自考英语(一)English_jy15011

Text A How TV Violence Affects Kids

New Words（手写板）

1.带有前缀单词：

underlying 潜在的；在…下面；基本的，根本的

undermine 暗中破坏；在…下面挖；侵蚀…的基础

unrealistic 非现实的；不切实际的

nonviolent 非暴力的

2.带有后缀单词：

violence （n.）暴力；猛烈

→violent （a.）暴力的；猛烈的

lasting （a.）持久的，永久的；耐久的

significantly 有意义的；非常重要的→significance 重要

fully 完全地；充分地

reality 现实，实际；真实

recovery（n.）恢复，收回；痊愈，复原

discovery 发现

imitative （a.）模仿的；仿制的

→imitate （v.）模仿

→imitation （n.）

imaginative （a.）富于想象力的，爱想象的

→imagine

→imagination

expressive （a.）表达的；富于表现力的

→expression

jeopardize 危及，损害；使处于危险境地

monitor 监视器；班长；监听员

fascination （n.）令人着迷的事物；迷恋

→fascinating （a.）有魅力的

guilty （a.）有罪的；内疚的

commercially （ad.）商业地，商务地

→commerce（n.）商业

alternative（a.）供选择的东西；两者择一的

→alternate （v.）交替，轮流

non- 放在（n.）（a.）（ad.）前面，表示"无，非，不，不是"或"不重要的，没有价值的"

①nonacceptance 不接受

②non-book 没有价值的书

Text A How TV Violence Affects Kids

For more than a quarter of a century, evidence has been increasing that children's exposure to violence on television has long-lasting effects on their behavior.

本句翻译：在最近这四分之一世纪还多的时间里，出现了越来越多的证据，能够证明把电视上的暴力内容暴露在孩子们的面前，对孩子们的行为产生了深远的影响。

1. exposure 暴露→置于…之下；接触

For example: A good command of English is greatly due to much exposure to the language.掌握好英语在很大程度上归因于大量接触该语言。

long-lasting 持久的

2. have effect on…对…有影响

affect （v.）影响

For example: The climate affects the amount of the rainfall.气候影响了雨量。

effect （n.）结果，影响

For example: Does the medicine have any effect? 这药有什么疗效吗？

Between 1982 and 1986, the amount of television time allocated each week to violent programs increased significantly.

本句翻译：在1982～1986年间，每周电视花在暴力节目上的播出时间总数有了惊人的增长。

allocated…to… 分配给…；把…划归给

For example: He allocated tasks to each of us. 他给我们每个人都分配了工作。

And the number of violent acts on television in the past years has increased from about 19 to 27 per hour.

本句翻译：每小时在电视上播出的暴力节目上的播出时间总数有了惊人的增长。每小时在电视播出的暴行的次数在过去这些年中由19次增加到27次。

violent acts 暴力行为

Given the amount of time that children watch television, it has become one of the most powerful models they want to follow.

本句翻译：从孩子们看电视总共所花的时间这一角度来看，电视上的暴行已经成为孩子们想要模仿的最强有力的典范之一。

given 是由give的过去分词演变成的介词，它和后边的名词一起构成短语，在句中作条件状语，意思是"在…情况下；如果…；考虑到；鉴于"

For example: Given good health, I hope to finish the work this year. 如果身体比较好，我希望今年完成这件工作。

Given their experience, they got the project that many engineers wish to get. 鉴于他们有经验，他们得到了许多工程师都想得到的那项工程。

powerful 强有力的

follow 仿效

The Position Statement on Media Violence in Children's Lives, recently adopted by the National Association for the Education of Young Children, points out that preschool children are particularly easily affected by the media because they are not yet fully able to distinguish fantasy from reality and their understanding of the underlying motives for behavior and the subtleties of moral conflicts is not yet well developed.

本句翻译：最近全国幼儿教育委员会在公布的《关于传播媒介中的暴力内容在儿童生活中的影响的声明》中指出，学龄前儿童特别容易受到传播媒介的影响，因为他们不能把虚构的东西跟现实生活区别开来，他们也还不能充分理解某一行为的潜在的动机，不能充分了解道德情操上的冲突的复杂性。

developed 开发

For example, the rapid recoveries of people on TV from violent attacks give children an unrealistic picture of the injuries that have been suffered.

本句翻译：例如：在电视上人们受到暴力袭击之后很快就痊愈了，这让孩子们对伤者所受的折磨痛苦有一种不真实的理解。

Effects on Play

本句翻译：对玩耍产生的影响

Children naturally often want the toys shown on and advertised during these programs.

