文档库 最新最全的文档下载
当前位置:文档库 › 英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习

简单句的五个基本句型

主语+不及物动词She came..

主语+及物动词+宾语She likes English.

主语+系动词+主语补语

She is happy.

主语+动词+间接宾语+直接宾语

She gave John a book.

She bought a book for me.

主语+动词+宾语+宾语补语

She makes her mother angry.

The teacher asked me to read the passage.

主谓宾

名/代--动词--名/代

we-- saw --you.

we-- did --the work.

主系表

名/代-系动词-形容次/名词/代词

you are beautiful

you seems worried.

you are a stufent.

相同点都三部分,主语也一样.不同动词和系动词,时态一样,否定式不同.动词加助动词,系动词不用.表语可以是形容词,宾语不行.只有宾语有补足语

2、句子成分:英语句子成分分为七种:

主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。

1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词

担任。

如:I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐)

2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。

如:Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间)

3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通

常由名词、代词或形容词担任。

如:My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍)

4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。

如:He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词)

有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。

如:He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信)

有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如:He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信)

5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如:

Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市)

6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。

He works hard .(他工作努力)

7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。

They usually keep their classroom clean.(他们通常让教室保持清洁) /

He often helps me do my lessons.(他常常帮我做功课) /

The teacher wanted me to learn French all by myself.(老师要我自学法语)

8、同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的情况。

如:Where is your classmate Tom ?(你的同学汤姆在哪里?)

主语(subject):句子说明的人或事物。

The sun rises in the east (名词)

He likes dancing. (代词)

Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)

Seeing is believing. (动名词)

To see is to believe.(不定式)

What he needs is a book.(主语从句)

It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.

(It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语)

(一)指出下列句中主语的中心词

① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.

② There is an old man coming here.

③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.

④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very diffic ult.

谓语(predicate):是对主语加以陈述,表示主语的行为或状态,常用动词或者动词词组担任,放在主语的后面。

We study English. He is asleep.

(二). 选出句中谓语的中心词

① I don't like the picture on the wall.

A. don't

B. like

C. picture

D. wall

② The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longer C. days D. summer

③ Do you usually go to school by bus?

A. Do

B. usually

C. go

D. bus

④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.

A. will be

B. meeting

C. the library

D. afternoon

3. 表语(predicative):系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。

He is a teacher. (名词)

You don’t look it. (代词)

Five and five is ten. (数词)

He is asleep. (形容词)

His father is in. (副词)

The picture is on the wall. (介词短语)

My watch is gone / missing / lost. (形容词化的分词)

The question is whether they will come. (表语从句)

常见连系动词

1.“存在”类:表示存在或具有某种特征或状态.这类连系动词强调“存在”。常见的

有:be(是),look(看起来),feel(摸上去),seem(似乎是),appear(似乎、显得),prove(证明是),smell(闻起来),taste(尝起来),sound(听起来)等。

2.例如: The story sounds true.

3.Those oranges taste good star.

2. “持续”类:表示某种情况或状态的持续。这类连系动词强调“持续”。常见的有:remain(依然),keep(保持),stay(保持),continue(继续、仍旧),stand(处于某状况或情形)等。

例如: Why don't you put the meat in the fridge?

It will stay fresh for several days.

It's already ten in the morning.

The store remains closed.

What's the matter?

3. “变化”类:表示由一种情况或状态变化成另一种情况或状态。这类连系动词强

调“变化”后的情况或状态.常见的有:become(变成), turn(变成), grow(变得), get(变得)等。

例如: Put the fish in the fridge, or it will go bad in hot weather. (三) 挑出下列句中的表语

① The old man was feeling very tired.

② Why is he worried about Jim?

③ The leaves have turned yellow.

④ Soon They all became interested in the subject.

⑤ She was the first to learn about it.

① tired② worried ③ yellow ④ interested ⑤ first

4. 宾语:1)动宾表示行为的对象,常由名词或者代词担任。放在及物动词或者介词之后。如:

I like China. (名词)

He hates you. (代词)

How many do you need? We need two. (数词)

I enjoy working with you. (动名词)

I hope to see you again. (不定式)

Did you write down what he said? (宾语从句)

2)介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾

Are you afraid of the snake?

Under the snow, there are many rocks.

3)双宾语-----间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)

He gave me a book yesterday.

Give the poor man some money

(四) 挑出下列句中的宾语

① My brother hasn't done his homework.

② People all over the world speak English.

③ You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.

④ How many new words did you learn last class?

⑤ Some of the students in the school want to go swimming.

his homework ② English ③ your pro nunciation ④ new words ⑤ to go swimming

5. 宾补:对宾语的补充,全称为宾语补足语。

We elected him monitor. (名词)

We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. (名词)

We will make them happy. (形容词)

We found nobody in. ( 副词 )

Please make yourself at home. (介词短语) Do n’t let him do that. (省to不定式)

His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. (带to不定式)

Don’t keep the lights burning. (现在分词)

I’ll have my bike repaired. (过去分词)

扩展:

主补:对主语的补充。

He was elected monitor.

