人教版高中英语必修3Unit3知识点详解

Part 1. Warming up

1.He was brought up in Hannibal，Missouri，along the Mississippi River.他在密西西比河边的密苏里州的汉尼拔长大。

bring up 抚养；培养；呕吐；教育；提出

He left her to bring up the three young children on her own.(抚养)

I shall bring up this question at the next meeting. (提出)

He was so sick that he brought up everything.(呕吐)

In my day, children were brought up to respect the law. (教育)

拓展：bring about 引起；致使；造成；达成

bring along/on 带来

bring back 使记起；归还；恢复

bring down 使减低；降低；挫伤(傲气)

bring forth 产生；产出；生产

bring forward 提出；出示；展示

bring out 揭露；显示，解释；出版

bring to (oneself) 使复苏

bring in 引进；引来；赚得

巧学助记：The plan he brought up has brought down the cost of production and brought in a lot of profit,which brought the company back to life.他提出的方案降低了成本，带来了大量利润，使公司恢复了生机。

①Can you make a sentence to bring out the meaning of the phrase?你能造个句子来讲清楚这个短语的意思吗？

②The fine weather is bringing the crops on nicely.这样的好天气使庄稼更加茁壮成长。

④The photographs brought back many pleasant memories.那些照片给人带来很多美好的回忆。

⑤Science and technology has brought about many changes in our lives.科学技术给我们生活带来了诸多变化。

⑥He made every effort to bring down the cost of living.他竭力降低生活费用。

2.He is known for his novels set in his boyhood world on the river,…

be set in 以。。。为背景

set about doing sth.开始做某事set aside 留出set off动身；使爆炸

set out 出发；着手做set down记下；放下

Part 2. Pre-reading, reading and comprehending

1．scene n. (戏剧)一场；现场；场面；景色

the scene of the crime 犯罪现场

behind the scenes 暗中，秘密地，在幕后

(come) on the scene 出现，到场，在场

set the scene (为……)作好准备，(为……)设置舞台

[即学即练1](1)Our reporter was the first person_______________(到现场)．

(2)The rocking boats along the river bank____________________(构成一道美丽的风景)．

(3)The boy led his mother to _________________________________________(事故现场)．

on the scene

make a beautiful scene

the scene of the accident

2.Two old and wealthy brothers, Roderick and Oliver, have made a bet.

bet 1) n. 赌博，赌注；预言，可组成短语：

make a bet with sb. on sth. 跟某人就……打赌

win/lose a bet 打赌赢/输

place/put a bet on sth.在……上下赌注

2) v. 打赌，赌博

I bet him 100 yuan that I would climb to the top of the mountain without any help.我和他打赌100块钱，说我不需要帮助就可以爬到山顶。

We made a bet on the fifth horse in the race. 在这次比赛中，我们赌5号马。

My bet is that he is to turn up at the party. 我想他一定会出席晚会的。

特殊句式：

1）I bet that... 我敢肯定

2）you bet 你可以确信，的确，当然

I bet that he will fail in the exam. 我敢肯定他考试不及格。

3.Permit me to lead the way, sir.

permit vt. 允许，许可n．[C]许可证，执照

permission n. [U]许可，准许，允许

permit doing sth. 允许做某事

permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事

with/without one's permission＝with/without

the permission of sb. (不)在某人的允许下

[即学即练2](1)She refused to ______________________.她拒不同意。

(2)Do you have a driver's ______？你有驾驶执照吗？

(3)_______________，we'll go out for a picnic.时间允许，我们就去野餐。

(4)The policeman ________________________ there.

＝The policeman _______________________________ there.警察允许他在那里停车。

give her permission

permit

Time permitting

permitted his parking

permitted him to park

(2012银川一中月考)Only under special circumstances to take those tests.

A.are freshmen permitted

B.freshmen are permitted

C.permitted are freshmen

D.are permitted freshmen

4.I wonder, Mr.Adams, if you’d mind us asking a few questions.

I wonder + if 从句：不知某人……

（it is）no wonder that….难怪…

I wonder if you could lend me your dictionary.不知你能否借你的词典给我。

即时强化练习：

翻译下列句子：

1)不知他是否自视太高。

2) 不知他是否听到了我们的讲话。

【答案】1) I wonder if he thinks too much of himself.

