20120912 高中英语语法 第八单元 名词和冠词教案

高中英语语法第八单元名词和冠词（教案）

一、教学主干

冠词：a,an,the这些放在名词前表示属性的词，没有冠词称为零冠词

二、教学板书

三、备课教案

1．冠词与名词连用表示种类

1）a surprise一个惊喜a blue sky一片蓝天 a pleasure愉悦 a peaceful sea风平浪静

a pity可惜 a shame羞耻，廉耻心a good breakfast一餐很棒的早餐

2）不可数名词加“s”表示种类

foods,drinks,waters,seas.fruits,medicines

3）科技名词与“the”连用表示类别,,乐器必须加the

the telephone,the computer等the piano

4）普通名词用“a”或用the表示一类

A horse is a useful animal. The tiger is in danger.

5）有些名词用作不可数意义笼统，用作可数名词意义具体

1/invite sb to do dinner have a dinner

2/have some tea give me a tea

3/a piece of cloth（布料） a cloth（某种用途的一块布）

4/by froce（武力）forces军队

5/experience经验experiences经历

6/ash灰ashes（灰烬）残渣

7/manner方式manners礼貌

6）有些名词只有复数形式，没有单数形式

Clothes,people（人们）cattle（黄牛）bull（公牛）water buffalo（水牛）

police,customs（海关）s urroundings（环境）conditions（环境）

youth（青年）circumstances（环境）trousers,thanks,wishes,

regards（问候，关于，至于）, congratulations,respects（尊敬）

7）有些名词指整体谓语动词用单数，指个体成员谓语动词用复数

如：class,family,group,committee（委员会）,team

8）有些抽象名词与of连用相当于形容词可作表语或定语、补语

（be）of interest （help，improtance,use,benefit,value等）

9）of a + n.=the same + n.表示相同的形状，样式等

（be）of a kind（weight，height,design,colour,sharp,size,quality,width,length等）

10）下列不可数名词不能与“a”连用

news,advice(只能用a suggestion),information,practice,energy等

2．名词作定语

名词作定语说明被修饰名词的用途、材料和功能

1/单数名词作定语

a shoe factory a coffee cup a gold ring paper money traffic lights a dimond necklace

2/复数名词作定语

sports meeting sports car/shoes/clothes salesgril salesman clothes line

3/定语随着被修饰名词发生单复数变化

a man doctor men doctors a woman driver women drivers

4/具体的时间，区域作定语用所有格

泛指的时间不用所有格

t oday’s newspaper tomorrow’s meeting an hour’s ride two weeks’ holiday

ten minutes’ walk China’s industry（中国工业）evening dress晚礼服

morning paper night school winter holidays

四、课堂习题

1．While learning English,we must learn a lot of new words and useful expressions _____.

A]with mind B]with head C]in heart D]by heart

学英语时，我们必须用心学很多新单词和有用的表达

选D with是伴随，和的意思，in heart是在心里，by heart是用心

2．The day ended up with _____.

A]a heavy rain B]heavy rain C]heavy snow D]much rain

今天由一场大雨结束

选 A 因为ended说明是指结束的一瞬间，这里单数名词作定语

3．My father teaches at _____ university.

A]one B]an C]a D]/

我的父亲在一所学校教书

选B at表示在哪里，假如是指具体地方的话，用in指具体的大地方，at指具体的小地方，而现在是学校，不是具体地方，所以表示在某个领域的意思，an university是大学一类4．These football players had no strict _____ until they joined our club.

A]practice B]education C]exercise D]training

那些足球运动员没有经过严格的训练直到他们加入了我们的俱乐部

选D practice普通练习，education教育，exercise练习，锻炼（非常不正规的），training 系统的体能训练

5．They went to _____ theatre.

A]some a B]a some C]certain a D]a certain

他们去了某一个剧院

选D 首先some是一些，不能是单数，其次，这里certain是形容词某一，a是说明剧院的6．Will you join us in _____ conversation?

A]the B]/ C]a D]an

你会加入我们在这次交谈吗？

选 A 因为同题3，此处问句特地强调是这次交谈，所以用the

7．……Thank you very much for showing me around,Miss White.