She was found singing in the next room.

He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.

(五) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语

① She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.

② He asked her to take the boy out of school.

③ She found it difficult to do the work.

④ They call me Lily sometim es.

⑤ I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.

⑥ Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?

① to read newspapers and books in the reading-room ② to take the boy

out of school

③ Lily ④ get on the bus ⑤ playing football on the playground

划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语

① Please tell us a story.

② My father bought a new bike for me last week.

③ Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term.

④ Here is a pen. Give it to Tom.

⑤ Did he leave any message for me?

6. 定语:修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。

Yanling is a chemistry teacher.(名词)

He is our friend. (代词)

We belong to the third world.(数词)

He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.(形容词)

The man over there is my old friend.(副词)

The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词)

The boys playing football are in Class 2. (现在分词)

The trees planted last year are growing well now. (过去分词)

I have an idea to do it well.(不定式)

You should do everything that I do. (定语从句)

(六) 挑出下列句中的定语

① They use Mr., Mrs. with the family name.

② What is your given name?

③ On the third lap are Cla ss 1 and Class 3.

④ I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.

⑤ The man downstairs was trying to sleep.

① family ② given ③ third ④ some ⑤ downstairs

7. 状语:用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子。表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结

果、程度、条件、方式和让步。(以下例句按上述顺序排列)

I will go there tomorrow.

The meeting will be held in the meeting room.

The meat went bad because of the hot weather.

He studies hard to learn English well.

He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam.

I like some of you very much.

If you study hard, you will pass the exam.

He goes to school by bike.

Though he is young, he can do it well.

(七) 挑出下列句中的状语

① There was a big smile on her face.

② Every night he heard the noise upstairs.

③ He began to learn English when he was eleven.

④ The man on th e motorbike was travelling too fast.

⑤ With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.

① on the face ② Every night ③ when he was eleven ④ fast⑤ With

the medicine box under her arm

八、同位语

当一个概念词在前,后面的词、词组或者句子是在解释前者时,而且两者的语法功能相同,后者就是前者的同位语。

Mr. Black, our English teacher, is a good tennis player.

我们的英语老师——布莱克先生是个优秀的网球手。

Football, the only interest in life, has brought him many friends.

足球----他唯一的爱好,让他结交了许多朋友。

Yesterday I met Tom, a friend of my brother's.

昨天我遇到了我弟弟的朋友汤姆。

That’s her habit, r eading in bed.

躺在床上看书是她的习惯.

Your suggestion, to strike while the iron is hot, seemed a good idea.

你建议趁热打铁,这个建议很好。

He gave orders that the work should be started immediately.

他发出指示要立即开始工作。

You still haven’t answered my question why you didn’t come to school yesterday.

你还没有回答我昨天为什么没有上学。

同位语从句常跟在某些名词后,对其作进一步的解释。这些名词包括:fact, doubt, idea, news, hope, indication, decision, possibility, assumption, suggestion, question.这类从句常常有that引导,有时也可以用what, why, whether, when 等

引导。

(九)插入语

插入语是说话者对所表达的意思的补充、强调、解释或者说话的态度,其位置灵活常常用逗号或者破折号分开,并且在语法上不影响其他成份。

1. 插入语常以副词(副词短语)、形容词(形容词短语)、介词短语、非谓语动词短

语等形式出现。

( 1 )常见的副词及短语: indeed, surely, however, obviously, frankly,naturally, luckily / happily for sb. certainly 等。

英语句子结构分析报告讲解

定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分; 主要成分:主语和谓语 次要成分:表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语 I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday . 主语谓语定语宾语同位语状语 ㈠主语(subject) 句子说明的人或事物 Jane is good at playing the piano.(名词) She went out in a hurry.(代词) Four plus four is eight.(数词) To see is to believe.(不定式) Smoking is bad for health.(动名词) The young should respect the old.(名词化的形容词) What he has said is true. (句子) 找出下列句中的主语:1、The sun rises in the east. 2、Twenty years is a short time in history. 3、The poor are now living in the shelter. 4、Seeing is believing. 5、To see is to believe. 6、He likes dancing.

