4、词汇和语法
词汇（VOCABULARY）
1. 辨别词语间细微的语义差别
He was smoking; I could see the tip of his cigarette in the darkness.
A. shining
B. sparkling
C. gleaming
D. glowing
shine意思是指to produce light
sparkle的意思为to shine in small flashes
gleam的侧重点又有所不同，它是指to give out a gentle light; to shine softly glow: to give out heat and/or soft light without flames or smoke
There was an interesting of the film in the paper this morning.
A. comment
B. resume
C. revision
D. review
comment是指a writer or spoken opinion, explanation, or judgment made about an event, person or situation
resume: a shortened form of a speech，book
revision: the change of opinions
review: a magazine or newspaper article that gives a judgment on a new book, play, TV show, etc.
2. 了解词组的惯用搭配
The modern piano is much superior in tone the 18th century instrument.
A. than
B. to
C. over
D. with
Students are not allowed to the
A. make
B. sit
C. offer
D. go
3. 掌握一些重要词组
针对英文中常见动词词组所设计的考题。
针对英文中一些重要习语而设计的考题。
（1）动词词组
同一个动词+不同的小品词。
Jean a cold when she was in Los Angles.
A. came by
B. came down with
C. came into
D. came off Once we a promise, we have to keep it.
A. hold out
B. make out
C. take out
D. put out
（2）重要习语。
David, who was spoilt, having been born with a spoon in his mouth, was a very difficult student.
A. diamond
B. iron
C. gold
D. silver
I，m surprised they are no longer on speaking terms. It，s not like either of them to bear a .
A. disgust
B. curse
C. grudge
D. hatred
语法(GRAMMAR)
1. 一般现在时
表示格言、科学事实或客观真理等；用在条件状语从句中表示将来时间。
时间：when, until, after, before, as soon as, once, the moment/ instant /minute, the day;
条件：if, unless, provided, when.
1）The teacher told the students that the Earth round the Sun.
A. moves
B. moved
C. has moved
D. has been moving
2) When spring , the flowers will be in full bloom.
A. is coming
B. comes
C. come
D. will come
3) Make certain that they when the train leaves.
A. wake up
B. woke up
C. will be waking
D. would wake
4) I’ll be glad if it fine tomorrow.
A. be
B. is
C. is going to
D. will be
2. 一般过去时
5) If only we to visit the art show.
A. have chance
B. had a time
C. have a time
D. had the chance
6) I’d rather she anything about that.
A. knew
B. knows
C. didn’t know
D. did know
3. 现在进行时
7) How can I ever concentrate if you continually me with silly questions?
A. have…interrupted
B. had…interrupted
C. are…interrupting
D. were…interrupting
8) Tome is not himself today. He all day.
A. is being serious
B. is serious
C. was serious
D. was being serious
4．现在完成体
9) Jack from home for two days now, and I am beginning to worry about
his safety.
A. has been missing
B. has been missed
C. had been missing
D. was missed
10) “Did you go to the film?”“Y es, I did. I like it very much. This is the best
Indian film .”
A. I ever saw
B. I have ever seen
C. I ever see
D. I would ever see
11) AIDS is said the number-one killer of both men and women over the
past few years.
A. being
B. to be
C. to have been
D. having been
5. 过去完成体
12) No sooner than the accident happened.
A. he had gone
B. had he gone
C. his going
D. he went
13) As soon as he his error, Rockfeller made the necessary corrections to
his data collected.
A. discovered
B. has discovered
C. discovers
D. had discovered
6. 现在完成进行体
14) By this summer, Elizabeth here for ten years.
A. will work
B. works
C. will have worked
D. has worked
15) After Jackson for half an hour, he came to the conclusion that Mrs.
Bennet was not coming.
A. waited
B. was waiting
C. has waited
D. had been waiting
16) Do not disturb me. I letters all morning and have written ten so far.
A. write
B. have been writing
C. have written
D. was writing
7. 将来时
17) I don’t know what Jeanie at this time tomorrow.
A. does
B. is doing
C. will be doing
D. will do
18) The president a state visit to China next month.
A. is going to pay
B. is to pay
C. is about to pay
D. shall pay
8. 被动语态
19）The Art Exhibition this Saturday.
A. is to hold
B. is to be held
C. is holding
D. holds
20) The naughty boy was outside for two hours for his making great
noise in the classroom.