……_____.

A]It’s all right B]It’s a pleasure C]I’m pleased D]The sme to you

选B 一切都好（正常），这是我的荣幸/这是我该做的，我很高兴，和你一样

8．It was _____ that such little insect ate so much food.

A]wonder B]wonderful C]a wonder D]wondering

如此小的昆虫能吃这么多的食物是一个奇观

选C 原句是such little insect ate so much food was a wonder强调句，此处was前面是一段事实，所以不是广泛地奇观不选 A，此处that从句，a wonder做了宾语从句，B错9．One of my good friends is young man and _____ man you’ll like to work with.

A]the,the B]a,the C]a,a D]the,a

10．……When did you arrive here.

……Just _____ when he married.

A]in the same morning B]on the night

C]at the night D]on very afternoon

你什么时候到这里的，就在他结婚的那天晚上

选B in是一段时间内，arrive是瞬间动作，而at是精确到某一时刻，只有at night在晚上的用法，不能用at the night是错的，on指宽泛的时间，the说明特指是结婚那天晚上11．We can’t stand _____ any longer.

A]that bad temper of him B]his that bad temper

C]that bad temper of his D]that his bad temper

我们不能再容忍他的坏脾气了

先C 此处宾语从句，既然是从句，就不能像D一样的正常语序

12．……What did you see?

……We saw _____ police there.

A]many B]much C]little D]the

你看见了什么？我看见警察在那里

选D police只有复数是群体，个体是policeman和policewoman才有多少之说，the特指13．_____ useful information you’ve gathered!

A]What B]What a C]How D]How an

你获得了多么有用的信息呀！

选 A useful前用an，只能用what强调，用how的表达应该是How useful you gathered information is.（只有一般陈述句这样才能用how强调形容词）

14．……Have you ever heard of Mr Read?

……Yes,he is _____ reporter.

A]an Australian famous young B]a famous Australian young

C]a young Australian famous D]a famous young Australian

你听说过瑞德先生吗？师德他是一个有名年青的澳大利亚记者（澳大利亚有名的年青记者）选D One of a beautiful big,long and high fat young black American paper cat. 其中，美丽，大长高，胖，年青，黑色，美国，纸质，猫

限定，描绘，大长高，外形，年龄，颜色，国籍，材料

15．……Can’t you get the main _____ of the story?

……No，I’m poor at Japanese.

A]idea B]point C]message D]news

你难道不能理解这个故事的主要情节吗？不能，我日文很差

选B main point要点，message信息，news新闻，idea想法（主要指哲学上的想法）16．The housewives on _____ farm often go to _____ church on Sundays.

A]/,/ B]the,a C]/,the D]the，/

那些在农场生活的家庭主妇经常在周六去教堂做礼拜

选D work on farm指职业是在农场工作的（男主人才是），work on the farm是指住在农场的，（类似于in hosipital住院in the hosipital在医院里）去教堂（含做礼拜的意思）是go to church这里没有特指，同理go to school,go to class（去上学，去上课）17．They moved to another house to make _____ the newcomers.

A]a room for B]some room to C]room for D]much room for

他们搬到其他房间为了腾出房间给新来的人

选C make room腾出房间，首先，some和much后面应该是复数,这么多人搬动给这么多新人，说明不止一件房间，重点是make a room的意思是在宾馆开房

18．Why should _____ man retire at _____ age of sixty.

A]a,the B]a,an C]the,/ D]/,the

为什么一个人要在六十岁退休

选 A at the age固定搭配，age必须特指如at that age等，这里泛指那个年龄的一个人19．When he returned from abroad,he was not _____ we had known ten years before. A]John B]a John C]the John D]the Johns

当他从国外回来的时候，他一件不是我们曾经认识的那个约翰了

选C the特指原来的约翰， A说他不是约翰，B不是一个约翰，D约翰们显然不对

20．He had written and later destroyed _____ paper

A]many so B]so much C]such many D]many such

他已经写了并且最近毁掉了如此多这样的纸张

选D such是形容词，名词前可有无形容词，so是副词，必须有形容词但可以省略名词

He is such a (big) fool;He is so foolish (a man)

单数时：so+形容词+冠词+名词 such+冠词+形容词+名词

I know so clever a boy;I know such a clever boy.

