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Ignite-UX and MirrorDisk_UX

Ignite-UX and MirrorDisk_UX
Ignite-UX and MirrorDisk_UX

Ignite-UX and MirrorDisk/UX

Abstract (2)

Introduction (2)

Deployment (2)

System Recovery (2)

How to Deploy Mirrored Disk Systems with Ignite-UX (3)

How to mirror the root disk on a HP 9000 system (3)

How to mirror the root disk on an HP Integrity Server (4)

How to Recover Mirrored Disk Systems with Ignite-UX using make_tape_recovery (8)

How to Recover Mirrored Disk Systems with Ignite-UX via make_net_recovery (8)

An Example config.local File (9)

Glossary (13)

For More Information (14)

Abstract

It is a common misconception that Ignite-UX cannot be used with systems containing mirrored disks. While it is true that Ignite-UX does not have any built-in support for mirrored disks, it is not true that Ignite-UX cannot be used on systems with mirrored disks. Ignite-UX is still a very valuable tool for use on systems configured with LVM mirroring.

This white paper has two primary goals:

?Explain benefits and limitations of using Ignite-UX with LVM mirroring.

?Explain how to use Ignite-UX with LVM mirroring.

Introduction

Ignite-UX is a tool set used for the deployment (cold installation) and recovery of HP-UX on HP systems. The make_tape_recovery and make_net_recovery tools are used to build a customized recovery image that can be used in the event of a root volume group failure.

MirrorDisk/UX must be installed on a system to enable LVM mirroring functionality. None of the Ignite-UX tools are "aware" of mirrored disks.

Deployment

In the case of cold installation (deployment), the fact that Ignite-UX is not aware of mirrored disks means:

?When describing how your system's disks will be configured using the Ignite-UX user interface, it is not possible to specify any disk mirroring information.

?There are no Ignite-UX configuration file keywords that allow you to specify any disk mirroring.

It is, of course, possible to use Ignite-UX to cold install your system. You can then set up your system’s mirrored disks with the LVM commands, or by using SAM (for all volume groups except the root volume group).

System Recovery

In the case of recovery (make_tape_recovery and make_net_recovery), the fact that Ignite-UX is not aware of mirrored disks means that the system being recovered may have had mirrored disks prior to the problem that forced the system recovery. Of course, with a mirrored root disk you are much less likely to ever need to recover a failed root disk using make_tape_recovery or

make_net_recovery. Nonetheless, mirroring your root disk does not cover all of the cases that system recovery can handle. For example:

?There has been a catastrophic software error on the root disk that has also affected the mirror. For example, executing rm -rf * while in the root (/) directory.

?The primary disk has a hardware failure and the mirror also fails before the primary can be replaced.

?You are about to update your system to a new operating system release or add new patches to the system. Creating a recovery archive allows you to get back to a working system if the update does not succeed.

During such a recovery, Ignite-UX will not automatically re-create the LVM mirrors. The mirrors need to be created via LVM commands or SAM after the recovery is complete.

Later in this white paper we will be discussing how you can add

configuration into a recovery archive to automatically reestablish LVM

mirroring of the root volume group.

How to Deploy Mirrored Disk Systems with Ignite-UX

When you're specifying how your disks should be configured in the Ignite-UX user interface, any disks that will eventually be mirrors should not be specified.

Once the cold install process has completed, you can set up your disk mirrors via the SAM command or by using the LVM commands directly. Note that SAM cannot be used to mirror the root disk.

It is important to understand the steps involved in mirroring the root volume group on HP 9000 and HP Integrity servers in order to apply these concepts to the use of Ignite-UX with mirrored disks. How to mirror the root disk on a HP 9000 system

1.Run the pvcreate command on the disk that you will be mirroring to, you must use the –B option to make this disk bootable, it is a common mistake when mirroring the root volume group to not use the –B option when running pvcreate on the alternate boot disk.

Note:

If your setup requires more than one disk to complete mirroring, the second

and any subsequent disks should not have pvcreate executed on them

with the –B option. You may need to use the –f option to force pvcreate

to operate on the disk if it has been used by LVM previously.

# pvcreate -B /dev/rdsk/

2.Extend the disk into the root volume group, at this point you should also extend any other disks required into the root volume group.

# vgextend /dev/vg00 /dev/dsk/

3.The mkboot command must be run on the alternate boot disk so that a copy of the primary and secondary loader (and other things) are placed into the LIF1 space that was reserved by using the –B option to pvcreate in Step 1.

# mkboot /dev/dsk/

4.Update the boot string in the AUTO file in the LIF on the alternate boot disk. The –lq should be placed in the AUTO file to ensure that the system will attempt to boot without quorum. In the event that the primary boot disk fails, this will allow the alternate boot disk to boot if it is not available.

# mkboot -a "hpux -lq" /dev/rdsk/>

5. Mirror the disks by extending all of the logical volumes, in order, onto the alternate boot disk.

1 Logical Interchange Format, see manual page lif(4) for more information.

The boot, root and primary swap/dump filesystems must be contiguous.

If you need to mirror to more than one disk, you may need to add a second

disk or change the name of the disk being used when extending the logical

volumes.

The boot, root and primary swap/dump filesystems should be mirrored

before any other filesystem is mirrored.

# lvextend -m 1 /dev/vg00/lvol1 /dev/dsk/

# lvextend -m 1 /dev/vg00/lvol2 /dev/dsk/

# lvextend -m 1 /dev/vg00/lvol3 /dev/dsk/

# lvextend -m 1 /dev/vg00/lvol4 /dev/dsk/

# lvextend -m 1 /dev/vg00/lvol5 /dev/dsk/

.

.

.

6.Reestablish the location of boot, root and primary swap/dump filesystems within LVM using (or modifying as needed) the following commands:

# lvlnboot -b /dev/vg00/lvol1

# lvlnboot -r /dev/vg00/lvol3

# lvlnboot -s /dev/vg00/lvol2

# lvlnboot -d /dev/vg00/lvol2

# lvlnboot -R

7.You must add the boot disk to the file, /stand/bootconf. A new line must be inserted in this file when using LVM and it should start with an “l” (lower case letter l), and then followed by the block disk device of the alternate boot disk. This is to ensure that when software is installed the contents of the boot LIF both disks are updated.

# cat /stand/bootconf

l /dev/dsk/

After creating an alternate boot disk using LVM, HP recommends that you test that it can boot and operates as expected.

How to mirror the root disk on an HP Integrity Server

1.Determine the how the current boot disk is currently partitioned. You must make the EFI and HPSP2 partitions the same size as on the current boot disk. You can determine the size of the different partitions using the following commands:

# diskinfo -b /dev/rdsk/s1 | awk '{print $1 / (1024)}'

# diskinfo -b /dev/rdsk/s2 | awk '{print $1 / (1024)}'

2 This is the HP Service Partition, you should always let this partition be created when installing an HP Integrity server as it holds the offline diagnostics for HP Integrity systems.

# diskinfo -b /dev/rdsk/s3 | awk '{print $1 / (1024)}'

2.The three commands in the previous step show the size in Megabytes of the EFI partition (section 1), the HP-UX partition (section 2), and the HPSP partition (section 3). Place those values into the following command:

# print '3\nEFI 500MB\nHPUX *****MB\nHPSP 400MB' > /tmp/partitionfile Or you can choose to create the /tmp/partitionfile file using vi when performing this interactively.

Note:

If you do not have a HPSP partition, the initial 3 in the command should be

2 and the command would instead look like:

# print '2\nEFI 500MB\nHPUX *****MB\n' > \

/tmp/partitionfile

If the boot disk and the alternate boot disk are different sizes and you do not wish to calculate the size of the HP-UX partition, you could execute the print command as follows:

# print '3\nEFI 500MB\nHPUX 100%\nHPSP 400MB' > /tmp/partitionfile This creates the EFI and HPSP partitions at a fixed size and allocates 100% of the remaining space to the HP-UX partition.

3.The alternate boot disk must be partitioned using the file /tmp/partitionfile created in the previous step. This action is performed using the idisk command and echo yes is used to answer all of the idisk queries. You may choose not to include this part of the command and answer the question manually when performing this task interactively. Remove the partition file created previously as follows:

# echo yes | idisk -wf /tmp/partitionfile /dev/rdsk/

# rm /tmp/partitionfile

4.After creating the partitions on the disk you will need to create the device files associated with the partitions:

# insf –e –H

5.Create the disk as a bootable LVM disk. The use of s2 at the end of the disk device is needed since LVM uses the HP-UX partition so you must use this section of the disk as well. If you were to use just the disk device, it would overwrite the partition information that has been created on the disk. If this disk has been previously used by LVM in this way you may need to add the -f option to force the initialization of this disk.

# pvcreate -B /dev/rdsk/s2

6.Now, run mkboot to complete the setup of the disk as a boot disk.

# mkboot -e -l /dev/dsk/

The -e option sets the use of an EFI layout and the -l option sets this volume to be used by a volume manager (even if it is not currently used by one).

Note:

If no partition number is given to mkboot, the command examines the

whole disk.

7.Initialize the HPSP partition with an EFI filesystem. This does not place any data into the partition; it simply initializes HPSP partition with an EFI filesystem. Proceed to the next step if you are not creating a HPSP partition or execute the following command.