7、What he needs is a book. 8、It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. ㈡谓语 说明主语的动作、状态和特征 简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成 I saw the flag on the top of the hill? He looked after two orphans. 复合谓语:由情态动词或助动词+动词; He can speak English well. She doesn’t seem to like dancing. 找出下列句中的谓语(注:只有动词才可作谓语。): 1. We love China. 2. We have finished reading this book. 3. He can speak English. 4. She seems tired. (三)宾语动作的对象或承受者——及物动词或介词的宾语Show your passport, please. (名词) She didn't say anything. (代词) How many do you want? - I want two. (数词) They sent the injured to hospital. (名词化的形容词) They asked to see my passport. (不定式) I enjoy working with you. (动名词) Did you write down what he said? (句子)

英语句子结构详解(精华)

第一章简单句 一、简单句(simple sentence):是基础句型,只有包含一个主谓结构,而句子的各个结构都只由单词或短语表示。 有五种基本结构:“主语+谓语(SV)”、“主语+谓语+主语补语(SVC)”、“主语+谓语+宾语(SVO)”、“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语(SVOO)”、“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补语(SVOC)”等五种基本结构。其他各种句子基本上由此五种句型缩略或扩展而成。 1、“主语+谓语(SV)”结构,简称为主谓结构,谓语是不及物动词。此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思,这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等,如: (1)、Day│ broke. 天亮了 (2)、Things │change.事物是变化的。 (3)、The moon│rose.月亮升起来了。 (4)、They│are running very slowly. 他们跑得很慢 2、“主语+谓语+主语补语(SVC)”结构,简称为主谓补结构。 “主语+连系动词+表语(SLP)”句型实际上也是一种主、谓、主补结构,此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类:be, look, keep, seem等属一类,表示情况;get, grow, become, turn等属另一类,表示变化。be本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用,其它系动词仍保持其部分词义如: (5)、He │died│ young. 他年轻时就死了。 (6)、John │was│ cast as Hamlet. 约翰扮演哈姆雷特 (7)、This│is│an English-Chinese dictionary. 这是本英汉辞典。 (8)、The dinner│smells│good.午餐的气味很好。 3、“主语+谓语+宾语(SVO)”结构,可简称为主、谓、宾结构,其谓语一般是及物动词,宾语多是直接宾语。此句型句子的共同特点是:谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词 (9)、Who│knows│the answer? 谁知道答案?

初中英语五种基本句型结构

初中---五种基本句型 中考对五种基本句型的考查主要集中在以下几方面: 1. 掌握五种基本句型的基本用法。 2. 掌握五种基本句型在用法上的区别。 中考考查这部分内容时的题型和大体分值为: 单选(1分) 写句子(1分) 写作(1-2分) 阅读理解(1-2分) 一、知识精讲 五种基本句型是句子最基本的组成部分。掌握了这五种基本句型,在阅读中当我们遇到较复杂的句子时,运用这些基本句型,对句子的分析就会变得容易多了。在写作中,首先要能运用好这些基本句型,才能得到高分。 (一)五种基本句型的句子成分: 1. 句子成分的定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分包括主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语等。 2. 主语(subject):主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。 【例句】 We often speak English in class. 我们在课上经常说英语。 Smoking does harm to the health. 吸烟对健康有害。 The rich should help the poor. 富有的人应该帮助贫困的人。 3. 谓语(verb):谓语可用来说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词常在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。分及物动词和不及物动词两种。 【例句】 He practices running every morning. 他每天早晨练习跑步。 I have caught a bad cold. 我得了重感冒。 We like helping the people in trouble 我们喜欢帮助那些处于困境中的人。

英语句子结构+动词练习题

英语句子五种基本结构+代词be动词初级练习题 1.S(主)+ Vi(不及物动词)(主谓结构) 2. S (主语)+ Vt (及物动词)(谓语)+ O(宾语)(主谓宾结构) 3. S (主语)+ V(谓语)(lv,系动词)+ P(表语)(主系表结构) 4. S (主)+ VT (谓)+ In O(间接宾语)+ D O(直接宾语)(主语+双宾语结构) 5. S (主)+ VT(谓)+ O(宾)+ O C(宾补)(主语+谓语+宾语+宾补结构) 练习题: 一、造句(请用自己中文写出以上五种基本句子的例句,并用横线划分句子结构) 例如:主谓宾结构 1、我喜欢吃苹果。(主谓宾) 二、判断句子结构,并用横线划分句子结构。 1、我和妹妹喜欢洋娃娃。 2、打排球是一件很有趣的事。 3、我爸爸是一位工程师。 4、我给我妹妹五个糖。 5、去北京是我的梦想。 6、王叔叔的儿子跳了起来。 7、打排球和踢足球是我的爱好。 8、把这件事做好是我们的主要任务。 9、我把钢笔还给了小明。 10、这件事情让我很开心。 11、李明、张红和张强的自行车都被偷了。 练习题:第一题:根据题目要求将所给代词的适当形式填入括号内(每个括号里只填 写一个单词)。 1、——This is my book. ——This is______.(I) 2、LiLy, where(在哪里) is ______ book?(you) 3、______are very nice. (I) 4、______am very good.(I) 5、______books are cheap(便宜).(they) 6、_______book is cheap.(she) 7、_______books are cheap.(she) 8、Dog is clever(聪明的),_____can(可以) find(找到)the way(路) back to ____ home.(it)(狗很聪明,它可以找到回它自己家的路) 第二题:根据题干选着合适的be动词填空。 1、I_____ a good student. 2、He ______a good student.