So即使有形容词也不能形容复数

Such useful books

Such不能用many,much,few,little

Such little形容可数名词表示小，so不行

这句话是说浪费了如此多的这样的纸张，用such paper,意为这类的时such后面用单数

21．I need _____ of rope to tie all the books.

A]a long B]a length C]long D]length

我需要一段绳子同系紧所有的书

选B 类似于a piece of cake表一件不可数的物品，选 A不嫩用of,选Dlength of是指……的长度

22．It’s a hard _____ for a poor man to keep his wife and children well dressed. A]labour B]work C]duty D]job

对于一个穷人来说保持他的妻子和孩子穿着良好是很难的一件事

选D labour是劳动，work是工作，duty是职责，job是事情

23．Everything is going on well under the normal _____.

A]conditions B]condition C]situation D]situations

在正常的情况下一切正常

选 A conditions（居住工作）环境，条件，状况 condition情况，状况;v.制约,限制Situation（人的）情况，局面，形式 situations不存在这种表达这里under说明是大环境之下，而不是个体的情况

24．We can’t grow rice for _____ of water.

A]no B]lack C]little D]no enough

为了仅有的水，我们不能种植稻米

选B 水很少，enough，little后面之间跟名词，lack of缺乏

25．This kine of material _____ easily.

A]is torn B]tears C]is washed D]is lasted

选B 撕碎，被洗干净，经得住/够用，表示性用一般现在时，不需要可以说这个材料经得住怎样的效果，D不合逻辑

26．……Have you come to an _____.

……Not yet.We need a futher discussion

A]agreement B]idea C]end D]effect

你们已经得出最后的结论了吗？还没，我们需要更深的探讨

选 A 统一的意见agreement,come to得出C要表示结果结论用result,effect影响，效果27．Mr smith is musical ______.

A]in nature B]by nature C]of nature D]with nature

史密斯先生是天生的喜爱（精通）音乐的

选B 本质上的，天生的； A实际上，性质上C源于自然D和自然

28．One splendid mountain ______ followed another during our journey from our city to the mountain village.

A]view B]glance C]screen D]scene

一个又一个壮丽的山色画面接踵而至在我们去往山顶村庄的旅行当中

选 A 风景，浏览/扫一眼，Splendid华丽的，壮丽的

29．No ______ you failed in the exam.You have always been so careless.

A]matter B]trouble C]wonder D]way

难怪你在考试中失败了，你总是那样粗心

选C A无论，B没问题，C难怪，D没办法

30．He thought the painting was of little _____, so he let me have it for only ten pounds.

A]value B]cost C]price D]expense

选 A 价值，花费，价格，费用

31．The child is so full of _____ that he can't keep still.

A]force B]energy C]power D]strength

那孩子是如此精力充沛以至于他不能保持不动

选B force n.力，武力v.强迫，推动 energy n.能量，活力 power n.力量（偏物理如机器）strength n.力量，长处，优点

32．… Are you really through with the job?

…No, _____ ,I’ve just begun.

A]on the other hand B]on the contrary

C]on the one hand D]in a moment

你完成了这个工作了么？没有，相反的，我才刚刚开始

选B in a moment一会儿，立刻，马上 through with完成

33．I knew I sholdn’t accept anything from such a person,but I found it difficult to turn down his _____ .

A]appreciation B]offer C]suggestion D]request

我知道我不能接受来自这样一个人的任何东西，不过我发现我很（难拒绝他的提议）（降低他的定价）

选B turn down拒绝appreciation n.欣赏，感谢offer v.提供 n.提议，出价 suggestion n.建议（一般用agree with） request v.请求（下级对上级）n.要求

34．China Central Television today offer a great _____ of programmes to satisfy

different need and _____ .

