[16] 英语语法：分词练习

请同学们先做练习再听课，不断总结提高！

请同学们先做练习再听课，不断总结提高！

一，改写下列句子,其划线部分应改为分词短语

1. Look round when you cross the street.

2. When she heard the news, she burst into laughter.

3. As she was still rather weak, she could not stay up for too long.

4. Gentlemen always shake hands when they are introduced to each other.

5. A cold rain was falling. It was mixed with snow.

6. While we were walking in the street, we met some friends of ours.

7. The old man walked slowly. He was supported by his little grandson.

8. The ground which is covered with white snow looks very beautiful.

9. There is a tall tree which covers the entrance to the cave.

二，选择填空

1. The danger ________ the world is too many people with too little food.

A. threatening

B. threatened

C. which is threatened

D. to be threatened

2. The man _______ guards is a party leader.

A. following by

B. being followed by

C. followed

D. to be followed by

3. He is an __________ professor.

A. honouring and respected

B. honoured and respected

C. honoured and respecting

D. honouring and respecting

4. The lady __________ us from time to time taught us French..

A. visiting

B. visited

C. to visit

D. having visited

5. The situation proves ______________.

A. encouraging

B. encouraged

C. to encourage

D. being encouraged

6. His actions make him __________, but not his words.

A. respecting

B. respected

C. respect

D. to respect

7. He watched the pictures ____________ on the wall.

A. hang

B. hung

C. hanging

D. being hung

8. David, ___________, ran fast.

A. not being seen anyone

B. not seen by anyone

C. didn’t see anyone

D. wasn’t seen by anyone

9. A __________ gentleman will be the husband of this old widow.

A. young-look

B. young-looking

C. young-looked

D. looking-young

10. How can this __________ school teach children?

A. bad-managing

B. bad-managed

C. badly-managed

D. badly-managing

11. _ ______ nothing to do, we played games.

A. Being

B. I being

C. There being

D. There been

12. __________, we cooked mutton.

A. The fish having fried

B. The fish having been fried

C. The fish had been fried

D. The fish were fried

13. ____________, we went home.

A. After this doing

B. This doing

C. This done

D. This having done

14. I now pay you half the sum, the other half _________ next month.

A. will be paid

B. is paid

C. being paid

D. to be paid

15. I read newspaper with the morning sun ___________ through the window.

A. shines

B. shone

C. shining

D. to shine

16. ___________ together, the situation seems hopeless.

A. Taking all things

B. Taken all things

C. All things taking

D. All things are taken

17. _________ by his report, we have all failed.

A. Judging

B. Judged

C. Being judged

D. Having judged

18. ___________ that you are in the right, you should not get angry.

A. Granted

B. Granting

C. To grant

D. Having granted

19. Forty students of this class have passed this year, ________last year

A. comparing with

B. comparing to

C. compared with

D. compared

20. _________ for several weeks, the city was short of food and clothing.

A. As having flooded

B. As flooded

C. Having been flooded

D. Being flooded

21. ___________ as an old teacher, he is respected by his students.

A. Knowing

B. Having known

C. Known

D. To know

22. _________ tomorrow’s lesson, I have no time to go out with you.

A. Not preparing

B. Not prepare

C. Not being prepared

D. Not having prepared

23. He was so careless that he went out __________ the door___________.

A. to leave; locked

B. leaving; unlocked

C. having left; unlocked

D. leaving; unlocking

24. Because of my broken English, I’m afraid I can’t make myself __________.

A. understand

B. to be understood

C. understanding

D. understood

25. Snow was falling when they went along a path ______ to the mountain top.

A. to lead

B. led

C. leading

D. being led

26. Most of the people ___________ to the party were famous scientists.

A. invited

B. to be invited

C. being invited

D. inviting

27. How I regretted the days _________ in doing the useless work.

A. which were wasted

B. being wasted

C. to be wasted

D. wasting

28. The questions now _________ at the meeting are very important.

A. being discussed

B. to be discussed

C. discussed

D. which is discussing

29. --- I was late this morning.

