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外贸英语函电

第一章概述

一切交易都依赖于信息的交换,现代国际商业中,信息交换尤其重要。信息交换的方式有多种,有口头,也有书面。就书面而言,一般包括信函、电报、电传、传真及电子邮件。随着科学技术的发展,电报及电传的使用已日趋减少,电报可以说已绝少使用。但不论如何,信函仍为信息交换的基础。故撰写好英语函电在外贸业务中至关重要。英语业务信函(letter)电(telegram and telex)就是应用于国际外经贸业务往来的通信工具,属于“商业英语” (Commercial English),使用应用文文体。

写好英语函电应当:(1)完整(completeness);(2)简练(conciseness);明了(clearness);(4)正确(correctness);(5)郑重(courteousness)。切忌:(1)单调划一;(2)矫揉造作;(3)虚张浮夸;(4)陈词滥调;(5)废字连篇。

从法律的角度看,由于信函写得比较详尽,且在信函的末了签字盖章,故信函构成法律意义上的正式文件。

从事国际贸易业务的公司之间远隔重洋,天各一方,他们之间的业务往来往往只能利用函电这个通信工具来建立联系纽带。互相不能晤面的公司往往通过函电去判断对方的业务及服务水平,一封庄重得体的函电(从内容到形式)可为建立一个重要的业务关系铺平道路。

第二章业务英语函电的组成部分

业务英语函电的组成部分可以分为基本部分和附加部分。业务英语函电必须具备以下要素,其中七大要素是不可缺少的组成部分。

1.Letter head信头

2.Reference and Date案号和日期

3.Inside Name and Address封内名称及地址

4. Salutation称呼

5. Body of letter/Message正文

6. Complimentary close结尾敬语

7.Signature签名

第一节基本部分

英文信函的基本部分中主要包括以下几部分,下面我们将就各个基本部分进行学习。

1、信头(Letter Head)

信头是信笺上顶端事先印好了点有关发信人的基本情况,其中包括公司名称、地址、电话、传真号、电传号、电子邮件地址、公司标识、经营范围等等。信头设计宜简洁、端庄、美观,用纸质优,以展示公司的实力和良好的信誉。

2、案号和日期(Reference and Date)

由于公司来往信函较多,为方便双方事后查找,一般每封信函须编函电号,其前就可以印上“Our ref:”, “Your ref:”,一般放在日期上面。在案号书写中,前两个字母都是发函人的名字的缩写。如在“Your ref:SB/SM”中,SB表示S Bowen,而在Our ref: MH/JW中,MH则表示Mary Hardy。(首次向对方发送函件时,对方案号不用填写。)

除此之外,还有日期的问题:日期,中文写信时,日期放在信末,而英文信的日期位臵则位于信头和封内地址之间。日期的写法有三种:

A. 英式:日、月、年,如24 (th) June, 2004

B. 美式:月、日、年,如June 24, 2004

C. 英美通用:无逗号间隔,如24 June 2004

注意:在书写日期时,日子和年份用数字,而月份则不能用数字:

为什麽日子和年份用数字,而月份则不能用数字呢?答案很简单,即使用数字表示日期往往发生误解,一定避免。如按照英式5/4/66 是指1966年4月5日,但改为美式则为1966年5月4日。如果没人告诉你是英式还是美式,你知道这是几月几日吗?无法猜测。

除此之外,应避免用Instant(本月)。

在美式写法中,1st,2nd,3rd,中的st, nd, rd, th, 是不使用的,而在英国使用。如:英:2(nd) March,1987/美:March 2 1987

3、封内名称及地址(Inside Name and Address)

封内名称及地址(Inside Name and address),即收函人(Receiver)的姓名和地址。在书写收函人名称时,如果收函人为个人或以人名为公司名称时,应在名称之前,冠以适当的敬称或头衔,例如:Mr., Mrs., Miss., Messer等等。Messer主要用于称呼单位,严格来说是用来称呼合伙企业或公司。例如:

Mr. Michael H. Dickinson (收函人为个人)

Messrs. John Smith & Co., LTD (以人名为公司名称)

China Ocean Shipping Co.(Group) (非以人名为公司名称)