# efi_fsinit -d /dev/rdsk/s3

8.Extend the HP-UX partition into the root volume group. The HP-UX partition (section 2) is extended into the volume group not the whole disk.

# vgextend /dev/vg00 /dev/dsk/s2

9.Extend the mirrors to the alternate boot disk. There may be varying numbers of logical volumes to extend and the names may be different to those indicated in the following commands so you should modify these commands as needed.

Note:

The root, primary swap/dump, and the boot filesystems should be

mirrored before any other filesystem is mirrored.

# lvextend -m 1 /dev/vg00/lvol1 /dev/dsk/s2

# lvextend -m 1 /dev/vg00/lvol2 /dev/dsk/s2

# lvextend -m 1 /dev/vg00/lvol3 /dev/dsk/s2

# lvextend -m 1 /dev/vg00/lvol4 /dev/dsk/s2

# lvextend -m 1 /dev/vg00/lvol5 /dev/dsk/s2

.

.

.

10.R eestablish the location of the root, primary swap/dump, and the boot filesystems within LVM using the following commands modifying the logical volumes if necessary:

# lvlnboot -b /dev/vg00/lvol1

# lvlnboot -r /dev/vg00/lvol3

# lvlnboot -s /dev/vg00/lvol2

# lvlnboot -d /dev/vg00/lvol2

# lvlnboot -R

11.S etup the AUTO file in the EFI partition to ensure that if the primary boot disk fails that the system will be able to boot from the alternate boot disk without quorum:

# print 'boot vmunix -lq' > /tmp/AUTO

# efi_cp -d /dev/dsk/s1 /tmp/AUTO EFI/HPUX/AUTO

# rm /tmp/AUTO

12.S et the path to the alternate boot device to be the disk that has just been created, enter:

# setboot -a

13.I gnite-UX does not preserve the Offline Diagnostics in the HPSP partition on the boot disk that it creates. That means that you must reinstall the contents of the HPSP partition from the HP Itanium Processor Family Diagnostics and Utilities CD that is appropriate for your system. When you choose to install the diagnostics to a HPSP partition, it will only be installed to one partition. After installation you must manually determine the partition on which the diagnostics have been installed using the following command:

# efi_ls –d /dev/rdsk/s3 /

The diagnostics are present on one partition only. You can then copy the diagnostics to another HPSP partition using the following command:

# dd if=/dev/rdsk/s3 of=/dev/rdsk/s3 bs3=1024k When you update the offline diagnostics, you must remember to update the other HPSP partition so that the updated diagnostics are available from both partitions.

14.T o facilitate a recovery until make_tape_recovery and make_net_recovery are able to preserve the offline diagnostics on HP Integrity systems, you might choose to create a copy of the HPSP partition. This makes it easier to place the HPSP partition back on the same partition after a recovery. To create a copy of the diagnostics you might choose to use the following example: # mkdir /var/HPSP

# dd if=/dev/dsk/s3 bs=1024k | gzip > \

> /var/HPSP/.save.gz

# dd if=/dev/dsk/s3 bs=1024k | gzip > \

> /var/HPSP/.save.gz

Run make_tape_recovery or make_net_recovery ensuring that /var/HPSP (or where ever you have placed the copies of the HPSP partitions) is included into the recovery archives. After recovery you can then restore the diagnostics as in the following example:

# gzcat < /var/HPSP/.save.gz | \

> dd of=/dev/dsk/s3 bs=1024k

# gzcat < /var/HPSP/.save.gz | \

> dd of=/dev/dsk/s3 bs=1024k

Note:

If you include configuration into Ignite-UX configuration files to perform

these actions automatically after a recovery, you should ensure that this

recovery archive will not be used to clone a system on which these offline

diagnostics will not work.

After creating an alternate boot disk using LVM, HP recommends that you test that it can boot and operates as expected.

3 The size of the HPSP partition should be a multiple of the block size (bs) used with this command.

How to Recover Mirrored Disk Systems with Ignite-UX using

make_tape_recovery

The make_tape_recovery command creates a recovery tape for a system with mirrored disks but it will not preserve the mirror configurations. After booting from the system recovery tape, disk mirrors are lost and must be reconfigured using LVM commands.

There are two methods to do this. First, you can wait until the system is recovered and then execute the necessary LVM commands manually or use SAM (note SAM cannot remirror a boot disk – see the instructions given previously for how to manually reestablish mirroring on a boot device on HP 9000 and HP Integrity systems).

Second, it is possible to make some manual changes to an Ignite-UX configuration file referenced by make_tape_recovery such that the LVM commands are executed as part of the recovery process itself.

Important:

If you choose to pursue the second option a recovery tape created in this

way should NOT be used to clone systems unless they contain very similar

hardware.

To integrate the configuration of disk mirrors into the recovery process we will be using a feature of the make_tape_recovery command. The make_tape_recovery command automatically includes the /var/opt/ignite/recovery/config.local file, if it exists, into any

make_tape_recovery configuration.

Caution:

If you perform a preview when using these instructions (using the –p

option) there is a defect in make_tape_recovery that prevents the

config.local file from being included into the configuration when

you resume the make_tape_recovery command (using the –r

option). If you plan on performing a preview and resume operation you

should upgrade to Ignite-UX version C.6.2 or later where this defect has

been addressed.

After creating or modifying /var/opt/ignite/recovery/config.local, it's a good practice to run "instl_adm -T -f /var/opt/ignite/recovery/config.local", to ensure that the syntax is correct. If the syntax is incorrect this will prevent the creation of the recovery tape.

In the section “An Example config.local File

” is an example config.local files for both HP Integrity systems and HP 9000 systems.

How to Recover Mirrored Disk Systems with Ignite-UX via

make_net_recovery

The make_net_recovery command will create a network recovery archive for a system with mirrored disks, but it will not preserve the mirror configurations.

After recovering from the network recovery archive, disk mirrors are lost and must be reconfigured using LVM commands. There are two methods to reconfigure your mirrored disks:

?You can wait until the system is recovered, and then execute the necessary LVM commands manually or use SAM. If you choose to use SAM, be aware that it cannot remirror a boot disk. You must manually reestablish mirroring on a boot device as described in “How to mirror the root disk

on a HP 9000 system” on page 3 or “How to mirror the root disk on an HP Integrity Server” on page 4.

?You can manually create an Ignite-UX configuration file such that the LVM commands are executed as part of the recovery process itself.

In either case, the LVM commands are the same.

The following sections will show example configurations that can be used on HP 9000 and HP Integrity systems. To use these examples you must create a new Ignite-UX configuration file named: /var/opt/ignite/clients/0x{LLA}/recovery/config.local

This config.local file is automatically included into your recovery configuration for this client each time you run the make_net_recovery command.

Note:

The make_net_recovery command is automatically executed when you

use the Ignite-UX GUI for network recovery.

If you already have recovery configurations for this client and would like them to use the

config.local file, edit the /var/opt/ignite/clients/0x{LLA}/CINDEX file to include a reference to “recovery/config.local” in all of the configuration clauses.

The commands required to configure mirrored disks can be included as a post_config_cmd script, which executes automatically after the system has been restored.

After creating or modifying the config.local file, it is recommended that you run instl_adm -T -f config.local, to ensure that the syntax is correct and that the file is error free.

The config.local file used for make_net_recovery is identical to is used for

make_tape_recovery. The only difference is the location of the config.local file for each command.

An Example config.local File

The following example config.local configuration file is applicable for both HP 9000 and HP Integrity servers, and can be used with either make_tape_recovery or make_net_recovery. On HP Integrity servers, it is assumed that the name of the root volume group is vg00.

On all systems, it is assumed that the root volume group contains only two physical volumes.

You should be aware that Ignite-UX will automatically include the alternate boot disk into the root volume group with no partitioning. This means that it is likely that the number of physical extents in the root volume group after a recovery will be different than its original state prior to the recovery. This is the expected behavior of recovery on HP Integrity systems.

Important:

In spite of efforts to minimize split lines in the following example

config.local file, it is possible that some may exist. If you choose to use

this exact text, HP recommends that you review your file for completeness

and ensure that no lines have been split inappropriately.

The config.local example follows:

#Remirror this systems boot disk

enum _MY_REMIRROR

_MY_REMIRROR help_text "Attempt to remirror disks?"