本句翻译：孩子们很自然地经常想要这些节目中出现的那些玩具，以及在那些节目中间穿插的广告上的玩具。

And with these toys, their play tends to be more imitative than imaginative.（28：51 口误，imaginative说成imitative）本句翻译：有了这些玩具，孩子们更多地只是单纯模仿在节目进行中所观察到的动作行为，而不再想象。

with 运用

tends to do 倾向于…

3. tend to + v

For example: People tend to get fat as they grow older. 人越老越倾向于体态变胖。

4. more…than… 与其…倒不如说（强调的是前者）

For example: The little girl was more frightened than hurt. 与其说女孩受到了伤害，倒不如说她受到了惊吓。

Children simply imitate the behavior observed during the program, thus undermining both the imaginative and the expressive functions of play.

本句翻译：孩子们只是简单地模仿电视节目里的动作，从而破坏了玩耍时的想象力和表达力。

The narrow range of most violence-related toys advertised on television jeopardizes the role of play in helping children

make better sense of their own feelings and interpret their world.

本句翻译：电视广告里与暴力相关的玩具范围狭窄。这些玩具不能更好地帮助儿童理解自己的感情，也起不到帮助儿童来解释周围世界的作用。

violence-related 和暴力相关的

make better sense of 更好的理解

5. make sense of 了解/理解/弄明白

For example: Can you make sense of what he says? 你能弄懂他的话吗？

The letter was so badly written that I couldn't make any sense of it. 这封信写得如此糟糕，以至于我看不懂它的意思。

Some research even suggests that children apply the behaviors observed on TV programs to their real-life situations.

本句翻译：一些调查研究的结果表明了，孩子们把他们在电视节目中所看到的一些动作行为应用到他们的现实生活的环境中来了。

suggest 表明

apply sth （to sth）应用/运用…/把…运用到…中去

For example: The results of this research can be applied to new developments of technology. 这项研究成果能应用于新的技术开发方面。

6. point out 指出，指明

For example: It is difficult for a person to point out his own shortcomings. 对于一个人而言，指出自己的缺点是困难的。

7.distinguish 辨别，区别（与between或from连用）

For example: The twins are so much alike that it is impossible to distinguish one from the other. 这对孪生子如此像以致于不可能把两人区分开来。

The ability to speak distinguishes human beings from animals. 说话的能力把人类和动物区分开来。

People who can not distinguish between colours are said to be colour-blind. 不能辨别颜色的人叫色盲。

Parents Can Help

本句翻译：父母应该帮忙

It is a good idea for parents to monitor the amount as well as the kind of television their preschool child watches.

本句翻译：由父母来监控学龄前儿童看电视的时间长短和看哪一类电视节目，这倒是个好主意。

8.monitor （n.）班长→监视器，监听员

For example: A group of experts are monitoring the behavior of the rocket under high temperatures. 一群专家正在监控火箭在高温下的情况。

His work is to monitor a foreign broadcast. 他的工作是监听某一外国的无线电广播。

If your child appears to be crazy about war play and weapons, it would be a good idea to control his viewing.

本句翻译：如果你觉得你的孩子狂热地喜欢看战争题材的电视剧，醉心于玩弄武器，那么控制他看电视倒是个好主意。

8. monitor

9. be crazy about 热衷于，对…非常狂热

mad疯

For example: I'm crazy about literature. 我痴迷于文学。

Many young people are crazy about F4. 许多年轻人对F4十分着迷。

Controlling viewing is easier to do during the preschool years than during the school years, so you should initiate a pattern of restricted television watching now.

本句翻译：在学龄前控制儿童看电视比起上学以后再去控制他要容易一些，所以现在你应开始实行一套严格控制儿童看电视的规矩。

controlling viewing 控制观看

pattern 模式

Help your child to interpret what she sees - to think of explanations for the events depicted and to imagine how the show is put together.

本句翻译：帮助你的孩子解释她看到的事物（原文如此：由"他"转换成"她"--译者著）--即让她对电视中所描述的种种事件想出一些解释的方法，还要让她想象出来这个节目是怎样拼凑编辑到一起的。

Make simple critiques of a show without implying that her fascination with the drama and the weapons makes her guilty by association.

本句翻译：对电视节目作一些简单的评论，不必暗示她，使她通过联想让她因迷恋电视剧和武器而感到内疚。

10. criticize 评论

imply （v.）暗示

Ask the teachers of your child's preschool about their policy on war play and toy weapons.

本句翻译：向你的孩子所在的学前班的教师们征询对待战争片和玩具武器的办法。

policy 意见

Many preschool teachers do not like to have commercially made toy weapons brought into the classroom and welcome hearing your concerns about this matter.

本句翻译：很多学前班的老师们都不喜欢把以商业为目的制造的玩具武器带进教室来，他们很喜欢听到你们关心这个问题。

have sth done

concern 关注

Look for other parents who share your views.Work together to control the amount of violent programs watched and the number of violent toys found in the home.