A]number,smell B]types,hopes C]variety,tastes D]kinds,market

中国中央电视台今天提供了丰富多彩的节目来满足各种需求和口味

选C a great number of 许多 a great variety of 各种各样的，丰富多彩的 a great types of 众多类型的 a great kinds of 各种类型的后面应为是满足各种需求和口味，而不是希望或市场，应为前面已经有需求need了

35．His daughter is always shy in _____ and she never dares to make a speech to _____ . A]the public,the public B]public,the public

C]the public,public D]publicl,public

他的女儿在公众场合面前总是害羞并且她从不敢再公众面前演讲

选B 应为in public是在公众场合，形容词，公众的；in the public 名词意思，公众36．Could you spare me _____ ？I want to have _____ with you.

A]some time,a word B]sometimes,words C]sometime,a word D]some times,words 选 A some time 一段时间 sometime 有时 word 单词 words 话，诺言，口令(passwords) have a word 说句话(指对话)

37．To be a good teacher calls for rich knowledge as well as _____ .

A]patience B]time C]wait D]patiences

为了成为一位好的老师要求丰富的知识和耐心

选 A patience n.耐心（不可数） patient adj.有耐心的 call for 需要，要求

38．It takes years of _____ practice to gain the skill of _____ expert.

A]a,the B]/,a C]a,an D]/,an

（强调时间长）花费了许多年的时间来获得专家的技能

选D practice在这句话中相当于广泛意义上的实践活动，不是练习题这种可数的，而an expert是代表一个专家，是指专家这类人中的一个，表强调

39．In the botanical gardens we can find a(an) _____ of plants that range from tall trees to small flowers.

A]species B]groups C]amount D]variety

选D botanical adj.植物学的 species n.物种，种类 groups n.组，群amount n.量，数量，总额 variety adj.多种多样的

40．May I try on the coat? I don’t know whether it’s my _____ .

A]size B]color C]design D]model

我能试下那件衣服吗？我不知道它是否时我的尺寸

选 A Size of the coat 衣服的尺寸颜色，设计，款式不需要试

41．The police are offering a big _____ for information about the robber.

A]money B]reward C]price D]prize

警察将会提供一大笔奖金给提供谋杀者线索的人

选B 给钱是有用途的，奖金这里合适，给价格和战利品（奖赏）都不合适

42．It was too early in the _____ to expect many visitors to a seaside.

A]season B]time C]period D]term

选B 只有时间可以用early形容，季节，时期（应该和整体放一起时有相对早的概念），term 是学期，和海边关系不大

43．One of the _____ of living on the top floor of a high rise is that you can get a good _____ .

A]advantages,view B]advantages,scene

C]things,sight D]differences,look

住在顶层的其中一个好处是随着高度上升，你能得到好的视角

选 A 后面good说明前面用好处，然后登高望远，所以是视野开阔，view n./v.看（广范围的欣赏），风景 scene n.场面，风景 sight n.视力，视野v.看见，观察（注视某个地方）aim v.瞄准

44．What you need is more _____ ,for you are always doing your _____ at your desk. A]exercises,exercises B]exercise,exercise

C]exercises,exercise D]exercise,exercises

你需要的是更多的练习，为此你应该经常在你的桌上经常做你的作业/练习题

选D 广义的练习

45．Each of us is supposed to go all out for team on _____ .

A]sport filed B]sports field C]sports fileds D]sports’ fileds

我们中的每一个都希望所有的人从队伍步入运动界

选C sports filed运动界，sport filed运动场地，sports field运动相关的地方，sports’ fields

类似于river’s water的水，有所述关系

46．The ship is ploughing _____ to _____ Atlantic

A]water,the B]the waters,/ C]the waters,the D]a water,/

船破着水浪直接驶向大西洋（犁耕）

选C大西洋专有名词用the,the waters是特指海水（水本体），water泛指，水类物，海域47．_____ came of his success in the singing competition abroad.

A]Word B]Words C] A word D]some words

他在国外歌唱比赛获胜的消息传来

选A 消息，句子，一个单词，一些单词

48．Mr Jackson used to work in the _____ department of the chemical _____.

A]sale,work B]sales,work C]sale,works D]sales,works

杰克逊先生曾经工作于化学工程的公寓出售

选A sale是n.销售，销售sales是adj.销售的；work工作works工厂，加s一般表示这种动作出现频率高的地方，如sports可以表示体育娱乐

49．The astronauts were busy making _____ for the historic flight to the moon.

