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英语特殊句式-倒装句,省略句,强调句

英语特殊句式-倒装句,省略句,强调句
英语特殊句式-倒装句,省略句,强调句

★特殊句式★

倒装(1)

一、倒装

倒装句可分下列三种:

(1) 动词 + 主词

(2) 助动词(do, does, did) + 主词 + 原形动词 (一般疑问句的句型)

(3) 助动词(will, can, should) + 主词 + 原形动词

(1) 否定字放句首

否定字 + ???+++原形动词

主词助动词主词动词be be 动词才能拿到主词前面,一般动词要在主词前面加助动词。

否定字就是从中文解释去判断其是否有否定的意思,Never 绝不,hardly 几乎不。

is never late for school.

=> Never is he late for school.

本句的late 是形容词,它跟在表示状态的be 动词后面。

否定字在句首的时候,后面要接倒装句。

He never goes to school late.

=> Never does he go to school late.

本句的late 是否次,它修饰一般动词goes 。

翻译:他上学从不迟到。 late 形容词和副词都是一样的写法,所以说上学不迟到有以上两种说法。

倒装句中,一般动词不能放在主词前面,主词前面只能用助动词且动词要变成原形。

rarely tells a joke.

=> Rarely does he tell a joke.

翻译:他很少说笑话。

rarely 是个否定的频率副词,表“很少的”。

have never seen such beautiful scenery.

=> Never have I seen such beautiful scenery.

翻译:我从来没有看到过如此美丽的景象。

have 在这里就是一个助动词,景象不可数不能在其前面加不定冠词a 或定冠词the 。 had hardly sat in the chair when someone knocked at the door.

hardly~when~ = scarcely~before~,表示“几乎不…”

翻译:我一刚要坐着椅子上就有人来敲门了。

=> Hardly had I sat in the chair when someone knocked at the door.

连接两个不同的时态用when 。

had no sooner reached his house than it began to rain.

=> No sooner had he reached his house than it began to rain.

翻译:他一回到家天就开始下雨。

No sooner ~ than ~ 表“然后~”,但不是then 哦。

(=>Under) no circumstances will I allow you to go there.

翻译:无论在任何情形下我都不允许你去那里的。

允许某人做某事:allow + O + to V,后面要用不定词。

not only draws illustrations but he also writes novels.

=> Not only does he draw illustrations but he also writes novels.

also 是副词,需要放在be 动词之后,一般动词之前。

Not only I but also you are coming to visit Mr. Chen.

翻译:不只是我连你也来拜访陈先生。

Not only ~ but also ~ ,是对等连接词,but 和also 是连在一起的,连接两个属性相同的对象。本句的but 是对等连接词,后面的also 是个副词可以省略,必须放在be 动词之后一般动词之前,

同时由于对等连接词前后的主词一样则后面的主词可以省略。

He not only draws illustrations but writes novels.

翻译:他不仅画插图还写小说。

did not know [(that) he was homesick until I talked to him].

homesick 思乡病,想家而生斌。

翻译:直到我跟她谈过之后,我才知道他患了思乡病。

这里只是普通的叙述没有强调先后的顺序就可以都只用过去式,而不用过去完成式。

=> Not until I talked to him did I know (that) he was homesick.

注意:Not 后面如果有until就要先接until 子句,再接主要子句,但是倒装的是主要子句而非until 子句。

重点:否定字后伴随着受词,则形成:否定字+受词+倒装句

had no hope at that time. => No hope did I have at that time.

翻译:在那个时候我不报任何希望了。

这个否定词不能单独存在,所以要和受词一起摆到句首,这里的had 是一般动词,需要加助动词。

father did not say a word.

=> Not a word did my father say.

Not 后面的say 是动词不是受词,所以它保留在主词后面,受词是具有名词特性的词,

倒装句是:助动词+ 主词+ 原形动词。

翻译:我父亲没说一句话。

red car I like very much, but this blue one I dislike.

That red car I like very much, but I dislike this blue one.

翻译:我喜欢那辆红色的车,我不喜欢这辆蓝色的。

注意:动词本身有否定的意思是没有倒装句的。

重点:only 在意义上近乎否定字,故可以放在句首,其后接倒装句

我身上没有什么钱,只有这些了。表示真的有不多,几乎没有的样子。

1.只有在紧急时才能使用此出口。

Only in case of emergency can we use this exit.

讲话的话总主词包含自己和大家的话可以用we ,大家都要注意。

2.只有下雨时才觉得凉爽一些。

Only when it rains do you feel cool.