本句翻译：去找其他跟您有共同观点的家长。大家共同协作去控制孩子们所看的暴力节目的时间，去控制在家中所发现的暴力玩具的件数。

Try to arrange play dates for the children as an alternative to TV viewing.

本句翻译：尽量设法给孩子们安排几次到一起玩的聚会，用这种儿童聚会来代替看电视。

Or look for videos of healthy, nonviolent programs for children, and encourage their use as an attractive alternative to violent television programs.

本句翻译：或者去找一些供儿童看的健康的非暴力节目的录像带，鼓励孩子们用这些很有吸引力的节目去代替那些暴力的电视节目。

V ocabulary Exercises

Ⅰ.For each sentence, fill in the blank with the proper form of the words given at the beginning. Please pay attention to the part of speech of each word.

1. violent（暴力的）violence（暴力）violently（暴力地）

a. Many people complain too much （violence）is shown on television.

本句翻译：很多人都抱怨电视上放映的暴力节目太多了。

b. People are sometimes （violent）when they become very angry.

本句翻译：当人们生气的时候他们通常会有一些暴力性的行动。

c. Ten years later, when she saw her friend again, her heart began to beat （violently）.

本句翻译：十年以后，当她再看到自己朋友的时候，她的心里开始狂跳起来。

beat 心脏跳动

2. significant（有意义的）significance（有意义）significantly（有意义地）

a. The return of Hong Kong is of great historical （significance）.

本句翻译：香港的回归具有非常重要的历史意义。

b. The old man said to us （significantly）, “Life is not easy for any of us.”

本句翻译：老人意味深长地对我们说“对于任何人来说活着都是不容易的”。

c. Few things are more （significant）of a man's interests than the books on his shelves.

本句翻译：人的兴趣当中没有什么东西能比他书架上的书更重要。

3. real（真实的）really（真正地）reality（现实）

a. Things that happen （real）life are sometimes stranger than things that occur in fiction.

本句翻译：现实生活中发生的某些事情有时候比小说中发生的事情还令人不可思议。

b. He （really）didn't know the answer.

本句翻译：他真的不知道答案是什么。

c. Her dream of coming to China has become a （reality）.

本句翻译：他的中国之行的梦想已经成为现实。

4. imagine（想象）imaginative（想象的）imagination（想象力）

a. You can never （imagine）how inconvenient our life would be without electricity.

本句翻译：如果没有电，你很难想象我们的生活有多么的不方便。

b. His paintings show that he is a very （imaginative）child.

本句翻译：他所做的画显示出他是一个非常有想象力的孩子。

c. The job requires not only intelligence, but also （imagination）.

本句翻译：这项工作既需要有相当好的智力还需要有想象力。

5. express（表达）expressive（表达的）expression（表达）

a. She can （express）herself well both in Chinese and English.

本句翻译：她可以用中文和英文来很好的表达自己的想法。

b. There is a strange （expression）in her eyes that I cannot understand.

本句翻译：在她的眼睛当中有一种怪怪的，我不能理解的东西。

c. I can never forget her （expressive）smile.

本句翻译：我永远也难以忘记她那富于表现力的微笑。

Ⅱ.Fill in the following blanks with the words listed below in their proper forms.

1. He wanted to （imitate）her writing style, but was not successful.

本句翻译：他想要创造自己的写作风格，但是最终没有成功。

2. Would you please （interpret）for the foreign expert?

本句翻译：请你给那个外国专家解释一下好吗？

3. His love of money is the only （motive）that drives him to work so hard.

本句翻译：他对于钱的忠爱才是驱使着他卖力工作的唯一动机。

drive 驱使

4. A （monitor）sometimes means a person employed to listen to and report on foreign broadcast. 本句翻译：监听者有的时候就意味着他被雇佣去收听和汇报有关外国电台的一些情况。