--- I know. I saw you __________ towards the bus stop.

A. running madly

B. running mad

C. to run madly

D. to run mad

30. She was glad to see her child well _________ care of.

A. take

B. to be taken

C. taken

D. taking

31. The old man felt very sad with his son’s __________ in the battle.

A. killing

B. being killed

C. killed

D. to be killed

32. Why do you have the water ________ all the time?

A. ran

B. to be running

C. running

D. run

33. The students are told to have their exercise _________ in before 5.

A. hand

B. to hand

C. handed

D. handing

34. What he said made us greatly _________.

A. satisfying

B. satisfied

C. satisfy

D. satisfaction

35. What seemed _________ to him didn’t ______ us at all.

A. interesting; interesting

B. interesting; interest

C. interested; interest

D. interesting; interested

36. --- Good morning, can I help you?

--- I’d like to have this package ____________, madam.

A. be weighed

B. to be weighed

C. to weigh

D. weighed

37. _________ more attention, the trees could have grown better.

A. Given

B. To give

C. Giving

D. Having given

38. I remember I heard this song _________ in a concert but I’ve never heard you _________ it.

A. being sung; sang

B. sang; singing

C. sung; sing

D. to be sung; to sing

39. When they saw the Olympic Games, they got very ___________.

A. excite

B. excited

C. excitedly

D. exciting

40. The __________ look on his face suggested that he __________ that.

A. surprising; had expected

B. surprised; hadn’t expected

C. surprising; would expect

D. surprised; shouldn’t expected

41. ___________ the lab, they were taken to see the library.

A. Having shown

B. Having been shown

C. In order to show

D. To have been shown

42. The Olympic Games, __________ in 776 BC, did not include women players until 1912.

A. first playing

B. to be first playing

C. first played

D. to be first playing

43. Just after putting away the dishes, ___________.

A. the doorbell rang loud

B. Nancy heard the doorbell ring

C. someone knocked at the door

D. the doorbell was rung

44. On his visit to the school years later, Peter was astonished to find himself _________ at once.

A. remembering

B. remembered

C. being remembered

D. having remembered

45. All the scientists _________ will attend the lecture.

A. who invited

B. invited

C. that have invited

D. have been invited

46. __ ________, blood ran down his nose.

A. He fell to the ground

B. Falling to the ground

C. When he fell to the ground

D. Having fallen

47. --- Why not light a lamp there?

--- There is a __________ lamp already.

A. lighting

B. lit

C. lighted

D. litted

48. We found the ground covered with ___________ leaves.

A. fallen

B. fell

C. falling

D. having fallen

49. Hearing the news, _____________.

A. and he couldn’t keep back his tears

B. tears came to his eyes

C. she had began to cry

D. she burst into tears

50. __________ from you for months, we missed you very much.

A. Having not heard

B. Not having heard

C. Not heard

D. Not having received

一，改写下列句子,其划线部分应改为分词短语

10. Look round when you cross the street.

(when) crossing the street

11. When she heard the news, she burst into laughter.

(when) hearing the news , she burst into laughter

12. As she was still rather weak, she could not stay up for too long.

(as) being still rather weak , she could not stay up for too long

13. Gentlemen always shake hands when they are introduced to each other.

(when) introduced to each other

14. A cold rain was falling. It was mixed with snow.

A cold rain was falling with(as) Mixed with snow

15. While we were walking in the street, we met some friends of ours.

( while) walking in the street, we met some friends of ours .

16. The old man walked slowly. He was supported by his little grandson.

With(as) Supported by his little grandson 17. The ground which is covered with white snow looks very beautiful.