倒装句:助动词+ 主词+ 原形动词

倒装(2)

Only 在意思上近似于否定,“我没什么钱,只有两块。”

重点:Only if + 副词子句(条件句),倒装句……(只要)

If only + 假设句(要是……就好了)

Only if 只要你能达到某种条件,倒装句不在副词句子,没有连接词的引导那个叫主要子句,主要子句是不需要引导的,例如人家到你家去做客,人家要上洗手间当然你带路了,

作为主人是不需要别人来引导的。Only if 放句首的时候只需要将主要子句倒装即可。

if you pass the examination and become a college student, will I accept you as a friend.

翻译:只要你能考上大学成为大学生,我就帮你当做是我的朋友。

逗号后面的就是不需要引导词引导的主要子句,only if 是前面副词子句的引导词。

only I had money, I could buy some new clothes.

翻译:要是我有钱的话,我就可以买很多新衣服了。

实际上我并没有钱,与现在事实相反(整句都)用过去式,事实上是:

Because I don’t have money, I can’t buy any clothes.

翻译:因为我没有钱,所以我买不起衣服。

only he had arrived in time.

翻译:要是那个时候他及时赶到就好了。

(2) 表示方向或场所的副词放句首

注意:如果主词是代名词的话副词后面的句子就不用倒装。

(方向,场所)副词 + ???++)

V ,beV ()()()V ,(一般动词代名词主词名词主词一般动词beV 注意否定字在句首的时候一般动词是不能放在主词前面的,但是在这里却可以。

teacher comes here.

=> Here comes the teacher.

=> Here she comes.

老外在讲话的时候都会将地方副词放在前面。

翻译:老师来了。

=> Here comes your dog.

=> Here it comes.

翻译:你的狗狗来了。

You are here.

翻译:你来了。

=> Here you are.

同时也是“给你”的意思,you 就代表了你要的东西,你要的东西在这里。

shower of stones came over the wall.

=> Over the wall came a shower of stone.

Over 是在上面腾空而过。

翻译:像阵雨一般的石头丢过围墙。

(3) 程度副词放句首

你好可爱。你非常可爱。这个“非常”就是一种程度。

程度副词 + ?

??+++原形动词主词助动词主词动词be

remember well the promise (which) you made last year.

=> Well do I remember the promise you made last year.

翻译:我清楚地记得你去年许下的承诺。 副词不是一个句子的主要元素,所以它的位置是很活泼的,它可以根据我们的需要灵活的放置。 如果写成:I remember the promise well. 后面又想跟promise 的补语,

这样读者就会迷惑,到底是“我记得很清楚”还是“你承诺得很好。”, 为了让promise 的补语紧随其后就将well 放在其前面,动词的后面。

作“…的”解释的在英文中就是形容词,一个字的形容词在名词前,多个字的在其后。

重点:so~that~(如此…以至于) ,such~that~ 也可以改成倒装句

so “如此的”也是程度副词。

is so beautiful that I am head over heels in love with her.

翻译:Amily 如此美丽,我深深爱上她了。

head over heels 倒栽葱,头到脚跟的地方表示彻底的,深深地,完全的。

=> So beautiful is Amily that I am head over heels in love with her.

So 是将强beautiful 形容词的程度它俩不能分开,之前的well 没有修饰形容词。

was such a boring lecture that half the students fell asleep.

=> Such a boring lecture was it that half the students fell asleep.

翻译:真是一堂无聊的课程,半数的学生都睡着了。

Such 不是副词,所以它后面不能直接跟形容词,需要加个冠词a 。

Such ~ that ~ 和so ~ that ~ 解释差不多,所以它也可以形成倒装。

不用such ,用so 也是可以代换的,

=> So boring a lecture was it that half the students fell asleep.

a boring lecture 是个片语,把它看成一个整体中间不可以再插入任何单字,

就像个魔方一样转来转去还是那几块,位置改变但不会多东西也不会少。

Amily 是如此美丽的女孩。

So beautiful a girl is Amily.

Such a beautiful girl is Amily.

倒装(3)、强调(1)

(4) 补语放在句首

补语+ be动词+ 主词(名词) 注意这里是不需要助动词的。

我是xxx。这里的xxx 就是补语。这个蛋糕看起来很好吃。“看起来…”就是连缀动词。

英文里面be 动词(是…)和连缀动词(看起来…)后面要跟补语。参看五大句型的第二句型。

I am a girl.

I love a girl.

am 后面的a girl 是补充说明I 的所以是补语,love 后面是另一个人a girl 接受动作的对象是一般动词的受词。

county [that has no war] is happy.

that 在这里是关系代名词,修饰的是the country ,本来这个句子有两句话的。

The country is happy. The county has no war.

