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新闻学专业外语新闻第三来源

一新闻来源（Source of News）

西方的报刊惯于以“客观、公正”标榜自己，如路透社的办报格言就是“以维护新闻报道的独立性和正直性为己任”（to safeguard the independence and integrity of the news service）。因而英文新闻报道，无论是记者采写的稿子还是电讯稿，习惯上都标明信息的出处，对有关的新闻事实、言论、意见交代来历，以示报道的真实性、客观性和可信性，说明记者没有掺进个人主观的态度。其交代手法有两种。

1.有名有姓地交代确切的消息来源，包括机构或个人

LONDON（Reuters）President Bush said on Tuesday he would not back down（屈服，让步）over his plans for a national missile defense system or his opposition to the Kyoto Global Warming Pact（防止全球变暖京都议定书）.例如：

WASHINGTON（CNN）Sen. Edward Kennedy, D-Massachusetts, on Monday launched a withering election-year attack on President Bush’s domestic agenda and again blasted him over his handling of Iraq. “Iraq is George Bush’s V ietnam,”Kennedy declared in a speech at the Brookings Institution, a think tank.

HONG KONG（AP）Beijing refused permission for a U. S. warship to make a routine port call in Hong Kong-turning down the first such American request since the spy plane crisis last month, a U. S. official said Tuesday.

In a study commissioned y the White House, the National Academy of Sciences said Wednesday that global warming“is real and particularly strong within the past 20 years”and said a leading cause is emissions of carbon dioxide from burning fossil fuels.

SHANGHAI（Reuters）The United States and China on Saturday said they had reached consensus on issues holding up Beijing’s entry to the World Trade Organization and would work toward bringing China into the global trade body by year-end.

GENEV A（AP）The Earth’s temperature in the year 2001 is expected to be the second highest since global records began 140 years ago, the U.N. weather agency said Tuesday, more proof of global warming caused by humans.

2.酌情含蓄地注明信息的出处

众所周知，新闻是对发生的事实进行客观报道，读者比较忌讳记者出面评论，因而西方记者经常采用含蓄的方法来表明消息的出处，这样既表述了作者的观点或预测，又避免作者本人出面来评论。例如：

By DANIEL Q. HANEY, AP Medical Editor ORLANDO, Fla. Getting plenty of vitamin E by eating foods like nuts and olive oil appears to cut in half people’s risk of bladder cancer, the fourth leading cancer killer among men, a new study suggests.

WASHINGTON（CNN）The final report from the 9\11 commissions will recommend creating a Cabinet-level post to oversee intelligence responsibilities that are spread across the government, according to a source familiar with the document.

一般来说有名有姓的消息来源较可靠，而酌情含蓄地交代信息来源，则不排除记者本人的观点和推测。在新闻英语里source或sources是指信息出处，经常出现在新闻报道中，翻译成中文时一般译为“人士”，这是根据其在此处特有的含义所做的贴切的翻译。西方记者常采用以下方法表明消息的来历：消息来源

An unidentified source 不愿透露姓名的人士

Authoritative source 权威人士

Analysts 分析家

Diplomatic sources 外交人士

Sources close to…接近……方面的人士

Military experts 军事专家

Defense analysts防务分析家

Financial quarters 金融界

Industrial quarters 工业界

Military sources 军方人士

Diplomatic observers 外交观察家

Official sources 官方人士

Reliable sources 消息可靠人士

W ell-informed sources 消息灵通人士

The sources close to the authorities said…接近官方人士说According to unconfirmed reports…根据未证实的报道

Foreign radios announce d…据外电报道

Foreign wire services were quoted as saying 缓引外国通讯社的消息说

According to commercial quarters 据商业界

According to the data made available here据此间获得的资料According to witnesses 据目击者

A military spokesman sai d…军事发言人说

Researchers reporte d…调查报道

According to the officia l…据官方

Spokesman / spokesperson for…发言人

BAGHDAD, Iraq（CNN） A U.S. soldier has died of wounds he suffered in fighting in Baghdad late Thursday, a U.S. military spokesman said.