收函人地址写在公司名称下一行,通常会写上门牌号及街名;城镇及邮区代码(Post Code/Zip Code);国名。地址书写顺序由小到大。

4、称呼(Salutation)

称呼是发函人对收函人的敬称,根据双方的关系以及书写习惯,考虑适当用语,称呼与结尾敬语相配。

英式称呼:Dear Sirs/Madame,

美式称呼:Gentlemen/Ladies

兹将尊称与称呼的配合用法列表如下:

用:D ear Sirs,/Gentlemen。在知道收信人名字时,我们可以用:Dear Mr. Tom Miller,/Dear Mr. Miller等。称呼后的标点:Dear后一般用逗号(comma);Gentlemen后一般用冒号(colon),或者不用任何标点。

5、正文(Body of Letter/Message)

正文是业务函电的主体,是表明一封信函优劣的关键,在书写正文时应注意把握正文书写原则(Principles of business letter):三个“C”

A. 清楚(Clearness)用普通、简单的词句

B. 简洁(Conciseness)20-25个字的句子

C. 礼貌(Courtesy)平等关系,不能以命令的语气

正文开头部分主要表明写信人的心情或者写信的相关信息。如:Thank you for your letter of May 20 inquiring about our products.

正文的主体部分书写要开门见山,简单明了,言简意赅。如:We’d like to enclose our catalogue and pricelist for your reference.

正文结束主要表达写信人的希望、愿望与要求等。如:I’m looking forward to your early reply/your first order.

6、结尾敬语(Complimentary Close)

结尾敬语是发函人在信函的结尾的客套语,最常用的业务英语函电结尾语是Yours faithfully(英式)和Yours truly(美式),相当于中文结尾中用的“敬上”,“谨启”等。表示敬意的结尾(Complimentary Close)是和称呼前后匹配的。

如:Dear Sirs,—Yours faithfully(英式)

Gentlemen:— Sincerely yours/ Yours truly(美式)

业务英语函电中常用的结尾套语:Sincerely yours, Sincerely, Cordially yours, Yours sincerely, Yours truly, Yours cordially, Very truly yours, Respectfully yours.

兹将与称呼相匹配的结尾敬语列举如下:

7

(Sig

Si

gnat

人或商务机构的书信执笔人在书信上写下个人名字或公司名称。业务英语函电的签名,通常三到四行。

第一行书写公司机构名称,全部为大写字母;

第二行用于手写签名;

第三行是印刷体签名;

第四行用于打印签名人的姓名和头衔(如President, Director, Manager, Section chief)或所属部门。

e.g. SMITH & SON COMPANY

Handwriting

Edward N. Megay

Manger, Sales Department

此外,有时候在商业信件中我们常用P.P. 表示代理签字。

第二节附加部分

业务英语函电的组成部分中除了基本部分之外,往往根据业务往来的需要适当增加相关的附加部分

1、经办人(Attention)

如果收函人为某单位,而发函人希望某人或某部门特别注意并直接收到该信函时,则可以加上“For the attention of…”或“Attention…”,该部分一般放在封内地址与称呼之间。

例如:Attention: Mr. Michael John/For the attention of Financial Department

2、事由/主题(Subject)

为了节省时间,便于收件单位或个人快速将函电传递到相关部门或个人及时处理,可在信函正文开头加上事由或主题,其表示方式可以为“Subject”或“Re”字样,也可不加任何单词,直截了当开头。

例如:A: Subject: General Agency Appointment

B: Re: ZHONG HE V.0063E. TRIU 9551882

C: PURCHASING SILK PAINTINGS

3、鉴定查对符号(Identification Marks)

为了便于查考,业务英语函电中常将发函人及打字员姓名的第一个字母打在

信末,一般发函人的姓名缩写大写字母,打字员的姓名缩写用小写字母,也有的全部用大写字母。例如:

CYC/ob CYC: ob CYC ob

CYC/OB CYC: OB CYC OB

4、附件(Enclosure)

如信函带有附件,应在正文中指出,同时在信函末尾注明。例如:

Enclosure(s)

Enclosure: One Cope of Invoice

Enclosures 4

Encl.