2) I wonder if he has heard what we were talking about.

mind 1）v. 照看，留心；对某物介意，反对某事物

mind sth. 当心某物

mind sb./one’s doing sth. 介意某人干某事

2）n. 感知，思维和感觉的能力

make up one’s mind 下决心

have sth. in mind 想到，考虑到

keep in mind 记住

change one’s mind 改变主意

Never mind 不要紧，没关系

例句:

Mind your behavior and words while at the party. 聚会期间注意你的言行。

Would you mind my not telling the truth? 我没讲实话你介意吗？

It is easy for him to make up his mind and also easy to change it. 他下决心容易，但改变主意也一样容易。

【词汇网络】

1) make up one’s mind 下决心，做决定make a decision下决心，做决定

2) minded 有头脑的 open-minded 头脑开放的，坦率的

3) mind doing sth=care to do sth 介意做某事

5.go ahead 前进；(用于祈使句)可以；往下说；说吧；干吧

go ahead with开始做某事

(be) ahead of 在之前；领先于；胜过

ahead of time / in advance 提前

ahead of time/schedule提前

easy ahead!慢进！

full speed ahead!全速前进。

[即学即练7]写出下列句中go ahead的意思。

(1)If you think you can settle the problem, go ahead.____________

(2)The police examined the cars and allowed them to go ahead.______________________

(3)—I'm afraid I have to trouble you with a question.—Go ahead. _______________

(4)The government intends to go ahead with its privatization plans.____________________

开始干吧

继续前行

请说吧

推行；开始做

go up上涨；上升；攀登

go off离去；爆炸

go against 违反，违背

go over 走过去；仔细检查；复习

go all out (to do)全力(去做)

go out 熄灭

go by流逝；过去

go without 忍受某事物的缺乏；没有某事物也可应付

She went against her mother’s wishes.她违背了她母亲的意愿。

As time went by，I was made smaller.随着岁月的流逝，我被做的越来越小。

Smokers cannot go without cigarettes even a day.吸烟者哪怕一天没有香烟都不行。

6.As a matter of fact, I landed in Britain by accident.

用法拓展

by chance 偶然地;意外地

by mistake 错误地

by design 故意地(相当于on purpose)

by contrast 对比之下

by no means 绝不

by means of 凭借；通过

by weight 按重量

7.Well, towards nightfall I found myself carried_out to sea by a strong wind.哎，傍晚时分，我发现自己被一阵大风刮到了大海上。

(1)“find oneself＋宾语补足语”，意为“(突然)发现自己……”。

①When he came to, he found himself in a deserted island. 他醒来后，发现自己在一个荒凉的岛上。

②On hearing this, I found myself in an embarrassing position. 听到这后，我突然发现自己处在很尴尬的境地。

(2)find oneself doing sth. 突然发现或惊奇地发现自己在做某事，表示吃惊或不相信等情感。

①Dick found himself walking in the direction of Mike's place. 迪克突然发现自己在朝迈克家的方向走去。

②When he came to, he found himself lying in the hospital.他醒来后，发现自己躺在了医院里。

(3)find oneself done (突然)发现自己被……；不知不觉中发现自己被……

Then I found myself surrounded by half a dozen boys.

然后我就发现自己已被六个男孩围住了。

8.The next morning I’d just about given myself up for lost when I was spotted by a ship.第二天早上，我正感到绝望的时候，一艘船发现了我。

had just done...when...刚做完某事，这时……

be doing...when...正在做……这时……

be about to do...when...正要做……这时……

be on the point of doing...when...正要做……这时……

①I had just gone to bed when the telephone rang.

我刚上床睡觉，这时电话响了。

②He was reading newspapers when he heard his name called.他正在读报，这时听到有人叫他的名字。/

③I was about to go out when an unexpected visitor came.我正要出门，一位不速之客来访了。

spot vt. 发现，认出；点缀n. 斑点；污点；地点

on the spot 当场，当下

off the spot 不准确，离题

put sb. on the spot 使某人尴尬，使某人为难

hit the spot 满足要求，合口味

a scenic/historic spot 风景名胜/古迹

be spotted with sth. 满是……斑点

spot sth/sb. doing sth.

in a spot 处于困境

①Neighbors spotted smoke coming out of the house.邻居们发现有烟从那所房子里冒出来。

②He spotted a serious mistake in the accounts.他在账目中发现了一个严重的错误。

③I easily spotted him in the crowd because he was very tall.因为他个子非常高，我在人群中很容易就认出了他。

④I was on the spot when the accident happened.事故发生时我在场。

⑤This is the very spot where the accident happened.这就是事故发生的地点。

The night sky is spotted with stars.夜晚的天空繁星点点。

9.The fact is that I earned my passage by working as an unpaid hand, which accouts for my appearance.事实上我靠做义工来顶替船费，这就是我为什么衣冠不整的原因了。

account n. 说明；理由；计算；账目；报道vi. & vt. 认为；说明；总计有

account for 说明(原因等)；作出解释

on account of 由于，因为

on no account 决不(置于句首时，句子用部分倒装)

on any account 无论如何

take account of/take......into account＝take...into consideration 考虑……

keep an account of 记录，记载

by (from) all accounts 据说，据报道，根据各方面所说。

①How do you account for your absence from school yesterday?你如何解释你昨天没上学呢？

②On no account must employers make personal telephone calls from the office.