A. made stand
B. made to be standing
C. made to stand
D. made being standing
21) The book is worth for twice for its vivid description.
A. of being read
B. being read
C. reading
D. to be read
二、虚拟语气的常见用法及测试重点
1．虚拟条件句
用于带有连词if的虚拟条件句
1）If the whole operation beforehand, a great deal of time and money would have been lost.
A. was not planned
B. has not been planned
C. had not been planned
D. were not planned
用于省略连词if的虚拟条件句
2) Had he worked harder, he the exams.
A. must have got through
B. would have got through
C. would get through
D. could get through
3) right now, she would get there on Sunday.
A. Would she leave
B. If she leaves
C. Were she to move
D. If she had left
用于错综时间虚拟条件句
4) If I hadn’t stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell, you now.
A. wouldn’t be smiling
B. couldn’t have smiled
C. won’t smile
D. didn’t smile
用于含蓄虚拟条件句
5)Some women a good salary in a job instead of staying home, but they
decided not to work for the sake of the family.
A. must make
B. should have made
C. would make
D. could have made
6) We didn’t know his telephone number; otherwise we him.
A. would have telephoned
B. must have telephoned
C. would telephone
D. had telephoned
2.用于某些名词性从句
名词性从句：愿望、建议、要求、请求或命令“(should+)原形动词”
用于与某些动词相关的宾语从句和主语从句
suggest, order, direct, demand, propose, command, request, desire, insist, advise, beg, decide, determine, prefer, recommend, require, urge, ask, suppose, move（提议）
I suggest that...（宾语从句）/It is suggested that…（主语从句）。
7) As Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces, I have directed that all measures
for our defense.
A. had been taken
B. would be taken
C. be taken
D. to be taken
8) It is politely requested by the hotel management that radios after l l o，
clock at night.
A. were not played
B. not to play
C. not be played
D. did not play
用于与某些形容词相关的主语从句和宾语从句
advisable, crucial, essential, imperative, important, incredible, natural, preferable, urgent, vital, best/better
9) It is essential that these application forms back as early as possible.
A. must be sent
B. will be sent
C. are sent
D. be sent
10) I don，t think it advisable that Tom to the job since he has no experience.
A. is assigned
B. will be assigned
C. be assigned
D. has been assigned
用于与某些名词相关的语句从句和同语从句
suggestion, proposal, advice, recommendation, order, idea, plan, decision, instruction, insistence, preference, necessity, requirement, resolution, motion, desire
11) We are all for your proposal that the discussion .
A. be put off
B. was put off
C. should put off
D. is to put
off
(1)表示对过去事件的愿望用“过去完成时”或“could/would +have done”；
(2)表示与现在或事实相反的愿望用“过去时”或“were doing（连续性动词）”；
(3)表示对未来事件的愿望用“could/would do”或“were doing（瞬间动词）”。
12）I wish I longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.
A. could have slept
B. slept
C. might have slept
D. have slept
13) The manager would rather his daughter in the same office.
A. had not worked
B. not to work
C. does not work
D. did not
work
14) “Y ou are very selfish. It，s high time you that you are not the most
important person in the world,” Edgar said to his boss angrily.
A. realized
B. have realized
C. realize
D. should realize
15) The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he himself.
A. injure
B. had injured
C. injured
D. would injure
三、主谓一致
语法一致，意义一致，就近原则
1) Every means tried since then.
A. have been
B. has been
C. was
D. were
2) My family agreed not to exchange gifts this year.
A. have
B. has
C. had
D. were
3) Statistics that the number of students engaged in part-time job is
increasing.
A. show
B. have shown
C. has shown
D.
shows
4) That singer and dancer our evening party.
A. are to attend
B. is to attend
C. were to attend
D. have
attended
5. 连词引导并列成分做主语
以第二个主语的人称数来确定谓语动词的形式，只能用复数。
5）Neither the driver nor the passenger on the bus during their drive across the small village.
A. was frightened
B. is frightened
C. are frightened
D. were frightened
6. 介词引导的短语
介词引导的短语跟在主语后不影响主语的数。
6) The president of the college, together with the deans, planning a
conference for the purpose of laying down certain regulations.
A. are
B. have been
C. is
D. were
7. 不可数名词做主语
数词和表示时间、金钱、度量衡、温度等名词做主语，表示一定的量或总和时，谓语动词一般用单数；定语从句的主谓一致：根据定语从句修饰的先行词的人称、数来判断定语从句的人称、数。在the only one of + 复数名词或代词结构中，从句谓语动词用单数；
7) Fifteen minutes all that I can spare to talk over this matter with you.