WASHINGTON（Reuters） Most people would trade a few months of life if it meant a more comfortable death, U.S. researchers reported.

According to the official, who spoke on condition of anonymity, the shootings of the revered royals were prompted by a dispute over the crown prince’s marriage because his mother, the queen, reportedly objected to his choice of mate. The queen was 51.

二地名及建筑物拟人化

（Personification of Place and Building）

新闻英语已形成了自己独特的写作风格，地名和建筑物名称的拟人化是西方记者在新闻报道中经常采用的手法，用各国首都名称替代各国或其政府，用事物和建筑物的特征及街道等名称代表有关的政府机构，使新闻报道更活泼更富有色彩，这是英文新闻写作的一大特色。例如下列标题和句子采用地名拟人化手法：

Washington remains more skeptical that London about Libya’s progress. U. S. officials say Libya must further improve its human rights record and end support for terrorism before Washington restores diplomatic relations and removes wide-ranging sanctions.

On Friday, the Pentagon announced that the U. S. military will not use certain prisoner interrogation procedures in Iraq and Afghanistan, including sleep and sensory deprivation, as a result of the Abu Ghraib prison scandal.

Capitol Hill-AP The House has struck the words of a Florida lawmaker after she said the GOP（Grand Old Party,共和党）“stole”the 2000 election.

The offer came after R. O. Korea said it was ready to give energy assistance to the power-starved country if Pyongyang froze its nuclear program and took steps toward dismantlement。

以上这些地名和建筑物名称经常出现在西方的新闻报道中，如果读者不熟悉其含义是无法读懂英文报刊的。另外，在英语报刊上，对一些组织和人物，西方记者经常采用其特征进行代指。

三富有人情味（Human Interest）

西方新闻报道的准则之一就是富有人情味。因策，记者总是寓人情味于新闻写作之中。例如在报道新闻事件的同时，用简洁的语言交代新闻人物的年龄、外观、衣着及特征，如果有可能的话，甚至七婚姻、家庭及子女情况也交代一下，这样可增强新闻报道的色彩和可读性。读者可以注意或吸收这一类背景材料表达的多样性和技巧。下面这篇报道是关于伊拉克前总统的消息，记者积极地采用了这种写法，试看伊拉克前总统萨达姆和他的同僚在被捕后第一次面对法官的神情。

在以上的例子中，有些背景材料的交代是作为插入语，这是英语新闻写作常见的手法，使一个单句尽可能包含较多的信息。又如：

The twin 110-story World Trade Center towers, lay toppled and in ruins. The Pentagon, the nerve-center of the nation’s military, was severely damaged with flames still burning late into Tuesday night. NBD News quoted sources as saying at least 800 died when the passenger jet slammed into the fortress-like building.

这是关于“9·11”事件发生后的现场报道，斜体部分的插入语使句子显得更加生动。

第四章新闻写作体裁

（Style of News Writing）

英语报刊的文章大致分为新闻摘要(news brief)、新闻报道（news report）、评论（review）和特写（feature）。新闻摘要和新闻报道被称为硬新闻（hard news），而评论和特写被称

为软新闻（soft news）。

一新闻摘要（News Brief）

新闻摘要在报刊上常用（News Brief）或（News Summary）等字样标出，报道新近发生的重要国内外事件。一般报纸上的新闻摘要比杂志上的新闻摘要短，且多数不超过100

字。其写作特点接近于新闻导语，但比新闻导语略为详细。

One of FBI’s most wanted captured CHICAGO, Illinois（AP）An Illinois man on the FBI’s 10 Most Wanted list for allegedly stalking and killing two former girlfriends has been captured in Mexico, the FBI announced Friday.

Michael Alfonso is accused in the shooting death of 28-year-old Genoveva V elasquez in June 2007 in the parking lot of a restaurant were she worked, and of 23-year-old Sumanear Yang in 2006

He was arrested recently after a person in Mexico recognized him from the television show “America’s Most Wanted”and called authorities, FBI spokesman Frank Bochte said.