Covered with white snow

18. There is a tall tree which covers the entrance to the cave.

Covering the entrance to the cave

二，选择填空

A. threatening

B. threatened

C. which is threatened

D. to be threatened

A. following by

B. being followed by

C. followed

D. to be followed by

3. He is an __________ professor.

A. honouring and respected

B. honoured and respected

C. honoured and respecting

D. honouring and respecting

A. visiting

B. visited

C. to visit

D. having visited

5. The situation proves ______________.

A. encouraging

B. encouraged

C. to encourage

D. being encouraged

6. His actions make him __________, but not his words.

A. respecting

B. respected

C. respect

D. to respect

A. hang

B. hung

C. hanging

D. being hung

A. not being seen anyone

B. not seen by anyone

C. didn’t see anyone

D. wasn’t seen by anyone

9. A __________ gentleman will be the husband of this old widow.

A. young-look

B. young-looking

C. young-looked

D. looking-young

A. bad-managing

B. bad-managed

C. badly-managed

D. badly-managing

A. Being

B. I being

C. There being

D. There been

cooked mutton.

A. The fish having fried

B. The fish having been fried

C. The fish had been fried

D. The fish were fried

A. After this doing

B. This doing

C. This done

D. This having done

A. will be paid

B. is paid

C. being paid

D. to be paid

A. shines

B. shone

C. shining

D. to shine

A. Taking all things

B. Taken all things

C. All things taking

D. All things are taken

17. _________ by his report, we have all failed.

A. Judging

B. Judged

C. Being judged

D. Having judged

18. ___________ that you are in the right, you should not get angry.

A. Granted

B. Granting

C. To grant

D. Having granted

19. Forty students of this class have passed this year, ________last year

A. comparing with

B. comparing to

C. compared with

D. compared

A. As having flooded

B. As flooded

C. Having been flooded

D. Being flooded

21. ___________ as an old teacher, he is respected by his students.

A. Knowing

B. Having known

C. Known

D. To know

A. Not preparing

B. Not prepare

C. Not being prepared

D. Not having prepared

A. to leave; locked

B. leaving; unlocked

C. having left; unlocked

D. leaving; unlocking

24. Because of my broken English, I’m afraid I can’t make myself __________.

A. understand

B. to be understood

C. understanding

D. understood

A. to lead

B. led

C. leading

D. being led

A. invited

B. to be invited

C. being invited

D. inviting

A. which were wasted

B. being wasted

C. to be wasted

D. wasting

A. being discussed

B. to be discussed

C. discussed

D. which is discussing

29. --- I was late this morning.

--- I know. I saw you __________ towards the bus stop.

A. running madly

B. running mad

C. to run madly

D. to run mad

30. She was glad to see her child well _________ care of.

A. take

B. to be taken

C. taken

D. taking

A. killing

B. being killed

C. killed

D. to be killed

32. Why do you have the water ________ all the time?

A. ran

B. to be running

C. running

D. run

33. The students are told to have their exercise _________ in before 5.

A. hand

B. to hand

C. handed

D. handing

A. satisfying

B. satisfied

C. satisfy

D. satisfaction

A. interesting; interesting

B. interesting; interest

C. interested; interest

D. interesting; interested

36. --- Good morning, can I help you?

--- I’d like to have this package ____________, ma dam.

A. be weighed

B. to be weighed

C. to weigh

D. weighed

37. _________ more attention, the trees could have grown better.

A. Given

B. To give

C. Giving

D. Having given

38. I remember I heard this song _________ in a concert but I’ve never heard you _________ it.

A. being sung; sang

B. sang; singing

C. sung; sing

D. to be sung; to sing

39. When they saw the Olympic Games, they got very ___________.

A. excite

B. excited

C. excitedly

D. exciting

40. The __________ look on his face suggested that he __________ that.

A. surprising; had expected

B. surprised; hadn’t expected

C. surprising; would expect

D. surprised; shouldn’t expected

A. Having shown

B. Having been shown

C. In order to show

D. To have been shown

42. The Olympic did not include women players until 1912.

A. first playing

B. to be first playing

C. first played

D. to be first playing

43. Just after putting away the dishes, ___________.

A. the doorbell rang loud

B. Nancy heard the doorbell ring

C. someone knocked at the door

D. the doorbell was rung

44. On his visit to the school years later, Peter was astonished to find himself _________ at once.

A. remembering

B. remembered

C. being remembered

D. having remembered

A. who invited

B. invited

C. that have invited

D. have been invited

46. __ ________, blood ran down his nose.