Encls.

5、副本抄送(Carbon Copy)

如信函有抄送第三方及相关人的必要,则在信尾注明,写法有两种:

A. CC (CC to, C.C., 复数时打ccs),其后接抄送单位或人名称、地址

B. BCC (blind carbon copy,隐蔽抄送)。这种抄送只有收函人自己清楚,其他收函人均不知道已收到该函副本。

6、附言(Postscript)

当信函已打妥,但发现仍有内容没写完,需要进行补充,此时则可在信尾打上“P.S.”(Postscript)符号,然后写上要补充的内容。附言应尽量避免,时间允许的话,最好重打信函。

7、续页(Continuation Sheet)

如信函内容过长,一张信笺不够用,则需要使用续页,使用时要注意:续页必须用空白纸张,一般不使用印有信头的信笺。在续页的顶端,打上收函单位或

个人的名称、页数、日期等。例如:

上述附加部分与上一节中所讲的基本部分构成了整个商务函电的主要内容,在实际操作中,所涉及到的基本部分是必不可少的,但附加部分可视具体情况而增添。

第三章信函格式

航运业务函电各部分的位臵排列方式即所谓的“格式”没有一定的标准,随写信人喜爱而定,兹介绍以下几种常见格式,供参考:

第一节缩进式

缩进式是传统的格式,信函内正文每段起首向右缩写。标点符号采用闭式,即:日期、封内地址、称呼、结尾敬语及签署的各行后面加上适当的标点符号。以下图为例:

敬语及签署等的每一行起首靠左边,排列整齐,不向右缩进。标点符号采用开式,除正文使用标点符号外,上述其余各项每一行后面都不加任何标点。以下图为例:

函电实例:

(1)缩进式:

人的名称、地址(Return Address)

(2)收信人的名称、地址(Mailing Address)

(3)邮递指示(Mailing Direction)

(4)其他

信封上的收信人名称、地址必须正确,以免误递或无法投递,并且必须与封内地址完全一致,具体书写要求请参阅本书有关封内名称及地址的内容。收信人的名称、地址排列行数如果不超过四行,则每行之间宜采用双行间隔,四行以上

则采用单行间隔,发信人/收信人名称、地址每行的起首排列有齐头式,也有缩进式,随写信人个人喜好。

信封的书写没有一定的标准格式,在此向大家推荐一种较为普遍的格式:信封说明:

(1)的位臵印有发信人公司的名称、地址。有的信封在此处印备“If undelivered, please return to…”(如无法投递,请退还……)

(2)的位臵指示via Airmail, Registered, Express, Ordinary

(3)的位臵贴邮票或盖“Postage Paid”戳

(4)的位臵为收信人的名称、地址。其位臵在信封下半部稍微偏右

(5)的位臵为附记事项,可能为下列内容:

Confidential(机密)

Top Confidential(绝密)

Private(私人亲启)

Personal(亲启)

Urgent(急件)

Top Urgent(特急件)

Shipping Documents/Business Papers(装船单据)

Printed Matter(印刷品)

Sample of No Commercial Value(无商业价值的样品)

Kindness/Courtesy of Mr.…(烦请……先生转交)

With Compliments of…(……敬赠)

Photographs: Please do not bend.(照片:请勿折叠)

通用信封实例

例1

例2

3.齐

头 4.缩进

第四节 业

务英语函的起首句与结尾句

本节分起首句和结尾语两个方面选编了一些套语,供参考。

1、起首句用语

(1)主动写信的开头句

a.寄送……时

send by courier

are sending by registered air mail We will send you by post

are pleased to send by m.v. “xxx”

have today sent under separate cover

b.检附……时

Enclosed (herewith) please find

Enclosed we hand you

We enclose (herewith)

We are enclosing

We are attaching to this letter

Enclosed is (are)

c.介绍自己或某某时

We have the pleasure of /in introducing ourselves as one of the leading shipping agents in China.