A]preparation B]preparations C]preparing D]a preparation

宇航员正在紧张地准备着历史上第一次飞向月球

选B 准备，C是动词

50．……What did Alexander Bell do?

……He invented _____.

A]telephones B]a telephone C]telephone D]the telephone

贝尔做了什么事？他发明了电话

电话这里特指一项发明，用the

最新高中英语语法-名词练习题

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高中英语语法练习题-高考精粹 1. Ms Nancy didn't mind at all ______ to the ceremony. A. being not invited B. not being invited C. not inviting D. not to be invited 2. "_____ your meeting is!" he offered them his sincere congratulations. A. How a great success B. What a great success C. How great success D. What great success 3. We must remember that _____fashion is not the most important thing in _______ life. A. /; the B. /; / C. the; / D. the; the 4. It _____ quite a few years _____ the accused was declared innocent and set free. A. was; since B. is; that C. will be; when D. was; before 5. The professor said he could talk on _____ interested the audience. A. any topic B. which topic C. whichever topic D. the topic he thought it 6.Under no circumstance _____ to tell lies to parents. A. children are allowed B. are children allowed C. children will allow D. will children allow 7.Modern science and technology has _____ communication between people far apart. A. made convenient B. made it convenient C. made it convenient for D. made it convenient to 8.I heard that you really had a wonderful time at John's birthday party, _____? A. didn't I B. didn't you C. hadn't you D. will you 9.The great use of school education is not so much to teach you things _____ to teach you the art of learning. A. as B. that C. than D. but 10.No matter how frequently _____ the works of Beethoven always attract a large number of people.

高中英语语法：冠词之零冠词的用法

五、零冠词的用法 1. 用于物质名词前。物质名词表示泛指或一般概念时，通常用零冠词： Water boils at 100℃. 水在摄氏100度沸腾。 Blood is thicker than water. 水浓于水(即亲人总比外人亲)。 表示泛指或一般概念的物质名词前，即使有一描绘性修饰语，仍用零冠词： Don't eat rotten food. 不要吃腐烂的食物。 注：(1)若特指，物质名词前可用定冠词： Is the water in the well fit to drink? 这井里的水能喝吗? (2)表示一种、一杯、一场、一阵、一份等这样的概念时，可用不定冠词： This is a very good wine. 这是一种很好的酒。 A coffee, please. 请给我来杯咖啡。 It was very cold and a heavy snow was falling. 当时天气很冷，正在下大雪。 2. 用于抽象名词前。抽象名词表示泛指或一般概念时，通常用零冠词： Do you like music? 你喜欢音乐吗? Failure is the mother of success. 失败是成功之母。 表示泛指或一般概念的抽象名词前，即使有一描绘性修饰语，仍用零冠词： I like light music very much. 我非常喜欢轻音乐。 注：(1)若特指，抽象名词前可用定冠词： I like the music of Mozart. 我喜欢莫扎特的曲子。 (2)若表示一种、一类、一方面、那种、这种等这之类的概念时，可用不定冠词：He lives a happy life. 他过着幸福的生活。 Physics is a science. 物理是一门科学。 (3)表示动作的一次、一例、一番等时，可用不定冠词： Let me have a look. 让我看一看。 (4)表示与抽象名词意义相关的具体的人或事，可用不定冠词： The book is a delight to read. 这书读来很有趣。 3. 用于专有名词前。在通常情况下，专有名词前用零冠词： Smith lives in London. 史密斯住在伦敦。 注：(1)若特指，专有名词前有时也可用定冠词： The Smith you’re looking for no longer lives here.你找的那个史密斯不住这儿了。 (2)专有名词前使用不定冠词和定冠词的其他情况，见本章有关内容。 4. 用于复数名词前。复数名词表示类别时，通常用零冠词： Teachers should be respected. 教师应该受到尊重。 泛指不定量的人或物，也用零冠词： We are students of Class Five. 我们是五班的学生。 注：若特指，复数名词前应用定冠词： The teachers should attend the meeting 教师应参加会议。 5. 用于单数可数名词前。单数可数名词前用零冠词，主要有以下情况：