英语句子结构分析

英语句子结构分析 来源:中文翻译英文作者:翻译器时间:2012-07-06 (https://www.wendangku.net/doc/e818834686.html,/kouyutingli/yulekouyu/20120706-11216.html) 英语句子结构分析 The English sentence structure analysis 英语句子分为简单句和复合句。所谓的简单句,就是一个句子中只包含一个主谓结构的句子。复合句又分成并列句和复杂句,下面我们分别对这三种情况加以简要的分析。 The English sentence is divided into simple sentences and complex sentences. The so-called simple sentence, is a sentence containing only a subject-predicate sentence structure. Complex sentences into compound sentences and complex sentences, we have the following the three cases tries brief analysis. 1、简单句 In 1, the simple sentence 简单句,即只有一个主谓结构的句子。除了特殊情况,英语句子中都有主语、谓语(或表语),有时候还有宾语;而且除了倒装句等特殊句型,一般情况下,主语、谓语、宾语的先后顺序是固定的,不可能宾语跑到谓语前面,或者谓语跑到主语前面。目前很多语法书都把英语的简单句归纳为五种基本句型。实际上,英语简单句还可以简化为三种形式: A simple sentence, i.e. only a subject-predicate sentence structure. Except in special cases, the English sentence has a subject, the predicate ( or a ), sometimes the object; in addition to a special sentence pattern, under normal circumstances, subject, predicate, object order is fixed, can not be the object to the predicate or predicate to the front, ahead of subject. At present a lot of grammar books are English simple sentence is classified into five basic sentence patterns. In fact, English simple sentences can be simplified into three forms: 主语+ 谓语(及物动词) + 宾语;I hate grammar. Subject + verb ( transitive verb + object ); I hate grammar. 主语+ 谓语(不及物动词); Grammar sucks. Subject + verb ( transitive verb ); Grammar sucks. 主语+ 系动词+ 表语Grammar is hell. Subject + Verb + / Grammar is hell. 所以,我们在阅读句子的时候,不管句子有多长,不管是并列句还是复合句,都必须首先分清各句中的主语、谓语(或表语),有的句子中还包括宾语。因为主语、谓语、宾语中英语句子的主干,抓住了句子的主干,句子的基本意思就清楚了。 Therefore, we read the sentence, no matter how long sentence, whether a compound or a complex sentence, must first distinguish the subject of a sentence, the predicate ( or a ), some sentences are also included in the object. Because the subject, object, predicate in English sentence trunk, captures the sentence trunk, basic sentence meaning clear. 2、并列句 In 2, the compound sentence 并列句就是两个或以上的简单句,由表示并列关系的连词或标点符号连接而成。常见的连词:and, not only...but also, neither...nor... or, either...or... otherwise,but, yet, while, so, for等。阅读中遇到并列关系的句子,一般情况下是以连词为界限,将句子分成前、后几个部分,并分别来分析,各句的意思一般可

(完整版)英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解

一、英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解: (一)句子成分 1.主语(subject): 句子说明的人或事物。 主语可以由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、分词、主语从句和短语等来担任。 The sun rises in the east.(名词) He likes dancing. (代词) Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. (动名词) To see is to believe. (不定式) What he needs is a book. (主语从句) It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. (It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语) 找出下列句中的主语: Jane is good at playing the piano.(名词) She went out in a hurry.(代词) Four plus four is eight.(数词) To see is to believe.(不定式) Smoking is bad for health.(动名词) The young should respect the old.(名词化的形容词)What he has said is true. (句子) 2.谓语(predicate): 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。 简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成 I saw the flag on the top of the hill? He looked after two orphans. 复合谓语:由情态动词或助动词+动词; He can speak English well. She doesn’t seem to like dancing. 找出下列句中的谓语(注:只有动词才可作谓语。): 1. We love China. 2. We have finished reading this book. 3. He can speak English. 4. She seems tired. 3.表语(predicative): 系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。