A. is
B. are
C. was
D. were
数词表示时间中词做主语，表示一定的量词或总和时，谓语动词一般用单数，故答案为A。
8) Jane is the only one of the students who finished the assigned work.
A. have
B. had
C. has
D. are
在the only one of + 复数名词或代词结构中，从句谓语动词用单数，故答案为C。
四、附加疑问句
1. 当主句以suppose, think, believe, expect 等动词做谓语，并且主句的主语是第一人称时，句末的反意疑问部分与宾语从句一致。
1）I suppose you are not serious, ?
A. do I
B. don’t I
C. aren’t you
D. are you
Suppose 做谓语，并且主句的主语是第一人称，句末的反意疑问部分与宾语从句一致。故正确答案为D。
2.当句子主语是anything, everything, nothing, something 等指物的代词时，反意
疑问部分的主语用it ;当句子的主语是anyone ,somebody, everybody, no one, nobody 等指人的代词时，反意疑问部分的主语常用they.
2) Someone borrowed my umbrella, ?
A. didn’t he
B. didn’t they
C. did he
D. did they
Someone 等指人的代词，反意疑问部分的主语常用they ,故而正确答案为B。3）Nothing will happen to him, ?
A. Will it
B. won’t it
C. will they
D. won’t they
Nothing指物的代词，反意疑问部分的主语用it ,故答案为A。
陈述部分含有表示推测的情态动词must 时，若must + be 用来对现在情况进行推测，可当作一般现在时或现在进行时的反意疑问句处理；若表示推测过去的动作持续到现在，按完成体的反意疑问句处理；let us \me 的反意疑问句用will you ?陈述部分的主语是指示代词this或that,附加部分的主语用it, 当主语是these 或those,附加部分的主语是they.
4) Let me give you a word or two of advice, ?
A. shall we
B. shall not I
C. will you
D. shan’t we
5) Y ou must be very hungry, ?
A. mustn’t you
B. needn’t you
C. are you
D. aren’t you
6) That’s your ball-pen, ?
A. isn’t it
B. isn’t that
C. is that
D. is it
根据第三部分解释可知4）答案为C；5）答案为D；6）答案为A。
五、非谓语动词和独立主格结构
1、分词做表语
表示心理状态的动词如disappoint, excite, confuse, delight 等现在分词的意思是“令人失望的”、“令人激动的”、“令人迷惑有”、“令人高兴的”，过去分词是“感到失望的”、“感到激动的”、“感到迷惑的”、“感到高兴的”。所以凡表示“令人…的”都是-ing形式,凡是表示“感到…的”都是用-ed形式。
1）The pupils will if they are made to learn too much.
A. feel confusing
B. feel confused
C. be getting confused
D. be confusing
根据题意可知，学生会感到迷惑故答案为B。
2．有些动词既可以带动名词做宾语，又可以带动词不定式，但所表达的意义不同
2) I don’t her what I thought.
A. regret to tell
B. regret telling
C. regret being told
D. regret to have told
3. 分词做状语
当主句主语与该动词为主动关系，则该动词用现在分词形式；若是被动关系，则该动词为过去分词形式。
3）The rose may grow as low bush or as a tree, .
A. depends on how it is pruned
B. depending on how to prune
C. to depend on how to prune
D. depending on how it is pruned
4) a crowd of spectators, she felt nervous.
A. To be watching
B. Watched by
C. Having been watching
D. Having watched by
5) finished his homework, he had to stay home at the weekend.
A. Having not
B. Not having
C. Being not
D. Having not been
4. 独立主格结构做状语
逻辑主语+分词，或+形容词、名词、副词、介词短评。常用做状语，来表示一种方式、环境、伴随的状况等。With往往是这种结构的引导词。
6)Weather ,we’ll play basketball tomorrow.
A. permits
B. permitted
C. permitting
D. will permit
7) With a guide the road, we set off in the dark.
A. lead
B. led
C. leading
D. leads
8) Such the case, there were no grounds to justify your complaints.
A. was
B. were
C. being
D. would be
9) Ford tried dividing the labor, each worker a separate task.