Alfonso, who is a registered sex offender in Illinois, legally changed his name from Michael Alfonso Johnson after Yang disappeared, according to the FBI.

以上是一篇关于美国联邦调查局通缉十大罪犯被捕归案的报道，摘要简单地通告了他被通缉的原因及被捕的过程。

公众普遍关心的热点新闻。比如：

White House Refuses to Release Summary of Iraq WMD（大规模毁灭性武器）

WASHINGTON The White House refused to release a prewar intelligence summary compiled for US President George W. Bush of Iraq’s banned weapons that Democrats said on Wednesday had given him none of the dissenting views included in more comprehensive intelligence reports.

二新闻报道（News Report）

新闻报道是报刊文章最常用的体裁，内容涉及国内外政治、经济、军事、法律、科技和体育。新闻报道除了实践发生的结果之外，还要报道其过程和细节，有时还需交代背景知识。

Girl burned when cell phone catches fire

Thursday, July 1, 2009

A cell phone and jeans pocket are charred after the phone suddenly caught fire Thursday. A 16-year-old California girl suffered second-degree burns Thursday when her cell phone caught fire in her back pocket, according to the Ontario Fire Department. The teenager was volunteering at an Ontario youth recreation center. When witnesses heard

a loud “whooshing”sound, said Frank Huddleston, a fire department investigator. Huddleston said the victim didn’t even know what was happening, and witnesses said they thought it was fireworks. Witness then saw her pocket explode with smoke and fire, he said,

the girl was in a kitchen and near a pot of water, so the flames were quickly extinguished. Huddleston said, the victim was transported to Chino Valley Medical Center where she was treated and released with small second-degree burns to her right buttock. The phone is a

Verizon Kyocera, but because of damage investigators could not tell the model number.

·extinguish（vt.扑灭）

三评论（Review）

报刊上的评论文章包括社论、新闻评论、新闻分析、评论员文章、文艺评论、书评、影评等，多种多样。对当前国内外发生的某些事件和动向发表个人的或集体的意见和看法，与新

闻有紧密联系。

A Historical Event for the Chinese

Nation

（Xinhua Commentary）Today, the world has chosen Beijing. And the world’s attention is turning to Beijing. When members of the International Olympic Committee（IOC）cast their final votes for Beijing tonight, the world demonstrated its trust in Beijing and pinned its hopes on

China.

In a rapidly changing world, it takes great courage, vision and insight to choose the best venue for a global event to be held seven years from now. The members have cast their solemn votes

for Beijing, capital of the world’s largest developing country. Their wisdom has allowed them to see into the future and proved to them that in seven years, Beijing and the whole of China will be home to a stable society, a prosperous economy and a well-off

population, that the country’s

transportation and environmental situation will be greatly improved, and that the cause of democracy and rule of law will continually advance. Beijing’s winning of the bid to host the 2008 Olympic Games is another milestone in China’s rising international status and a historical event in the great renaissance of the Chinese nation. The spirit of the Olympic Games goes beyond political systems, ideological differences, cultural traditions and races, and is universally accepted and respected by the whole world. The

competition to host the Games is one featuring comprehensive national

strength, economic potential, technological power and cultural charm. It is a competition for national image and status. Winning the host right means winning the respect, trust and favor of the international community. Today, Beijing has won such trust. It is a victory for Beijing. It is a victory for China, and it is a victory for the

Olympic spirit.

China has a population of 1.3 billion people, and a market potential no

investor can resist. Beijing has exciting plans for the Games; moreover, its citizens have great enthusiasm for hosting the event. The highest public support rate among the five candidate cities can be seen on the scrolls of signatures of Chinese people worldwide that seem to stretch from the Great Wall

to Lausanne, and to Athens.