英语句子结构练习

练习 一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分: 1. The students got on the school bus. 2. He handed me the newspaper. 3. I shall answer your question after class. 4. What a beautiful Chinese painting! 5. They went hunting together early in the morning. 6. His job is to train swimmers. 7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing. 8. There is going to be an American film tonight. 9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow. 10. His wish is to become a scientist. 11. He managed to finish the work in time. 12. Tom came to ask me for advice. 13. He found it important to master English. 14. Do you have anything else to say? 15. To be honest, your pronunciation is not so good. 16. Would you please tell me your address? 17. He sat there, reading a newspaper. 18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy. 19. He noticed a man enter the room. 20. The apples tasted sweet. 二、用符号划出下列短文各句中的定语(—)、状语(=)、补语(~): Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time. These parties often make us very happy. We cook meat on an open fire outside. It's great! Americans eat a lot of meat — too much in my opinion. Some of my friends drink beer. I don't, because I have to drive home after the party. In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States. There are five different time areas in the States. In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time. How many different time areas do you have in China? Well, I must stop and get some sleep. Please give my best regards to your parents. 三、选择填空: ( )1. ____ will leave for Beijing. A. Now there the man B. The man here now C. The man who is here now D. The man is here now ( ) 2. The weather ____. A. wet and cold B. is wet and cold C. not wet and cold D. were wet and cold ( ) 3. The apple tasted ____. A. sweets B. sweetly C. nicely D. sweet ( ) 4. He got up ____ yesterday morning. A. lately B. late C. latest D. latter ( )5. The actor ______at the age of 70. A. dead B. died C. dyed D. deaded

英语基本句子结构

初中英语基本语法结构 句子是文章的基础,无论多长的文章都是由一个一个的句子组成的,因此,学习运用写作及阅读应学好造句,打好坚实的句法基础,才有可能写出好的文章。运用句子的基本结构 英语的句子千变万化,但是无论其怎样变化,都是由为数不多的几个基本句子结构扩展而来的,造句就好像画一棵树,掌握了句子的基本结构,就如同掌握了树干的画法,在此基础上便可以学习添枝加叶,画出千变万化的树木了。 运用的基本结构可以分为五个类型。 1、主语+系动词+表语(S+V+P) 列如:She is a student (身份)He has become an engineer It tastes sweet They are in the classroom 这种句子机构的动词是系动词,其后的表语表示主语的身份,特征或者状态。英语中可用作系动词的数量很少,最常用的是be的各种变化形式,初学者比较容易用错的是其他的系动词,如become,turn,look,seem,appear,sound,taste,smell,remain,prove,keep,fall,等的,由于系动词数量不多,初学者只要稍加留意就不会出错了。 2、主语+动词(S+V)列如:water flows He is reading She has arrived T hey will come Mary cried 这种句子结构的动词是不及物动词,其后无须跟其他的句子成分。初学者使用这类词时,应当注意不要受其汉语对应词意义的影响。例如汉语中的’到‘在英语中的对应词可以是arrive,也可以是reach,但是reach是及物动词,须有宾语,不能用在上面第三个例句中。反之,如果需要带宾语时,arrive后则应加介词。 例如:They have reached NEW YORK They have arrived at NEWYORK 3、主语+动词+宾语(S+V+O) 例如:Tom speaks English He bought a jacket They have finished the job Rose is reading a book 这种句子结构中的动词是单宾及物动词,其后必须跟一个宾语。英语中的及物动词大多数都属这一类。 4、主语+动词+宾语+宾语(S+V+O+O) 例如:Mr Brown teaches them English Mother told me a story Give us a ring when you arrive at the college The students are giving the classroom a thorough clean up 这种句子结构中的动词是双宾及物动词,其后跟两个宾语,即间接宾语和直接宾语。直接宾语是动作承受者或结果,如上例中的English,a story ,a ring ,a thorough cleanup,间接宾语则表示动作是为谁做的,如上例中的them,me,us和the classroom。虽然这类动词的数量不是很多,但使用频率很高,构成了一种英语

英语句子结构分析及练习题课件

句子结构分析 句子成分:主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语等。 主要成分:主语和谓语 1、主语 一个句子中需要加以说明或描述的对象。主语的位置: 一般位于句首,由名词、代词、数词或相当于名词的词、短语等充当。 The school is far from here. 名词做主语 She goes to school by bike. 代词做主语 Eight is a lucky number. 数词做主语 The blind need more help. 名词化的形容词做主语 There is a pen on the desk. 名词做主语 Predicting the future is interesting. 动名词做主语 To be a doctor is my dream. 不定式短语做主语 若不定式短语作主语常用it作形式主语,而把真正的主语(不定式短语)放在句后。It takes me an hour to get there. 2、谓语 表示人或事物( 主语) 的动作和存在的状态. 英语中由动词be、动词have 和行为动词来充当谓语动词 句子的时态和语态是通过谓语表现出来。 谓语动词往往由一个或一个以上的助动词或情态动词加上主要动词构成。 分析下列句子的主语和谓语 Mr. Li teaches English. He can play the piano. My parents and I are having dinner. He studies very hard. She likes speaking. I can swim in the river. We don’t like math. He doesn ’t watch TV.