A. assigning
B. to assign
C. assigned
D. has assigned
六．定语从句和其他从句
1．定语从句
只能由that 引导的定语从句的先行词。非限制定语从句，由as引导的非限制性定语从句，由as引导的限制性定语从句。
1）She studies hard at school when she was young, contributes to her success in her career.
A. that
B. so the
C. so
D. which
2) Sound waves travel in the air in much the same way water waves spread on the water.
A. as
B. that
C. where
D. in which
3) The expressway we drive to work is always crowded.
A. that
B. which
C. when
D. on which
4) Einstein was one of the greatest men ever lived.
A. who
B. that
C. whom
D. he
2. 其他从句
5) They had no sooner got on the train it pulled out of the station.
A. when
B. than
C. before
D. then
6) He said he would give me a ring he reached Paris.
A. the moment
B. while
C. before
D. as
7) It is well known that a child does not reach emotional security a good many years after physical maturity.
A. for
B. during
C. as long as
D. until
8) Mary has done very well, she has only one year experience of teaching.
A. considering that
B. as soon as
C. in that
D. for that
9) a reservation, it will be impossible to get a hotel room this weekend
because of the jazz festival.
A. Without you have
B. If you have
C. Unless you have
D. Unless having
10) , I’ll marry him all the same.
A. Was he rich or poor
B. Whether rich or poor
C. Were he rich or poor
D. Be he rich or poor
11) people say, I believe he is as innocent as baby unborn.
A. Whoever
B. However
C. Whatever
D. Whenever
含主语从句的复合句，其主句谓语用第三人称单数形式；all that, that, what, whether…or。
12）you didn’t know the rules won’t be a sufficient excuse for your delaying submitting the report.
A. It is
B. That
C. Because
D. What
13) The reason why coal is still a very valuable source of power is atomic
power is not available in sufficient quantity.
A. because
B. that
C. as
D. for
14) Can you show me any evidence he is a thief?
A. which
B. in which
C. in that
D. that
七、倒装语序
1．全部倒装
以here, there, how, then, thus, hence等引导的句子习惯上全部倒装；表示方向、地点的状语置于句首，而谓语又是表示运动的动词或表示存在的动词时，句子的主、谓语通常全部倒装。
2．部分倒装
否定词或具有否定意义的词语置于句首为状语时，一般必须采用部分倒装语序。
“Only+副词、介词短语、状语从句”位于句首，需倒装。
“so…that”结构中的“so+状语”位于句首。
so (neither, nor)指代前面一句的内容。
用于were, had, should等词开头省略了if的虚拟条件句
1）Y ou seem to have learned all the new English words by heart.
A. So I do
B. So have I
C. So do I
D. So I have
2) about the good news that he could hardly sleep last night.
A. Too happy he was
B. V ery happy was he
C. V ery happy he was
D. So happy was he
3) Above the land and water with a depth estimated to be from 50 to 200 miles.
A. a layer of air is
B. will a layer of air be
C. a layer of air be
D. is a layer of air
4) Only when you have obtained sufficient data come to a sound conclusion.
A. can you
B. would you
C. you will
D. you can
5) Not until Linoleum was invented in 1860 hard-wearing, easy-to-clean
flooring.
A. any house did have
B. did any house have
C. house had any
D. any house had
6) Here you.
A. is a ticket of
B. a ticket is for
C. is a ticket for
D. has a ticket of
3.强调句型
7) she first heard of the man referred to as a computer specialist.
A. That was from Stephen
B. It was from Stephen that
C. It was Stephen whom
D. It was Stephen that
8) , he cannot work out the problem.
A. As clever as he was
B. Though he may be clever
C. Clever as he was
D. Clever though he may be
八．情态动词、倍数表示法和比较级
1. 情态动词
2．倍数表示法
3．比较级
1）Why didn’t you tell me you could lend me the money? I it from the bank.
A. didn’t need to borrow
B. needn’t have borrowed
C. haven’t need borrow
D. will not need to borrow
2) “Oh, the room is so clean and neat, you a thorough cleaning yesterday.”
A. must have given it
B. should have given it
C. had given it
D. have given it
3) In Shanghai there are more than 50 grand hotels, almost .
A. as many as three times there were five years ago
B. three times as many as there were five years ago
C. as three times as there were five years ago
D. as three times many as there were five years ago
4) The quality of the computer from this factory is much that of ours.
A. inferior than
B. more inferior
C. more inferior to
D. inferior to