寒冷天气如何保暖
From VOA Learning English, this is the Health Report in Special English.
这里是美国之音慢速英语健康报道。
Freezing weather can mean frostbite and hypothermia unless a person is prepared. Today we talk about how to stay warm, dry and safe.
除非准备充分，严寒天气总意味着冻伤和体温过低。今天我们谈谈如何保持温暖、干燥和安全。
Frostbite is damage that happens when skin is exposed to extreme cold for too long. It mainly happens on the hands, feet, nose and ears.
如果皮肤暴露在极度寒冷中太久，就会引起冻伤。主要发生在手、脚和耳朵上。
People with minor cases of frostbite that affect only the skin may not suffer any permanent damage.
如果冻伤很轻，只发生在皮肤表面，就不会造成永久损伤。
But if deeper tissue is affected, a person is likely to feel pain every time the area gets cold.
但一旦深层组织受损，人们可能在天气变冷时就会感到疼。
If blood vessels are damaged, people can suffer a gangrene infection.
如果血管受损，人可能会得坏疽感染。
Sometimes the only way doctors can treat an injury like this is to remove frostbitten areas like fingers and toes.
有时，医生治疗这种损伤的唯一办法就是从手指和脚趾去除掉冻伤的部位。
Hypothermia is a condition that develops when the body cannot produce as much heat as it releases.
体温过低是指身体无法制造与所释放热量相当的热量，
Signs of hypothermia include uncontrollable shaking, very slow breathing and difficulty thinking clearly.
其症状包括，无法控制的抖动、非常慢的呼吸以及清晰思考困难。
Hypothermia can lead to death if the person does not receive help.
体温过低不及时救治会导致死亡。
To avoid cold-related injuries, here is a simple way to remember four basic steps to staying warm. Think of COLD -- C.O.L.D.
要避免与寒冷相关的损伤，我们向大家提供一个简单的办法，也就是保暖的四个基本步骤。想想Cold这个单词里的四个字母C.O.L.D。
The C stands for cover. Wear a hat and scarf to keep heat from escaping through the head, neck and ears. And wear mittens instead of gloves.
C代表遮盖，戴帽子和围巾使头部、颈部和耳朵热量不致损失。戴连指手套而非分指手套。
In gloves, the fingers are separated, so the hands might not stay as warm as they would in mittens.
戴分指手套时，手指是分开的，所以双手无法像戴连指手套时那样保持暖和。
The O stands for overexertion. Avoid activities that will make you sweaty. Wet clothes and cold weather are a dangerous combination.
O代表用力过度。避免让人出汗的活动，潮湿的衣服和寒冷的天气是危险组合。
L is for layers. Wearing loose, lightweight clothes, one layer on top of another, is better than wearing a single heavy layer of clothing.
L代表一层又一层。穿一层层宽松轻便的衣服比只穿一件厚衣服好。
Make sure outerwear is made of material that is water-resistant and tightly knit. 确保外套的材料防水且紧致。
D is for dry. In other words, stay as dry as possible. Pay attention to the places where snow can enter clothing.
D代表干燥，也就是说尽可能保持干燥。注意衣服上雪花可能进去的部位，
These include the tops of boots, the necks of coats and the wrist areas of mittens or gloves.
包括长筒靴口，衣领和手套口。
And here are two other things to keep in mind -- one for children and the other for adults.
还有两件事要记住，一个关于儿童，一个关于大人。
Eating snow might be fun but it lowers the body's temperature. And drinking alcohol might make a person feel warm.
吃雪可能会有趣，但会降低体温。喝酒会让人感觉暖和，
But what it really does is weaken the body's ability to hold heat.
但会降低身体保温的能力。
Next week on the Health Report: advice from experts about what to do, and not to do, to help someone who is injured by cold weather.
下周的健康报道中，专家会建议寒冷天气已受损伤的人们提出建议，告诉他们该怎么做，不该怎么做。