A. He fell to the ground

B. Falling to the ground

C. When he fell to the ground

D. Having fallen

47. --- Why not light a lamp there?

--- There is a __________ lamp already.

A. lighting

B. lit

C. lighted

D. litted

A. fallen

B. fell

C. falling

D. having fallen

49. Hearing the news, _____________.

A. and he couldn’t keep back his tears

B. tears came to his eyes

C. she had began to cry

D. she burst into tears

50. __________ from you for months, we missed you very much.

A. Having not heard

B. Not having heard

C. Not heard

D. Not having received

专升本英语语法重点汇总

专升本英语语法重点汇总 一、动词时态及语态题（大家应该记住我所讲过的九种时态，特别是其中的过去完成，过去进行时，客观真理要用一般现在时等） 1、The manager told us that this factory was built in 1958. 2、By the time we got there，the play had already begun. 3、When I was a child，I knew that the earth turns about its axis. 4、When Mr.Delay got home after a day's exhausting work，his wife and children were sleeping. 二、非谓语动词题（特别是现在分词与过时分词的区别，大家一定要弄明白主动与被动这对最最重要的区别，要求大家多看我的上课笔记） 1、The film showed last night was very moving. （不用moved，大家别忘了-ed形容词和-ing形容词的区别） 2、Having finishing his lecture，the teacher asked if anyone wished to asked a question. 3、The problem being discussed is very important. 4、Given more time，we are sure to finish it. 5、Will you please make yourself known to everyone here 三、It作形式主语及形式宾语题（这也是一个常考点，it本身是没有意思的，注意it 还可以指时间，天气等。） 1、It is difficult to study English wel l. 2、We think it is important to pass the exam. 四、强调句型（大家要记住的是it is （was）……that…，如果前面是it iswas 后面往往选用that，当然强调人的时候也可用who） 1、It was at an evening party that I first saw her. 2、It is what you will do that is important. 3、When was it that he bought a new car 五、倒装句型

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子邮件。 He suggested taking my daughter to the zoo the next Sunday. 他建议下个星期天带我女儿去动物园。 B. 动词-ing形式的完成式 动词的-ing形式的完成式表示一个已完成的动作，这个动作发生或完成在谓语动词表示的动作之前。 Having lived in this city for three years, she knows it very well. 在这个城市生活了3年，她对这里已很熟悉。 I really regretted having missed such an exciting lecture. 错过了这么振奋人心的演讲，我真的很遗憾。 注意： 在现代英语中，作宾语的-ing形式的完成式可用一般式来代替。 I really regretted missing such an exciting lecture. 错过了这么振奋人心的演讲，我真的很遗憾。(=I really regretted having missed such an exciting lecture.) We remembered seeing the film. 我们记得看过这部电影。(=We remembered having seen the film. ) C. 动词-ing形式的被动形式 动词的-ing形式的被动形式表示它的逻辑主语是-ing形式表示的动作的承受者。 1．一般式的被动形式 The question being discussed is very important. 正在讨论的问题很重要。

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(word完整版)高中英语语法全解-过去分词

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Such a thing has never been heard of before. 这样的事闻所未闻。 3. 表示"据说"或"相信" 的词组，基本上由believe, consider, declare, expect, feel , report, say, see, suppose, think, understand等组成。例如： It is said that…据说 It is reported that… 据报道 It is believed that…大家相信 It is hoped that…大家希望 It is well known that… 众所周知 It is thought that…大家认为 It is suggested that…据建议 It i s taken granted that…被视为当然 It has been decided that… 大家决定 It must be remember that… 务必记住的是