英语句子的基本结构

英语句子的基本结构 英语句子由主语、谓语动词、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语、状语等成分构成。 主语:Subject=S.,表示句子所说的是什么人或事物。 由名词n.、代词pron.或相当于名词、代词的短语来充当。 谓语:Predicate,说明主语做什么、是什么或怎么样。 由动词Verb=V.来充当。谓语和主语在人称和数方面必须保持一致。 宾语:Object=O.,表示动作、行为的对象。及物动词Vt.后可以接双宾语 (即:间接宾语Indirect Object=Oi.; 直接宾语Direct Object=Od.)。 由名词n.、代词pron.或相当于名词代词的短语来充当。 表语:Predicative=P.,说明主语是什么或者怎么样。 由名词n.、形容词adj.、代词pron.或相当于名词、形容词的短语来充当,和连系动词v.一起构成谓语。 补语:Object Complement=Oc.,放在某些及物动词Vt.的宾语O.后面,补充说明宾语的特征, 宾语和补语一起构成复合宾语。 根据谓语动词与其他成分的不同搭配,我们可以将英语句子归纳为以下五种基本句型 (祈使句除外) 1. 主语+不及物动词 S+Vi. Example: The teacher left yesterday. 2. 主语+及物动词+宾语 S+Vt+O. Example: He teaches English. 3. 主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 S+Vt+Oi+Od Example: He teaches us English 或主语+及物动词+直接宾语+for/to+间接宾语 S+Vt +Od+for/to+ Oi He teaches English to us. 4. 主语+连系动词+表语 S+V+P Example: It is fine today. 5. 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语 S+Vt+O+Oc Example:

(完整版)初中英语句子成分及练习

句子的成分 1 名词 Nouns (n.) 表示人或事物的名称 box,pen,tree,apple 2 代词 Pronouns (pron.)代替名词、数词、形容词We,this,them,myself 3形容词Adjectives(adj.) 用来修饰名词,表示人或事物的特征good,sad,high,short 4 数词 Numerals(num.)表示数目或顺序 one,two,first 5 动词 Verb (v.) 表示动作或状态 Jump,sing,visit vt.是及物动词 vt后必须跟宾语:sing a song vi.是不及物动词 vi后不直接带宾语或不带宾语:jump high 6 副词Adverbs(adv.) 修饰动、形、副等词,表示动作特征there,widely,suddenly 7 冠词 Articles (art.) 用在名词前,帮助说明名词所指的范围 a,an,the 8 介词 Prepositions (prep.) 用在名词或代词前,说明它与别的词的关系in,on,down,up 9 连词 Conjunctions (conj.) 表示人或事物的名称if,because,but 10 感叹词Interjections (int.) 代替名词、数词、形容词等oh,hello,hi,yeah 句子是由词按一定语法结构组成的,能表达一个完整的概念的语言单位。句子的开头第一个字母必须要大写,结尾要有句号“.”,问号“?”或感叹号“!”。 句子的成分 组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。英语的基本成分有七种:主语 (S ubject)、谓语(P redicate)、表语(P redicative)、宾语(Object)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial) 和补语(complement)。主语和谓语是句子主体部分(在英文中一般的句子必须有主语和谓语)。表语、宾语和宾语补足语是谓语里的组成部分。其他成分如定语和状语是句子的次要部分。下面我们分别讲述一下句子的各个成分: 1 主语 主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。

英语句子结构讲解

学会分析英语句子(语法基础辅导讲义) 第一讲学会判断分析简单句 一、词类和句子成分的关系、动词概说与五种基本句型 1.语法学习和语法学习的方法 1)语法包括哪些内容? 2)怎样学习语法?(死记活用) 关于英语词类的特点的思考题 2.十大词类中,哪种词类是英语中特有而汉语没有的? 3.哪些词和名词有关系? 4.动词有什么特征?动词分为几种类型? 5.什么是不定式?它和谓语动词有什么区别? 6.哪种词类和动词有关?为什么? 二、什么是句子成分?有哪些句子成分? 1.主谓宾定状补主干枝叶分清楚,哪些是主干?哪些是枝叶? 2.什么是状语和定语? 3. 什么是宾语补助语和主语补助语? 英语语法分为句法和词法。 句法就是造句和运用句子的规则,句法是最基本的语法规则;词法就是词的使用规则,如动词时态、语态、助动词、情态动词、形容词和副词的用法等等。要造出一个正确的句子必须有词法和句法知识,比如要弄懂词类和句子成分的关系,比如形容词做定语,副词做装语;又比如代词所有格做定语;主格做主语;宾格做宾语,等等。 动词只能做谓语,十分重要。时态主要体现在动词上,动词做谓语,因此也就是要弄懂谓语的构成,不同的时态有不同的构成,时态有常用的时间状语,要彻底搞清楚。