_MY_REMIRROR = { "TRUE", "FALSE" }

init _MY_REMIRROR = "TRUE"

(( _HP_CLONING == "FALSE" ) & ( _MY_REMIRROR == "TRUE" )) {

post_config_cmd +="

# Uncomment the next line to enable debug.

# set -x

# If a command gets an error exit out of the script.

trap \"exit\" ERR

# What Kind of processor is this PA-RISC or Itanium?

cpu=$(/usr/bin/getconf CPU_VERSION)

if [ $cpu = 532 ]

then

CPU=PA

else

CPU=IA

fi

# Recreate a mirror of the boot disk. This assumes that the root

# volume group was mirrored when this configuration was added

# if this is an initial mirroring the disk does not have to be

# reduced from the volume group.

# CHECK how many Disks in root vg

NO_OF_00_DSKS=$(vgdisplay -v vg00 |grep \"PV Name\" |wc -l)

if [ $NO_OF_00_DSKS != 2 ]

then

echo \" This script is designed to work with ignite.\"

echo \" It remirrors a PV in vg00 to a second PV.\"

echo \" It presumes the disks were previously mirrored.\"

echo \" In so doing only works with vg00s that have 2 disks.\"

echo \" This script will not run because this vg00 has

$NO_OF_00_DSKS disks.\"

exit

fi

echo \"\n\n This vg00 has $NO_OF_00_DSKS disks. Continuing on.\n\n\"

# I want 1 disk with 0 lvols and another disk with more than 2.

ROOT_DSKS=$(vgdisplay -v vg00 |grep \"PV Name\" | awk ' { print $3 } ')

echo $ROOT_DSKS|read DISK1 DISK2

NUM_OF_LVOLS1=$(/usr/sbin/pvdisplay $DISK1 |/usr/bin/grep LV|awk ' { print $3 } ' )

NUM_OF_LVOLS2=$(/usr/sbin/pvdisplay $DISK2 |/usr/bin/grep LV|awk ' { print $3 } ' )

# Lets Check Which Disk has lvols on it and use that as the primary.

if [ $NUM_OF_LVOLS2 -gt 2 -a $NUM_OF_LVOLS1 = 0 ]

then

echo $ROOT_DSKS|read DISK2 DISK1

/usr/sbin/pvdisplay $DISK1 |/usr/bin/grep LV\

|/usr/bin/read CUR LV NUM_OF_LVOLS1

/usr/sbin/pvdisplay $DISK2 |/usr/bin/grep LV\

|/usr/bin/read CUR LV NUM_OF_LVOLS2

fi

echo \" Since $DISK1 has $NUM_OF_LVOLS1 lvols\"

echo \" and $DISK2 has $NUM_OF_LVOLS2 lvols,\"

echo \" Mirror-UX will be used to make a mirror \"

echo \" of $DISK1 on $DISK2.\"

# Make sure the disk is removed from the group by using vgreduce.

echo \" \n\nReducing $DISK2 from vg00.\"

vgreduce /dev/vg00 $DISK2

# Once reduced we need to section the disk with the idisk command

# the sizes of the EFI and HPSP sections need to match the mirror.

# This assumes that there is a HP Service Partition (HPSP). If the

# size of any partition is different the sizes below need to be

# changed.

PARTS1=${DISK1#/dev/dsk/}

PARTS2=${DISK2#/dev/dsk/}

PART1=$(echo $PARTS1|cut -c 0-6)

PART2=$(echo $PARTS2|cut -c 0-6)

# So we know that PART1 & 2 have no Disk sectioning in the

# device file name. We'll presume PARISC and set PARTS2

# with no disk section device file for NON IA lvm commands.

PARTS2=${PART2}

if [ $CPU = IA ]

then

# If we get here we know we're IA so ... we'll set PARTS2

# disk section device file for IA lvm commands.

PARTS2=${PART2}s2

# Let figure out the partition sizes on DISK and use those

# on DISK2.

LBA=$(idisk -p /dev/rdsk/$PART1|grep -e Starting -e Ending |\

awk ' { print $4 } ' )

echo $LBA |read EFIS EFIE HPUXS HPUXE HPSPS HPSPE

efisize=\"ibase=16;$(echo ${EFIE#0[xX]}\

|tr \\"\"[abcdef]\"\\" \\"\"[ABCDEF]\"\\")-\

$(echo ${EFIS#0[xX]}|tr \\"\"[abcdef]\"\\" \\"\"[ABCDEF]\"\\")+1\" EFIsize=$(echo $efisize |bc)

EFISIZE=$(echo $EFIsize\/2\/1024|bc)

hpspsize=\"ibase=16;$(echo ${HPSPE#0[xX]}\

|tr \\"\"[abcdef]\"\\" \\"\"[ABCDEF]\"\\")-\

$(echo ${HPSPS#0[xX]}|tr \\"\"[abcdef]\"\\" \\"\"[ABCDEF]\"\\")+1\" HPSPsize=$(echo $hpspsize |bc)

HPSPSIZE=$(echo $HPSPsize\/2\/1024|bc)

echo \"\n\n It has been determined that partition 1 ond 3 \"

echo \" on $PART1 are $EFISIZE MB and $HPSPSIZE MB\"

echo \" in size. These sizes will be used to partition $PART2.\"

echo \" The remainder of the disk will be assigned to partition 2.\" print \"3\nEFI ${EFISIZE}MB\nHPUX 100%\nHPSP ${HPSPSIZE}MB\" >\

/tmp/partitionfile

echo \"\n\n Partition file has been create .... Displaying \n\n\"

cat /tmp/partitionfile

echo \"\n\n Partitioning /dev/rdsk/$PART2 \"

idisk -qwf /tmp/partitionfile /dev/rdsk/$PART2

rm /tmp/partitionfile

# After partitioning the disk it needs to have its new device

# files created for it, we cant just use insf because Ignite-UX

# has renamed the device as it probably had another name. We

# need to get the major/minor numbers from the device file

# and manually create the section devices.

echo \"\n\n Determining Major and minor Numbers\"

echo $(/usr/bin/ll /dev/dsk/${PART2} |tail -1 | \

awk ' { print $5\" \"$6 } ' ) | read BMAJNUM MINNUM

CMAJNUM=$(/usr/bin/ll /dev/rdsk/${PART2} |tail -1 \

| awk ' { print $5 } ' )

CUTMINNUM=$(print $MINNUM | cut -c 1-7 )

echo \"\n\n Removing OLD devices files.\"

ls /dev/*dsk/${PART2}s?|xargs -i -t rmsf {} 2>&1 >/dev/null

echo \"\n\n Creating new device files.\"

mknod /dev/rdsk/${PART2}s1 c $CMAJNUM ${CUTMINNUM}1

mknod /dev/rdsk/${PART2}s2 c $CMAJNUM ${CUTMINNUM}2

mknod /dev/rdsk/${PART2}s3 c $CMAJNUM ${CUTMINNUM}3

mknod /dev/dsk/${PART2}s1 b $BMAJNUM ${CUTMINNUM}1

mknod /dev/dsk/${PART2}s2 b $BMAJNUM ${CUTMINNUM}2

mknod /dev/dsk/${PART2}s3 b $BMAJNUM ${CUTMINNUM}3

# The service partition on the disk just partitioned will not contain # anything you may choose to copy it from the other disk. Note the

# use of the section number.

echo \"\n\n Copying service partition from ${PART1}s3 to

${PART2}s3\"

dd if=/dev/rdsk/${PART1}s3 of=/dev/rdsk/${PART2}s3 bs=1024k

fi

# Make the disk contain a boot area.

echo \"\n\n pvcreating ${PARTS2}\"

pvcreate -f -B /dev/rdsk/${PARTS2}

# Add the mirrored disk back to the group.

echo \"\n\n Adding (vgextend) mirrored disk ${PARTS2}\"

echo \" back into vg00.\"

vgextend /dev/vg00 /dev/dsk/${PARTS2}

# Copy the boot area to the disk. Note that mkboot is done to

# the whole disk for bot IA and PA but the command is not

# the same so .......

if [ $CPU = IA ]

then

echo \"\n\n Copy the boot area on ${PART2} with mkboot.\"

mkboot -e -l /dev/rdsk/${PART2}

# Turn off the quorum requirement

echo \"\n\n adding hpux -lq to auto_file_string\"

echo \"boot vmunix -lq\" > /tmp/AUTO.lq

efi_cp -d /dev/rdsk/${PART2}s1 /tmp/AUTO.lq /EFI/HPUX/AUTO

echo \"\n\n repeating for the primary boot disk.\"

efi_cp -d /dev/rdsk/${PART1}s1 /tmp/AUTO.lq /EFI/HPUX/AUTO

else

# Lets do the PA Dance

mkboot /dev/rdsk/${PARTS2}

mkboot -a \"hpux -lq\" /dev/rdsk/${PART1}

mkboot -a \"hpux -lq\" /dev/rdsk/${PARTS2}

fi

# Allocate the mirrors. Mirrors must be allocated for all

# logical volumes that were previously mirrored. This

# example illustrates primary swap and root. You should

# add others as needed. If /stand is in a separate volume, you

# should do an lvextend for it first.

vgdisplay -v vg00|grep -e \"LV Name\" | awk ' { print $3 } ' \

| xargs -i -t lvextend -m 1 {} /dev/dsk/${PARTS2}

# Update the BDRA and the LABEL file.

lvlnboot -R

"

}

Important:

While HP has tested the above config.local file on some systems

and configurations, it has not been tested in every possible situation and

configuration. HP recommends that hat you test it and ensure that it works

correctly in your environment before relying on it in a production situation.

Glossary

EFI Extensible Firmware Interface is the firmware interface for HP Integrity systems. It is the name of the first partition on a HP-UX boot disk.

HPSP HP Service Partition, which contains the Offline Diagnostics on HP Integrity

systems.

LIF Logical Interchange Format.

For More Information

The following relevant documents are available online at the HP Technical Documentation Web site at https://www.wendangku.net/doc/ef16312752.html,/:

Ignite-UX Administration Guide

Successful System Cloning Using Ignite-UX

Managing HP-UX Software With SD-UX

Software Distributor Administration Guide for HP-UX 11i

HP-UX 11.0 Installation and Update Guide

Release Notes for HP-UX 11.0

HP-UX 11i v[1|1.6|2] Installation and Update Guide

HP-UX 11i v[1|1.6|2] Release Notes

Managing Systems and Workgroups: A Guide for HP-UX System Administrators

Additionally, there are a number of white papers pertinent to Ignite-UX that are located at the HP Technical Documentation Web site.

