商务英语信函的语言特点

On Language Features of English Business Letters

Abstract: Business English letters is a kind of practical writing from which is used through the whole business activity, and its main function is to transfer information. The paper aims at analyzing business English letter’ features from business terms, tone and vocabulary. In general, the use of language features helps to write a business letter courteously, briefly, precisely clarify and formally. But there is no absolute standard for English business letter writing, because it depends on the actual purpose of language use.

Keywords: Business Letter language feature

1 Introduction

With the advent of globalization, especially after China’ entry to WTO. In today’s international trade, English is widely accepted and used in business communication, whatever about invoice, orders or shipment and so on. Business English letter is a practical and economical way to gather information and exchange messages. Otherwise, business English letter cannot be as arbitrary as personal letters; it has its own language feathers.

2 General Introduction to English Business Letters

2.1 Definition of English Business Letter

A business English letter is a formal written communication from one or more persons to another person or persons about a specific business matter, expressed simply and economically. Letters are ambassadors for you and for your organization; you cannot put across your message in person, so your letter acts on your behalf. Ensure that your letter portray you as approachable, caring, efficient, effective and professional. An effective business letter will say what you want it to say clearly and simply. It will show respect for the readers. It will point the way ahead. It will be precise and straightforward. It will be relevant and action-centered.

2.2 Functions of English Business Letters

Despite the popularity of faxes and e-mails, letters are still a very important method of written communication. Letters develop relationships between friends, colleagues, important business contracts, even strangers. The nature of the relationship is reflected in the tone and style of the letter. Many organizations adopt a house-styled, with all correspondence presented

accordingly to the guidelines laid down. This does a lot to enhance the company’s corporate identity and prestige. However it is only successful if it is followed strictly by everyone, including the boss who prepares his/her own communication.

Every business message is designed to achieve a specific business objective. Its success depends on what it says and to what extend it induces a favorable response from the reader, thus, business writing has three functions: to inform, to persuade and to entertain.

Messages to inform are used to convey the vast amount of information needed to complete the day-to-day operations of business writing—explain instructions to employees, announce meetings and procedures, acknowledge orders, accept contracts for service, etc. the major purpose of the most of these messages is to have the receiver understand a body of information and concentrate on the logical presentation of the content.

In addition to providing information, some business messages must also influence the readers’ attitudes and actions. These messages might include letters promoting a product or service and seeking support for ideas and woolly causes presented to supervisor, stockholders, clients, and others.

To secure the desired response, it is necessary to have an adequate knowledge of English language and an understanding of human nature. The writer should have an acquaintance with the particular interest and, if possible, the emotion of the reader. It seems easy enough, for example, to ask payment of a bill, but it is quite difficult to secure payment without offending the reader and loosing his or her future patronage. No communication is wholly successful unless it retains the reader’s goodwill.

3 Language Features

The ability to write effectively is valuable business asset. One reason is that a great deal of business is transacted in writing. With the wide use of fax and recent development of EDP, even more writing is involved in every part of business. More than at any previous time businesses people feel need to put ideas and information into written form. Another reason is that effective business writer can use their skills to help increase their company’s sales and profits by promoting good relations with customs, employees, and the general public. Still another reason is that proficiency in writing gives the man or woman in business a personal advantage over less capable writers and contributes substantially to his/her self-confidence—a necessary quality for business

success.

3.1 Use of business terms and abbreviations

For example

a. Please quote your lowest price CIF5% Seattle for each of following items.

In the above sentence, CIF5%= Cost, Insurance and Freight inclusive of 5% commission.

b.: In order to conclude the transaction, I hope you will meet me half way. What about 50% by L/C and the balance by D/P?

L/C is the abbreviation of Letter of Credit

D/P is the abbreviation of Documents against Payment

There are modes of payment

D/A stands for Documents against Acceptance

CAD stands for Cash against Documents

D/D stands for Demand Draft

c. we insure the goods for RMB5,500 against WAP with PICC

In this sentence, WAP= With Particular Average, which is a kind insurance

PICC=People’s Insurance Company of China

(2) Use of Capital letters

Business letter has its special capital letter writing regulations besides the ordinary rules.

<1> North, South, East, West

When they are used for districts or areas but not for orientation:

South-West Africa

North America

West Europe

<2>the name and brand of a commodity

“Great Wall” Electric Fan

“Three Stars” Calf Shoes

Chinese Cotton Piece Goods

<3> the name of the transportation tools

the S.S “Merry Captain”

the S.S “Lucky Prince”

the m.v. “East Wind”

the m.v. “Silver River”

4 Business English words are different from popular English

Millions of business letters are written every day. Considering the costs of stationery postage, filing, not to mention the salaries of the writer or typist it is worth ensuring that every communication meets its objectives and does its job effectively and efficiently. Writing style has changed tremendously over the years. The aim in modern business communication is to write in a friendly, formal style using plain language. Find the mode of expression that is appropriate to you. If you want your business communication to be effective, your writing must be precise, straightforward, clear, relevant and action-centered. It must show respect for the reader and point the way forward. It must use no more words than are necessary to communicate the message effectively and efficiently.

The main purpose of any communication is to be understood and effective. If we want to achieve these objectives, we must ensure that all your communication follows the rules. They must be courtesy, conciseness, preciseness

(1) Brevity

Effective writing is brief—each word, sentence, and paragraph counts. Brevity means to write in a fewest possible words to express ideas avoiding long and tedious sentences. Because a wordy message requires more time to rewrite and read, business people put a high premium on conciseness in business messages. Conciseness will give emphasis to the messages. Generally speaking, short sentences are more brief than long ones. If much more information included in a letter, it can be written in paragraphs.

Long words are more likely to confuse your readers. Use brief language that your reader will understand, with plain rather than long words. If your readers do not understand the words you use, they will not look up a dictionary-they will simply stop reading. Busy businessmen and women do not have time to read documents. They welcome communications that are direct and to the point while retaining

The following are the methods of making a letter brief:

Avoid using word expression

Wordy: We wish to acknowledge receipt of your letter

Concise: We appreciate your letter

Avoid unnecessary repetition.

Will you ship us any time during the month of December, or even November if you are rushed, for November would suit us just as well?

(Rewriting)

Please ship us by the end of November.