＝Employees must on no account make personal telephone calls from the office.雇员们决不允许在办公室打私人电话。

③His exam results were not very good，but we must take his long illness into account.他的考试成绩不是很好，但我们必须考虑到他曾长期生病。

④The train was delayed on account of snow.火车因下雪而延误了。

⑤He paid the money into his account.他把钱存入他的账户里。

10.seek (sought, sought) vt. & vi. 寻找；探索；追求

seek one’s fortune追求财富；碰运气

seek (after/for) sth. 寻找某物；追求某物

seek sth. from sb.向某人寻求某事

seek to do sth.(＝try/attempt to do sth.)试图/企图做某事

[即学即练5](1)He is ______ (＝asking for) a job.他正在找工作。

(2)The boy ___________________________ his teacher.这个男孩向他的老师请教。

(3)He is the man who is always ____________________.他是个始终追求真理的人。

(4)They are ___________________ us. 他们试图误导我们。

seeking

sought advice from

seeking after truth

seeking to mislead

①(2012湖北省孝感一中高三综合测试)More and more countries are trying to close trade ties with China.

A.seek

B.connect

C.search

D.link

【答案与解析】A句意:越来越多的国家正在尽力寻求同中国的贸易合作。seek“寻求”,符合句意。

(2012辽宁锦州模拟)The teacher, as well as his students, seeking a proper solution to the problem.

A.is; for

B.is; out

C.are; to

D.are; for

【答案与解析】A第一空由主语The teacher判断应使用单数;第二空为固定结构seek for sth,意为“寻找/寻求……”。

11.on the contrary 正相反，反之(表示相反意见)

on the other hand 另一方面(说明问题的另一方面)

contrary to... 与……相反；违反，对抗

quite/just the contrary 恰恰相反

to the contrary 与此相反地

be contrary to 与……相反

My sister's taste in dresses is contrary to my own.

[即学即练8](1)The boy was swimming in a direction _______________ the current. 那男孩逆流游去。

(2)You didn't bother me. ________________________，I like your company. 你没有打扰我。相反地，我喜欢有你做伴。

(3)Although Bill was going to the movies, he told Jack______________________________.虽然比尔要去看电影，但是他告诉杰克，说他不去。

contrary to

On the contrary

to the contrary

12.We know you're hard-working. That's why we've given you the letter.

[句式分析]That’s why...那就是……的原因，why引导表语从句

[活学巧用]他遇上了交通阻塞，那就是他没按时参加会议的原因。

He was caught in a traffic jam. That’s why he didn’t attend the meeting on time.

Part 3. Learning about Language

take turns 依次，轮流

We take turns to do the housework. 我们轮流做家务。

in turn 转而；反过来

People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars, and this in turn creates further problems.

Part 4. Using Language

1.I’m afraid it’ll cost a large amount of money.

“许多”的表达方式：

修饰可数名词的复数形式：a large/great/good number of；many；not a few；quite a few 修饰不可数名词：a great (or a good) deal of, a large (or a small) amount of，much, not a little, quite a little

修饰可数名词的复数形式或不可数名词：plenty of, a lot of, lots of,a large quantity of; large quantities of

2.Well, we’ll have to take a chance.

take a chance冒险；试图做某事；碰运气

take a chance＝take one’s chance＝take chances

by chance/accident偶然；碰巧

Chances are(that)可能性是……

There is a slim/slight chance that...不大可能……

[即学即练9](1)You should never __________________ when driving a car.开车时千万别冒险。

(2)We hadn’t planned to meet. We met ______________.我们原未打算相见，是偶然遇见的。

(3)_________________________ she’s already heard the news.可能她已经听到那则消息了。take chances

by chance

Chances are that

3.As for the bill, sir, please forget it .

as for 关于；至于

[即学即练10](1)_______________ the cause of the fire, I don't know anything.至于火灾的原因，我一点也不知道。

(2)We had a wonderful time in the country. _________ the traffic, we had no difficulty.我们在乡下度过了一个愉快的周末。至于交通，我们没遇到任何困难。

拓展：as for与as to都是介词短语，意思相近，都是“至于，关于；就……而言，就……来说”之意。as with“与……一样”。

As to the journey, we must decide about that later.至于旅行，我们必须以后再作决定。

as to关于，有关

as follows 如下

as usual 照例，照常

as is usual with...……和往常一样

as it is/was 事实上，照现在/后来的样子

as with 如同……一样；就像……一样

As is usual with her，she bought the pair of shoes impulsively.她像往常一样，很冲动地买了那双鞋。

I wanted to go to Tokyo for vacation，but as it is，I’ll be lucky if I can go camping here.