The following Web sites contain useful information that relevant to the ideas presented in this white paper:

HP Partitioning Continuum for HP-UX11i

Product information regarding Ignite-UX for HP-UX is available at the HP Software Depot at

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/ef16312752.html,/en/IUX/

? Copyright 2006 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Confidential computer software. Valid license from HP required for possession, use or copying. Consistent with FAR 12.211 and 12.212, Commercial Computer Software, Computer Software Documentation, and Technical Data for Commercial Items are licensed to the U.S. Government under vendor's standard commercial license.

The information contained herein is subject to change without notice. The only warranties for HP products and services are set forth in the express warranty statements accompanying such products and services. Nothing herein should be construed as constituting an additional warranty. HP shall not be liable for technical or editorial errors or omissions contained herein.

Intel Itanium? Logo, Intel, Intel Inside and Itanium are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation in the US and other countries and are used under license.

Intel? Itanium? Processor Family is a trademark of Intel Corporation in the US and other countries and is used under license

MPN 5991-5845, 6/2006

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外阴白色病变考试试题 一、A1型题(本大题11小题.每题1.0分,共11.0分。每一道考试题下面有A、 B、C、D、E五个备选答案。请从中选择一个最佳答案,并在答题卡上将相应题号的相应字母所属的方框涂黑。) 第1题 外阴硬化性苔癣的早期病理改变是 A 表层细胞过度角化 B 表层细胞增生 C 真皮乳头层水肿 D 毛囊角质栓塞 E 底层细胞增生 【正确答案】:C 【本题分数】:1.0分 第2题 女,50岁。因外阴瘙痒而就医,组织病理为增生型,营养不良,下列治疗中哪项是正确的 A 因有恶变趋向,应及早手术治疗 B 全身治疗 C 补充多量维生素 D 活检有非典型增生时手术治疗 E 全身+局部治疗 【正确答案】:D 【本题分数】:1.0分 第3题 关于外阴瘙痒下列哪项是正确的 A 外阴瘙痒是外阴癌的早期表现 B 外阴瘙痒最常见的原因是蛲虫病

C 外阴瘙痒严重时用肥皂液清洗会有所好转 D 外阴瘙痒经治疗无效应作单纯性外阴切除术 E 外阴瘙痒不是一种疾病而是多种疾病可引起的一种症状 【正确答案】:E 【本题分数】:1.0分 第4题 女,37岁。外阴奇痒,分泌物不多。妇检:两侧小阴唇增厚,外阴粘膜不红,阴道畅,皱襞正常,无异常分泌物,宫颈柱状,光滑,I°肥大,子宫前位,常大,双附件(-),为确诊应选用 A 外阴活检 B 阴道分泌物涂片 C 宫颈涂片(CG D 阴道镜 E 盆腔B超 【正确答案】:A 【本题分数】:1.0分 第5题 属于癌前病变的外阴白色病变是 A 增生型营养不良 B 硬化苔癣型营养不良 C 混合型营养不良 D 营养不良伴有上皮不典型增生 E 白癜风 【正确答案】:D 【本题分数】:1.0分 第6题

外阴疾病

外阴疾病 外阴:阴道口外边的外露部分肛门、阴道口及尿道邻近,经常受阴道分泌物及尿液的浸渍,容易发炎。 常见病症:外因瘙痒、外阴炎、外阴白色病变、外因溃疡、外阴癌 外阴疾病 外阴:阴道口外边的外露部分肛门、阴道口及尿道邻近,经常受阴道分泌物及尿液的浸渍,容易发炎。 常见病症:外因瘙痒、外阴炎、外阴白色病变、外因溃疡、外阴癌 外因瘙痒 外阴瘙痒是妇科疾病中很常见的一种症状,外阴是特别敏感的部位,妇科多种病变及外来刺激均可引起瘙痒,使人寝食难安、坐卧不宁。外阴瘙痒多发生于阴蒂、小阴唇,也可波及大阴唇、会阴和肛周 病因:1.慢性局部刺激,外阴、阴道、宫颈炎症的异常分泌物的刺激; 2.外阴不清洁及紧身化纤内裤、卫生巾等致通透不良; 3.外阴寄生虫病,如阴虱、蛲虫、疥疮等; 4.各种外阴皮肤病和外阴肿瘤等; 5.全身性疾病的外阴局部症状,如糖尿病、尿毒症、维生素缺乏等。 症状:外因皮肤瘙痒、烧灼感和疼痛瘙痒部位多生与阴帝、小阴唇、也可波及大阴、会阴、甚至肛周围 危害:(1)性外阴部瘙痒严重时,不但使人坐卧不宁,影响工作、学习、生活和睡眠。 (2)由于女性外阴瘙痒,会影响夫妻生活,所以极有导致夫妻感情不和,严重的 甚至造成感情破裂,婚姻走向终点。 (3)诱发生殖器感染,盆腔炎、肾周炎、性交痛等,日久不愈还可导致多种疾病 同时发生,疾病的危害严重的会危害女性健康,甚至还会造成女性不孕等严重后果。 (4)女性外阴瘙痒严重时,不易根治,易反复,引发早产、胎儿感染畸形等,造 成终身遗憾。 治疗1.外阴涂药

使用有止痒作用的洗剂、膏霜等,如炉甘石洗剂、苯海拉明软膏、皮质醇类软膏等。 2.局部封闭或穴位注药 如皮质醇激素、维生素B12、非那根等。 3.针对病因治疗。 4.预防1. 注意经期卫生,勤清洗。 2.不要冲洗阴道,因为阴道有自清的功能,如果刻意冲洗反而不利 3.忌乱用、烂用药物,忌抓搔及局部摩擦。 4.忌酒及辛辣食物,不吃海鲜等及易引起过敏的药物 6 .久治不愈者应作血糖检查。少吃糖类可避免常常感染霉菌,如少吃淀粉类、糖类以及刺激性的食物(例如酒、辛辣物、油炸类),多吃蔬菜水果类,水份要充足。 5、不穿紧身兜裆裤,内裤更须宽松、透气,并以棉制品为宜。 6.就医检查是否有霉菌或滴虫,如有应及时治疗,而不要自己应用“止痒水”治疗。 8.保持外阴清洁干燥,尤其在经期、孕期、产褥期,每天用女性护理液清洗外阴更换内裤。 9.不穿化纤内裤、紧身裤,着棉织内衣裤。局部坐浴时注意溶液浓度、温度及时间、注意事项。 10.外阴瘙痒者应勤剪指甲、勤洗手,不要搔抓皮肤,以防破溃感染从而继发细菌性感染。 11.上完厕所请记得由前往后擦,因为肛门可能会带来不少细菌,所以如厕后请不要由肛门擦到阴部,才能减少感染的机会。 12.内裤要和其他的衣物分开洗,最好暴晒,可以减少细菌的滋生。如果患有霉菌性阴道炎的话,最好内裤都有热水煮 外阴溃疡外阴溃疡是发生于外阴部的皮肤黏膜发炎、溃烂、缺损。病灶多发生于小阴唇和大阴唇内侧,其次为前庭黏膜及阴道口周围。病程有急性及慢性。 大小阴唇、阴道口周围、阴蒂等处(外阴疾病发展中出现的一个过程,不是一个独立的疾病,有急性和慢性)急性外阴溃疡:非特异性外阴炎病情较轻,多在搔抓之后出现一般比较表浅,但疼痛比较厉害 慢性外阴溃疡:持续时间较长,或者反复发作 癌症引起的溃疡,与结核性溃疡很难鉴别,需做确诊

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脐带血造血干细胞库管理办法(试行) 第一章总则 第一条为合理利用我国脐带血造血干细胞资源,促进脐带血造血干细胞移植高新技术的发展,确保脐带血 造血干细胞应用的安全性和有效性,特制定本管理办法。 第二条脐带血造血干细胞库是指以人体造血干细胞移植为目的,具有采集、处理、保存和提供造血干细胞 的能力,并具有相当研究实力的特殊血站。 任何单位和个人不得以营利为目的进行脐带血采供活动。 第三条本办法所指脐带血为与孕妇和新生儿血容量和血循环无关的,由新生儿脐带扎断后的远端所采集的 胎盘血。 第四条对脐带血造血干细胞库实行全国统一规划,统一布局,统一标准,统一规范和统一管理制度。 第二章设置审批 第五条国务院卫生行政部门根据我国人口分布、卫生资源、临床造血干细胞移植需要等实际情况,制订我 国脐带血造血干细胞库设置的总体布局和发展规划。 第六条脐带血造血干细胞库的设置必须经国务院卫生行政部门批准。 第七条国务院卫生行政部门成立由有关方面专家组成的脐带血造血干细胞库专家委员会(以下简称专家委