<1>Using short sentences, simple words and clear explanations:

Use a word to replace a phase:

Enclosed herewith enclosed

At this time now

Due to the fact that because

<2> Use phase to replace a sentence.

Please do not hesitate to call upon us.

Please write us.

Please see that an enquiry is conducted to determine the reason.

Please find out the reason.

(3) Use words to replace clauses.

We require full-automatic washing machine wgich is of the type.

We require new-type full-automatic washing machine.

Avoid padded expression.

It should be noted that this is the best we can do.

For your information we enclose a catalogue.

Please be advised that we have received your invoice.

Using subject line flexibly and properly.

Using subject line properly and flexibly can cancel the same content in the opening sentence of a letter.

(2)Clarity

Clarity requires the writers to be simple and understood, so that the reader will get their main intention at the first sight of the letter without any confusion or misunderstanding. Short familiar

words and simple sentences rather than long difficult words and complex sentences are better for this purpose.

To achieve this, we should:

Avoid using the words which have different understanding or unclear meanings

For example: As to the steamers sailing from Hong Kong to San Francisco, we have bimonthly direct services.

The word “bimonthly” has two meanings: twice a month, or once two month. The reader will feel puzzled about the meaning.

(Rewriting);

a. We have two direct sailings every month from Hong Kong to San Francisco.

b. We have semimonthly direct sailing from Hong Kong to San Francisco.

c. We have a direct sailing from Hong Kong to San Francisco every two month.

Pay attention to the position of the modifiers.

Pay attention to:

a. We shall be able to supply 10 cases of the item only.

b. We shall be able to supply 10 cases only of the item.

The modifier “only” in the above sentences modified two different words, so the two sentences have different meanings.

Pay attention to the sentence structure.

Compare:

For example

a. We send you 5 samples yesterday of the good which you requested in your letter of May 25 by air.

b. We send you, by air, 5 samples of the goods which you requested in your letter of May 5 yesterday.

Paragraph carefully and properly.

Commercial letters should be clear and tiny, easy to understand the content. So a writer should paragraph a letter carafully and properly. One paragraph for each point is a good general rule.

(3) Courtesy

Review of actual business letters reveals that special attention should be devoted to assuring the courtesy of business communication. By courtesy we mean treating people with respect and friendly human concern. Effective writers visualize the reader before starting to write. The consider the reader’s desires, problems, circumstances, emotions and probable reactions to their request. Courtesy is reflected in the tone of the words or sentences, that is to say, writer should better think of readers’attitude or feelings and take readers’place to consideration. Otherwise, courtesy is not mere politeness.

Compare

(Polite)

We have received with many thanks for your letter of June 2, and we take the pleasure of sending you our latest catalog. We wish to draw your attention to a special offer which you request we have made in it.

(Courtesy)

Your will be particularly interested in special offer on page 5 of the latest catalog enclosed, which you requested in your letter of June 2.

In order to make a business letter courteous, try to avoid irritating, offensive, or belittling statement. Besides, prompt reply is courteous in business communication.

(4)Preciseness

Refers not only to correct usage of grammar, punctuation and spelling, but also to standard language, proper statement, and accurate figures as well as the correct understanding of commercial jargons. In addition, preciseness means choosing the correct level of language and using accurate information and data.

<1>Get your facts right

Always aim to in include all necessary details in your communications such as dates, times, figures, sum of money and technical words.

<2>be specific not vogue

Communications sometimes fail if the writer has not included all the essential details. It can be very frustrating if a phone call has to be made to clarify certain details.

The meeting has been postponed.

The meeting has been postponed to Monday 10 June at 9:30a.m.

Grammar mistakes often occurred in business letters.

<1> with pronouns

Our competit ors’ prices are 2%--3% lower than us (ours).

<2>with verbs

It is one of the machines that was (were) delivered last week

<3>with conjunctions

This fridge not only is attractive (is attractive not only) in proper price, but also in good quality. Avoid using overstatements.

a. It is the lowest price available to you.

(Rewriting)

It is the lowest price that we can offer you now.

b. We are well-established exporters of all kinds of goods made in Sweden.

(Rewriting)

We are well-established exporters of Swedish sundry goods, such as toys, buttons and stationary.

Accurate numbers.

5% up to 10%both inclusive

Up to $ 40 inclusive

For 15 days exclusive Sunday

From the 1st to 15th both inclusive

ⅤLanguage features of Business English writing tones

(1)Avoid negativity

Which of these expressions is more positive? “The glass is half full.” or “The glass is empty.”Using positive language in face-to-face communication as well as in our written technique. Positive writing will give the reader a better impression and ultimately improve its effectiveness. Negative language triggers negative results.

Express them in a positive way. Here them in a positive way. Here is a simply example:

Do not use negative language.

If you do not return you’re from before August you will be too late to attend the conference. Compare

Please return you from by 31 July so that we can register your name for the conference.

(2) Use positive language

Use active not passive voice

“V oice” is a grammatical term that refers to whether the subject of sentence is acting or receiving the action. Use active voice can considerably improve your writing style. Active voice makes the tone more interesting and lively. Here is a simple example.

Active voice: Tom played the piano.

The subject is the actor. You can almost see Tom playing the piano, totally absorbed in his music. Passive voice: The piano was played by Tom.

The subject is the piano. The action is gone. The emphasis is moved from the subject performing the action to the subject receiving the action. It is almost impossible to visualize what is happening.

ⅥConclusion

What I talked above is just the basic language features of business English letters. In practical business English letters, we must write letters in concise, precise and formal way. Acquiring the knowledge of business English letters will have a beneficial impact on business organizations and business activities.