一个句子必然有时态、语态。对谓语动词要弄清楚其时态和语态,才能进行肯定句、否定句和疑问句的转换。 语态体现在be 动词+ 过去分词上。不管什么语态的句子都有时态,不同时态的被动语态都有固定的结构。 句子必然有其由句子成分构成的句子结构。五种基本句型很重要,但是没有词类和句子成分的知识。例如不懂动词分为及物和不及物两种就不能懂得 主语+ 谓语+ 宾语; 主语+ 谓语+ 间接宾语+ 直接宾语; 主语+ 谓语+ 宾语+ 宾语补助语这三种句型 一个句子或者是简单句或者是并列句,或者是复合句。要弄清楚:是简单句、并列句还是复合句?是复合句,又有什么从句? 每个句子的句子成分是怎么样的?如果不懂什么是宾语,那么就学不懂宾语从句;如果不懂什么是状语,那么就学不懂状语从句;如果不懂什么是定语,那么就学不懂定语从句;如果不懂什么是表语,那么就学不懂表语从句。 要弄清楚句子成分和结构,要学会从简单句、并列句、复合句三个方面分析句子,才能在阅读和造句时不犯错误。 所谓分析英语句子,就是从结构上分析判断它是简单句、并列句还是复合句? 它们是由什么词类词组充当的?并列句有几个分句?是什么从句?这些句子不管主句还是从句又是怎样构成的?这是大结构大框架的分析。还有从局部如谓语的分析,什么时态?什么语态?词法知识都很重要。还有状语定语的分析也是局部分析。 词类和句子成分的关系 十大词类 要搞清楚句子成分必须搞清楚英语的词类,因为句子成分是由一个一个的词或词组充

英语句子成分和英语句子基本结构讲解及练习

英语句子成分和英语句子基本结构讲解及练习 一、句子的基本结构(5种) 1、主语+谓语(s+v) 2、主语+系动词+表语(s+l+p) 3、主语+谓语+宾语(s+v+o) 4、主语+谓语+间接宾语(指人)+直接宾语(指物) (s+v+io+do) 5、主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语(s+v+o+c) 二、句子成分:(主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾补、同位语、插足语) 1. 主语(subject):句子说明的人或事物。 The sun rises in the east () He likes dancing. () Twenty years is a short time in history. ( ) Seeing is believing. () To see is to believe.() What he needs is a book.() It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.() (一)指出下列句中主语的中心词 ① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. ② There is an old man coming here. ③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. ④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficu lt. 2. 谓语(predicate):是对主语加以陈述,表示主语的行为或状态,常用动词或者动词词 组担任,放在主语的后面。We study English. He is asleep. (二). 选出句中谓语的中心词 ① I don't like the picture on the wall. A. don't B. like C. picture D. wall ② The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get C. days D. summer ③ Do you usually go to school by bus? A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus ④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.

英语五大基本句型结构介绍

句子的基本句型 由主语、谓语动词、表语、宾语、宾语补足语等句子成分,按不同方式可组合成五种基本句型。 句子成分的表示方法: S: Subject主语; V: Verb动词; O: Object宾语; P: Predicative表语; IO: Indirect Object间接宾语; DO:Direct Object 直接宾语

OC: Object Complement宾语补足语; ◇第一种句型:主语+不及物动词(S+V) 该句型所用动词都是不及物动词,其后当然不能接宾语,但是可以用状语修饰谓语动词或整个句子。 He runs fast in the street. 他在街上跑得飞快。 The meeting begins at nine. 会议九点开始。 ◇第二种句型:主语+及物动词+宾语(S+V+DO) 该句型所用动词都是及物动词,可作宾语的有名词、代词、不定式、动名词或短语及从句。 We attended the meeting. 我们出席了那次会议。(名词作宾语) She stopped him. 她叫住了他。(代词作宾语) She wants to ask a question. 她要问一个问题。(不定式作宾语) They enjoy listening to the classic music. 他们喜欢听古典音乐。(动名词作宾语) 注意:一些不及物动词之后加上介词就可以具有及物动词的功能,其后就可以接宾语了。 这一类词组有:listen to 听;look at 看;look after 照看;look for 寻找;arrive at/in 到达等。 May I turn on the light? 我可以开灯吗? What are you looking for? 你在找什么? ◇第三种句型:主语+连系动词+表语(S+V+P) 连系动词的后面必须接表语,说明主语的情况和状态。通常可作表语的是名词或形容词。 She became a lawyer last year. 去年,她成为了一名律师。 He is honest. 他是诚实的。 It is getting colder and colder. 天气渐渐冷了。 It tastes delicious. 这好吃极了。 下列动词也作连系动词使用:look 看起来;smell 闻起来;sound 听起来;taste 尝起来;feel 感觉;keep 保持;grow/go/get/turn变得。 ◇第四种句型:主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+V+IO+DO) (1)宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象,但某些动词,除直接宾语外,还要求一个间接宾语,以表示该动词所表示的动作所及的人或物,通常由名词或代词的宾格担任。 She gave me a ticket for that film. 她给了我一张那部电影的票。