员会),负责对脐带血造血干细胞库设置的申请、验收和考评提出论证意见。专家委员会负责制订脐带血 造血干细胞库建设、操作、运行等技术标准。 第八条脐带血造血干细胞库设置的申请者除符合国家规划和布局要求,具备设置一般血站基本条件之外, 还需具备下列条件: (一)具有基本的血液学研究基础和造血干细胞研究能力; (二)具有符合储存不低于1 万份脐带血的高清洁度的空间和冷冻设备的设计规划; (三)具有血细胞生物学、HLA 配型、相关病原体检测、遗传学和冷冻生物学、专供脐带血处理等符合GMP、 GLP 标准的实验室、资料保存室; (四)具有流式细胞仪、程控冷冻仪、PCR 仪和细胞冷冻及相关检测及计算机网络管理等仪器设备; (五)具有独立开展实验血液学、免疫学、造血细胞培养、检测、HLA 配型、病原体检测、冷冻生物学、 管理、质量控制和监测、仪器操作、资料保管和共享等方面的技术、管理和服务人员; (六)具有安全可靠的脐带血来源保证; (七)具备多渠道筹集建设资金运转经费的能力。 第九条设置脐带血造血干细胞库应向所在地省级卫生行政部门提交设置可行性研究报告,内容包括:

古代汉语词类活用例句列举

古代汉语词类活用例句列举 古代汉语词类活用例句列举《郑伯克段于鄢》1、例:壮公生,惊姜氏。P97 惊:用作使动,使。。。惊。2、例:无生民心。P99 生:用作使动,使。。。产生。3、例:若阙地及泉,隧而相见。P101 隧:名词动用。《公孙无知之乱》4、豕立而啼,P109 立:名词作状语,像人一样丫立。〈安之战〉5、皆主?献子。P117 主:名词动用,以。。。为主。6、君无所辱命。P119 辱:动词使动,使。。。受辱。7、从左右,皆肘之。P123 肘:名词使动,表示用胳膊推撞。8、臣辱戎士。123 辱:动词使动。9、人不难以死免其君。P123 免:用作使动,使。。。免于。10、故中御而从齐候。P123 中:方位名词做状语。〈子产说范宣子轻敝〉11、三周华不注。P122 周:

名词动用。12、郑人病之。P129 病:名词用作意动。13、象有齿而焚其身。P130 焚:动词用作使动。14、宣子说,乃轻弊。P130 轻:形容词用作使动,使。。。轻。〈苏秦连横约纵〉15、今先生俨然不运千里而庭教之。P182 远:形容词用作意动。16、明言章理,兵甲愈起。P183 明、章:用作使动。 1 17、辨言伟服。攻战不息。P183 辩、伟:都用作使动,使。。。雄辩,使。。。华美。18、繁称文辞,天下不冶。P183 文:名词用作使动。19、夫徒处而致利,安坐而广地。P183 广:形容词用作使动,使。。。广。20、言语相结,天下为一。P183 言语:名词作状语。21、今欲并天下,凌万乘,诎敌国。制海内,子元元。臣诸候。非兵不可。P183 诎:用作使动,使。。。屈服;子:名词用作使动,使。。。成为子女;臣:名词用作使动,使。。。成为臣子。22、约纵散横,以抑强秦。

古代汉语练习题 词类活用

古代汉语练习(词类活用) 班级:姓名:学号: 一、简答: 1、什么是古代汉语的词类活用?古代汉语中的词类活用有哪几种? 2、怎样区别使动用法和意动用法?试举例说明。并说明如何翻译。 3、试说明名词做状语主要有哪几种情况。 4、名词、形容词用作动词的情况主要有哪些?应该如何辨认? 二、多项选择题(在每小题的四个备选答案中,选出二个至四个正确的答案,并将其号码分别填在题干后的括号内,多选、少选、错选均无分。每小题1分,共5分) 1.下列各句中加着重号的词,属于词类活用的是() A.斩一首者爵一级B.能富贵将军者,上也 C.曹人凶俱,为其所得者棺而出之 D.夫鼠,昼伏夜动,不穴于寝庙,畏人故也 2.下列各句中加着重号的词属于名词作状语的是() A.裂裳衣疮,手往善药 B.其经承子厚口讲指画为文词者,悉有法度可观 C.范增数目项王D.诸侯宾至 3.下列各句含宾语前置现象的是() A.姜氏何厌之有B.楚君之惠,末之敢忘 C.除君之恶,唯力是视D.昭王南征而不复,寡人是问 4.对下列各句中加着重号的词组分析错误的是() A.子重使太宰伯州犁待于王后(动宾)B.将塞井夷灶而为行也(连动) C.臣之壮也犹不如人(主谓)D.以勇力之所加而治智能之官(偏正) 5.下列句子中有使动用法的是() A.秋九月,晋侯饮赵盾酒,伏甲将攻之 B.是时万石君奋为汉王中涓,受手谒,人见平

C.见灵辄饿,问其病,曰:“不食三日矣。”食之,舍其半 D.仓廪实而知礼节,衣食足而知荣辱 四、指出并具体说明下列文句中的词类活用现象: 1.秦数败赵军,赵军固壁不战。(秦与赵兵相距长平) 2.赵王不听,遂将之。(秦与赵兵相距长平) 3.身所奉饭饮而进食者以十数,所友者以百数。(秦与赵兵相距长平) 4.括军败,数十万之众遂降秦,秦悉阬之。(秦与赵兵相距长平) 5.信数与萧何语,何奇之。(韩信拜将) 6.王必欲长王汉中,无所事信。(韩信拜将) 7.吾亦欲东耳,安能郁郁久居此乎?(韩信拜将) 8.何闻信亡,不及以闻,自追之。(韩信拜将) 9.今大王举而东,三秦可传檄而定也。(韩信拜将) 10.遇有以梦得事白上者,梦得于是改刺连州。(柳子厚墓志铭) 11.自子厚之斥,遵从而家焉,逮其死不去。(柳子厚墓志铭) 12.以如司农治事堂,栖之梁木上。(段太尉逸事状) 13.踔厉风发,率常屈其座人。(柳子厚墓志铭) 14.晞一营大噪,尽甲。(段太尉逸事状) 15.即自取水洗去血,裂裳衣疮,手注善药。(段太尉逸事状) 16.黄罔之地多竹,大者如椽。竹工破之,刳去其节,用代陶瓦。(黄冈竹楼记)17.晋灵公不君。厚敛以彫墙。(晋灵公不君) 18.既而与为公介,倒戟以御公徒而免之。(晋灵公不君) 19.盛服将朝,尚早,坐而假寐。(晋灵公不君) 20.晋侯饮赵盾酒,伏甲将攻之。(晋灵公不君) 五、说明下列文句中的词类活用现象,并将全文译为现代汉语:

外阴白色病变的症状表现有哪些

外阴白色病变的症状表现有哪些 外阴白色病变是慢性外阴的营养不良。属于营养不良的一种。而这也有分为好几个类型,混合型、增生型和硬化苔藓型等等都是外阴白色病变的类型。 外阴奇痒为主要症状,搔痒时间从发病到治疗有2~3月之内,也有达20 年之久,搔痒剧烈程度不分季节与昼夜,如伴有滴虫性或霉菌性阴道炎,分泌物会更多,局部烧灼感,刺痛与搔痒所致的皮肤粘膜破损或感染有关,局部有不同程度的皮肤粘膜色素减退,常有水肿,皲裂及散在的表浅溃疡。 一、增生型营养不良 一般发生在30~60岁的妇女,主要症状为外阴奇痒难忍,抓伤后疼痛加剧,病变范围不一,主要波及大阴唇,阴唇间沟,阴蒂包皮和后联合处,多呈对称性,病变皮肤增厚似皮革,隆起有皱襞,或有鳞屑,湿疹样改变,表面颜色多暗红或粉红,夹杂有界限清晰的白色斑块,一般无萎缩或粘连。 二、硬化苔藓型营养不良 可见于任何年龄,多见于40岁左右妇女,主要症状为病变区发痒,但一般远较增生型病变为轻,晚期出现性交困难,病变累及外阴皮肤,粘膜和肛周围皮肤,除皮肤或粘膜变白,变薄,干燥易皲裂外,并失去弹性,阴蒂多萎缩,且与包皮粘连,小阴唇平坦消失,晚期皮肤菲薄皱缩似卷烟纸,阴道口挛缩狭窄,仅容指尖。 幼女患此病多在小便或大便后感外阴及肛周不适,外阴及肛周区出现锁孔状珠黄色花斑样或白色病损,一般至青春期时,病变多自行消失。 三、混合型营养不良 主要表现为菲薄的外阴发白区的邻近部位,或在其范围内伴有局灶性皮肤增厚或隆起。 四、增生型或混合型伴上皮非典型增生 一般认为在增生型及混合型病变中,仅5、10例可出现非典型增生,且此非典型增生仅限于增生的上皮细胞部分。非典型增生多无特殊临床表现,局部组织活体组织检查为唯一的诊断方法。但如外阴局部出现溃疡。或界限清楚的白色隆起时,在该处活检发现非典型增生,其癌变的可能性较大。