5. The scientist must produce （evidence）in support of his theories.

本句翻译：科学家必须找出事实提供出证据来证实他的理论。

6. The patient made a perfect （recovery）after two weeks of careful treatment.

本句翻译：经过两周的精心治疗，病人恢复的非常好。

7. His dream of becoming a soldier became a （reality）.

become reality: come true美梦成真

本句翻译：他想成为一名士兵的梦想，已经成为现实。

8. The house is unsafe since the foundations were （undermined）by floods.

本句翻译：由于这栋房子的地基受到了洪水的侵蚀，所以这栋房子不安全。

9. We have to depend on ourselves: there is no other （alternatives）.

本句翻译：我们必须依靠我们自身，我们别无选择。

10. He shut the door with （violence）.

本句翻译：他砰的一声把门关上了。

2018年4月自考 英语(一) 试题

2018年4月高等教育自学考试《英语（一）》试题 课程代码：00012 一、阅读判断 Finding Paradise (天堂) and Success in Retirement Ivy Singh and her husband had their retirement all planned out. They wanted to have a place with enough land to grow plants. The couple successfully found a proper place and turned it into a farm called Bollywood Veggies. "We came and had a look and we found paradise. We started Bollywood Veggies there and then," she says. The basic idea of starting the farm was to keep themselves busy in retirement. Mrs. Singh says it was never begun as a business. "We started this as a lifestyle project for retirement." The farm's produce includes beans, cabbage and other crops. Soon, more people found out about the farm. Visitors often asked whether the farm offered any food or drinks. So the couple started a restaurant and a food museum on the farm. As the farm changed from a retirement to a commercial project, Mrs. Singh sought new business opportunities. A key area was growing bananas. Given the popularity of bananas and their use in a range of food products, she saw great potential. The farm uses its crop to make products such as banana chips and bread. Mrs. Singh, driven by the success of the project, now wants to open a retirement home on the farm. She says the farm is a nice place for people who have retired. Mrs. Singh says she does not care much about the profit, because she is getting to live her dream while making a difference to society. 1. Ivy and her husband made a careful plan for retirement. A. True B. False C. Not Given 2. Before retirement, the couple were doing business on plants. A. True B. False C. Not Given 3. The couple started Bollywood Veggies for business purposes. A. True B. False C. Not Given 4. Cabbage was the first vegetable planted on the farm. A. True B. False C. Not Given 5. The couple opened a restaurant close to the farm. A. True B. False C. Not Given 6. Mrs. Singh planted bananas because they were very popular. A. True B. False C. Not Given 7. Visitors to the farm like its banana chips the best. A. True B. False C. Not Given 8. Mrs. Singh built a retirement home on the farm. A. True B. False C. Not Given 9. Mrs. Singh thinks the farm is a good place for retired people.