The world has felt Beijing’s strength and been moved by its sincerity. As mankind enters the new century, there is a consensus among all the people: It is time for Beijing to host the Olympic Games. It is time for the Olympic torch to light the Great Wall. It is time for nearly 1.3 billion people to have a

nightlong carnival.

Tonight is also a night of celebration for the Olympic cause. Allowing the Olympic torch to light China is the best way to promote the globalization of the Olympic Games. An Olympic Games in the world’s fastest-growing economy will create tremendous business opportunities, and will offer a rare chance for the IOC to strengthen its financial resources and to boost the

world economy.

And of course, no one can deny that

when people from all parts of the world gather in Beijing, the interchange between the Chinese and Western cultures will be unprecedented in the history of human civilization. When the Olympics embrace Beijing, both are winners.

·venue（n.比赛地点）

·renaissance （n.复兴，复活）

·carnival（n.狂欢）

四特写（Feature）

广义地说，凡不属于硬新闻（hard news）这一范围的稿件都可称为特写。例如新闻特写与新闻报道的主要差别在于它的目地不是报道新闻事件，而是从新闻事态发展的某一个角度，讲述广大读者关心的种种情况和问题，给读者提供与新闻有关的东西。新闻特写、解

释性特写、旅途特写。

以下这篇文稿是一篇讴歌二战老兵的特写。本篇特写文字优美，情景交融，夹叙夹议，

是一篇模范特写。

Freedom is their legacy

December 7, 2003

World War 11 generation is passing, but stories keep selfless acts of

heroism alive

By Phil Richards

Leaves rustled underfoot, and

late-autumn clouds marched in passing formations across the sky’s blue parade ground. An order was barked. Seven rifles swung skyward as one. Once they cracked. Twice. And a third time.

The sharp report of the 21-gun salute was still fading across the green hills of Washington Park East Cemetery when the haunting plaint of the lone bugler rose. “Taps”was the final salute for Howard F. Fenter, 84, an Indianapolis resident and a World War 11 veteran who served in the Philippines as a sergeant with the ARMY Signal Corps. The honor guard was made up of 10 men from the Marion County Veterans Burial Association. Seven were World War 11 veterans, among them Don Martinie, a retired heating and air conditioning specialist who served in the Pacific as an Army Air Forces bombsight technician. Like the rest, he serves on a volunteer,

honored-to-do-it basis.

“I kind of feel guilty. I’m alive, and they’re still gone,” said Martinie, whose late father, Ralph, a World War 1 veteran, founded the burial team during the late 1930s. “That’s the way I feel when I bury a veteran.

I don’t think I’ll ever get used to it, but it needs to be done, so I do it. ”As do his colleagues. They do it out of respect. They do it out of a sense of duty. They do it often. The funeral was the association’s second of the day, the third of four that late-October week. America’s World War 11 veterans are aging, and slipping away.

Of the 16.1 million who served in the American military during World War 11, 4.4 million survive, and the Department of Veterans Affairs estimates their numbers will decline by more than 50 percent by 2010. Indiana’s World War 11

veterans population is about 90,000, and they are dying at a rate of 21 a day ,almost 8,000 a year.

The armies of more than 50 countries fought in World War 11. So did six men who would become U. S. presidents and seven men who would serve as Indiana governors. They were shaped by their experiences, as were all who served, and almost everyone served. “Rosie the Riveter”built tanks. Steve McQueen drove them. Julia Child processed

intelligence with the Office of Strategic Services in China and Ceylon. And like millions of the Office of everyday Americans, Tom Kirsch just did his job. He laid his life on the line as a rifleman in the South Pacific, then

came home to lay bricks in

Indianapolis.]

When their country called, they pitched in. It was a generation born to

adversity, raised during the Depression, trained to pitch in.

Before he was drafted, Martinie had helped his father with the chickens and cow they kept at their Eastside home.

They sold the eggs and milk.

Before she enlisted in the Women’s

Army Corps, Marjorie Stepp, of Indianapolis, helped her mother with the extra housework. They took in roomers for a few cents a day.