初中所学文言文中的五类常见词类活用现象

初中所学文言文中的五类常见词类活用现象

古代汉语中的词类活用现象 五种类型:名词用作动词 动词、形容词、名词的使动用法 形容词、名词的意动用法 名词用作状语 动词用作状语 (一)名词用如动词 古代汉语名词可以用如动词的现象相当普遍。如: 从左右,皆肘.之。(左传成公二年) 晋灵公不君.。(左传宣公二年) 孟尝君怪其疾也,衣冠 ..而见之。(战国策·齐策四) 马童面.值,指王翳曰:“此项王也。”(史记·项羽本纪) 夫子式.而听之。(礼记·檀弓下) 曹子手.剑而从之。(公羊传庄公十三年) 假舟楫者,非能水.也,而绝江河。(荀子·劝学) 左右欲刃.相如。(史记·廉颇蔺相如列传) 秦师遂东.。(左传僖公三十二年) 汉败楚,楚以故不能过荥阳而西.。(史记·项羽本纪) 以上所举的例子可以分为两类:前八个例子是普通名词用如动词,后两个例子是方位名词用如动词。 名词用作动词是由上下文决定的。我们鉴别某一个名词是不是用如动词,须要从整个意思来考虑,同时还要注意它在句中的地位,以及它前后有哪些词类的词和它相结合,跟他构成什么样的句法关系。一般情况有如下四种:

①代词前面的名词用如动词(肘之、面之),因为代词不受名词修饰; ②副词尤其是否定副词后面的名词用如动词(“遂东”、“不君”); ③能愿动词后面的名词也用如动词(“能水”、“欲刃”); ④句中所确定的宾语前面的名词用如动词(“脯鄂侯”“手剑”) (二)动词、形容词、名词的使动用法 一、动词的使动用法。 定义:主语所代表的人物并不施行这个动词所表示的动作,而是使宾语所代表的人或事物施行这个动作。例如:《左传隐公元年》:“庄公寤生,惊姜氏。”这不是说庄公本人吃惊,而是说庄公使姜氏吃惊。 在古代汉语里,不及物动词常常有使动用法。不及物动词本来不带宾语,当它带有宾语时,则一定作为使动用法在使用。如: 焉用亡.郑以陪邻?《左传僖公三十年》 晋人归.楚公子榖臣与连尹襄老之尸于楚,以求知罃。(左传成公三年) 大车无輗,小车无杌,其何以行.之哉?《论语·为政》 小子鸣.鼓而攻之可也。《论语·先进》 求也退,故进.之;由也兼人,故退.之。《论语·先进》 故远人不服,则修文德以来.之。《论语·季氏》 有时候不及物动词的后面虽然不带宾语,但是从上下文的意思看,仍是使动用法。例如《论语·季氏》:“远人不服而不能来也”这个“来”字是使远人来的意思。 古代汉语及物动词用如使动的情况比较少见。及物动词本来带有宾语,在形式上和使动用法没有什么区别,区别只在意义上。使动的宾语不是动作的接受者,而是主语所代表的人物使它具有这种动作。例如《孟子·梁惠王上》“朝秦楚”,不食齐宣王朝见秦楚之君,相反的,是齐宣王是秦楚之君朝见自己。 下面各句中的及物动词是使动用法: 问其病,曰:“不食三日矣。”食.之。《左传·宣公二年》

外阴白色病变的检查诊断方法是什么

外阴白色病变的检查诊断方法是什么 外阴奇痒是外阴白色病变的主要症状,搔痒时间从发病到治疗有2~3月之内,也有达20年之久,搔痒剧烈程度不分季节与昼夜。专家提示,一旦发现自己有类似于外阴白色病变的这种,应立即到医院进行确诊。早期的诊断及治疗对我们早日恢复健康并且尤为重要。 外阴白色病变的检查: 多点活检送病理检查,确定病变性质,排除早期癌变,活检应在有皲裂,溃疡,隆起,硬结或粗糙处进行,为做到取材适当,可先用1%甲苯胺蓝(toluidine blue)涂病变区,待白干后,再用1%醋酸液擦洗脱色,凡不脱色区表示该处有裸核存在,提示在该处活检,发现非典型增生或甚至癌变的可能性较大,如局部破损区太广,应先治疗数日,待皮损大部愈合后,再选择活检部位以提高诊断准确率。 外阴白色病变的诊断: 1、症状判断:外阴白斑一般根据症状就可以判断,比如,外阴局部粘 膜发白,瘙痒、粗糙、脱屑等现象的出现,都会诊断为外阴白斑,当然,外阴白斑有很多的类型,如果外阴白斑属于增生型,也就是说局部的皮肤粘膜增厚了,弹性变差了,而且也出现了相应的溃疡等不适症状。这是主要的外阴白斑的诊断方法。 2、细胞活检:有时外阴白斑的诊断需要进一步的做细胞活检,观察有 没有癌细胞,以便于确诊。活检病理检查确定病变性质,排除早期癌变。活检应在有皲裂溃疡、隆起、硬结或粗糙处进行为做到取材适当,外阴白斑的诊断方法可先用1%甲苯胺蓝涂病变区,待白干后再用1%醋酸液擦洗脱色。凡不脱色区表示该处有裸核存在,提示在该处活检发现非典型增生或甚至癌变的可能性较大。如局部破损区太广,应先治疗数日待皮损大部愈合后,再选择活检部位以提高诊断准确率。 3、病理诊断依据:除了解疾病的主要临床症状外,还应对疾病的发病 机理有一定的认识,因为导致外阴白斑皮肤瘙痒及色素的减退或脱色的疾病有很多种,不只是外阴白斑一种,它们的表现虽有些不同,但用肉眼不易区别开来,所以当遇到外阴有病损不典型或慢性皲裂、局限性增厚、溃破等症状的患者时,必须依靠活组织病理检查确诊。

卫生部办公厅关于印发《脐带血造血干细胞治疗技术管理规范(试行)

卫生部办公厅关于印发《脐带血造血干细胞治疗技术管理规 范(试行)》的通知 【法规类别】采供血机构和血液管理 【发文字号】卫办医政发[2009]189号 【失效依据】国家卫生计生委办公厅关于印发造血干细胞移植技术管理规范(2017年版)等15个“限制临床应用”医疗技术管理规范和质量控制指标的通知 【发布部门】卫生部(已撤销) 【发布日期】2009.11.13 【实施日期】2009.11.13 【时效性】失效 【效力级别】部门规范性文件 卫生部办公厅关于印发《脐带血造血干细胞治疗技术管理规范(试行)》的通知 (卫办医政发〔2009〕189号) 各省、自治区、直辖市卫生厅局,新疆生产建设兵团卫生局: 为贯彻落实《医疗技术临床应用管理办法》,做好脐带血造血干细胞治疗技术审核和临床应用管理,保障医疗质量和医疗安全,我部组织制定了《脐带血造血干细胞治疗技术管理规范(试行)》。现印发给你们,请遵照执行。 二〇〇九年十一月十三日

脐带血造血干细胞 治疗技术管理规范(试行) 为规范脐带血造血干细胞治疗技术的临床应用,保证医疗质量和医疗安全,制定本规范。本规范为技术审核机构对医疗机构申请临床应用脐带血造血干细胞治疗技术进行技术审核的依据,是医疗机构及其医师开展脐带血造血干细胞治疗技术的最低要求。 本治疗技术管理规范适用于脐带血造血干细胞移植技术。 一、医疗机构基本要求 (一)开展脐带血造血干细胞治疗技术的医疗机构应当与其功能、任务相适应,有合法脐带血造血干细胞来源。 (二)三级综合医院、血液病医院或儿童医院,具有卫生行政部门核准登记的血液内科或儿科专业诊疗科目。 1.三级综合医院血液内科开展成人脐带血造血干细胞治疗技术的,还应当具备以下条件: (1)近3年内独立开展脐带血造血干细胞和(或)同种异基因造血干细胞移植15例以上。 (2)有4张床位以上的百级层流病房,配备病人呼叫系统、心电监护仪、电动吸引器、供氧设施。 (3)开展儿童脐带血造血干细胞治疗技术的,还应至少有1名具有副主任医师以上专业技术职务任职资格的儿科医师。 2.三级综合医院儿科开展儿童脐带血造血干细胞治疗技术的,还应当具备以下条件:

词类活用例子

文言实词词类活用 活用为一般动词 (一)名词活用为一般动词 1.两个名词连用,既不是并列关系,又不是修饰关系,便是动宾或主谓,其中一个必然活用为动词。 a .有一老父,衣褐,至良所。 b.籍吏民,封府库。 c.我有嘉宾,鼓瑟吹笙。 d.冬雷震震夏雨雪。 2.名词后紧跟代词,该名词活用为动词。 a.驴不胜怒,蹄之。 b.以其乃华山之阳名之。 c.名余曰正则兮。 3.名词放在副词后,便活用为动词。 a.日将暮,取儿槁葬。 b.太子及宾客知其事者,皆白衣冠以送之。 c.从弟子女十人所,皆衣缯单衣,立大巫后。 4.名词放在“能”“可”“足”“欲”等呢过愿动词后,便活用为动词。 a.假舟楫者,非能水也。 b.云青青兮欲雨。 c.其力尚足以入,火尚足以明。 d.子谓公冶长:“可妻也。” 5.名词带介宾结构做补语,这个名词活用为动词。 a.晋军(于)函陵,秦军(于)氾南。 b.唐浮图慧褒始舍于其址。 6.名词用“而”同动词或动宾词组连接时,活用为动词。 a.三代不同礼而王,五霸不同法而霸。 7.名词在“所”“者”结构中便活用为动词。 a.置人所罾鱼腹中。

a.是以,令吏人完客所馆。 形容词活用为一般动词 1.形容词用在“所”字之后,便活用为动词。 故俗之所贵,主之所贱;吏之所卑,法之所尊也。 (认为宝贵、认为低贱、认为卑下、认为高贵) 2.形容词在能愿动词后,活用为动词。 问其深,则其好游者不能穷也。(走到尽头) 3.形容词在“之”“我”能代词前,活用为动词。 稍出近之。(靠近) 4.形容词后带介宾结构做补语,它活用为动词。 令尹子兰……率使上官大夫短屈原于顷襄王。 (诋毁) 数词活用做一般动词 六王毕,四海一。(统一) 名词做状语 一、普通名词作状语 1.表比喻 a.嫂蛇行匍匐。 b.狐鸣呼曰。 c .赢粮而景从。 d .天下云集响应。 e.常以身翼蔽沛公。 f.一狼径去,其一犬坐于前。 2.表对人的态度 a.君为我呼入,吾得兄事之。 b.人人皆得以隶使之。 3.表动作行为的处所 a.夫以秦王之威,相如廷叱之,辱其群臣廷:在朝廷上 b.童子隅坐而执烛. 隅:在墙角 4.表动作行为的工具、凭借、方式