自考英语词汇

1 why should a student of English study English lexicology ? First ,it will help his personal vocabulary and consciously increase their word power . second ,it will give him a deeper understanding of word-meaning and enable him to organize ,classif y and store words more effectively .third, it will gradually raise his awareness of meaning and usages of words ,and enable him to use words more accurat ely and appropriat ely. f ourth, it will improve his skills of using reference books and raise his problem-solving ability and eff iciency of individual study .and at last ,it will improve his receptive and productive skills in language processing as will as language production. 2 How does a students of English study English lexicology? We have two approaches to the study of English words, namely synchronic and diachroni c. From a synchronic point of view, words can be studied at a point in time, regardless of changes whatsoever. From a diachronic point of view, we can consider words historically, looking into their origins and changes in f orm and meaning. These two ways are complementary. As f or the course of English lexicology, there are quite some def initions, principles and explanations that govern the law of English words. We need to be clear about them. Everything has its own special aspects. We should grasp them so that we can closely f ollow its law. So it is also the case with English lexicology 3 Illustrate the relationship between sound and meaning with examples. A word is a symbol that stands f or something else in the word. Each of the world’s cultures has come to agree that certain sounds will represent certain persons, things, places, properties, processes and activities arbirtrary, and there is“no logical relationship between the sound which stands f or a thing or an idea and the actual thing and idea itself”.a dog is called a dog not because the sound and the three letters that make up the word just automatically suggest the animal in question. It is only symbolic. The relationship between them is conventional because people of the same speech community have agreed to refers to the animal with this cluster of sound. In dif ferent language the same concept can be represented by diff erent sound. Woman, f or example, becomes “frau”in German, “f emme”in French and “f u nu”in Chinese. On the other hand, the same sound /mi:t/ may be used to mean meet, meat, mete, denoting entirely different thing. Differences of Sound and Form：语音和类型的区别the internal reason f or this is that the English alphabet was adopted from the Romans；the pronunciation has changed more rapidly than spelling over the years, and in some cases the two have drawn far apart；some of the differences were created by the early scribes；f inally comes the borrowing, which is an important channel of enriching the English vocabulary。 4 Enumerate the major modes of modern vocabulary development. (列举现代英语词汇发展的主要方式) generally speaking, there are three modes of modem English vocabulary development. They are: creation, semantic change and borrowing. 1, creation refers to the f ormation of new words by usin g the existing materials, namely roots, aff ixes, and other elements. 2, semantic change means an old f orm which takes on a new meaning to meet the new word. This does not increase the number of word f orms but create many more new usages of the words, thus enriching the vocabulary. 3, borrowing has played a vital role in the development of vocabulary, particularly in earlier times. 5 What are the f undamental f eatures of the core of the English vocabulary? (英 语基本词汇有什么基本特征?) the f oundamental features of the basic word stock are f ollows:1, all national character 2, stability 3, productivity 4, polysemy 5, collocability 6 What is reference? (什么是所指关系?) reference is the relationship between language and the word. “by means of reference, a speaker indicat es which thing in the word (including persons) are being talked about. ”words have meaning only when they have acquired reference. In other words, only when a connection has been est ablished between the linguistic sign and a referent, i.e. an object , a phenomenon, a person, etc. does the sign become ,meaningf ul. The reference of a word to a thing outside the language is arbitrary and conventional. 7 What is the dif f erence between grammatical meaning and lexical meaning? (语法意义和词汇意义有何区 别？) unlike lexical meaning, different lexical items, which have different lexi cal meaning, may have the same grammatical meaning. On the other hand, the same word may have diff erent grammatical meaning. Functional words, though having little lexical meaning, possess strong grammatical meaning whereas content words have both meaning, and lexical meaning in particular. Lexical meaning and grammatical meaning make up the word-meaning. It is known that grammatical meaning surfaces only in use. But lexical meaning is constant in all the content words within or without context as it is related to the word conveys. 8 Associative meaning comprises f our types: connotative, stylistic, aff ective, and collocative.(联想意义包括四种类别：内 涵意义，文体意义，感情意义，搭配意 义) 9 What is the different between the processes of radiation and concatenation? (辐射型和 连锁型有什么区别？) unlike radiation where each of the derived meaning is directly connected to the primary meaning, concatenation describes a process where each of the later meaning is related only to the preceding one like chains. Though the latest sense can be traced back to the original, there is no direct connection in between. 10 Differentiation of homonyms f rom polysemants. (同形同音异义词与多义 词的区别) the f undamental difference between homonyms and polysemants lies in the f ace the f ormer refers to diff erent words which happen to share the same f orm and the latter is the one and same word which has several distinguishable meanings. One important criterion is to see their etymology, i.e. homonyms are f orm different sources whereas a polysemant is f orm the same source which has acquired different meaning in the course of development. The second principal consideration is semantic relat edness. The various meaning of a polysemant are correlated and connected to one central meaning to a greater or lesser degree. On the other hand, meanings of different homonyms have nothing to do with one another. In dictionaries, a polysemant has its meaning all listed under one headword whereas homonyms are listed as separate enties. 11 sources of synonyms. (同义词的来源) 1, borrowing 2, dialects and regional English 3, f igurative and euphemistic use of words 4, coincidence with idiomatic expressions. 12 discrimination of synonyms. (同义词 的区别) 1，diff erent in denotation. 2, dif ferent in connotation 3, diff erent in application. 13 type of antonyms. (反义词的类别) 1，contradictory terms 2, contrary terms 3, relative terms 14 some of the characteristics of antonyms. (反义词的一些特点) 1，antonyms are classi f ied on the basis of semantic opposition. 2, a word which has more than one meaning can have more than one antonym. 3, antonyms diff er in semantic inclusion. 4, contrary terms are gradable antonyms, differing in degree of intensity, so each has its own corresponding opposite. 15 give examples to explain the characteristics of each of the three types of antonymys: contradictiory terms, contrary terms, relative terms. (举例解 释下列三种反义词：1 互为矛盾的反义 词 2 相对反义词 3 表示相互关系的 反义词) contradictiory terms： these antonyms truly represent to each other that they are mutually exclusive and admit no possibility between them. Examples: dead—alive; present—absent; contrary terms: antonyms of the type are best viewed in terms of a scale running between two poles or extremes. f or instance, rich—poor; old—young; relative terms: this type consists of relative opposites such as parent—child; husband—wi f e; 16 What are the causes of semantic charge? (语义变化的原因？) there are many causes of semantic change. The main causes are extra—linguistic f actors and linguistic f actors. In extra—linguistic f actors, there are historical reasons, class reasons, and psychological reasons. In linguistic factors, there are shortening of phrases, inf lux of borrowings and analogy. 17 Types of changes. (词义变化的种类) 1, extension (词义的扩大) 2， narrowing (词义的缩小) 3，elevation (词义的升格) 4，degradation (词义的