翻译:没有战争的国家是快乐的。

中文的形容词永远在名词前面。

=> Happy is the country that has no war.

sound of the bell grew faint.

翻译:钟声慢慢变小了,慢慢消失了。

=> Faint grew the sound of the bell.

这里是不需要助动词的,grew 是连缀动词,“渐渐变得…”,直接跟在形容词后面形成倒装即可。

注意:此句型中,若主词为代名词,则不用倒装句

此句型和地方副词放句首的极为相似。

is happy. => Happy he is.

are right. => Right you are.

翻译:你是对的。

(5) so ,neither ,nor 开始的句子

so, neither, nor + ???++主词

助动词主词动词be 这里的so 解释成“也…”表示附和,neither 、nor 表示“也不…”,含有否定含义是否定字。

spent the whole evening watching TV, and her sister did, too.

翻译:Amy 整个晚上都在看电视,她姐姐也是。 花时间,花钱都是用spend ,后面再接动词的时候就要用Ving 形式。

注意前面Amy 后面用的是一般动词,所以后面her sister 得用did 助动词代替重复的动作。 Amy spent the whole evening watching TV, and so did her sister.

so 后面的did 即使助动词同时也代替了之前提到的动作。

don ’t feel like eating any more, and I don’t either.

肯定句中用too ,否定句中就用either 而且要看到not 。

You don ’t feel like eating any more, and neither(=>nor) do I.

本身含有否定的否定字后面不能再出现not 。

You don ’t feel like eating any more, and me, either. 以上是很口语化的一句话,表示否定的,如果是Me, too. 的话则表肯定,所以too/either 是不需要倒装的。

注意:下列句子的意思和上列不同。

It is getting dark in this room.

翻译:这个房间的光线渐渐暗了。

=> So is that room.

翻译:那个房间也是。 => So it is.

翻译:没错。(表示对你刚刚说的肯定。)

So 后面没有倒转不能表示“…也是…”。

二、强调

特别加强句中某字词的意义者称为强调。

你可以很平淡的介绍,亦可以强调句子中的某部分。例如:

昨天晚上我和Jack 去看了场电影。

你可以强调在“昨天晚上”,“和Jack 去”,“看电影”,都有不同的侧重点。

(1) It beV 强调部分(不可用动词、形容词) that(不可省略) 剩余部分~

My father caught a carp in this river last week.

翻译:我父亲上周在这条河里抓了一条鲤鱼。

=> It was my father that(=>who) caught a carp in this river last week.

强调抓到鲤鱼的是我的父亲。

话总不能说成,“上周这条河里有条鲤鱼就是给我爸爸抓的。”

这样来强调“抓”这个动作吧,所以不能强调动词。

=> It was a carp that(=>which) my father caught in this river last week.

强调抓到的是一条鲤鱼。

=> It was in this river that(=>where) my father caught a carp last week.

强调抓到鲤鱼是在这条河里。

=> It was last week that(=>when) my father caught a carp in this river.

强调抓到鲤鱼发生在上个星期。

(2) 助动词,形容词,副词的强调

a. 强调动词=> do,does,did

I love you.

I really love you.

I do love you.

第二、三句都是有表示加强的语气,动词前面加个do 就可以强调该动词。

feel free to call me at any time.

Do 开头如果是肯定句的时候它的作用是强调动作。

翻译:在任何时间打电话给我都不要觉得有顾虑,想打就打。/ 不要客气,任何时间都可以打给我。

rarely speaks at our meeting, but when she does speak, she is always to the point.

翻译:她很少在会上发言,但是只要她一开口往往都会讲到重点,一针见血。

to the point 是切题,beside the point 是离题。

b. 强调名词=> 反身代名词或very(正是…)

is the very spot where I found the purse.

翻译:这里(正)是我找到钱包的确实地点。

Very 可以强调名词,表示正是这个东西,做形容词用。

is happiness itself.

=> He is very happy.

=> He is all happiness.

强调名词的时候可以在其后用反身代名词,或在其前加上all 如all happiness 。

c. 强调形容词或副词

i 原级:very,so,awfully,highly,terribly,dreadfully

ii 比较级:much,even,a lot,far,still

iii 最高级:much,far and away, by far, possible

possible 尽我所能,最大程度,所以是最高级。

It flys high.

翻译:它飞得很高。

这里的high 是副词(表程度)修饰flys,不可以用highly ,它是very 的意思,副词的章节有提到。

I am much taller than you.

翻译:我比你高得多了。

比较级用much 。

dog is terribly smart.

这里的terribly 是very 的意思。

翻译:这只狗很聪明。

question was much easier than I had thought.