Reference

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胡英坤，车丽娟2005.9商务英语写作[M]外语教育与研究出版社

尹晓莹.2007.9外贸英语函电—商务英语应用文写作[M]西安交通大学出版社

韩芹，边洁英.2007.9 国际商务英语函电[M]北京大学出版社

刘华东，李东亮.2008.6 新编商务英语信函[M]大连理工大学出版社

邓英华. 2002.1试析商务信函的语言特点[J]湖南经济干部学院学报

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1 Introduction Business English can be regarded as an application of English language in commercial occasions, aiming at enabling speakers to communicate and interact effectively using the most correct and clearest business language. Business English Correspondence is an important carrier of international commercial activities which is used to deli ever information, address commercial issues and as a way of communication. Lexicon is an important factor of a passage. In the writing of business English correspondence, we should pay particular attention to the selection of lexicon. Different words may carry different meaning and even the mood of them can be very distinct. Therefore, it is of great necessity to do research of the features of lexicon in the writing of business English correspondence. This thesis attempts to do some researches on the following subjects: To have a good knowledge of characteristics of lexicon in business English correspondence. To make sense of the reason why the business English correspondence have such requirements of lexicon. To provide some suggestions that learners can improve their writing skills. 2 Description of Business English correspondence 2.1 Definition of business English correspondence Nowadays more and more people choose to work in companies and do commercial work. As China joined the WTO, enterprises are all choosing to open their markets and expand them into the international world, thus making English inevitably become the most used language in the world. And in this way a new subject appeared that we call it “business English”. In terms of business English, we refer to the language used in order to adapt to the job market whose contents include a lot of aspects (Kansi, 1983; 134). Unlike the general English learners, people who learn business English are more

商务英语论文题目 1、论文化因素对英汉翻译的影响 2、商务英语的特点及翻译技巧 3、商务函电翻译的用词技巧 4、商标名称的翻译与策略 5、汉语中新词汇的翻译技巧 6、商务谈判中的语言艺术 7、商务谈判的文化障碍 8、商务英语函电在对外贸易中的作用 9、商务英语函电翻译技巧 10、商务谈判中英语的重要性 11、浅谈商务英语写作时避免修饰语错位的方法 12、礼仪在商务谈判中的作用 13、浅谈涉外合同英语特色 14、电子商务对国际贸易的影响及对策 15、商务谈判的艺术性 16、跨文化的商务谈判 17、商务英语交往中的礼貌原则 18、如何翻译好日常商务文书 19、商务英语信函的语体分析 20、浅谈商务信函的文体特征 21、英语商务信函和合同中被动语态的语用意义及其翻译 22、商务英语汉英翻译中从句的运用技巧 23、论跨文化因素对商业广告英语翻译的影响 24、跨文化商务交际中的语言和非语言因素 25、浅谈英语告示语的语言特色与翻译 26、商务英语阅读研究 27、商务英语写作问题研究 28、商务英语考试技巧研究 29、商务英语听力策略研究 30、英语口语或语法在商务领域中的应用 31、商务函电交流研究 32、商务英语学习方法 33、跨文化交际与中西文化冲突 34、国际商务中的跨文化交际问题 35、商务谈判中的跨文化冲突 36、国际商务谈判中应注意的文化因素 37、国际商务谈判中的“文化壁垒” 38、广告英语的分类及分析 39、虚拟语气与商务英语表达 40、跨文化交际在商务英语学习中的运用 41、商务英语学习中跨文化交际能力的培养 42、商务英语在国际营销中的作用

43、术语在国际商务中的重要性 44、商务谈判语言技巧 45、浅析跨文化交际中的商务礼仪 46、例析论网络环境下商务英语的拓展学习模式 47、浅析商务英语汇商务英语中俚语的风格及翻译 48、商务英语教学中英语知识与商务知识的关系 49、商务英语中以谓语动词为中心的基本句型的翻译 50、商务英语的语言特色探讨 51、反译法在商务英语中的应用 52、奈达“等值”理论于商务英语翻译中的理解和应用 53、商务英语中的平行结构及其翻译方法 54、语用原则在商务英语应用中的度范畴 55、商务英语语篇文体特征分析 56、商务英语常用单词的多义现象例析 57、商务英语中的委婉表达及其翻译 58、商务英语翻译中的跨文化因素 59、商务英语中书面语言的文体特征及语用分析 60、社会文化迁移对中国式英语的影响 61、英语写作中常见中式英语分析 62、汉译英中遇到新词语的译法问题 63、美国英语习语与文化 64、中美日常交际中的文化差异 65、中西方文化差异及语言体现 商务英语论文题目|商务英语毕业论文题目参考 一、英语论文基本格式 1、毕业论文结构包括：主标题、论文摘要、正文（一般不少于5000字）、注释、参考书目，注释统一用尾注。 2、板式：毕业论文一律用计算机打印。（使用A4规格打印，每页30行） 二、阅读类参考题目以下参考题目对应的范文请到VIP留学生论文网下载，如需原创论文需与在线辅导老师沟通。 1、持续性交际法对商务英语学习者口语和写作能力提高的研究分析 2、商务英语文体学分析 3、语篇功能对等视角的商务英语翻译 4、高职商务英语专业实践课程开发 5、关联理论在商务英语阅读教学中的应用 6、成人商务英语教学中学生自主学习能力的培养 7、功能对等理论视角下的商务英语翻译 8、中职商务英语教学中跨文化交际意识的培养 9、论商务英语翻译中的文化转向 10、职前学生商务英语词汇教学法探索 11、商务英语中模糊语言的应用及其语用分析 12、从目的论角度看国际商务英语翻译的质量评估 13、高职院校商务英语精读教学中的任务型教学法 14、词典类型对翻译与习得商务英语新词作用的实证研究