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1. _______ born in China, the boy was brought up in the USA. A. Although B. Since C. As D. When 【翻译】虽然这个男孩是在北京出生的，但却是在美国长大的。 ［考点］状语从句 【精析】 A 分析句意可知，本句应为although引导的让步状语从句，表示“虽然，即使”的意思。因为主从句主语和谓语一致，所以从句中although后省略了“the boy was”。although与but不能同时出现。since和as均引导原因状语从句，as也可引导让步状语从句，但是需用倒装形式；when引导时间状语从句。 2. _______ is known to all, haste makes waste. A. What B. That C. As D. Which 【翻译】众所周知，欲速则不达。 ［考点］词语搭配 【精析】 C 常用搭配“As is known to all”意思“众所周知”，是as引导的非限制性定语从句，as指代逗号后面的整个主句，并在从句中充当主语。如：As is known to all, war is serious.众所周知，战争是残酷的。 3. That is the very old woman _______ house was burned down last night. A. which B. her C. of whom D. whose 【翻译】这正是那位老妇人，她的房子昨晚被烧掉了。 ［考点］定语从句 【精析】 D whose为关系代词，指人，是先行词old woman的所有格，在从句中充当house的定语。 4. Hardly had he finished his speech _______ the audience started cheering. A. than B. then C. when D. as soon as 【翻译】他刚一演讲完，观众就开始欢呼。 ［考点］词语搭配 【精析】 C 固定搭配“Hardly...when...”表示“一……就……”，另有“no sooner...than”和“Scarcely...when”均表示相同的意思。 5. _______ the book, he found out some answers to this question. A. As he reading B. At his reading C. As reading D. On reading 【翻译】刚读这本书，他就发现了这个问题的答案。 ［考点］词语搭配 【精析】 D on doing意为“一……就……”。此处的on相当于as soon as,引导状语从句。表示从句中的动作的时间比主句中动作的时间稍提前一点。 6. The spacecraft will send back _______ on surface winds and temperatures. A. many new information B. some new information C. a new information D. a few new information 【翻译】太空飞船将会发送一些新的关于表面风和温度的信息。 ［考点］词语搭配

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江苏省专转本英语考试语法重点大全 一）倒装句 谓语动词放在主语之前的这种语法现象称为倒装。从倒装的形式来看，可分为全部倒装(full inversion)和部分倒装(partial inversion)两种。前者是指整个谓语置于主语之前，而后者仅是指助动词、情态动词或be 动词等功能置于主语之前。 一、全部倒装 1、句首为there be, stand, lie, exist, remain, appear, seem, come 等时，引出全部倒装。 There stands a stone bridge across the river. There stands an old pine tree on the summit of the mountain. 2、句首为状语方位词或表示地点的介词短语： Then from the portable radio in the corner came the announcer’s voice.从角落里的便携式收音机里传来了播音员的声音。 At his side lay Eva Brown. 在他的身旁躺着的是爱娃.布劳恩。 3、以here, there, now, then等开头的句子，位于常用be, come, go, begin, follow 等，引出倒装： There goes the bell. 铃响了。 Here comes the bus. 汽车来了。 Now come your turn. 现在轮到你了。 但是，如主语是代词而不是名词时则不发生倒装。 4、在表示动作的简短句子里，为了生动，可把副词放于句首引出倒装。

专升本英语语法知识归纳(完整版)