翻译:这道题比我想的容易很多。

在我还没有碰到这个问题的时候我以为它很难,所以想的动作在碰到问题之前,先前的动作用过去完成式。

强调(2)、省略(1)

’s much the best plan.

注意:plane 才是飞机,plan 是计划。

翻译:那是最好的计划。

much 可以不说,但是加上之后就表示“好得不得了”。

=> That’s the very best plan.

注意:very 和much 的位置不同,much 要在形容词前面,very 在the 和最高级中间。

are selling computers at the lowest possible prices at that store.

翻译:他们正在以最低的价格出售电脑。

possible 是最最最的意思,尽最大可能,在这里强调the lowest,通常放在名词前面,

但是在anything,everything,something,anybody,somebody,everybody 要摆在其后。

I’ll do everything to help you.

I’ll do everything possible to help you.

翻译:我会做任何一件事情来帮你。只要我做得到的我会尽最大可能来帮你。

注意:物品的贵贱和价格高低的区别。

The jacket is very cheap.

翻译:这件夹克好便宜哦。

但是如果说成“这件夹克的价格好便宜哦”,就应该这样表示:

The price of the jacket is very low.

如果没有提及价格price 直接用cheap/expensive (便宜/昂贵),提及了price 只能用low/high 表示价格的高低。

(3) 疑问词的强调

on earth is calling at this hour

翻译:到底是谁在这个时候打电话给我

翻译2:谁他妈的这个时候打过来

in the world did you mean by that

翻译:你那样说到底是什么意思呀

by that 表示通过那样的方式。

在口语经常用到,但是确实比较粗鲁的说法,不太推荐。

注意,口语中也有用the hell,the devil,the deuce 等用来强调,都是不好的意思。

(4) 否定句的强调

will never make such a mistake again.

=> Never again will we make such a mistake.

强调否定就可以将否定词放到句首,然后再将句子倒装。

again 再一次,程度副词可以放句首倒装,所以可以和否定字一起拿到句首。

翻译:我们不会再次犯这样的错误了。

强调的是“不再”和“犯错”。

dress does not suit her at all.

在助动词后面的suit 明显就是个动词,表示“适合”。

翻译:这件洋装一点也不适合她。

注意:at all 也可以强调疑问句或条件句。

you fallow/take the doctor’s advice at all

翻译:你究竟有没有遵照医生的忠告

you learn English at all, learn it well.

翻译:既然你要学英文,就把它学好吧。

注意:否定的强调,可将否定字放句首,或用at all 。

far from, in the least, by no means(绝非…), anything but(绝不是…) 等。

is not a liar at all.

=> He is far from a liar.

离骗子差远了,说明不是个骗子。如果假动作太假就不是假动作了。

=> He is not in the least a liar.

用最低标准来看他都不是个骗子,他根本不是骗子。

=> He is by no means a liar.

翻译:他绝非骗子。

=> He is anything but a liar.

他可以是任何的东西,各种状况,但是除了骗子。

翻译:他绝对不是骗子。

He is no(=>not a) liar.

用no 的语气比较强烈。

(5) 字词重复的强调

waited for hours and hours.

翻译:我左等右等,等了好几个小时。

read the romantic letter aloud again and again / over and over (again).

如果是现在式,主词是he 三单动词得用reads,所以本句是过去式,read 是三态同型。

翻译:他一再大声地朗读那封情书。

(6) 其他强调

is the most beautiful girl that I’v ever seen.

翻译:她是我曾经看过的最美丽的女孩。

用ever 曾经来强调。

(=>The thing which) surprised me was her scream.

当what 用文法的角度和翻译的角度都不能解释成“什么”的时候,可将what 替换成the thing which 。

翻译:最让我感到讶异的是她的尖叫声。

关系代名词which 引导的是形容词子句,修饰the thing 。

first thing to remember is not to criticize anyone.

首先要做的事情就是被强调成最重要的事情,首要之物,当务之急。

to remember 这个不定词是thing 的形容词,多于一个字的形容词在名词后面。

动词改成形容词的其中一个方法就是在前面加to 用不定词。

翻译:首先要去做的事情是不要去批评任何人。

(you have to do) is study hard.

先行词为all 的时候通常会省略一个受格关系代名词that ,固定的all 只能用that 做关代,完整是这样:

All that (you have to do) is study hard.

中间藏了个子句you have to do ,注意:如果这句话的is 改成was 那么子句的have 要改成had,

时态一致。

All (you had to do) was study hard.

本句的study 是原形不定词,它是动词,但是没有对应的主词,

所以换个名称叫“原形不定词”,be 动词后可用形容词。

All I had to do is dream.

