1月全国高级英语自考试题及答案解析

全国2018年1月高等教育自学考试

高级英语试题

课程代码：00600

Part one

I. The following paragraphs are taken from the textbooks followed by a list of words and

expressions marked A to X. Choose the one that best completes each of the sentences and write the corresponding letter on your answer sheet. One word or expression for each blank only.(0.5 point for each. 12 points)

1.These aren’t __1__ questions. Some sociologists say that your answers to them could explain a lot about what you are thinking and about what your society is thinking—in other words, about where you and your society are.“Music __2__ its times,”says sociologist Irving Horowitz. Horowitz sees the rock music arena as a sort of __3__,a place where ideas __4__ and crash. He sees it as a place where American society __5__ to define and redefine its feelings and __6__.

2.She said that I must always be __7__ of ignorance but understanding of __8__.That some people, unable to go to school, were more educated and even more __9__ than college professors. She encouraged me to listen carefully to what country people called mother __10__.That in those __11__ sayings was __12__ the collective wisdom of generations.

3.It is easier to print wire services dispatches than have a reporter on the __13__.It is easier to buy __14__ columns than find—and train—local talent. It is easier to let the ads __15__ the format than develop a format that __16__ news above dogfood. It is easier to write editorial copy that __17__ to emotion rather than __18__.

4.Product leaders have a __19__ interest in protecting the entrepreneurial environment that they have created. To that __20__,they hire, recruit, and train employees in their own __21__.When it is time for Vistakon to hire new salespeople, for example, its managers do not look for people experienced in selling contact lenses: they look for people who will __22__ with J&J’s culture. That means their first question is more __23__ to be,“Could you work cooperatively in __24__?”

A. intolerant

B. dictate

C. appeals

D. vested

E. illiteracy

F. expresses

G. end H. mold I.syndicated J. homely K. fit in L. elevates M. debating forum N. teams O. clash P. struggles Q. intelligent R. likely S. wit

T. idle U. couched V. beat W. reason X. beliefs

II.There are 15 sentences with a blank in each,followed by a list of words or expressions marked A to X.Choose the one that best completes each of the sentences and write the corresponding letter on your answer sheet.One word or expression for each blank

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only.(1 point for each,15 points)

1.The detective finally gave up, declaring the mystery ______.

2.When she was asked about her family, she skillfully ______ the question.

3.They managed to trace his ______ by checking on his cred it card expenditures.

4.I have not even read the first chapter,______ finished the book.

5.The ______ of getting killed in a plane crash are around a million to one.

6.The bombing of Japan by nuclear bombs turned the ______ of the situation in Asia.

7.He ______ his cheating by saying that everyone else cheated.

8.The smell was a barrier she was ______,to keep the movie from going ahead.

9.We wanted to know something about his experience, but he ______ himself.

10.When she realized that her son had become an idiot, she ______.

11.In the autumn, the leaves are falling off the trees,______ in the wind.

12.He ran into heavy debts ______ five thousand dollars.

13.Many young talents go to work in that company because they believe that the company

represents the ______ telecommunication technology on the market.

14.Finally,he found his ______ daughter with the help of the police.

15.There was not much time left. I had to ______ my friend to help.

A. rationalized

B. scale

C. paralleled

D. varying

E. kept it to

F. deceiving

G. rope in

H. went to pieces

I. insoluble

J. usher in

K. openly

L. in place

M. get used to N. whereabouts O. amounting to P. dodged Q. let alone

R. be left behind S. state-of-the-art T. get off U. holding on to V. missing W. odds

X. whirling

III.Each of the following sentences is given two choices of words or expressions. Choose the right one to complete the sentence and mark the corresponding letter on your answer sheet.(1 point for each, 15 points)

1.Although it was so brilliantly fine—the great spots of light like white wine(A. splashed, B. pour) over the Jardins Publiques—Miss Brill was glad that she had decided on her fur.

2.I believe that TV’s appeal to the short attention span is not only (A. ineffective, B. inefficient) communication but decivilizing as well.

3.When they heard the story, they thought it was (A. incredible, B. incredulous).

4.Finally,he managed to find the books he wanted. Then he left with a (A. contented, B. content) smile.

5.The silence which hung about the place filled me with (A. comprehension, B. apprehension) and when we walked in the back door, we saw people standing in the kitchen.

6.She felt very sorry for their (A. separation, B. division).But she knew nothing could change it.

7.Mary aired her(A. grief, B. grievances) at not being treated fairly by the boss.

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8.She was determined to get it (A. by any means, B. by no means).

9.But (A. at large, B. by and large) the news reports and commentaries on CBS and NBC and ABC make every effort to present viewers with more than one aspect of an issue.