一时态和语态：16种表现形式 一、一般现在时（do/does;am/is/are) 考点如下： 1.时间状语： 2.表示客观事实，永恒真理和规律。 必考点1：3.（主将从现）在时间和条件状语从句中，从句中的谓语动词用一般现在时表示一般将来时。 考法：If you pass the spoken English test,you will get a chance to go abroad. 解析：考试一般都会给出时间/条件连词，且从句中的时态，让考生们选择主句中的时态。 注意1：如果从句中的时态是do/does,那么主句中是will do/shall do/be going to do/be about to do/be to do.(be动词为am/is/are;这里will do出现的考点频率最高）注意2：如果从句中的时态是did,那么主句中是would do/shouldl do/be going to do/be about to do/be to do.(be动词为was/were;这里would/should do出现的考点频率最高） 2.He_______as soon as he finishes his homework. A.goes to bed B.will goes to bed C.went to bed D.will go to bed 主将从现例题：用所给词的适当形式填空： 1.If he_______(study)harder,he will catch up with us soon. 2.Frank_______(see)a film if he’s free next Saturday. 3.We won’t go to the park if it________(rain)tomorrow. 注意3：主句中暗含一般将来时，从句中仍然用一般现在时（do/does)： 1.the new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she______ a.will arrive b.arrives c.is arriving d.is going to arrive

专升本英语考点汇总

专升本英语考试题型 试卷题型及分值分布表

语法考点复习 时态与语态 一般现在时： 考点一：表示永恒的真理，即使出现在过去的语

境中，仍用一般现在时，如： I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school. 考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，从句用一般现在时代替代替一般将来时；常用的引导词有：until/when/before/as soon as /the moment/if/unless I will not attend the conference if it rains tomorrow. He won’t know the truth unless you tell him. 现在完成时 表示动作发生在过去，完成在过去，但强调与现在情况仍有联系，其结果或者影响仍然存在。有

标志性的时间状语； He has open ed the door. I have bought a computer. 考点一：for +时间段；since+时间，主句用现在完成时 They have lived in Beijing for five years. They have lived in Beijing since 1995. 考点二：常见的不确定的时间状语：Lately, recently, already, yet, so far，up till now Has it stopped raining yet? 考点三：表示”第几次做某事“或者”it is （最高级）the best (worst, most interesting)，主句用一般现在时，从句用现在完成时。 This is the first time that I have visited

高中英语语法：动词用法讲解

高中英语语法之动词用法讲解 动词的分类 动词按其在句中所充当的句子成分分为谓语动词和非谓语动词 一.谓语动词: 用于谓语中的动词称为谓语动词. 按照其能否独立作谓语, 谓语动词又可分为两类: 1.能独立作谓语的动词称为完全动词, 即实义动词; 2.不能独立作谓语的动词称为不完全动词, 包括: 连系动词, 情态动词, 助动词 连系动词有两种: ①.表示特征状态, 如: be, appear看起来, seem看来,似乎, look 看起来, sound听起来, smell闻起来, taste尝起来, feel 摸起来, remain仍然是; ②.表示变化过程, 如: become变成, get成为, grow变得, turn变成, go变得, prove证明是 情态动词和助动词参看其他章节 二.非谓语动词: 不充当谓语的动词形式称为非谓语动词, 包括: 不定式, 分词(现在分词和过去分词, 动名词三种, 它们在句中可以充当主语, 宾语, 表语, 定语, 状语等, 具体细节参看第十一章. 三.使用实义动词时要注意的问题: 1.实义动词分为及物与不及物, 及物动词要求有宾语, 能用于被动语态; 不及物 动词不能有宾语, 不能用于被动语态 2.实义动词还可分为持续动词与瞬间动词, 前者可以与表示段时间的时间状语 连用, 而后者不可. 但瞬间动词的否定式表示“该动作没有发生”, 可视为一种可持续的状态, 并可与段时间状语连用 a. They watched the train leave for five minutes. ( watch是持续动词