(完整版)历年真题2014年10月自考英语(二)试题和标准答案

2014年10月高等教育自学考试英语（二）试卷 （课程代码00015） 本试卷满分100分，考试时间150分钟。 考生答题注意事项： 1．本卷所有试卷必须在答题卡上作答。答在试卷上无效，试卷空白处和背面均可作草稿纸。 2．第一部分为选择题。必须对应试卷上的题号使用2B铅笔将“答题卡”的相应代码涂黑。 3．第二部分为非选择题。必须注明大、小题号，使用0.5毫M黑色字迹签字笔作答。 4．合理安排答题空间，超出答题区域无效。 第一部分选择题 一、阅读判断（第1—10题，每题1分，共10分） 下面的短文后列出了10个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C。在答题纸相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。 The Stranger Who Changed My Life It was a sunny morning in the spring of 1966. I was driving a taxi, looking for a customer. While passing New York Hospital, I found a man running down the hospital steps, waving at me. I stopped. The man reached the taxi and jumped in. “The Airport, please,”he said. As always, I wondered about my passenger. Was this man a talker? After a few moments, he started saying, “How do you like driving a taxi?” “It’s OK” I said. “I make a living and meet interesting people sometimes.” “What do you do?” I asked. “I am a doctor at New York Hospital.” Many times during long rides, I’d developed a good relationship with my passengers and received very good advice from them. This time I decided to ask for his help. “Could I ask a favor of you?” He didn’t answer. “I have a son, 15, a good kid. He wants a job this summer. Is it possible that you get one for him?” He still wasn’t talking, and I was starting to feel foolish. Finally, he said, “Well, my students have a summer research project. Maybe he could join in. Have him send me his school record.” He left his address and paid me. It was the last time I ever saw him.

自考英语二词汇表-4500单词

1（in）ability to：（没）有…的能力 （in）capacity to：（没）有…的能力 a/an：art.一个 a great deal：大量，许多 a great many：很多 a variety of：种种；若干不同的 ability：n.能力，能耐 ability to do：做…的能力 able：a.有才能的，能够的 abolish：vt.废除（法律，习惯等）；取消 about：prep.关于 above：prep.在…之上 above all：首先，首要 abroad：ad.到国外；在国外 absent：a.缺席，不在 absolute：a.绝对的，完全的 absolutely：ad.完全地，绝对地；肯定地 abstract：a.抽象的n.摘要，梗概vt.提取；摘录要点 absurd a.荒谬的 absurdity：n.荒谬 abuse：vt./n.滥用，妄用；虐待，凌辱 academic：a.学院的，学会的；学术的 accent：n.重音；口音 acceptable：a.可以接受的 access：n.通道，入口；接近（或进入）的机会 accessible：a.易接近的；易受影响的（to）；可理解的 accident：n.意外；偶然事故 accompany：vt.陪伴，陪同；伴随，一起发生；伴奏 accomplish：vt.完成（任务等） accomplishment：n.完成；成就；[pl.]造诣，技能 accordance：n.一致，和谐；符合 according：ad.（与to构成介词）按照，根据 accordingly：ad.相应地 according to：根据… account：n.叙述，说明；帐户vi.说明（原因等） accountability：n.有解释义务；负有责任 accumulate vt.积累，积聚 accuracy：n.准确（性），精确（性） accurate：a.准确的，精确的 accurately：ad.准确的，精确地 ache：vi/n.疼痛 achieve：vt.完成 achievement：n.完成，达到；成就，成绩 achive：vt.完成，实现，达到，得到 acid：n.酸，酸性物质 a.酸的 acknowledge：vt.承认；表示感谢 acquaintance：n.认识，了解；相识的人， 熟人 acquire：vt.获得，得到 acronym：n.首字母缩略词 across：ad.交叉，横过 act：n. 行为，举动 act as：（林市）担任，充当，起…作用 act on：遵照…行为，奉行；作用于，影 响 act out：将…表演出来，（用行动）表示 出来 action：n.行动；作用（on） activate：vt.使活动，使起作用 active：a.活动的；活跃的 activity：n.活动，活跃；行动 actor：n.男演员 actual：a.实际的；真实的 AD：（或A.D.）（=Anno Domini）[拉]公 adapt：vt.使适应，使适合；改编vi.适应 （to） adapt……to：使…适应… add：v.增加 add up to：总和是，[口]总起来意味着 addition：n.加，加法；附加物 additional：a.附加的，追加的；另外的 address：n.地址，住址 adequate：a.充足的，充分的；胜任的 adjective：n.形容词 adjust：vt.调整，调节；校准 adjustment：n.调整 administration：n.管理，经营；行政，行 政机关 admire：vt.钦佩，赞美，赞赏 admit：vt.承认，供认；准许…进入，准 许…加入 admission：承认，供认；准许进入，准 许加入 adolescent：n.青少年a.青春期的；青少 年的 adopt：vt.采取，采用；正式通过；收养 advance：vi.前进，取得进展n.前进，进 展；预付 advanced：a.高等的 advantage：n.优点，优越；好处 advantageous：a.有利的，有助的 adventure：n.冒险，奇遇 adversely：ad.相反地；不利地，有害地 advertise：vt./vi.为…做广告；登广告 advertisement：n.（简写为ad）广告 advice：n.劝告 advise：vt.忠告，劝告 affair：n.事情，事件 affect：vt.影响，打动） afflict：vt.使苦恼，折磨 afraid：a.害怕的 Africa：n.非洲 African：n.非洲的 after：prep.在…后 after all：毕竟；终究 afternoon：n.下午 afterward：ad.然后 again：ad.又 against：prep.反抗 age：n.年龄 aged：a.年老的，老的 agent：n.代理人，代理商；起作用的人或 物 aggression：n.侵犯，侵略 aggressive：a.侵略的，好斗的；有进取心 的 aggressiveness：n.侵犯，侵略；进取精神 ago：ad.以前d agree：vi.同意 agreement：n.同意 agricultural：a.农业的 2 ahead：在…前 ahead of：在…前 aid：vt.帮助 aim：n.目标 aim for：瞄准；以…为目标 air：n.空气 airplane：n.飞机 Alabama：阿拉巴马（美国州名） alarm：n.警报；惊恐vt.向…报警；打扰 alarming：a.惊人的，吓人的 文案大全