10.She (A. kept on, B. kept to) herself and didn’t speak to anyone.

11.He heard a key (A. scratching, B. scrubbing) at the door lock.

12.The vegetables cannot be overcooked. They cannot(A. stand at, B. stand on)the stove.

13.When he turned around, she saw a (A. blank, B. bland) face, as empty as an idiot’s.

14.It shattered the notion that my individual progress could be(A. inhaled, B.hailed) as an advance

for all Negroes.

15.Even better than that,it was marvelous the things that came to you in the (A.peace,B.tranquility)

of fishing.

IV.Translate the following into English and write your translation on your answer sheet.(3 points each for 1-4,6 points for 5,18 points)

1.事情确实糟到如此地步了吗?让我们首先看一看生存必需的基本日常需求吧。伴随着老年而来的是贫困或收入的大幅度下降。

2.作者认为，“伪科学”是导致美国食品平淡无味、肥胖症成为全国性灾难的根本原因。

3.当她听到一对年轻人以轻蔑的口气在谈论她时，短暂的幸福感消失了。她怀着一颗破碎的心回到家中。

4.埃思丢了工作，害怕面对妻子。他的母亲倒觉得儿子本应该有个更好的工作。

5.很多人认为美国的教育在世界上是一流的，但作者却有自己独特的看法，认为美国的教育存在严重的问题。美国教育质量差并不是因为教师的水平低，教师是认真负责的，问题在于他们教书太死板。美国教育的另外一个严重问题是不教孩子如何尊重和继承人类的文化遗产。

Part two

V.Proficiency Part(40%)

Read the following passage and answer the questions:

Some Benefits Of Large Families In India

1)Munshi Ram, an illiterate laborer who lives in a crude mud hut in the village of Babarpur, India,60 miles north of New Delhi, has no land and very little money. But he has eight children,and he regards them as his greatest wealth.

2)“It’s good to have a big family,”Mr. Ram explained, as he stood in the shade of a leafy neem tree, in a hard dry courtyard crowded with children, chickens, and a dozing cow.“They don’t cost much and when they get old enough to work they bring in money. And when I am old,they will take care of me.”

3)Millions of Indians share Mr. Ram’s view. And that, in the opinion of a number of family-planning workers, is a major obstacle to the effort to curb the rapid growth of this

3

country’s population.

4)A decade or so ago, many people here, including some of the Americans who had flooded in to help, assumed that once a villager understood birth control he would practice it, so as to keep his family small and thus improve his economic status. But lately some experts have concluded that simply spreading the word about birth control, and providing the means is not enough, because many poor people actively want to have more children, even after they know how not to. A Harvard-educated sociologist named Mahmood Mamdani put it this way in a recent study here: 5)“People are not poor because they have large families. Quite the contrary; they have large families because they are poor. To practice contraception would have meant to willfully court economic disaster.”

6)Some of the reasons relate to social customs that the government is trying to abolish. The dowry system, for example, often compels a couple with two or three daughters to keep trying for sons to offset the economic liability they will face when their daughters marry.

7)For Mr.Ram, a man in his mid-fifties who wears a tattered gray turban and an Indian dhoti, having eight children means security, especially since five of them are rarely here, but no matter what kind of disaster befalls Babarpur, he said, there will almost certainly be someone to take care of him until he dies.

8)His wife’s view appeared to be of little consequence. When any questions about family planning were put to her, Mrs.Ram, a woman about 45,giggled shyly and turned away without answering.

9)In a similar village west of here,a water carrier recently greeted a visiting social worker this way:“You were trying to convince me in 1960 that I shouldn’t have any more sons. Now, you see, I have six sons and two daughters, and I sit at home in leisure. They are grown up and they bring me money. You told me I was a poor man and couldn’t support a large family. Now you see, because of my large family, I am a rich man.”

10)The effects on the society at large, of course, are quite different from the effects noted by these

two proud fathers of eight children. With 600 million people, and a pace of development that never quite outdistances the population growth, India is making a determined effort to bring down its birth rate, which is currently about 35 per 1,000,more than twice that in the United States.

11)Several Indian states are drafting legislation that would force the sterilization of people who

have more than two or three children, and the federal government is strengthening its programs of incentives to encourage voluntary sterilization. But India has nearly 600,000 villages like this one, and few people think that compulsion will really be possible all across the land.

12)“The best contraceptive is development,”says Health Minister Karan Singh, meaning that

when people’s standards of living are raised, and health care improves, their birth rate declines without compulsion or government pressure.“Where child mortality is high, fertility is high,

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because people are never sure whether their children are going to survive, so they have more children than they require,”Mr. Singh said recently.