妇科良方_第二章 外阴白色病变及外阴瘙痒症方

外阴白色病变方 外阴白色病变包括由于各种因素影响所致之外阴部皮肤及粘膜的不同程度变白及(或)粗糙、萎缩的状态。1975年国际外阴病研究会改称“外阴白斑”为“慢性外阴营养不良”,并根据其组织病理变化的不同而分为增生型营养不良(包括无非典型增生、非典型增生两类)、硬化苔藓型营养不良、混合型营养不良(亦包括无非典型增生、非典型增生两类)三种类型。 外阴瘙痒为本病主要症状,搔抓可造成局部破溃与感染而出现烧灼感、疼痛、流液。增生型皮肤增厚似皮革,粗糙,或有鳞屑、湿疹样改变,表面颜色多暗红或粉红,夹杂有界限清晰的白色斑块;硬化苔藓型皮肤或粘膜变白变薄,甚至裂开,阴道口萎缩者可致性交痛;混合型是在外阴萎缩的基础上又有增厚的斑块或疣状增生灶。各型均以病检为主要诊断依据。 西医治疗可内服维生素A、B2、B6、鱼甘油等;局部用药以止痒、消炎、润肤和改善局部营养为目的,用药应依据病理类型。如增生型可用肤轻松、氢化可的松等软膏涂擦;硬化苔藓型给予1~2%丙酸睾丸酮鱼甘油软膏;混合型则用丙酸睾素软膏与可的松软膏合用或先后使用。氦氖激光照射对外阴硬萎有一定疗效。 本病一般属中医“阴痒”、“阴蚀”等病证范畴。其发病机理,常因肝肾阴血不足,不能滋养阴器,血虚生风化燥,而致阴部奇痒难忍;或因脾气亏虚,一则气虚血少,不能滋养阴部,脾虚又可生湿,流注于下,形成气血不足而湿浊停滞的虚实夹杂局面;或因湿热内盛,热蕴阴部肌肤而致阴痒阴肿;久病入络,气血运行不畅而成瘀滞,与湿浊相互胶结,而见苔癣、奇痒、干裂诸候,且经久难愈。治疗当结合病因病机,或滋养肝肾,养血熄风止痒;或清热利湿,祛风止痒;或活血化瘀软坚;或健脾祛湿杀虫等。 本节选介消斑膏丸方、蛇桑坐浴方等治疗外阴白色病变验方共13首。 1.消斑膏丸方 【药物组成】①外用消斑膏:A、消斑膏1号:补骨脂、仙灵脾各9g,生狼毒、白藓皮各6g,蛇床子、徐长卿各15g,薄荷1g。用其酒精渗出液,回收浓缩后,制成霜剂;B、消斑膏2号:即1号去薄荷,加0.1%强的松粉拌匀而成(制法同上);C、消斑膏3号:即1号去狼毒、薄荷,加白花蛇舌草、一枝黄花各30g(制法同上);D、消斑膏4号:即1号去薄荷加丙酸睾丸酮做成0.2%的霜剂(制法同上)。 ②内服消斑丸:黄芪、丹参、当归、菟丝子、仙灵脾、白蒺藜各3g,白藓皮4g,木香 0.2g。共研细末,做成蜜丸或煎成汤剂(以上为1日量)。 【治疗方法】①外用消斑膏:1号适用于外阴无破溃或皲裂者;2号适用于对1号有过敏反应但无癌变可能者;3号适用于局部有感染、破溃或皲裂,或有霉菌,滴虫感染者;4号适用于外阴萎缩或有粘连者。 以上软膏均每日外涂阴部1~2次。 ②内服消斑丸:每日2次,每次10g。所有病例均服此丸。 膏剂外用和丸剂内服,均以3个月为1疗程。一般用药1~3个疗程。

卫生部关于印发《脐带血造血干细胞库设置管理规范(试行)》的通知

卫生部关于印发《脐带血造血干细胞库设置管理规范(试行)》的通知 发文机关:卫生部(已撤销) 发布日期: 2001.01.09 生效日期: 2001.02.01 时效性:现行有效 文号:卫医发(2001)10号 各省、自治区、直辖市卫生厅局: 为贯彻实施《脐带血造血干细胞库管理办法(试行)》,保证脐带血临床使用的安全、有效,我部制定了《脐带血造血干细胞库设计管理规范(试行)》。现印发给你们,请遵照执行。 附件:《脐带血造血干细胞库设置管理规范(试行)》 二○○一年一月九日 附件: 脐带血造血干细胞库设置管理规范(试行) 脐带血造血干细胞库的设置管理必须符合本规范的规定。 一、机构设置 (一)脐带血造血干细胞库(以下简称脐带血库)实行主任负责制。 (二)部门设置 脐带血库设置业务科室至少应涵盖以下功能:脐带血采运、处理、细胞培养、组织配型、微生物、深低温冻存及融化、脐带血档案资料及独立的质量管理部分。 二、人员要求

(一)脐带血库主任应具有医学高级职称。脐带血库可设副主任,应具有临床医学或生物学中、高级职称。 (二)各部门负责人员要求 1.负责脐带血采运的人员应具有医学中专以上学历,2年以上医护工作经验,经专业培训并考核合格者。 2.负责细胞培养、组织配型、微生物、深低温冻存及融化、质量保证的人员应具有医学或相关学科本科以上学历,4年以上专业工作经历,并具有丰富的相关专业技术经验和较高的业务指导水平。 3.负责档案资料的人员应具相关专业中专以上学历,具有计算机基础知识和一定的医学知识,熟悉脐带血库的生产全过程。 4.负责其它业务工作的人员应具有相关专业大学以上学历,熟悉相关业务,具有2年以上相关专业工作经验。 (三)各部门工作人员任职条件 1.脐带血采集人员为经过严格专业培训的护士或助产士职称以上卫生专业技术人员并经考核合格者。 2.脐带血处理技术人员为医学、生物学专业大专以上学历,经培训并考核合格者。 3.脐带血冻存技术人员为大专以上学历、经培训并考核合格者。 4.脐带血库实验室技术人员为相关专业大专以上学历,经培训并考核合格者。 三、建筑和设施 (一)脐带血库建筑选址应保证周围无污染源。 (二)脐带血库建筑设施应符合国家有关规定,总体结构与装修要符合抗震、消防、安全、合理、坚固的要求。 (三)脐带血库要布局合理,建筑面积应达到至少能够储存一万份脐带血的空间;并具有脐带血处理洁净室、深低温冻存室、组织配型室、细菌检测室、病毒检测室、造血干/祖细胞检测室、流式细胞仪室、档案资料室、收/发血室、消毒室等专业房。 (四)业务工作区域应与行政区域分开。

词类活用例子

词类活用例子 Company Document number:WUUT-WUUY-WBBGB-BWYTT-1982GT

文言实词词类活用 活用为一般动词 (一)名词活用为一般动词 1.两个名词连用,既不是并列关系,又不是修饰关系,便是动宾或主谓,其中一个必然活用为动词。 a .有一老父,衣褐,至良所。 b.籍吏民,封府库。 c.我有嘉宾,鼓瑟吹笙。 d.冬雷震震夏雨雪。 2.名词后紧跟代词,该名词活用为动词。 a.驴不胜怒,蹄之。 b.以其乃华山之阳名之。 c.名余曰正则兮。 3.名词放在副词后,便活用为动词。 a.日将暮,取儿槁葬。 b.太子及宾客知其事者,皆白衣冠以送之。 c.从弟子女十人所,皆衣缯单衣,立大巫后。 4.名词放在“能”“可”“足”“欲”等呢过愿动词后,便活用为动词。 a.假舟楫者,非能水也。 b.云青青兮欲雨。 c.其力尚足以入,火尚足以明。 d.子谓公冶长:“可妻也。”