b. I received his letter yesterday. ( receive是瞬间动词 c. How long have you joined the army ?(错误: joined是瞬间动词, 不能与段时间how long连用 d. When did you join the army ? (正确 e. How long have you been in the army ? (正确 f. How long may I borrow the book ? (错误: borrow是瞬间动词, 不能与段时间how long连用 g. How long may I keep the book ? (正确 h. I haven’t received his letter f or almost two months. (not receive表示“没有收到”, 这一意思可视为一种持续的状态, 因此可以和段时间two months连用 四.短语动词的种类: 共有五种不同的短语动词 1. “动词+介词”: 相当于一个及物动词, 如: depend on, look for 2. “动词+副词”: 有的相当于及物动词, 如: look up(查找, 有的相当于不及物动词, 如: slow down(慢下来. 这类短语动词的宾语是代词时, 只能放在动词和副词之间, 如: call her up; 这类短语动词的宾语是名词时, 既可放在动词和副词之间, 也可放在副词之后, 如: call Tom up或call up Tom 3. “动词+副词+介词”: 相当于一个及物动词, 如: keep away from 4. “动词+名词+介词”: 相当于一个及物动词, 如: lose sight of 5. “be +形容词+介词”: 相当于一个及物动词, 如: be worthy of 动词的形式 一.动词的基本形式有: ①.原形; ②.单数第三人称现在时形式, 即词尾加– s / - es;

专升本考试英语语法总结

目录 一、句子成分与基本结构(包括时态） ? 主语 subject 谓语 predicate 宾语 object 宾语补足语 object complement 表语 predictive 定语 attributive 状语 adverbial WARM-UP：1)The teacher in the classroom. 2)Sang many songs and danced happily. 3)She attracts. 4)Many people living in the country. 5)All the books on the desk over there. 以上这些形式都不能构成英语句子。 英语句子(sentence)=主语+谓语（核心：主动词）

I．八大成分的概念和构成 1．主语(名词代词形)：句子的主体，是谓语陈述，说明的对象。 If you want the rainbow you have to put up with the rain. 不经历风雨，怎么见彩虹。 The secret of success is to start from scratch and keep on scratching. 成功的秘诀在于从磨练开始，并要坚持不断磨练。 充当主语的形式：1）名词2）代词3）名词短语4）名词从句5）数词6）不定式7）-ing形式8）介词短语（少见） 形式主语（名词从句，不定式，动名词）（见第六讲主语和宾语） 2．谓语：表示主语的行为或进行的活动。 I have a dream. You don’t always want what you need, or need what you want. 所需之物未必皆所欲，所欲未必皆所需。 谓语形式：动词（英语句子的灵魂） 3．宾语：行为或活动的对象，接受者或受影响者。 You don’t find opportunities…you make them. 你找不到机会。你得去创造机会。 You probably won’t hear opportunity knock if your television is always on. 如果你常开着电视，你就可能听不到机会的敲门声。 充当宾语形式：1）名词2）代词3）名词短语4）名词从句5）数词6）不定式7）-ing形式 形式宾语（名词从句，不定式，动名词）（见第六讲主语和宾语） 4．表语：说明主语的身份和情况。(跟在系动词后) Time is money. Three o’clock is always too late or too early for anything you want to do. 你想做什么事，三点钟总是太早或太迟。 构成形式：1）名词2）形容词3）代词4）数词5）不定式6）ing形式7）过去分词8）副词9）介词短语10）小品词 11）名词从句 5．补语：补充说明。（由动词类别来决定） 构成形式：1）名词2）代词3）形容词4）数词5）不定式6）-ing形式7）过去分词8）介词短语 9）副词小品词10）名词从句 主语补语 Tom was made monitor. 宾语补语 I made Tom monitor. 表语补语 I am sure to succeed. 6. 定语：对名词性形式进行范围限定。 This is beautiful music. There are only two kinds of music…good and bad. 自古音乐分两种，好的和坏的。 构成形式：1）限定词2）形容词3）名词4）数词5）不定式6）-ing形式7）过去分词 8）介词短语9）副词10）关系从句