自考英语一

《英语一》考试题型及备考建议 一、指定教材 必读书目为全国高等教育自学考试公共课指定新材《英语(一)自学教程》。英语一要求掌握的词汇量为3500。本课程的考试采用闭卷方式，统考采用笔试。考试时间为150分钟。试卷满分为100分，60分及格。本课程考试采用统一设计的答题卡。考生必须将所有试题的答案按要求填涂和书写在答题卡对应的位置。"命题按照标准化测试要求设计。命 题的广度和难度依据本大纲规定的知识范围和能力要求确定。部分命题素材取自《英语（一）自学教程》。统考以阅读和写作为主，听、说不做统考要求。考试题包括客观性试题和主观性试题，分别占卷面总分的55%和45%。试卷由七 部分组成，包括：阅读判断、阅读选择、概括段落大意和补全句子、填句补文、填词补文、完形补文以及短文写作。 二、考试要求及考试题型 考试题型分为客观性和主观性试题，试卷由七部分组成：1．阅读判断 2．阅读选择 3．概括段落大意和补全句子 4．填句补充

5．填词补文 6．完型补文 7．短文写作 1、阅读判断：该部分要求考生能够理解文中明确表达的概念或细节，推断隐含表达的内容，理解全文主旨和作者所持观点态度；能够根据上下文推测生词意义，理解句问关系和语篇结构。该部分要求考生在读懂1篇350词左右短文的基础上，对给出的l0个句子所表达信息作出判断，有的信息是正确的，有的是错误的，有的文中没有提到。 该部分共l0小题。每小题1分，共计10分。 2、阅读选择：该部分要求考生：理解文章主旨和要义；把握文章的基本结构；理解文中说明要点的事实和细节；作出简单推理和判断：根据上下文推断生词的释义，领会作者的意图、观点和态度。短文后设有5个题目，要求考生从每题后4个备选项中选出最佳选项。 该部分共5小题，每小题2分，共计10分。 3、概括段落大意和补全句子：该部分包括1篇短文（350词左右）和2项任务：概括段落大意和补全句子。其中概括段落大意部分旨在考查考生宏观把握文章结构、概括段落大意和提取关键信息的能力。该任务设有5或6个概括句或小标题，这些标题或文字分别是对文章各段落的概括和阐述，

2019年自考英语二历年试题(真题)及答案

2019年10月髙等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 英语(二）试卷（课程代码：00015） 本试卷共8页，满分100分，考试时间150分钟。 考生答卷前必须将自己的姓名和准考证号写在答题卡上。 必须在答题卡上答题，写在试卷上的答案无效。 第一部分：阅读判断（第1?10题，每题1分，共10分） 下面的短文后列出了10个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C。在答题卡相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。 To Lease(租赁) or Not to Lease Planning to lease a car because you don't think you can afford to buy? Think again. Leasing can end up being just as expensive as buying. Most people think about leasing because they believe it will cost them less money. They're right-it is cheaper, but only in the short term. For example, if you were to lease anew Subaru Forester, you might pay $300 per month for the car. If you were to buy the same car, you would pay about $400 per month. Over a three-year, you would save $3600-a big savings. But after your lease is over, you have to give the car back. Many people want to lease because they can drive a more expensive car than they might otherwise be able to afford. For example, if you spend $300 monthly on a car, you might be able to lease a new Ford Explorer. For the same price, you might have to buy a used Explorer, or buy a new but much less expensive model. A lease，therefore，allows you to drive the latest models of more expensive cars. However, whatever car you can afford to buy you get to keep it, and it will always have a resell or trade-in(以新旧换)value if you want to upgrade to a new car later. Furthermore, people who lease cars are often shocked by how much they must pay when the lease is over . Most leases limit you to a certain number of miles. If you go over that, you must pay for each mile. As a result, you may end up paying thousands of dollars in mileage(里程) fees. In addition, when you lease ,you have to pay for regular maintenance and repairs to the vehicle. Since you must return the car finally, you are paying to repair someone else's car.