5.名词带介宾结构做补语,这个名词活用为动词。 a.晋军(于)函陵,秦军(于)泛南。 b.唐浮图慧褒始舍于其址。 6.名词用“而”同动词或动宾词组连接时,活用为动词。 a.三代不同礼而王,五霸不同法而霸。 7.名词在“所”“者”结构中便活用为动词。 a.置人所罾鱼腹中。 a.是以,令吏人完客所馆。 形容词活用为一般动词 1.形容词用在“所”字之后,便活用为动词。 故俗之所贵,主之所贱;吏之所卑,法之所尊也。(认为宝贵、认为低贱、认为卑下、认为高贵)2.形容词在能愿动词后,活用为动词。 问其深,则其好游者不能穷也。(走到尽头) 3.形容词在“之”“我”能代词前,活用为动词。 稍出近之。(靠近) 4.形容词后带介宾结构做补语,它活用为动词。 令尹子兰……率使上官大夫短屈原于顷襄王。 (诋毁) 数词活用做一般动词 六王毕,四海一。(统一) 名词做状语

女性警惕五种常见外阴疾病

女性警惕五种常见外阴疾病 *导读:女性的阴部柔软,脆弱,不好好呵护就容易受伤。外阴损伤是常见的外阴疾病,常因遭到猛烈碰撞导致。此外,还有外阴损伤、尖锐湿疣、外阴肿瘤等外阴疾病女性也要警惕。…… *1、外阴损伤 外阴损伤是女性常见的症状之一。发病原因多数为骑跨式跌伤,如骑男式自行车时意外的急刹车,或上下车时阴部遭到猛烈碰撞,外阴部位受到暴力打击等等。 在这种情况下,外阴部有严重的挫伤,可有疼痛,能见到皮下淤血或血肿。 *2、*尖锐湿疣 尖锐湿疣是一种性传播疾病,一般与不洁性交有关。发病时,外阴瘙痒,分泌物增加。早期外阴部的皮肤、粘膜粗糙不平,随后可摸到小结节或肿块,样子为毛刺状,或者像大小不等的菜花状、鸡冠花状的灰白色肿物,多分布在小阴唇的内侧、大小阴唇之间的唇间沟、会阴和肛门。 *3、假性湿疣 假性湿疣不是性传播疾病。在阴唇内侧可以看到有小米粒大小的淡红色疹子,两侧对称,分布均匀。 *4、*外阴肿瘤 女性外阴的良性肿瘤,如乳头瘤、纤维瘤等,并不多见。它

们是生长在大阴唇外侧的单个肿瘤。 常见的恶性肿瘤是“外阴鳞状上皮癌”。在外阴部能摸到硬结或肿物,常伴有疼痛或瘙痒,有的病人在外阴部位,还会长有经久不愈的溃疡。 *5、*外阴白色病变 外阴白色病变,也称为“慢性外阴营养不良”。 有一种外阴白色病变,一般发生在30~60岁的妇女,主要症状是外阴奇痒难忍,抓破以后伴有局部疼痛。外阴皮肤增厚,颜色多为暗红色或粉红色中夹杂有界限清晰的白色斑块。 如果发现有外阴白斑,应当去详细检查治疗。过去,曾经认为它可以癌变,所以主张早期切除。现在,虽然医生们已经不主张早期切除,但是,还是要病人积极治疗。 有白色病变的人,更要保持外阴部位的清洁干燥,不要用肥皂或其他刺激性药物清洗外阴,也不要用手去搔抓,不要吃辛辣的食物,衣服要宽大,不要穿不透气的人造纤维内裤。

脐带血间充质干细胞的分离培养和鉴定

脐带血间充质干细胞的分离培养和鉴定 【摘要】目的分离培养脐带血间充质干细胞并检测其生物学特性。方法在无菌条件下用密度梯度离心的方法获得脐血单个核细胞,接种含10%胎牛血清的DMEM培养基中。单个核细胞行贴壁培养后,进行细胞形态学观察,绘制细胞生长曲线,分析细胞周期,检测细胞表面抗原。结果采用Percoll(1.073 g/mL)分离的脐血间充质干细胞大小较为均匀,梭形或星形的成纤维细胞样细胞。细胞生长曲线测定表明接后第5天细胞进入指数增生期,至第9天后数量减少;流式细胞检测表明50%~70%细胞为CD29和CD45阳性。结论体外分离培养脐血间充质干细胞生长稳定,可作为组织工程的种子细胞。 【关键词】脐血;间充质干细胞;细胞周期;免疫细胞化学 Abstract: Objective Isolation and cultivation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in human umbilical cord in vitro, and determine their biological properties. Methods The mononuclear cells were isolated by density gradient centrifugation from human umbilical cord blood in sterile condition, and cultured in DMEM medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum. After the adherent mononuclear cells were obtained, the shape of cells were observed by microscope, then the cell growth curve, the cell cycle and the cell surface antigens were obtained by immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry methods. Results MSCs obtained by Percoll (1.073 g/mL) were similar in size, spindle-shaped or star-shaped fibroblasts-liked cells. Cell growth curve analysis indicated that MSCs were in the exponential stage after 5d and in the stationary stages after 9d. Flow cytometry analysis showed that the CD29 and CD44 positive cells were about 50%~70%. Conclusions The human umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells were grown stably in vitro and can be used as the seed-cells in tissue engineering. Key words:human umbilical cord blood; mesenchymal stem cells; cell cycle; immunocytochemistry 间充质干细胞(mesenchymal stem cells,MSCs)在一定条件下具有多向分化的潜能,是组织工程研究中重要的种子细胞来源。寻找来源丰富并不受伦理学制约的间充质干细胞成为近年来的研究热点[1]。脐血(umbilical cord blood, UCB)在胚胎娩出后,与胎盘一起存在的医疗废物。与骨髓相比,UCB来源更丰富,取材方便,具有肿瘤和微生物污染机会少等优点。有人认为脐血中也存在间充质干细胞(Umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells,UCB-MSCs)。如果从脐血中培养出MSCs,与胚胎干细胞相比,应用和研究则不受伦理的制约,蕴藏着巨大的临床应用价值[2,3]。本研究将探讨人UCB-MSCs体外培养的方法、细胞的生长曲线、增殖周期和细胞表面标志等方面,分析UCB-MSCs 作为间充质干细胞来源的可行性。

词类活用之名词使动用法

词类活用之名词使动用法 文言文中,有些名词带宾语之后,表示使宾语怎么样的意思。如:"而欲以力臣天下之主"中的"臣",就是名词作动词,臣服的意思。(使天下之主臣服。) 1、先破秦入咸阳者王之王:让……称王 2、汗牛充栋汗:使……出汗 3、齐威王欲将孙膑将:任命……为将 词类活用之名词意动用法 在文言文中,有些名词带上宾语后,表示主语把宾语当作是什么。如:"其闻道也固先乎吾,吾从而师之"中的"师",就是"以……为老师"的意思。 1、稍稍宾客其父宾客:把……当作宾客。 2、鱼肉百姓鱼肉:以……为鱼肉 3、孟尝君客我客:把……当作门客 4、故人不独亲其亲,不独子其子。"不仅仅把亲人当作亲人,不仅仅把孩子当作孩子。" 词类活用之动词用作名词 文言文中,动词往往用作句子的主语或宾语,有时又受"其""之"等词语修饰限制,这使之具有了名词的特点。如:"追亡逐北,流血漂橹"中的"亡""北"均为动词用作名词,意思是败逃的人。 1、殚其地之出,竭其庐之入出、入:产品、收入 2、去国怀乡,忧谗畏讥谗、讥:诬陷、嘲讽的话 词类活用之动词使动用法 文言文中,有些动词所表示的动作,其发出者是后面的宾语所表示的人或物,这就是动词的使动用法。如:"项伯杀人,臣活之"中的"活",就是使……活命的意思。 1、外连横而斗诸侯斗:让……争斗 2、中军置酒饮归客饮:使……饮酒 3、生死而肉骨生:使……复生

4、惊天动地惊:使……惊奇;动:使……感动 5、可烧而走也走:使……逃走 词类活用之形容词作名词 文言文中,当形容词担任主语或宾语时,它已不再表示事物的性质或特征,而是表示具有某种性质或特征的人或事物。如:"将军身披坚执锐"中的"坚""锐",指的是"坚固的铠甲和锐利的兵器"。 1、晓看红湿处红:红花 2、知否,知否,应是绿肥红瘦绿、红:绿叶、红花。 3、常在于险远。险远:危险而又道远的地方 词类活用之形容词用作动词 在文言文中,当形容词直接带宾语时,它不再表示事物性质,而是表示相应的动作行为或变化发展。如:"其好游者不能穷也"中的"穷",是走到尽头的意思。 1、欲穷千里目,更上一层楼穷:看尽 2、吾妻之美我者,私我也。私:偏爱 词类活用之形容词使动用法 在文言文中,当形容词带宾语时,它表示附加某种特征于宾语所表示的事物上,这种活用方式,就是形容词使动用法。如:"春风又绿江南岸,明月何时照我还"中的"绿",就是"使……变绿"的意思。 1、诸侯恐惧,会盟而谋弱秦弱:使……削弱 2、富国强兵富、强:使┉┉富、强 3、苦其心志,劳其筋骨,饿其体肤苦、劳、饿:使┉┉苦、劳、饿 词类活用之形容词意动用法 在文言文中,当形容词带上宾语时,它表示主语所表示的人或物认为宾语所表示的人或物具有某种性质或特征。如:"登泰山而小天下"中的"小",就是"认为……小"的意思。 1、孔子登东山而小鲁小:认为……小

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