摘要: 英国论文随着时代的发展, 使用简洁通俗的语言已成为现代商务英语, 尤其是商务英语信函的突出特点。本文从这一特点形成的根源简易英语运动出发, 分析了简易英语的定义, 遵循的原则, 最后在此基础上通过大量例证的对照比较, 总结了简易英语趋势在现代商务交际中的体现。 商务英语和法律英语一样, 通常被认为是充斥着技术性术语和诘屈聱牙语句的典型书面语。不可否认, 很长时间以来, 商务文书给人的印象确实如此。然而随着时代的发展, 这种情况已得到极大的改观, 商务交际用语渐趋简明易懂。使用简洁通俗的语言已成为现代商务英语的突出特点。我们可以比较一下下面的两句商务信函中的用语: 1. We beg respectfully to state that we are in receipt ofyour L/C in the amount of USD×××for which we thankyou. 2. We inform you that we have received your L/C forUSD×××. 可以看出, 这两句表达的意思完全相同, 但是第一句使用了beg respectfully to state, in receipt of, inthe amount of, 以及包括定语从句for which we thank you等表达极为繁杂的用语, 而第二句用语简洁明快, 但是它所包含的信息量较第一句而言没有丝毫的减少。现代商务英语正是提倡使用简单词语( plain words) , 而不用复杂的语句( complicated words) , 尤其是那些繁复老套的用语, 即我们所说的陈词滥调( cliché)。现代商务英语的这一显著特点, 其实与这些年来在英美等国出现的英语简化趋势, 尤其是在美国大张旗鼓推行的简易英语运动( Plain English Movement)有直接的联系。这一运动要求革除商业契约上的繁文缛节, 简化法律用语, 从而起到方便民众, 减少因繁复用语而引起不必要争端的作用。1978 年 3 月24 日, 当时的美国总统卡特更是签署了第12044 号行政命令, 要求联邦政府各部切实保证颁布的每项法令必须以简单易懂的英语撰写, 以便须依照有关法令办事的人都能看懂。这一法令理所当然受到普通老百姓的欢迎, 而简易英语运动在这一法令的推动之下也得到了更为蓬勃的开展[1]。 一、什么是“简易英语” 所谓简易英语( Plain English) , 美国学者考特兰?博维(Courtland Bovèe)和约翰?席尔( John Thill)认为简易英语是用简易的文字和结构写成的语句, 读者都能看懂, 很接近于我们的口语[2]。可见, “简易英语”是指书面表达中使用清晰正确的英语简明扼要而有效地传递信息。“简易英语”并不幼稚, 也并非过分简单化的英语。“简易英语”重视信息的传递。它并不堆积词藻, 而且不会不必要地使用行话、术语等难懂的表达。换句话说,“简易英语”彻底抛弃了繁文赘语和让人无所适从的表达。用“简易英语”书写的文件是为了让人们读懂, 因此所用的词语都是读者能够理解的。只要读者能够理解, “简易英语”用到技术性较强的专业术语也并非不可。比如,一篇医学学报上的论文面向的是医学专家, 使用专业术语是可以的, 因为这些读者能够理解。只要表达恰当, 这篇论文的语言仍然可被称为“简易英语”。当然, 如果这篇文章是出现在面向公众的通俗杂志上, 那么再包含很多专业术语就很可能出现普通读者无法理解的状况。这个时候, 只有使用普通大众能够理解的字眼那它才是“简易英语”。我们应该看到非常复杂的概念也是可以用“简易英语”加以解释的。许多法律文书, 比如合同和法令, 用“简易英语”改写后仍然能做到表达精确无误。 二、“简易英语”所遵循的原则 “简易英语”最重要的原则就是读者为先。即为读者着想, 考虑读者的需求。要“简易”, 就得好好考虑如下的问题:读者需要知道些什么? 他们对这个问题的理解程度如何? 怎样才能更好地把意思组织起来以便读者更好地理解? 要想有效传递你的信息, 首要的是要清楚什么样的人会阅读你写的东西。具体来讲, “简易英语”遵循如下的原则: (一)写作前做好规划起草文书之前, 首先得明确自己的写作目的。读者是谁? 他们对于所涉及的话题是非常了解, 了解一点还是一无所知? 他们想知道些什么? 找到这些问题的答案, 做到心中有数。一旦知道了读者是谁, 就应该尽可能从他们的角度来看问题, 来表达

商务信函的写作特点_写作指导 商务信函的写作特点 商务信函的写作特点写作商务信函并不要求您使用华丽优美的词句。所有您需要做的就是，用简单朴实的语言，准确的表达自己的意思，让对方可以非常清楚的了解您想说什么。围绕这一点，我们总结了几方面的内容，希望对您写作商务信函有借鉴作用。口语化每一封信函的往来，都是您跟收信人彼此之间的一次交流。人都是感性的，所以您需要在您的信函里体现感性的一面。然而很多人都有一种误解，以为写作商务信函就应该用一种特殊的“生意腔”，于是把一封本来应该是热情而友好的信函写得呆板而死气沉沉。他们宁愿写“your letter has been received”，“your complaint is being looked into”而不是“i have received your letter”或者“we are looking into your complaint”。其实我们简单的来理解一下，每次信函的往来不就是跟对方进行了一次交谈吗？只不过是把交谈的内容写到了纸上而已。多用一些简单明了的语句，用我/我们做主语，这样才能让我们的信函读起来热情，友好，就象两个朋友之间的谈话那样简单，自然，人性化。想象一下，如果您由于无法准时交货而在电话上跟您的合作伙伴表示歉意时，您会怎么说？我想您会说“i am sorry we cannot deliver the goods today”。既然在电话中您会这样说，为什么在信件中要改成“it is regretted that goods cannot be delivered today”？放弃这种所谓的“生意腔”吧，让您的信也象谈话那样简单，自然，人性化。语气语调由于您写的信函都是有其目的性的，所以您信函里所采用的语气语调也应该符合您的目的。在写之前先不妨仔细考虑一下，您写这封信函是想达到一个什么样的目的，您希望对收信人产生一种怎样的影响呢？是歉意的，劝说性的，还是坚决的，要求性的。这完全可以通过信函中的语气语调来表现。真诚不管是生活中的交往还是生意上的合作，真诚是最重要也是最基础的，所以您的信函也必须能够充分体现您的真诚。不管说什么，都要带着您的诚意去说。把写好的信函拿起来读一遍，确保如果此时对方正在电话中与您通话，他一定能够感受到您的自然和真诚。直接跟您一样，您的合作伙伴们每天都要阅读大量信函文件。所以，信函一定要写得简明扼要，短小精悍，切中要点。如果是不符合主题或者对信函的目的不能产生利益的内容，请毫不留情的舍弃它们。因为这些内容不仅不能使交流通畅，反而会混淆视听，非但不能让读者感兴趣，反而会让他们恼火，产生反感。礼貌我们这里所说的礼貌，并不是简单用一些礼貌用语比如your kind inquiry, your esteemed order等就可以的。而是要体现一种为他人考虑，多体谅对方心情和处境的态度。如果本着这样的态度去跟别人交流，那么就算您这次拒绝了对方的要求，也不会因此失去这个朋友，不会影响今后合作的机会。特别要注意，当双方观点不能统一时，我们首先要理解并尊重对方的观点。如果对方的建议不合理或者对您的指责不公平时，请表现一下您的高姿态，您可以据理力争，说明您的观点，但注意要讲究礼节礼貌，避免用冒犯性的语言。还要提醒一点，中国人有句话叫做“过犹不及”。任何事情，一旦过了头，效果反而不好。礼貌过了头，可能会变成阿谀奉承，真诚过了头，也会变成天真幼稚。所以最关键的还是要把握好“度”，才能达到预期的效果。共2页，当前第1页12商务信函的写作特点相关内容:劳动合同一般写法 劳动合同一般写法性质：＿甲方：。乙方：＿名称：＿姓名：＿用工形式：＿鉴证编号：＿编号：＿甲方因生产、工作需要，经考核录用乙方为工人。遵照国家有关劳动法规和政策，经双方协商达成如下协议：一、甲方录用乙方从事，某某工作（岗位...