自考英语(二)单词表全集

自考“英语二”大纲单词表1 organizational [`3：g4nai'zei54nl] a.组织（上）的goal [g4ul] n.1.目的，目标；2.得分进球，球门 objective [3b'd9ektiv] n.目标，目的；a.1.客观的，真实的；2.如实的，无偏见的 accomplish [4'k8mpli5] vt.完成（任务等） predict [pri'dikt] vt./vi.预言；预示 accompany [4'k8mp4ni] vt.1.伴随，陪同；2.为……伴奏 implement ['implim4nt] vt.实现；完成（任务等）；履行（协定、诺言等） constraint [k4n'streint] n.1.强制；2.强制因素，制约条件 precedent ['presid4nt] n.先例，前例 simplify ['simplifai] vt.简化 tendency ['tend4nsi] n.趋势，倾向 managerial [`m1n4'd9i4ri4l] a.1.经理的，管理人的；2.管理上的，经营上的 maker ['meik4] n.制造者；制造商 achievement [4't5i：vm4nt] n.1.完成，达到； 2.成就，成绩 attain [4'tein] vt.达到；完成 optimal ['3ptim4l] a.最适宜的；最理想的 suboptimization [s8b`3ptimai'zei54n] n.局部最优化（指使整体目标中的某个选定目标圆满实现） trade-off ['treid 3f] n.1.（对不能同时兼顾的因素）权衡；2.物物交换 argue ['2：gju：] vt./vi.争辨，争论，辩论；vt.1.说服；2.用辩论证明 budget ['b8d9it] n.预算；vt.1.把……编入预算； 2.安排，预定 scheme [ski：m] n.计划；方案；vt./vi.计划，策划 define [di'fain] vt.1.解释，给……下定义；2.限定，规定 multiple ['m8ltipl] a.多样的，复合的；n.倍数 profitability [`pr3fit4'biliti] n.赚钱，获利 correctness [k4'rektnis] n.正确，正确性 unintended ['8nin'tendid] a.非计划中的，非故意的ongoing ['3n'g4ui6] a.进行中的，前进的 entity ['entiti] n.1.存在，实体；2.统一性 skilled [skild] a.熟练的；有技能的 in the way 挡路；碍事 make a guess at 猜测 and the like 等等，诸如此类 seek to 追求，争取 in part 部分地，在某种程度上 point of view 观点 interview ['int4vju：] vt./n.1.面谈，采访；2.面试，口试 criticism ['kritisiz4m] n.批评；评论 candidate ['k1ndideit] n.1.候选人，候补者；2.应试者vague [veig] a.含糊的；不明确的 notion ['n4u54n] 1. 概念；2.想法，看法 prospect ['pr3spek n.1.展望，景象；2.[常pl.]前景，前程 community [k4'mju：niti] n.社区；共同体 unattractive [`8n4'tr1ktiv] a.无吸引力的；不引人注意的 indifference [in'difr4ns] n.冷漠；不感兴趣（to）interviewer ['int4vju：4] n.接见者；面谈者 personality [`p4：s4'n1liti] n.个性；人格；品格prospective [pr4s'pektiv] a.预期的；未来的 speechless ['spi：t5lis] a.1.不会说话的；2.不说话的clarification [`kl1rifi'kei54n] n.澄清，阐明 correspondence [`k3ris'p3nd4ns] n.1.符合，一致；2.通信 photocopy ['f4ut4u`k3pi] vt./n.1.复印，影印； 2.照相复制本 resume ['rezju：mei]] n.1.摘要，梗概；2.个人简历inefficiency [`ini'fi54nsi] n.无效；效能差 neat [ni：t] a.整洁的；简洁的；整齐的 conservative [k4n's4：v4tiv] a.1.保存的，防腐的；2.保守的，守旧的 punk [p86k] n.1.（俚）阿飞；2.朋克（70年代以来英国、美国的年轻人中的颓废派）；a.颓废派的 miniskirt ['minisk4：t] n.超短裙 panel ['p1nl] n.专门小组 intimidate [in'timideit] vt.恐吓，恫吓 clutch [kl8t5] vt./vi.抓住，握紧 grip [grip] vt./n.1.紧握，紧夹；2.掌握，控制 painful ['peinful] a.1.痛苦的；2.费力 自考“英语二”大纲单词表2 rephrase ['ri'freiz] vt.重新措辞，改用别的话表示apply for 申请 day to day （=day-to-day）work 日常工作 take the trouble to 不辞劳苦，费力 put oneself in somebody's place 设身处地