翻译:我所要做的事情就是做梦。

这里的dream 也是be 动词后面的原形不定词。

注意:All I have to do is get on the Internet.

换种说法:All I can/could do is get on the Internet.

=> What I have to do is get on the Internet.

先行词是all 时必须用that ,同时all that = what = the thing which ,都还是一种强调句。

=> The only thing (that) I have to do is surf the Internet.

=> The first thing (that) I have to do is surf the Internet.

受格的关代that 都被省略掉了。

上网的两种说法,get on the Internet / surf the Internet 。

翻译:我要做的事情就是上网。

强调就是你要表达一个强烈的情绪。

三、省略

(1) 词类的省略

当你把一个语言讲到比较熟练的时候,你听对方讲话会很简单,但是同时也能完整的表达。

省略的东西无非是和前面的重复了,或大家都知道的东西,此时无声胜有声。

祈使句Stand Up! 对着我前面的人说,省略了主语。

bought a bunch of flowers on my way home from my uncle’s ^(house/home).

翻译:我在从叔叔那回家的路上买了一束花。

中文也不会讲“从叔叔家回家”,当所有格的后面是一个大家都知道的地点的时候可省略。Let’s go to McDonald’s ^(fast food restaurant).

翻译:我们去麦当劳吧。

大家都知道麦当劳是速食餐厅,所以不用把话说得太完整,但是已经要记得“’s”。

girls were brave, but the boys were not ^(brave).

翻译:女孩们都很勇敢,但是男孩们则不。

ate a hamburger, and I ^(ate) French fries.

翻译:Cathy 吃了一个汉堡,而我吃了薯条。

中文我们也常说:他吃饺子,我老友面。

may go home now if you want to ^(go home).

注意省略两个原则:重复或大家都知道的事。所以,这里不可能是“如果你要上厕所回家去上”,

肥水不流外人田。

翻译:如果你想要回家那么就回去吧。

she said made him happy, but ^(what she said made) me disappointed.

What 不能翻译成“什么”的时候,what = all that = the thing which 。

翻译:她对他说的事情让他很快乐,但让我们很失望。

him 和me 都是受词,都在动词的后面,所以省略的东西一定是前面重复的。

like her better that ^(I like) him.

翻译:我喜欢她胜于(我喜欢)他。

I like her better that he ^(like her).

翻译:我比他更喜欢她。

不同的格,就是不同的环境,不同的环境就有不同的表象。

省略(2)

沟通的时候都会有前言后语,所以有了内容的环境才能不被省略所迷惑。

some life is pleasure, to others ^(life is) suffering.

翻译:对有些人来说生活是美好的,对有些人来说生活是遭受苦难的。

is rich, but his uncle is twice as rich ^(as he).

翻译:他很富有,但是他的叔叔是他的两倍。

as…as…,第一个as 是“一样”,第二个as 是“像”。

had no difficulty ^(in) finding his house.

在什么方面有困难用difficulty…in…。

翻译:我寻找他家的时候没遇到什么困难。

10.^(It) Sounds great.

这里的动词用了三单形式可见不是一个祈使句,祈使句是用动词的原型开头。

翻译:听起来不错。

Smells good.

翻译:闻起来好香哦。

11.^(I) Don’t know what to say.

翻译:我不知道该说什么。(提及自己的感受)

如果是“你不知道说什么”,这个会有个疑问的意思,这里是句号是肯定句所以主词应该是I 。

12.^(He/She) Doesn’t look very well.

翻译:他看起来不太好。

(2) 从属子句的主词及主要子句的主词相同时,则省略。

如果主词被省略之后动词有时候会一并省略掉。注意,主要子句是不会被省略东西的。

^(they were) in school they were good friends.

翻译:当他们在学校的时候就是好朋友了。

^(you are) in Rome, do as the Romans do.

翻译:当在罗马的时候你的表现要跟罗马人一样。入乡随俗。入境随俗。

听说话的人是第二人称,说话中提及的人是第三人称。

原形动词开头,逗号后面是祈使句。

^(he is) poor, he is an honest man.

翻译:虽然他穷,但是他是个诚实的人。

^(meat is) put in the refrigerator, meat will keep for a week.

这里肉类是被放入冰箱,主词是meat ,主词都不见了动词在这里可以一并省略。

翻译:肉类放入冰箱将可以保鲜一周。

注意:if 之后所省略的主词及动词,可能和主要子句不同。

从属子句的主词和动词与主要子句的不一样时也有可省略的可能。

point out the mistakes if ^(there are) any ^(mistake).