商务英语的语言特点及翻译技巧 摘要: 商务英语是一门具有专业用途的英语，形成了自身的文体特征。商务英语在国际贸易和国际合作交流等跨国商务活动中发挥了重要作用。本文将通过简要分析商务英语的语言特点，阐述商务英语的翻译技巧与方法。 关键词：商务英语，语言特点，翻译技巧 一、商务英语的概念 商务英语通称为Business English，是人们在商务英语中所使用的文体，是现代外资企业中最重要的交流工具。商务英语以服务于商业活动位目标，集实用、专业性和明确的目的性于一身,为广大从事国际商务活动的人们所认同和接受,并具备较强社会功能，经常应用在谈判、外贸函电（订单、提单、问价）等方面，包含了各种商务活动的内容。在世界经济迅速发展的今天，商务英语已经成为一种生存语言和发展语言。商务英语不只是一种语言，它更多地向我们渗透了西方的企业管理文化和日常工作习惯。因此，了解并学习商务英语已经成为必然的趋势。 二、商务英语的语言特点 商务英语的词汇特点 1.专业性强并使用专业术语 例如：accommodationnotes通融票据；bidbond押标金；badcheck空头支票；balancesheet 资产负债表；bankdraft银行汇票；billofexchange汇票；billoflading提单；datedraft定期汇票,等等。 2.许多普通英语中的常见词汇在商务英语中都有其特殊的专业含义 offer本意是“提出,提供”,在商务英语中则是“报价”的意思;promotion本意是“提升、晋升”,在商务英语中则是“促销”的意思;balance本意是“均衡,平衡”,在商务英语中则是“余额,结欠”的意思;claim本意是“声称”,在商务英语中则是“索赔”的意思。 3.大量缩略语的使用 FOB（Free On Board）离岸价B/L(Bill of lading) 提单 A/C（Account）账号A-bomb（atomic bomb）原子弹 NoPH(no parking here)此处禁止停车 4.新词汇的涌现 随着国际商务往来和计算机技术的深入发展，近年来不断涌现出大量的新词汇。例如：e-business 电子商务e-cash电子现金 bubble economy 泡沫经济holiday economy 假日经济 soft-landing （经济的）软着陆 商务英语的句法特点 1.大量使用被动语态。 在商务英语中，为了使语义的表达更加准确和紧凑，则经常使用被动语态。一般动作发出，在没有必要提到或者很难说出施动者是谁，又想强调动作的承受者时使用。 例如：Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibit. 2.多使用长难句 例如：It was found that a country benefits more by producing goods it can make most cheaply and buying those goods that other countries can make at lower costs than by producing everything it needs within its own border. 使用倒装句

全日制英语学习，选择尚语国际语言村https://www.wendangku.net/doc/ea17914129.html, 随着全球商务活动日益频繁，互联网迅猛发展，商务信函成为国际贸易中客户沟通的主要方式，广泛运用于外贸、海外资本运营、国际货运等商务活动。它涵盖询问、洽谈、答复，涉及到询盘、报盘、发盘、还盘、交易达成、支付方式、装运等业务细节，是商务活动中不可或缺的沟通媒介，高质量的商务英语信函翻译对国际商务活动的重要性不言而喻。 一、商务信函的语言特点 与其他文体相比，商务信函具有商务文体正式、简洁、专业、礼貌等特点。 (一)正式。商务信函是公文性质函件，用词布局上比普通信函讲究，较多使用书面语。如请您给我发送一份申请表格，在此表示感谢。一般使用We would be grateful if you could send me an application form。而不使用Could you send me an application form? Thank you!。文体布局上商务信函也比一般信函严谨规范，有其特定布局结构。如道歉信通常开头致歉(We must apologize for …/We apologize for…)，接下来解释事情发生的原因，寻求对方谅解(this is owing to…)，在结尾处再次致歉(We hope that this has not caused you any inconvenience./With apologies once again.)一般道歉信都会遵循这样层层递进的规范布局，翻译时也要注意符合其布局。 (二)简洁。商务人士求实重效率。商务信函必须言简意赅，目的突出，层次分明。一般信件开头就说明来意，如：We are writing to enquire about the prices of your cabinets/ we are writing in connection with the advertisement in the newspaper yesterday. 如果开头东拉西扯，会使繁忙的商务人士无暇向下，不明所以。此外信件中措辞也较少使用冗繁的词语句式。例：Please contact us whenever we can be helpful. (如需帮助请告知)而一般不会使用Whenever there is anything we can be of assistance, please do not hesitate to contact us。 (三)专业。商务信函用于业内往来，广泛使用商业术语和缩略语，包括外贸业务术语、公司名称及单证等，规范程度很高。常见如外贸术语CIF(Cost, Insurance and Freight) 成本、运费加保险价，FCA(Free carrier)货交承运人，B/L(Bill of Loading)运输单等在信函中都大量使用。此外商务信函也常使用here，where, there 与in, by, with, after 等构成复合词如hereafter(after this),wherein (in which) therefrom (from that)。如：Seller is bound to reimburse Buyer for any loss sustained therefrom. 长期的商务书信交流中逐步形成了商务英语信函句式的套语和行话。如：收到对方询盘的套话：Thank you for your letter of 23 July, asking if we sell photocopiers.希望得到对方回函、订单时的套话：Looking forward to your favorable /early reply. (四)礼貌。西方人交往中非常重视态度，商务信函应礼貌友好，礼貌可以使对方阅读后心生好感，从而保持友好贸易关系。在信函中采用“You attitude”，从对方角度考虑问题，较多使用第二人称，较少使用