13)The family of eight children that Mr. Ram had here in Babarpur is, statistically, the size that

many Indians have thought they had to aim for over the years to be sure that, after allowing for girls, and for boys who die during youth, they would still have two adult sons.

14)Mr.Ram, who says he is not likely to have more children, is aware that the government is now

campaigning hard with the birth-control slogan,“Stop at two.”But he has no regrets.“Children are the gods’ gift,”he said, as several of his own clustered around him.“Who are we to say they should not be born?”

A.Circle the letter next to the best answer(10%):

1.A good title for this article would be:

a. A Personal Look at India’s Population Problems.

b. Why Poor People in India Have Many Children.

c. India’s Birth-Control Program.

2.In general, Paragraph 2 explains:

a. Mr.Ram’s possessions.

b. why Mr.Ram wants a large family.

c. Mr.Ram’s plans for his old age.

3.In Paragraph 2,Sentence 2 is:

a. the main idea of the paragraph.

b. an example to support the main idea.

c. the conclusion of the paragraph.

4.Paragraph 4 implies, but does not directly say, that:

a. the birth-control program hasn’t worked.

b. the villagers didn’t like the Americans.

c. villagers don’t understand the purpose of birth control.

5.Paragraph 5 states “they have large families because they are poor.”An explanation of this sentence would be:

a. Paragraph 1.

b. Paragraph 2.

c. Paragraph 3.

6.The subject of Paragraphs 10 and 11 is:

a. the difficulties of India’s effort to bring down the birth rate.

b. the difficulties involved in reaching 600,000 villages.

c. legislation regarding sterilization.

7.In Paragraph 12,an explanation of “The best contraceptive is development”appears:

5

a. in Paragraph 11.

b. in the rest of the same sentence.

c. in the following sentence.

8.Paragraph 13 implies, but does not directly say, that:

a. Indian parents would rather have sons than daughters.

b. people feel they should have eight children.

c. Mr.Ram’s family is statistically typical.

9.Although they do not say it directly, if the two men in this article were young and just starting to have families, they would probably:

a. limit their families to two to three children.

b. undergo voluntary sterilization.

c. have eight children again.

10.The author’s attitude toward the people in this article is:

a. impersonal. He makes no judgment.

b. sympatheti

c. He thinks they are right.

c. negative. He is against their policies.

B.Circle the letter next to the best answer(10%):

1.“...Americans who had flooded in to help...”means:

a. the Indians dislike the Americans.

b. the Americans destroyed some rivers.

c. many Americans came at one time.

2.Spreading the word is not enough.

a. Telling as many people as possible

b. Distributing birth-control devices

c. Increasing the family size

3.“Many poor people actively want to have more children, even after they know how not to,”Not to refers to:

a. having children.

b. using birth control.

c. being poor.

4.“Mahmood Mamdani put it this way in a recent study here”:

a. explained it like this

b. went in the right direction

c. placed it correctly

5.In Paragraph 7,“five of them are rarely here.”Them refers to:

a. children.

b. disasters.

c. security.

6

6.When questions were put to her, she didn’t answer.

a. When someone gave her questions.

b. When someone asked her questions.

c. When she asked questions.

7.“The effects on the society at large”means:

a. there are many people.

b. there are many effects.

c. in general.

8.“A pace of development that never quite outdistances the population growth”means:

a. population grows faster than economic development.

b. economic development grows faster than population.

c. economic development and population grow at equal rates.

9.In Paragraph 10,“the birth rate is more than twice that in the United States.”That refers to:

a. birth rate.

b.35 per 1,000.

c. population growth.

10.In Paragraph 14,“Stop at two”means:

a. have no more than two sons.

b. have no more than two children.

c. use birth-control methods after two years of marriage.

C. From this list, choose a synonym to replace the italicized word in each https://www.wendangku.net/doc/e81856514.html,e

：

1.In order to get across the river, we had to build a crude bridge.______

2.That company has the means to produce clothing quickly and efficiently.______

3.How can we curb the spread of air pollution?______

4.Some people say that overpopulation is a serious obstacle to human survival.______

5.Can a society compel people to use birth-control methods?______

6.The poor children were embarrassed to come to school in tattered clothes.______

7.In my leisure time, I enjoy reading and watching TV.______

8.Many stores use discount coupons as incentives to attract customers.______

9.The human mortality rate would probably be great if there were an earthquake in Tokyo.______

10.All the people at the party were clustered around the piano and singing.______

D.Translate the following sentences from English into Chinese(5%):

1.To practice contraception would have meant to willfully court economic disasters.

2.The dowry system often compels a couple with two or three daughters to keep trying for sons to offset the economic liability they will face when their daughters marry.

7

E.Answer the following question in English within 80-100 words(5%):

How do you understand Mr.Singh’s remark that “The best contraceptive is development”?

8

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