We have the pleasure to introduce…

We have the honor to introduce you that

It is our pleasure to introduce you that…

This is to introduce to you Mr. …

d.请寄……时

Please send us

Would you please send us

Kindly favor us with

glad

We shall be pleased to receive your…

happy

obliged

We shall be if you will send us

grateful

shall

We will appreciate it if you will send us

e.从某处得悉某公司或某人时

We learn from…that you are the leading shipping line of…

Through the courtesy of American Embassy, we know that

f.确认前电时

hereby

We wish to confirm our telex sent on Dec. 1 reading as follows: have to

“… text of telex…” which is self-explanatory.

g.再次联系时

We refer to our previous letter of …, 200x, in wich…

Reference is made to our letter of…, 200x, regarding…

Further to our previous letter of …, 200x, we would like to…

Referring to our letter of…. 200x respecting …we …

h.主动通知、通告、证明时

We are pleased t o advise (inform, notify, remind) you that…

Please be advised that…

I write to inform you that…

We take this opportunity

to inform

We avail ourselves of this opportunity to inform you th at…

inform

We wish to you that…

advise

This is to advise you that…

This is to announce that…

This is to certify that…

This letter is to advise you that…

The purpose of this letter is to inform you that…

By this letter we wish to inform you that…

This letter serves to inform you that…

in hearing

You will be interested that

to hear

You will hear with great interest that…

It may be of great interest to you to hear that…

It may be of great interest to you that…

inform

We regret to advise you that…

notify

remind

Much to our regret, we have to advise you that our inability to…

It is indeed most regrettable that…

(2)复信的开头句

a.收到来函并敬表谢意时

Your letter dated (of) xx, 19xx has been received with thanks.

have received with thanks letter

are in receipt of telex We acknowledge receipt of your fax

thank you for charter party

are pleased to have received inquiry

b.关于某某事项或某函(电)提及的问题时

In connection with

With further reference to

With reference to letter

With regard to your telex

Concerning our supply of

Regarding trip Account

Referring to

As regards

We refer to

Please refer to

This letter refers to

c.敬复者…时

In response to

In answer to letter

Answering your telex

Replying to inquiry In further reply to

We are pleased to reply to

d.遵照对方来函(电)要求答复时

In conformity with

In compliance with the request

In accordance with the instructions in your letter, According to the directions

As requested

Following the instructions

We would like to reply as follows:

为了……起见

e. 请办理某事时

鉴于……

In order to… we have decided to…

In order that… we would appreciate your furnishing…

In view of… we would like to request you…

Keeping the view of… you are kindly requested to…

As a support to… you are hereby requested…

2. 结尾句用语

(1)等候复信

A.

waiting for reply We are early reply

awaiting favorable reply We trust to receive definite reply

We shall appreciate you’re a / an prompt reply

We shall be glad to have opinion

We look forward to great good news

Interest to receiving comments

Will you let us have satisfactory reply

B.

We await hearing

We are waiting to hear

may in this respect

We trust that we hear from you in this matter

shall on the subject

We shall be glad to hear about

We await the pleasure to hear

Please let us hear

Will you let us hear

以上各句分别可接下列“尽速”、“及早”之意的用语:

at your earliest convenience

at an early opportunity

as early as possible

without (the least possible) delay

the soonest possible

on receipt of this letter

(very) soon

at once (promptly, immediately, shortly)

(2) 提请关注、关照

a.Your prompt attention will be highly appreciated

to this matter

b.Your attention to this matter and compliance shall be much obliged

c.We request you to give the above your prompt attention

d.We are confident that you will give the matter your careful attention

e.We shall appreciate your giving this your prompt attention

f.We sincerely hope that you will give the matter your favorable

consideration and awaiting your reply at your earliest convenience

g.We hope we may receive your further favour.

h.We hope to receive a continuance of your kind patronage.

(3) 承诺再次联系

a.You will be hearing from us again shortly

b.We shall revert to this matter at a later date

c.We shall communicate with you again as soon as possible

(4) 请求支持惠顾

a.Your kind patronage is highly appreciated.

b.We solicit a continuance of your kind patronage.

c.We request you to favor us with a continuance of your kind support.

d.We solicit a continuance of your valued favor.