翻译:如果有任何错误请把它指出来。

前面说“请指出”,存在才能指出,所以there are 已经包含在point out the mistakes 。

’d like to see you off if ^(it is) possible.

翻译:如果可能的话我想为你送行。

it 表示讲话者和听话者都知道的那件事。

(3) 感叹句中的主词及动词省略

careless ^(it is/was) of you to lose/lost your wallet.

It is careless of you to lose your wallet.

翻译:你弄丢了皮夹真是太粗心了。

a pity ^(it is/was) that you can’t/couldn’t come with us.

It is a pity that you can’t come with us.

翻译:你不能和我一起去真可惜。

注意pity 是个名词不是形容词,所以前面要加上个不定冠词a 。

如果说“太可惜了!”可以用Too bad.

注意:感叹句中的形容词或副词有时可省略。

(hard) it rains / rained !

翻译:雨下得好大呀。

只有雨大的时候你才会发出感叹,大家都知道所以可以省略hard 。

a (wonderful / terrible) day !

语言还要配上表情和语气、音调、肢体动作,这样相反的两个词人家也会判断出到底是哪个。

翻译:多棒的一天呀!/ 多糟糕的一天……

(4) 关系词的省略

受格的关系代名词是可以省略的。参阅《关系词》章节。

this the key [^(which) you are looking for]

翻译:这把是你正在找的钥匙吗

修饰key 这个名词同时有主词动词,所以是个形容词子句。

looking for 后面如果是分开两个句子的话还有个the key ,但是现在用了关代the key 就被代换了。

visited the village ^(which) my parents were born (in).

翻译:我访问了那个我父母出生的村落。

I visited the village. My parents were born in the village.

受格关代后面有介系词的时候可以将介系词拿到关代前面,这样省略的时候可以一并省去。

I visited the village ^(in which) my parents were born.

同时in which = where 。

I visited the village ^(where) my parents were born.

are the languages ^(which are) spoken in Canada

先行词是没有生命的东西用which ,这里的which 引导的是形容词子句修饰languages 。

翻译:在加拿大所说的语言是哪些

形容词子句修饰名词,分词也有形容词的特性,所以这里的spoken 也可以修饰名词。

which 指的是languages 省略,are 在这里没有实际的解释也省略,只留后面的spoken 修饰languages 。

(5) 连接词that 的省略

a. 连接词连接两个that 子句时,第一个子句的that 可省,第二个that 不可省。said (that) his brother was out, but that his sister was home.

翻译:他说他的哥哥不在家,但他说他妹妹在家。

实际上He said是两句话:

He said that his brother was out. He said that his sister was home.

第一个子句的that 可以省略,第二个子句离主要子句太远为了避免误会that 作为受词的依据不能省略。

如果第二个子句的that 省略,则his sister was home. 就不再是He said 的受词,but 连接两个对等的子句,

不再是从属的子句并且整个句子的意思也会改变,听的人会以为“他说他哥哥不在家,但实际上

他哥哥在家。”

省略(3)、插入、同位语

told his wife (that) he had bought the lottery and that they could go to Europe in the near future.

对等连接词and 连接两个that 引导的名词子句做mike told的受词并属于SVO(人)O(事物) 句型的第二个受词。

翻译:迈克尔告诉他妻子说,他买了乐透彩票并且他们很快就可以去欧洲玩了。(人类因梦想而伟大)

注意时态,购买乐透是在他告诉老婆之前,所以是过去的过去用过去完成式。

第二个that 由于离主要子句太远了,为了避免歧义第二个that 是不能省略的。

如果省略的话句子会变成:迈克尔告诉他老婆他买了乐透,他们将要去欧洲玩。

本来都是Mike 说的两件事省略第二个that 之后,Mike 只说了一件事,另一件变成了旁白陈述。

b. that 引导的名词子句在say, hope, wish, know, explain, believe 等动词之后常省略。

并不是所有动词后面的that 或所有连接词后面的that 都可以省略。

girlfriend doesn’t know (that) I’m going to give her a big surprise.

翻译:我的女朋友不知道我将要给她一个大惊喜。

believe (that) he is a great scholar.

翻译:我相信他是个伟大的学者。

That I love you is true.

这里的that 不能省略,that 和动词is 中间这部分被圈成了一个整体当主词使用。

翻译:我爱你(这件事)是真的。(不要怀疑哦,呵呵^^)

如果省略了that 这句话就会有两个动词,love 和is 这是不允许的,在没连接词时只能有一个动词和一个主词。

c. that 子句若接在表“建议,要求,命令”等意义的动词之后,that 不可省,但句中的should 可省。

注意,表示一种责任的时候should 可省略但是并不表示不存在,所以后面的动词还是用原形。表示“建议,要求,命令”这三类的动词后面that 是不能省略的。

suggested that Jack (should) finish the work as soon as possible.