They returned from the war to become the fathers and mothers of the baby boom, of the great middle class and a stronger, more prosperous America.

You know them. They are our fathers, our grandfathers and grand-mothers, our great-uncles and –aunts. They are the old man across the street or in the

church pew behind you on Sunday.

They are Jim Baize, John Vaught and Leonard Rose. They are heroes in our

midst.

五专栏作家和特稿社

专栏就是指报刊上的一方相对固定的版面，用以刊登专栏作家的文章。专栏作家李普曼从1931年9月8日开始为《纽约先驱论坛报》撰写“Today and Tomorrow”（《今日与明日》）专栏。持续36年之久，成为美国报刊史上历时最久，内容最广泛，影响最大的专栏。专栏作家所使用的写作形式和体裁十分广泛，有政论文、记叙文、随笔、特

写、讽刺和幽默小品

等。

Chang Hsueh-liang, Passed away in the US Chang Hsueh-liang, a great Chinese patriot, passed away on Sunday at 20:50

local time, at his residence in Hawaii, the United States.

Chinese President Jiang Zemin has sent a message of condolence to relatives of the former general. Jiang, also general

secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China （CPC）, in his message spoke highly of Chang’s historic contributions and expressed deep grief on behalf of the CPC and the

Chinese people.

Jiang described him as a “great

patriot,” saying Chang had made historic contributions to “ending the 10-year （1927-1937） civil war, helping realize the second cooperation between the Kuomintang and the CPC, and making the whole nation take part in the War of Resistance Against Japanese

Aggression.” He said the CPC

and the Chinese people will always cherish the memory of Chang Hsueh-liang.

Together with General Yang Hucheng, General Chang Hsueh-liang helped the Communist Party of China （CPC） to pressure Chiang Kai-shek, leader of the then Kuomintang regime, to sign an

agreement, on December 12,1936, which

began the War

of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression（1937-1945）.

The Chinese Consulate General in Los Angeles presented a wreath.

While Chang was very ill, Xu Shiguo, China’s acting consul-general to Los Angeles, visited him in Hawaii, to convey the regards of Chinese leaders,

the government and

the Foreign Ministry.

During the visit, Xu praised Chang for his special contribution to the reunification of the motherland and the emancipation of the nation. The Chinese at home and abroad will always remember his merits, Xu told the old man.

Upon hearing the news of Chang’s death, the governments of northeast China’S Liaoning Province and Haicheng City, Chang’s hometown, also sent

messages of condolences to his relatives.

According to records, Chang was put under house arrest by the Kuomintang regime after the Xi’an Incident which is regarded as a great boost to the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, brought to Taiwan in 1949, when the Kuomintang regime

was toppled by the CPC-led revolution and then fled to the island province, On December 15, 1993, Chang left Taiwan, for the first time in 44 years,

to visit

his relatives in the United States, and in 1995, settled in Hawaii. ·condolence（n.悼词）·emancipation（n.解放）

·merits（n.勋绩）

建筑结构设计中英文对照外文翻译文献

中英文对照外文翻译 (文档含英文原文和中文翻译) Create and comprehensive technology in the structure global design of the building The 21st century will be the era that many kinds of disciplines technology coexists , it will form the enormous motive force of promoting the development of building , the building is more and more important too in global design, the architect must seize the opportunity , give full play to the architect's leading role, preside over every building engineering design well. Building there is the global design concept not new of architectural design,characteristic of it for in an all-round way each element not correlated with building- there aren't external environment condition, building , technical equipment,etc. work in coordination with, and create the premium building with the comprehensive new technology to combine together. The premium building is created, must consider sustainable development , namely future requirement , in other words, how save natural resources as much as possible, how about protect the environment that the mankind depends on for existence, how construct through high-quality between architectural design and building, in order to reduce building equipment use quantity and