(5) 感谢对方合作

a.Your cooperation is of great help to us.

b.We thank you very much for your cooperation in this matter.

c.We take this opportunity of thanking you for your support in the past.

d.We extend our gratitude toward you for your cooperation.

e.Your cooperation in this regard is highly appreciated.

f.We very much appreciate your cooperation.

(6) 保证合作

a.Please be assured of our continued cooperation.

b.You may rely on us to give our cooperation in every possible way.

c.You may rely on / upon us for support and cooperation to the best of our

ability.

d.You may rest assured that we shall offer you our cooperation.

(7) 请求协助

a.We request your assistance in this matter.

b.We should be grateful if you would give us your assistance.

c.We should appreciate it if you could cooperate with us in this matter.

d.We reckon on your help in this matter.

(8) 祝愿

a.May friendship between our two peoples be evergreen.

b.We wish that friendship and cooperation between our two companies be

further developing in the future.

c.We believe that our business with you will develop as time goes on.

d.We are convinced that with joint efforts business between us will be

increasingly developed to our mutual benefits.

e.We are confident that this first transaction between us will lead to more

in future.

(9) 致歉

a.Please excuse this clerical error.

b.We request you to accept our apologies for the error of our clerk.

c.We sincerely ask you to accept our apologies for the inconvenience this

error may have caused you.

d.We regret that our reply has been delayed because of the necessity of

making a thorough investigation in this matter.

meet your requirements

be of assistance to you.

e.We regret that we are unable to avail ourselves of your

proposal

be of service to you.

(10) 乐于为您服务

a.We are always ready at your service

b.We assure you of our best service at all times.

c.We shall spare no efforts in endeavoring to be of service to you.

d.We shall be pleased to be of service to you at all times.

(11) 以问候语结尾

a.With best regards.

b.With the compliments of the season.

c.With the season’s greetings.

d.With best New Year wishes.

e.With kind personal regards

f.With best wishes for a splendid New Year.

g.With best wishes for a happy New Year.

h.With my most hearty greetings and sincere good wishes for you and your

family for the coming year.

i.May all your plans and wishes come true in this New Year.

j.Heaps of Christmas wishes.

k.Wishing you a merry Christmas and happy New Year.

l. With kind remembrances and good wishes for a merry Christmas and a

bright future.

第四章电传、传真和电子邮件

随着现代化通讯技术的不断发展,各航运企业的往来函电的方式也越来越多,人们可以使用电报、电传、电子邮件等多种方式进行国际贸易运输的交流。当今电报已基本不用了,电传的使用也日趋减少。使用最多的是传真和电子邮件。下面我们一起来讨论一下电传、传真和电子邮件在现代航运业的运用。

第一节电传

电传(Telex)是Teleprinter Exchange或Teletypewriter Exchange的缩略词,通过电传机发出或收到的电信。

在当前的国际贸易业务中,使用电传的几率比较小,多用传真代替。但传真的保密性要低于电传。

1、电传内容特点:

全部使用大写字母;相当于电话通讯,比书信快捷;信息传送准确,保真度高;电传的缩略字数量很大,而且具有一定规律性和创造性;可随时使用。

电传的更正:对即刻发错的内容,其纠正办法是接着错误的词连续打5个XXXXX,然后空1个,再接着打更正的词,如:…HAS EBBXXXXX BEEN READY FOR…

2、电传的组成部分

电传一般分为三个部分:第一部分包括发报人、收报人的电传号码和回呼号码(Answer back);第二部分为电传正文;第三部分是重复发报人和收报人的电传号码和回呼号码。下面我们以实例来分析电传各组成部分:

86161 COSAD CN (1)884424 WSLTD G (2)

12.6.84 MAC/MAY 13 (3)TO:PENA VICO ×××(4)FM:SOCEAN SHIPPING LTD LDN (5)MT.“W”(6)RYTLX DATED 7/6 RE. PROFORMA DISBT OWNERS ARRANGING REMITTANCE ACDGLY REVERTING WITH DETAILS. RE. INCOME TAX VSL LOADING FOR SINGAPORE WITH GROSS FRT INCOME USD155 000