翻译:我建议Jack 应该尽快完成这个工作。

insisted that the meeting (should) be adjourned till tomorrow.

翻译:他坚持会议(被)延期到明天。

这里的“坚持”也有“建议,要求”的意思,所以后面的that 不可省略,但是should 可以省略。

(6) 广告,告示,新闻标题等的省略

标题只需要将主要的东西写出来即可。

FOR SALE.

翻译:房屋出售。

The house is for sale.

Closed.

翻译:此路不通。

The road is closed.

Arrested in Chicago.

翻译:绑匪在芝加哥被捕。

The kidnapper was arrested in Chicago.

四、插入

插入的目的是为了整句话能更加清楚地交代自己的想法,意见。

注意整个句子不用插入的部分也是完整的哦。

(1) 字的插入

son, fortunately, was rescued from the burning house.

整句话不加fortunately 也是可以的。

His son was rescued from the burning house.

翻译:他的儿子(很幸运的)从失火的房子当中被救了出来。

Fortunately, his son was rescued from the burning house.

is, undoubtedly, an able secretary.

She is an able secretary.

翻译:她(无疑的)是一个很有能力的秘书。

形容词+ly 变成了副词。

Undoubtedly, she is an able secretary.

was very tired, nevertheless, she went to work as usual.

nevertheless “然而”,和前面的副词功能一样,同时它还是一个副词连接词,可以连接两个句子。

翻译:她很累,但是,她还和往常一样去工作。

(2) 片语插入

is, after all, due to his misunderstanding.

It is due to his misunderstanding.

翻译:(毕竟)这整件事情都是由于他的误解。

after all 解释成“毕竟”。

in this boutique, in my opinion, are overpriced.

Clothes in this boutique are overpriced.

翻译:在这件精品店里的衣服(我觉得)价格过高。

’s rude, bad-tempered and conceited - in short, he’s a very unpleasant man.

in short 就是简而言之,简单说来,在插入的字或句当中可以用逗点或破折号。

翻译:他很粗鲁,脾气坏,狂妄,(简而言之)他是个不快乐的人。

seldom, if ever, goes to the movies by herself.

翻译:她很少(如果有的话)自己一个人去看电影。

if ever 表“如果有的话”,在seldom 后面表“如果有的话也是很少”。

was cold, and what was worse(=> to make matters worse), it began to rain.

翻译:天气很冷,(更糟糕的是)它开始下起雨来。

在插入句中what was 有主词和动词所以得加个连接词and 。

(3) 子句的插入

thought he would get better, but as it is, he is getting worse.

翻译:我以为他会好起来,(但是事实上他的状况),他变得更糟糕了。

is, as it were(=> so to speak), a walking dictionary.

翻译:他是个(所谓的)活字典。

明明是it 作词却用were 动词,类似于假设,实际上他并不是字典,与现在事实相反用过去式。

in this river, as far as I know, is prohibited.

翻译:在这条河里钓鱼(据我所知)是被禁止的。

ought to be done, I agree. It’s worth thinking about.

翻译:应该要做点事情吧(我同意)。这是值得思考的事情。

I agree 这里表示本人的意见,整句话更完整了,意思更清楚地表达。

much exercise, I think, is bad for your health.

翻译:过多的运动(我认为)对你的健康不好。

I think (that) too much exercise is bad for your health.

翻译:我认为过多的运动会有害你的健康。

, as you know, is one of the greatest artists in the world.

翻译:Picasso(正如你所知道的)是世界上最伟大的艺术家之一。

五、同位语

同位语实际上也是插入的一部分但是更强调地位相同。

best friend Lisa is a nurse.

翻译:她最好的朋友Lisa 是个护士。

friend 和Lisa 表示的对象是同一个,在名词或代名词后面表示的还是同一个对象的时候就叫同位语。

和插入不同,插入的东西有独立的意思表示一种独立的看法,某一个补充的东西,和前后都没有相关(非要不可)。

Her best friend and Lisa are a nurses.

翻译:她最好的朋友和Lisa 都是护士。

这里说的就是两个不同的人,注意用复数。

Her best friend, Lisa, is a nurse.

注意,如果后面的同位语是名字的话我们会将前后的逗号省略。

You students have to study hard.

翻译:你们做学生的应该要用功读书。

拆开:1、你们应该要用功读书。2、学生应该要用功读书。

you 和students 都是指同一个对象,属于同位语。

, a friend of mine, graduated from Oxford University.