新闻学概论读书笔记

新闻学概论读书笔记【篇一：新闻学概论读书笔记】院系班级：新闻传播和影视艺术学院新闻学新闻1403班姓名：刘铃学号：2 新闻，是用心感受的“心闻” 读《看见》有感读完整本《看见》，我最大的触动就是这不是我平时在电视上面看到的采访，这是心和心之间的交流和互动。在这本书里，柴静将她的那些值得铭记的采访和经历展现给了我们，给我们感动，也给我们力量；但最多的，是鞭策着我们去思考。我曾经以为，记者这一职业就是简简单单的惩恶扬善的职业。作为记者，就是当重大事件发生后第一时间赶到现场并将事件报道出来使公众知晓。记者，就是客观公正地报道事实和真相，无需夹杂着我们的私人情感。唯一需要尊奉的，就是新闻的真实性和客观性。毕竟，事实是新闻的本源，真实是新闻的本质要求。并且我一直认为倘若日后我从事了新闻传播行业，客观公正将是我报道的准则。但是，在《看见》里，我看到了不一样的新闻报道。柴静在“沉默在尖叫”一章中这样定义采访的：采访是生命间的往来，认识自己越深，认识他人越深，反之亦然。并且柴静的一句话深切地诠释了这一定义：他人经受的，我必经受。在这里，我似乎看到了采访中的人文关怀。记者这一职业开始在我的心中变得鲜活起来。作为采访者，倘若不以平等的地位和受访者进行交流的话，恐怕

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外文参考文献

JIU JIANG UNIVERSITY 中英文文献翻译题目RFID射频识别技术概述院系信息科学与技术学院专业计算机科学与技术姓名武晓杰班级学号A121238 二Ｏ一五年十二月

RFID basic principle What is the RFID RFID is the abbreviation for Radio Frequency Identification, called electronics label . What is the RFID technology RFID recognition is a non-contact automatic identification technology, rf signal through its automatic target recognition and access to relevant data, identify work without manual intervention, it can work in various environments. RFID technology can identify high-speed moving objects and can identify multiple tags, the operation is fast and convenient. Accenture laboratory's chief scientist sir alex ferguson feels RFID is a breakthrough technology: "first, can identify a very specific objects, rather like the code that can identify class objects; second, the use of rf, can read data through external materials, and bar code must rely on laser to read information; third, can also read on to multiple objects, and bar code can only read one by one. In addition, store of information is also very big." What is the basic component of RFID The most basic RFID system consists of three parts: ·Tag:Tag consists of components and chips, each Tag has only electronic coding, adhere to the object for identifiering target; ·Reader:read (sometimes also can write) label information equipment,it can be designed for portable or fixed; ·Antenna:Transmit radio frequency signals between in the label and reader. The basic principle of RFID technology is what The basic principle of RFID technology is not complex:Label into the field, Receive radio frequency signals from reader collision, with all the energy stored in a chip of the product information （passive tag, there is no source label or labels ）, Or actively to

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Construction of rock or soil in the construction. It is a modern city of high-speed product development, the city will again ease the contradictions of the role to improve the living environment, but also opened up new human life. Rational development and utilization of human natural and artificial excavation of the underground space, not only help to ease the development of modern urban contradictions, to improve the living environment, but also to open up a new human life. Because of the large-scale development of underground construction, underground architecture is taking shape, its research includes the history of development of underground construction and development of underground space development and utilization of underground space in urban planning, various types of underground construction planning and design, as well as underground construction and related environmental, physiological, psychological and technical issues. Underground construction has a good protective performance, better thermal stability and confined, as well as an integrated economic, social and environmental benefits. Underground construction in a certain thickness of rock or soil, you can avoid or reduce nuclear weapons, conventional weapons, chemical and biological weapons of destruction, while at the same time more effectively to resist earthquakes, hurricanes and other natural disasters. Underground construction in and around the confined environment of relatively stable existence of the temperature field, temperature, or for creating ultra-clean manufacturing environment and at low temperatures or under high-temperature storage of materials, pollution prevention, especially for energy conservation as well. In the city planned the construction of underground construction, urban land use for savings, lower building density, to improve urban transportation, the

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