英语句子成分讲解(详细)

英语句子成分讲解 一、定义 1.词类: 名词(n.):表示人或事物的名称。名词分为专有名词和普通名词;普通名词分为可数名词和不可数名词;可数名词分为个体名词和集合名词;不可数名词分为物质名词和抽象名词。 动词(v.):表示动作或状态等。动词根据其后是否可直接跟宾语,可分为两类,分别是:及物动词(可直接跟宾语)、不及物动词(不能直接跟宾语,若要跟宾语,必须加上某个介词)。 形容词(adj.):用来修饰名词或代词。形容词用来修饰名词或代词,表示人或事物的性质、状态,和特征的程度好坏,与否。形容词作定语修饰名词时,要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing结尾的词语时,要放在这些词之后。 副词(adv.):用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。副词是一种用来修饰动词、形容词、全句的词,说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词,是一种半虚半实的词。副词可分为:地点副词、方式副词、程度副词、疑问副词和连接副词。 介词(prep.):用在名词、代词等前面,表示与别的词的关系。介词是一种用来表示词与词、词与句之间的关系的虚词,在句中不能单独作句子成分。介词后面一般跟名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类,短语或从句作它的宾语。介词和它的宾语构成介词词组,在句中作状语,表语,补语或介词宾语。介词分为:地点(位置、范围)介词、方向(目标趋向)介词、时间介词、方式介词、涉及介词、其他介词。 连词(conj.):用来连接词与词或句与句。连词是一种虚词,它不能独立担任句子成分而只起连接词与词,短语与短语以及句与句的作用。连词主要可分为两类:并列连词和从属连词。并列连词用来连接平行的词、词组和分句。从属连词用来引导名词性从句和状语从句。 冠词(art.):用在名词前帮助说明其词义。冠词是位于名词或名词词组之前或之后,在句子里主要是对名词起限定作用的词。冠词是一种虚词,分为定冠词the和不定冠词a、an。 代词(pron.):用来代替名词或数词等。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词,按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为:人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词、连接代词和不定代词九种。 数词(num.):用来表示数量或顺序。表示数目多少的数词叫基数词;表示顺序的数词叫序数词,序数词表示排列的顺序。 感叹词(int.):表示说话时的感情或口气。 2.句子成分: 主语:主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物,主语一般由名词、代词、名词化了的动词、形容词、分词、副词或数词等、动词不定式或不定式短语、从句、某些固定词组等来充当。 谓语:谓语在句子中说明主语的动作,具有的特征或所处的状态。一般放在主语之后。谓语是由简单动词或动词短语(助动词/情态动词+主要动词)构成。 宾语:宾语是指一个动作的接受者。宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语两大类,其中直接宾语指该动作的直接对象,间接宾语说明动作是非直接的,但也是受该动作影响的对象。一般而言,及物动词后面最少要有一个宾语,而该宾语通常为直接宾语,有些及物动词要求两个宾语,则这两个宾语通常一个为直接宾语,另一个为间接宾语。宾语一般由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词、宾语从句等来充当。 表语:表语是说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的词或从句,它常位于系动词(be、become、appear、seem、look、sound、feel、get、smell等词)之后。表语常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动名词、不定式、从句等来充当。

英语句子基本结构

英语句子基本结构 英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下: S十V主谓结构 S十V十F主系表结构 S十V十O主谓宾结构 S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C =宾语补足语五个基本句式详细解释如下: 1.S十V句式 在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: He runs quickly.他跑得快。They listened carefully.他们听得很仔细。 He suffered from cold and hunger.他挨冻受饿。 China belongs to the third world country.中国属于第三世界国 家。 The gas has given out.煤气用完了。 My ink has run out.我的钢笔水用完了。

2.S十V十P句式 在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如: He is older than he looks.他比看上去要老。 He seen interested in the book.他似乎对这本书感兴 趣。 The story sounds interesting.这个故事听起来有趣。 The desk feels hard.书 桌摸起来很硬。 The cake tastes nice.饼尝起来很香。 The flowers smell sweet and nicc.花闻起来香甜。 You have grown taller than before.你长得比以前高 了。 He has suddenly fallen ill.他突然病倒了。 He stood quite still.他静静地站 看。 He becomes a teacher when he grew up.他长大后当了教师。 He could never turn traitor to his country.他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例 如: He looked me up and down.他上下打量我。 He reached his hand to feel the elephant.他伸出手来摸 象。 They are tasting the fish.他们在品尝鱼。

相关文档
相关文档 最新文档