翻译:我有一个朋友Carter 毕业于牛津大学。

a friend of mine 指的还是Carter ,同位语都是放在名词的后面。

比较长的片语放在句子中间时习惯在其前后都加上逗号,如果是一个字例如名字就可以省略逗号了。

不只有名词才有同位语哦。

was born and raised in the city of New York.

这里the city 和of New York 就是同位语。

翻译:她在纽约出生和长大。

question (whether he would agree with us) was discussed.

翻译:他是否会同意的这个问题我们已经讨论过了。

The question 和whether 引导的子句指的都是同一个问题,属于同位语。

is a fiddle, or a violin.

这里的or 表示“也就是…”。

翻译:这个把fiddle,也就是一把小提琴。

came home two hours later than usual, that is (to say) about nine o’clock.

翻译:他今天比平常晚了两个小时回家,也就是九点的时候。

He came home at about nine o’clock.

翻译:他九点钟回家。

晚了两个小时的那个时间点和九点钟是同一个时刻所以它们是一对同位语。

of us knew the fact [that she was trying to conceal the scandal].

翻译:所有人都知道她试着隐瞒这个丑闻的事实。

the fact 和that 引导的子句都只指同一个东西,就是“隐瞒了丑闻”,等同于如下句子。All of us knew that she was trying to conceal the scandal.

翻译:所有人都知道她试着隐瞒这个丑闻。

注意:

All of us knew the fact [that she was trying to conceal].

翻译:我们所有人都知道她试图隐瞒的事实。

分成两句话:

All of us knew the fact.

She was trying to conceal the fact.

that 引导的是形容词子句,修饰the fact,大家知道的事实就是她想隐瞒的。

这里只有that 指的是fact,而上一句是整个that 子句都指的是fact 。

初中英语倒装句综合讲解

初中英语倒装句 英语句子通常有两种语序:一种主语在前,谓语在后,称为自然语序,另一种谓语在前,主语在后,称为倒装语序,按“主语+ 谓语” 这种顺序排列的句子是陈述语序。如果排列顺序变为“谓语(或谓语一部分)+主语”,就是倒装。之所以出现倒装,一方面是因为语法结构的需要,另一方面为了强调,有时两种原因兼有之。倒装句分为部分倒装和全部倒装。以下就分别讲述这两种倒装的用法。如果遇到一句,不知道使用全部倒装还是部分倒装的话,我们主要主要看其标志性的词语。 一、部分倒装 就是把谓语中的be动词、助动词或情态动词置于主语前面。常见于下列几种情况: (一). only所修饰的副词,介词短语或状语从句放在句首时,要用: only+ 状语+ be /助动词/情态动词+主语及其他 Only when he told me the news did I know what had happened. Only in this way can you make progress in your English. Only through education can we rise in the world. 注意:only修饰主语时,不需要倒装。 1. Only in this way ________to make improvement in the operating system. A. you can hope B. you did hope C. can you hope D. did you hope 2.Among all the people, only you know the truth. (二).含有否定意义的副词或连词放在句首时。如:never, little, seldom, not, not only, not until, no sooner (…than), hardly (…when), rarely, scarcely, in no way等。 We seldom get up at four in the morning. = Seldom do we get up at four in the morning. Not a single word from him could express his feelings. Rarely have I heard of such a silly thing. (1) hardly…when; scarcely…when…; no sooner…than… 可以用正常语序had hardly done when… did 或用倒装句式Hardly had + 主语+ done when… did 句式。hardly所在的句子用过去完成时。 The bell hardly had rung when the class began. = Hardly had the bell rung when the class began. No sooner had he arrived in Beijing than he began to work. (2) not only… but also 如连接两个成分时,不用倒装;连接句子时,前面的句子要用倒装。

(完整版)初中英语倒装句讲解及练习

倒装句 倒装练习题 7. _____, you can’t lift yourself up. A. Even you’re strong B. Strong as you are C. How strong you are D. In spite you’re strong 8. So carelessly ________that he almost killed himself. A. he drives B. he drove C. does he drive D. did he drive 9. Early in the day ____the news _____the enemy were gone. A. come; that B. came; that C. comes; that D. came; what 10. Only when you realize the importance of foreign languages_____ them well. A. you can learn B. can you learn C. you learned D. did you learn 11. Only after liberation _____ to be treated as human beings. did they begin B. they had begun C. they did begin D. had they begun 12. Not only ____ to stay at home, but he was also forbidden to see his friends. A. he was forcing B. he was forced C. was he forcing D. was he forced 13. Not until his father was out of prison____ to school.

英语中常见的倒装结构

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