我本想去东京度假，但事实上，如果能在这里野营就不错了。

4.You must come whenever you want and have whatever you like. 您什么时候想来，您想吃点什么，你就一定要来呀！

(1)whenever, wherever, however 引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter when/where/how。

(2)whatever, whoever, whichever, whomever 既可引导名词性从句，也可引导让步状语从句，在引导让步状语从句时相当于no matter what/who/which/whom。

(3)“no matter＋疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句，可放在主句前或主句后。

(4)however 的用法主要有以下三点需要注意：

①用做连接副词，相当于no matter how，引导让步状语从句，意思是“不管怎样……；无论如何……”，具体结构为：

however＋形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语。例如：

However rich people are, they always seem anxious to make more money.

无论人们有多富裕，他们似乎总是渴望挣到更多的钱。

②用做连词，表示“不管用什么方法”。

③however 还可作“然而”讲，是副词，不能引导从句，常用逗号隔开。

(5)whichever, whatever 在句中还可做定语。

Eat whichever cake you like.

你可以吃任何一块你想吃的蛋糕。

[即境活用3](1)_____ hungry I am, I never seem to be able to finish off this loaf of bread.

A．Whatever B．Whenever C．Wherever D．However

解析：“however＋adj.＋主＋谓”表示“无论多么……”。答案：D

(2)______team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships.

A．No matter what B．No matter which C．Whatever D．Whichever

解析：根据句子结构可知，本题考查名词性从句，排除A、B项。whatever和whichever 的不同在于前者没有范围而后者有范围，本句中指“周六参加比赛的获胜队”，是有范围的，故选whichever。

运用所学语言基础知识，补充完整下面短文，并背诵之

When I was twelve years old, I found an interesting play written by Mark Twain

(1)______________ (偶然地)．The writer told us an unbelievable story.I did like it very much and

(2)___________________ ( 正是这个故事) made me interested in Mark Twain's works.In the story, two rich English brothers (3)___________________ (对……打赌) penniless Henry, who was (4)________________ ( 衣衫褴褛), giving im a million pound bank note.With the bank note, he met many adventures.Because of his (5)________________( 寒酸的外表),Henry received bad services in many places.But after they saw the bank note, those who (6)________________(看不起；轻视) him all changed their attitude.Even one of the rich brothers' daughter (7)________________ ( 爱上) him.The story happening to Henry (8)____________ vividly ________( 对……作出解释) the money society those days.

by accident/chance it was this story that made a bet on in rags poor appearance looked down upon fell in love with accounts for

本单元语法——宾语从句和表语从句

1．(2011·安徽皖南八校联考)—You know，I’m poor in Chinese，you are not good at English，and...

—That’s________we should help each other.

A．when B．where C．how D．what

解析：考查名词性从句。where引导的从句作表语，where在句中的意思是“……的地方”。答案： B

2．(2011·北京东城区期末)Water，which seems so simple and common，is________makes life possible.

A．what B．that C．which D．how

解析：考查表语从句。名词性从句的解题原则是“缺什么补什么”，此处表语从句“________makes life possible”中缺少“主语”，同时“主语”不表示“人”，用what(表示人时应该选用who)。答案： A

3．(2011·北京海淀区期末)Sorry I’m so late，but you cannot imagine________great trouble I took to find your house.

A．what B．how C．which D．why

解析：考查宾语从句。take great trouble to do something表示“不辞辛劳地做某事”。在此，what引导的宾语从句同时是一个感叹句，what修饰名词trouble。而how在感叹句中修饰形容词或副词。答案： A

4．(2010·成都毕业班诊断性检测)Professor Backman took up scientific research for decades，and this is________he devoted all his life to.

A．which B．what C．where D．how

解析：考查名词性从句。what引导表语从句且在从句中作介词to的宾语，表示“什么”。答案： B

5．After five hours’drive，they reached________they thought was the place they had been dreaming of.

A．where B．what C．which D．that

解析：考查宾语从句。句意为：驱车五个小时之后，他们来到了他们认为是他们一直梦寐以求的地方。句中what引导宾语从句，且作从句的主语，其中they thought是插入语。

答案： B

人教版高中英语知识点梳理

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