商务英语的语言特点 语言特点一：要避免使用you-attitude,注意语言表达的态度和语气。例:According to our records, it seems that you have forgotten to filet he personal data. 改为:According to our records, I didn’t find the required personal data. 语言特点二:语言表达准确,简洁，商务英语要表达准确,思路清晰,逻辑性强,用具体的语言把信息传递给对方。用词明白易懂,正式规范,简短达意。 翻译技巧:使用约定俗成的术语,用来指贸易中的概念,例:FOB(free on

board-离岸价格),CFR(cost and freight—成本.保险加运费)避免使用冗长的表达。 例:All applicants who are interested in the job are obligated to provide the names of three references whom we can write to for evaluation of your job performance. 改为:All applicants are supposed to provide three references for evaluation of your job performance. 语言特点三:专业性强。商务英语大量使用专业术语。因此要充分理解商务英语的意义和内涵,必须有商务理论和商务实务等方面的知识。 翻译技巧:掌握专业术语,并注意术语在具体语境中的运用，

商务英语信函写作的注意事项 在国际贸易竞争日益激烈的今天，为了通过发送商务信函达到有效交流，传达友好情感，增加商务合作机会的目的，商务信函必须在风格和语言上发生变化。现代商务信函的主要文体特征可以概括为以下五点: 内容的清晰性、表达的简洁性、词语的专业性、风格的正式性、措辞的礼貌性。因此我们要将商务信函本身的特点和英语的语言特点结合起来，分析和总结其翻译思路和技巧。 发送商务信函的目的在于建立商务往来关系，就某一细节进行商讨，努力达成共识，以便促进一项商务活动的开展。要达到这些目的，首先必须保证阅读者能够清楚了解写信人的意图，迂回或闪烁其辞的话语会让读信人产生不信任，甚至会怀疑对方的语言表达能力，对进一步开展商务活动很不利。模棱两可的话轻则阻碍读信人对信函意思的理解，重则会对发函方造成不必要的损失。例如: As to the steamers sailing from Hongkong to San Francisco，we have bimonthly direct services. 此处bimonthly 有歧义，可以是twice a month 或者once two month. 故读信人就迷惑了，可以改写为We have two direct sailings every month from Hongkong to San Francisco. 翻译要保留原文的清晰度相当重要。由于在较为正式的场合中，为了将一概念定义完整和清楚，英文常常用关联词将几个短句并在

一起形成一个长句，而中文无法照样只用一句话来翻译，即使这样译了也很难达到通顺和自然。这时，我们就采取将长句按特定的事情发展的顺序拆分成两个或两个以上的小句子的方式来翻译。必要时还要增加或省略一些词语，让整段文字结构更合理、内容更清楚。例如: The prices stated are based on current freight rates，any increase or decrease in freight rates at time of shipment is to be the benefit of the buyer，with the seller assuming the payment of all transportation charges to the point or place of delivery.例句中以一个介词with 来分界，译为“合同价格是以运费计算，装运时运费的增减均属买方。卖方则承担至交货地的全部运费”。在原文中with 分句是一个状语，翻 译时采用中国人平铺直叙的思维方式，用分述的方式把这个句子拆成两句，清楚地表达了原文的语言信息。 是不是一封书信只要包含了全部关键信息就可以成为一封好的书信了呢? 拟信人还应注意语言组织的条理性，或按事情发展的先后顺序，或按各要素的重要性排序编写。东扯一句，西扯一句的写法必定会影响文章的清晰度。 简洁就是用最精炼的语言来表达意思，在商务信函中言简意赅就是为了方便高效率沟通与工作。能用一个字表达的不用一个词组，能一个词组讲清的事就不用讲成一句话。商务信函不用因顾及礼貌

《商务英语函电》课程标准 一、基本信息 二、课程定位及目标设计 （一）课程整体目标描述 《商务英语函电》是报关与国际货运专业的一门职业技术必修课，是融国际贸易实务与英语商务信函写作为一体的专业英语课程。本课程的目标是培养学生具备阅读、翻译和写作英语商务信函的能力，培养学生掌握函电撰写的基本技巧、熟练应用英语函电套用语和行文结构。使学生能在英语环境下运用英语函电办理进出口业务等事宜，在外贸工作环境中具备解决实际商务问题的书面沟通能力。外贸函电英语是开展对外经济贸易业务和有关商务活动的重要工具，正确地掌握外贸函电英语的专业知识，并能熟练地加以运用，是外贸工作人员必须具备的专业技能。 （二）课程具体目标描述 1．能力目标 （1）能够独立阅读、翻译、撰写商务英语信函； （2）能够根据特定贸易背景，熟练运用商务信函特点和专业知识正确处理各个交易环节的往来外贸信函； （3）能根据具体的业务磋商信函，规范填制单据中相关的商务英语内容；

（4）能够熟练掌握完整的业务流程，独立完成完整的业务磋商信函撰写。 2．知识目标 （1）掌握商务信函常用撰写格式及组成部分； （2）掌握商务英语信函撰写的特点及专业英语表达方式； （3）掌握各种外贸文件的翻译特点及相关外贸专业知识。 3．素质目标 （1）具备正确理解和掌握国家外交、外贸方针政策的能力； （2）持续学习，不断更新知识的意识； （3）具有从事商务活动的良好职业道德素质及行为规范； （4）具备国际商务礼仪知识，注重对外贸易交往的礼节； （5）踏实的工作作风和严谨的工作态度。 三、课程教学内容设计 （一）学习情境设计 《商务英语函电》课程选择“业务流程”为载体，共设置三个学习情境，各学习情境名称及学时分配情况如表所示：

商务信函（下） 投诉信结构： 投诉事由 详述事件/投诉理由 提出要求 常用句型： Letters of complaint I am writing to complain about … I am not satisfied with … I must therefore insist that … 例题 ●You recently attended a one-day training course on health and safety. You were disappointed with the course and you have decided to write a letter of complaint to the training company. ●Read the advertisement below, which gives details of the course. You have already made some notes on the advertisement. ●Then, using all your handwritten notes, write your letter to Moira Geddings at GBG Certification Services. ●Do not include postal addresses. ●Write 120-140 words on a separate sheet.

