几乎每个国家都承诺减少碳排放，这本应成为应对气候变化的一个转折点。但许多国家早已落后于目标，美国现在宣布将退出协定。与此同时，全球温室气体排放持续上升。点评：段I引出话题——《巴黎协定》的排碳目标VS黯淡的排碳现实。①《巴黎协定》本应成为气候变化的转折点。②③转折（But）指出目前黯淡的排碳现实。

II ①The only way to make up ground is to aggressively pursue an approach that takes advantag e of every possible strategy to reduce emissions. ②The usual suspects, such as wind and solar energy and hydropower, are part of this effort, but it must also include investing heavily in carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS)—a cohort of technologies that pull carbon dioxide from smokestacks, or even from the air, and convert it into useful materials or store it underground. 翻译：赶上目标的唯一途径是积极采取一种方法，利用一切可能策略减少排放。常规途径,如风能、太阳能和水力发电，是这一努力

的一部分，但还必须要大举投资碳捕获、利用和储存(CCUS)——一组能够把二氧化碳从烟囱、甚至空气中提取出来，然后转换为有用材料或储存于地下的技术。点评：段II提出解决之道——常规途径和CCUS并行。①总述赶上目标的途径是减少碳排放。②具体说明解决之道：常规途径与CCUS并行。

III ①Although CCUS has been opposed as too expensive and unproved, recent gains have made it far more effective. ②Improvements such as chemical compounds that are more efficient at latching onto carbon could drive the cost down from $100 per ton of captured carbon in 2016 to $20 per ton by 2025, according to a 2016 article in Science. ③Start-ups are also developing new tactics, among them the transformation of trapped carbon into fertilizer, which could spur further savings. 翻译：尽管有人反对CCUS过于昂贵且未经证实，但最新进展已经使其更加有效。根据《科学》杂志2016年的一篇文章，一些改进，就可以在2025年之前把碳捕获成本从2016年的每吨100美元降至每吨20美元，比如能够更有效地吸附碳的化合物。初创企业也在开发新的策略，其中包括将捕获的碳转化为肥料，这可能会进一步刺激储蓄。点评：段III指出CCUS的最新进展。①总述CCUS已经取得有效进展。②③具体介绍CCUS的最新进展及其效用。

IV ①Without CCUS, the level of cuts needed to keep global warming to two degrees Celsius (3.6 degrees Fahrenheit)—the upper limit allowed in the Paris Agreement—probably cannot be achieved, according to the International Energy Agency. ②By 2050 carbon capt ure and storage must provide at least 13 percent of the reductions needed to keep warming in check, the agency calculates. 翻译：根据国际能源署，没有CCUS, 将全球变暖控制在2摄氏度（3.6华氏度）的减排幅度——《巴黎协定》允许的上限——可能无法实现。根据该机构的计算，到2050年，碳捕获和碳储存必须提供至少13%的减排量，以控制全球变暖。点评：段IV指出CCUS的必要性。①指出没有CCUS，减排计划就无法实现。②说明CCUS应提供的减排量。

V ①CCUS technologies can also help decarbonize emissions in heavy industry—including production of cement, refined metals and chemicals—

which accounts for almost a quarter of U.S. emissions. ②In addition, direct carbon-removal technology—which captures and converts carbon dioxide from the air rather than from a smokestack—can offset emissions from industries that cannot readily implement other clean technology, such as agriculture. 翻译：CCUS技术还可以帮助脱去重工业排放中的碳——包括水泥、精炼金属、化学品生产行业——这占据了美国几乎四分之一碳排放。此外，直接除碳技术——从空气而不是烟囱中捕捉、转换二氧化碳——可以抵消那些无法轻易实施其他清洁技术的行业的碳排放，比如农业。点评：段V指出CCUS 的益处。①CCUS可以脱去重工业排放中的碳。②CCUS可以抵消农业等无法实施清洁技术行业的碳排放。VI ①The basic idea of carbon capture has faced a lot of opposition. ②Skepticism has come from climate deniers, who see it as a waste of money, and from passionate supporters of climate action, who fear that it would be used to justify continued reliance on fossil fuels.

③Both groups are ignoring the recent advances and the opportunity they present. ④By limiting invest ment in decarbonization, the world will miss a major avenue for reducing emissions both in the electricity sector and in a variety of industries. ⑤CCUS can also create jobs and profits from what was previously only a waste material by creating a larger economy around carbon. 翻译：碳捕获的基本思想已面临诸多反对。怀疑主要来自气候变化否认者，这些人认为碳捕获是在浪费资金，以及气候行动的热情支持者，这些人害怕碳捕获会成为继续依赖化石燃料的理由。这两类人都忽视了CCUS的最新进展和带来的机会。通过限制对脱碳的投资，世界将错失一个在电力部门和各行业减少碳排放的主要途径。CCUS还可以通过创造一个更大的碳经济体来创造就业机会，并从以前仅是废弃物的材料中获利。点评：段VI 介绍CCUS面临的反对之声及作者的反驳。①②介绍CCUS反对者的观点。

③④⑤作者对反对者观点进行反驳。

Energy's CCUS R&D cut by as much as 76 percent in proposed budgets. ③But this funding must be protected. 翻译：CCUS 想要成功，联邦政府必须开始资助基础研究与开发，提供激励措施，比如给那些采用CCUS技术的碳污染者减税。特朗普政府已经多次试图削减能源技术研发方面的投资，美国能源部CCUS研发预算削减已高达76%。但这笔经费必须得到保护。点评：段VII提出建议——资助CCUS研发，鼓励企业采用CCUS技术。①②③对政府提出建议：应资助CCUS研发，对采用CCUS者减税，保障CCUS的研发经费。

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