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成人高考高起点《物理》练习题

(1)

1.同温同压下同体积的各种气体具有相同的分子数“这一著名假设，最先提出者是

A、波义尔(Boyle)

B、盖。吕萨克(Gay-Lussac)

C、道尔顿(Dalton)

D、阿伏加德罗(Avogadro)

2.对于实际气体，处于下列哪种情况时，其行为与理想气体相近?

A、高温高压;

B、高温低压;

C、低温高压;

D、低温低压。

3.若空气的组成是21.0%(体积)的O2 及79%的N2，大气压力为740 mmHg.那么O2 的分压力最接近的数值为

A、300 mmHg;

B、550 mmHg;

C、155 mmHg;

D、284mmHg.

4.通用摩尔气体常数R的取值是

A、82.06 L.atm.K-1.mol-1;

B、8.314 J.K-1.mol-1;

C、1.987 cal.atm.K-1.mol-1;

D、0.082 cal.K-1.mol-1.

5.当用压缩因子来讨论实际气体时，若Z>1则表示该气体

A、易于压缩;

B、不易压缩;

C、易于液化;

D、不易液化。

参考答案：

DBCBB

(2)

1.双参数普遍化压缩因子图的建立是基于

A、范德华方程;

B、理想气体状态方程;

C、对应状态原理;

D、不同物质的特征临界参数。

2.若某实际气体的体积小于同温同压同量的理想气体的体积，则其压缩因子Z应为

A、等于零;

B、等于1;

C、小于1;

D、大于1.

3.在范德华(van der Waals)方程式中，把实际气体作为理想气体处理时，应引入的校正因子的数目为

A、4 ;

B、3;

C、2 ;

D、1.

4.气体的压力可以用不同的单位表示。在换算中，与1 atm相当的哪个换算系数不对?

A、101325 Pa ;

B、1.01325 bar;

C、76 Torr;

D、760 mmHg.

5.在1 atm下，当1 L气体从0℃升温到273℃时，其体积将变为

A、2.5 L ;

B、2.0 L;

C、3.0 L;

D、0.5 L.

参考答案：

CCCCB

(3)

1.在0℃某气体1 mol占有体积为1 L，则其压力近似为D

A、1 atm;

B、76 mmHg;

C、273 atm;

D、22.4 atm.

2.对比温度是代表温度T和下列哪个温度的比值?A

A、临界温度TC;

B、沸腾温度Tb

C、波义尔温度TB;

D、273 K.

3.当物系的压力高于大气压力时，则应采用哪一式子?B

A、绝对压= 大气压-表压;

B、绝对压= 大气压+ 表压;

C、绝对压= 大气压-真空度;

D、绝对压= 大气压+ 真空度。

4.体系的下列各组物理量中都是状态函数的是：C

(A) T，p，Q ; (B) m，Qp，V ;

5.体系的下列各物理量中哪个不是状态函数。C

(A) H ; (B) G;

(4)

1. 下列各物理量中，哪一组皆属体系的强度性质?C

(A) H 、Vm (B) Cp 、T

2.热力学第一定律的数学表达式只适用于：B

(A) 理想气体(B) 封闭体系

3.工作在100 °C和25°C的两个大热源间的卡诺热机的效率为：A

(A) 20% (B) 25%

4.H2和O2在绝热的钢瓶中反应生成水，在该过程中B

(A) DH=0 (B) DU=0

5.反应H2(g)+O2(g)=H2O(g) 的恒压热效应为DH，则该反应热为：B

(A) H2(g)的燃烧热(B) H2O(g)的生成热

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