THERE4 FRT TAX TO PAY USD6238.75. RYTLX 8/6 LDO PRICE NOTED THANKS PLS ARRANGE SUPPL Y 30TONS LDO ON ARRIV AL QINGDAO AS VSL RUNNING EXTREMLY SHORT OF DIESEL. PLS CFM. CFM. COSTS OF LDO N FRT TAX USD6238.75 ARE ALSO BEING REMITTED ALONG WITH DISBT FUND. (7)

THANKS N RGDS (8)SOCEAN SHIPPING

AS AGENTS FOR OWNERS (9)884424 WSLTD G (10)86161 COSAD CN (11)

电传说明:

(1)86161是收报人的电传号码,COSAD是收报人的回呼号码(Answer-back Code),CN是国名代号

(2)884424是发报人的电传号码,WSLTD是发报人的回呼号码,G是国名代号

(3)发报日期及电传案号

(4)收报人的电报挂号或改用收报人的名称、地址等

(5)发报人的名称、地址

(6)电传标题

(7)电传正文

(8)结尾敬语

(9)发报人的名称,相当于信函的最后签署

(10)是(2)的重复

(11)是(1)的重复

3、电传写作的基本原则:

(1)留主舍次,即保留中心词,而舍去无关紧要的虚词。

We have not received your telex of October 12, 2003 可缩略为UR TLX OCT12 NOT RECEIVED.

(2)短词代替长词,单词代替短语,短语代替从句

We have received your telex of the 15th in which you offered us 50 metric tons of rice. 可转换为UR TLX 15TH OFFERING US 50 RICE

(3)用现在分词表示将来时,用过去分词表示完成时态或被动语态,并省略相对应的助动词和其他成分。

The L/C was established on October 3 可转换L/C ESTABLISHED OCT3

(4)灵活使用前后缀We can obtain orders. 可转换为ODR OBTAINABLE.

4、电传常用缩略语的构词规律

(1)由两个或两个以上单字所组成的某些短语和专有名词词组中主要单字,各取其第一个字母

PRC=the People’s Republic of China

FYG=for your guidance

ASAP=as soon as possible

SHEEIU=Sundays and holidays excepted even if used

(2)保留某些单字的第一个字母和最后一个字母

YR=your

FM=from

MR=Mister

DO=Ditto

(3)保留第一个音节法

A.保留第一个音节及第二个音节的第一个字母(或第二个音节同发音之辅音组),即某些单字的前几个字母

ABBR=abbreviation

ADV=advise

DOC=document

CERT=certificate

COMM=commission

B.保留第一音节及后面全部字音或重要辅音

ALRDY=already

RECVD=received

UNQT=unquote

DESTN=destination

(4)保留字音法

保留重要字音或全部字音,但第一音节第一字母,无论是辅音还是元音一律保留。

RPT=repeat

ACPT=accept

MGR=manager

CNTR=container

(5)多音节的字,用省字号(’)代替被省略的字母

ADT’L=additional

D’CULT=difficult

O’SEAS=overseas

S’HAI=shanghai

(6)某些多音节的字具有相同的第一字母和相同的最后字母,在省略字母时,多保留几个辅音字母,用以区别

QLTY=quality

QNTY=quantity

ATTN=attention

ADDN=addition

(7)简化某些字的字尾

LOADG=loading(以“G”简化-ing)

DISCHARGD=discharged(以“D”简化-ed)

SHIPT=shipment(以“T”简化-ment)

COMMN=commission(以“N”简化-ion)

(8)按照某些字母的发音来组成缩写字

V=we

R=are

U=you

N=and

OZ=ounce

NITE=night

LITE=light

THRU=through

(9)利用阿拉伯数字代替与之具有相同发音的音节

2=too

B4=before

THERE4 (T4)=therefore

(10)保留第一音节和第二音节

A VE=avenue

MEMO=memorandum

AUTO=automobile

PARA=paragraph

(11)保留第一音节、第二音节及第三音节第一个辅音字母

APPROX=approximate

IMMED=immediate

IRRESP=irrespective

ORGAN=organization

(12)保留最后一个音节全部,其他音节取其重要辅音或全部辅音字母(重音在最后音节时,常按照此方法缩写)

ADRSEE=addressee

GTEE=guarantee

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