[范文] Dear Mrs Geddings, I write regarding a training course on health and safety which I attended 27 November. When I booked this course, I chose your company as it came highly recommended and the courses seemed to be of a high standard. I was promised an experienced trainer but unfortunately he was sick and the replacement was not as good as expected. Regarding the information packs these were only a pile of loose photocopies, which was not promised. The class was supposed to be about 8 people but in mine there were about 15. Finally, I should make it clear that the class started 1 hour late, and the lunch that was served, was cold. I am sure you can understand my disappointment. I would therefore be glad if you could investigate this matter. I look forward to hearing from you. Yours sincerely, Lisa Kostevska Cabin Attendant 索赔：

龙源期刊网 https://www.wendangku.net/doc/ea17914129.html, 商务英语翻译的特点和技巧 作者：王文婷 来源：《青年文学家》2019年第02期 摘; 要：随着全球化发展的逐步深入，国际化的商务活动变得越来越频繁，相应的商务英语翻译也逐渐受到广泛关注与重视。而商务英语本身具有极强的商务特性，这使得其与普通英语翻译有着一定的差异，只有充分了解和掌握其特点，才能有效做好相应的翻译工作。本文简单分析商务英语翻译的特点，并就相应的翻译技巧展开探讨。 关键词：商务英语翻译;特点;原则;技巧 [中图分类号]：H315.9; [文献标识码]：A [文章编号]：1002-2139（2019）-02--01 近年来，商务英语翻译逐渐成为我国英语翻译的重要内容与形式，这与国际化商务活动的快速发展有着密切关系。顾名思义，商务英语有着极强的商务特性，尤其注重商务活动的实际应用，故而对翻译工作提出了更为严格的要求。也就是说，翻译工作必须充分契合相应的需求与特点，才能准确、高效地完成翻译任务，同时得以良好发展。 一、商务英语翻译特点分析 （一）商务词汇 对商务英语翻译而言，其最突出的特点就在于其需要对大量商务词汇进行统一而准确的翻译，这是其与常规英语翻译的最大不同点。在商务活动中，往往涉及到大量专业词汇，同时 商务活动对信息交流的准确性与严谨性有着更高的要求。这就需要词汇翻译更加规范与统一，必须准确传递相关信息。特别是在一些常见词汇的多层含义方面，部分生活中常用的词汇在商务英语中往往有着专门的含义，在进行翻译时必须对此进行有效区分。譬如我们生活中经常使用的“trust”，在商务英语中就有着“信托”的意思，需要翻译者根据实际情况对其含义进行正确区分并翻译。而且，商务英语中包含有大量专业的缩写词汇，这就需要翻译者充分了解这些缩写词汇的真正含义。譬如“B/L”实际上就是词汇“bill of lading”的缩写，也就是提单的意思。 （二）交流应用 商务英语对实用性与交流性有着极高的要求，这是因为商务活动本身往往包含了大量信息，只有双方的高效、准确交流，才能促进商务活动的顺利展开。故而不论是在商务洽谈还是纸面文书的翻译中，都要以简洁、直观为基本要求，也就呈现出商务英语翻译中大多使用省略句或者简单句进行翻译的普遍状况。另外要注意的是，商务英语翻译对客观表述的要求较高，

商务英语的特点及翻译（一） 简介：商务英语的特点及其翻译[摘要]商务英语传达商务理论和实务等信息，其词汇专业性极强，语体规范正式，语句简洁明快，多社交性套语。商务英语翻译应遵守“忠实、准确、统一”三原则，商务活动参与者应具备较... 据环球博思论文网https://www.wendangku.net/doc/ea17914129.html,讯：商务英语的翻译商务英语是我国涉外经济活动中的主要交际语言，商务英语翻译在这一活动中起桥梁作用，翻译质量倍受关注。商务英语是专门用途英语的一个分支，与普通英语没有本质区别，但商务英语又具有其特定的“商务”特色。商务英语涉及到营销学、经济学、金融学、会计学和管理学等许多边缘学科知识，商务活动涉及到对外贸易、技术引进、招商引资、商务谈判、贸易合同、国际支付与结算与涉外保险等范围，因此有必要研究商务英语本身的特点及其翻译，从而能够在各个领域准确规范运用。 作为专门用途英语的商务英语具有与普通英语不同的特点，有其独特的特点。在使用上有其显著特色，主要表现在文体、语言和文化意识方面。 一商务英语引言 （一）商务英语文体风格 商务文体是随着商品生产及贸易的发展而形成的一种文体形式。商务英语文体不以语言的艺术美为其追求的目标，而是讲求逻辑的清晰和条理性、思维的准确严密以及结构的严谨性。风格朴实，明白易懂。商务信函一般风格朴实，明白易懂，淡于修饰，很少使用比喻、拟人、夸张等修辞手段，目的是提高实效性。商务英语避免使用陈旧笼统的商业术语或套语，而用简明的现代英语来表达。如不说“We are in receipt of?”，而用“We have received?” ；不说“Express myheArtfelt gratitude to you for?” ，而用“Thank you for?”。商务英语在陈述事物往往具体、明确，绝不含糊其辞。如商务英语不说“We wish to confirm our telex dispatched yesterday。”而要说“We confirm our telex of July 2nd，2000。”因为前者笼统含糊，后者清晰明了。语句简洁明快，逻辑严密简洁明快主要表现在商务信函中多使用简洁句、简短并列句和简短复合句。例如：We are delighted to receive your letter of November 18 asking whether we can supply you with art. No. 6120。（很高兴收到你方11月28日来函询问我方可否供应6120货号产品）。措辞礼貌，礼貌是国际商务英语应用文中非常重要的语言特点。汉语的商务用语有时缺少必要的客气，常见的礼貌用语往往只是一个“请”字。商务英语则比较讲究客套，随处可见礼貌的客套。例如，汉语中仅有的一个请字，商务英语中要用“We wouldappreciate”“It wou ld be appreciated”，“We would be glad to?”之类的结构来表达。因此汉英翻译时切忌照原文字面硬译，添加常用礼貌客套结构，注意措辞婉转。商务英语的逻辑严密性主要体现在商务合同等法律文件多用长句、复合句、并列复合句等法律公文常用句式以及分隔现象、介词（短语）、插入语、倒装句、被动语态（过去分词）等特殊句型。例如：If Egyptian buyers insist on concluding business direct with Party A，Party A may conclude business with such Egyptian buyers who come to visit China or attend the Chinese Export Commodity Fairat prices not lower than those quoted toParty B.(如果埃及客户坚持要与甲方成交，甲方也可和他们直接达成交易，但交易对象仅限于来访中国或参加中国商品交易会的客户，并且价格不能低于报给乙方的报价。)

商务信函的写作特点 写作商务信函并不要求您使用华丽优美的词句。所有您需要做的就是，用简单朴实的语言，准确的表达自己的意思，让对方可以非常清楚的了解您想说什么。围绕这一点，我们总结了几方面的内容，希望对您写作商务信函有借鉴作用。 口语化 每一封信函的往来，都是您跟收信人彼此之间的一次交流。人都是感性的，所以您需要在您的信函里体现感性的一面。然而很多人都有一种误解，以为写作商务信函就应该用一种特殊的“生意腔”，于是把一封本来应该是热情而友好的信函写得呆板而死气沉沉。他们宁愿写“Your letter has been received”，“Your complaint is being looked into”而不是“I have received your letter”或者“We are looking into your complaint”。其实我们简单的来理解一下，每次信函的往来不就是跟对方进行了一次交谈吗？只不过是把交谈的内容写到了纸上而已。多用一些简单明了的语句，用我/我们做主语，这样才能让我们的信函读起来热情，友好，就象两个朋友之间的谈话那样简单，自然，人性化。 想象一下，如果您由于无法准时交货而在电话上跟您的合作伙伴表示歉意时，您会怎么说？我想您会说“I am sorry we cannot deliver the goods today”。既然在电话中您

会这样说，为什么在信件中要改成“It is regretted that goods cannot be delivered today”？放弃这种所谓的“生意腔”吧，让您的信也象谈话那样简单，自然，人性化。 语气语调 由于您写的信函都是有其目的性的，所以您信函里所采用的语气语调也应该符合您的目的。在写之前先不妨仔细考虑一下，您写这封信函是想达到一个什么样的目的，您希望对收信人产生一种怎样的影响呢？是歉意的，劝说性的，还是坚决的，要求性的。这完全可以通过信函中的语气语调来表现。 真诚 不管是生活中的交往还是生意上的合作，真诚是最重要也是最基础的，所以您的信函也必须能够充分体现您的真诚。不管说什么，都要带着您的诚意去说。把写好的信函拿起来读一遍，确保如果此时对方正在电话中与您通话，他一定能够感受到您的自然和真诚。 直接 跟您一样，您的合作伙伴们每天都要阅读大量信函文件。所以，信函一定要写得简明扼要，短小精悍，切中要点。如果是不符合主题或者对信函的目的不能产生利益的内容，请毫不留情的舍弃它们。因为这些内容不仅不能使交流通畅，反而会混淆视听，非但不能让读者感兴趣，反而会让他们恼

摘要英语作为一种关键的交际语言在贸易活动中占据了极其重 要的地位。商务英语是与国际商务紧密联系的语言。在国际贸易中，对于语言的要求是要准确、专业、清晰的，因此商务英语 翻译要基于文本作用和译者明确的目的性。本文主要列出商务英语翻译的几个特点，并从原则方面对其进行分析。关键词商务英语;翻译原则;特点如今社会发展越来越快，英语作为一种交流工具运用的范围也越来越广泛。商务英语适应着职场的生活，内容涉及到商务活动的方方面面。作为中国和世界各地的商务交流纽带和商贸英语翻译，近年来需求与要求的矛盾也日益增加。 随着中国对外交流和合作的领域不断扩大，商务英汉互译的任务日益繁多，如果不掌握商务英语翻译的技巧恐怕很难迎接这个挑战，因此对于商务英语的翻译来说就更加的重要。当然商务英语翻译要遵循一定的翻译原则，但是商务英语本身也有其特点。1商务英语翻译特点1．1词汇特点商务英语翻译的词汇特点主要表现在三 方面。首先，用词具有规范性。商务英语中的贸易活动在商务活动中，对外贸易涉及的领域宽泛，交易双方在签订合同、订单 等过程中，肯定会牵扯到专业内容，这都需要用商务贸易中的专业术语来精准、专业的去表达，因此商务英语中包含了大量的专业词汇， 要求用词正式规范，语言易懂明了。词汇使用的过程中避免口语化;其次，一词多义，词汇和语境是相互依存、紧密连接的，只有 在一定的语境中才能有其特殊的意义。与普通英语相比，商务英语的含义不同于常见的含义。比如，生活中我们把理解为相

信，但是在商务英语中却要理解为信托;再者，商务英语中新词汇比较多。随着经济的不断发展，商务英语中也相应的出现了许多 新的词汇以及缩略词的随之产生。商务用语要求语言要简明扼要，缩略词被大量的创造和使用使得表达的语言更加简明的表达出尽 量多的信息。如－电子商务，2－－，企业间的、2－－。缩略词的使用已经广泛的被人们所接受。对于译者来说应该熟悉各类缩略词的表达，能够在不同的语境中判断出缩略词的正确含义。1．2句式特点商务英语句式有两个特点。首先，长句比较多。因为商务英语中交流比较简洁、使用的句子多是省略句和简单句，但是要求表达清晰，需要固定句式进行翻译，但是固定句式往往都很长;其次，商务英语翻译常使用被动语态。虽然意义上，被动语态是语法范畴中的概念，但是在商务英语中的应用可以起到很好的效果。1．3结构特点商务英语中的文章大致有商务合同和商务报告等，各 种体裁各有各的特点。在商务英语的文章中，结构都是有很强的逻辑性，所以无论是句子结构还是段落的编排，合理性都很强，在 上下文中都有很强的连贯性，一般都是先综合后分析。此外，其中不少文件都是有法律依据的，如商务合同，在贸易双方交易的过程中这些文件都要有法律依据。所以对于翻译的严谨性要求很高，在翻译的过程中不仅要确保翻译的准确性，一些专业术语的表达还要符合相关的法律法规和行内标准。2商务英语翻译原则在翻译商务英语时一定要基于商务英语的特征，做到用词准确，忠于原文，语义通顺，通俗易懂。商务英语翻译的重点在于信息上的