【模拟试卷】上海市上海中学2020届高三英语模拟试卷及答案

2020年上海中学高三英语模拟练习

Grammar and Vocabulary

Section A

Directions:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Today the Statue of Liberty is a beloved landmark. It ___1___(tower) above of the harbor of New York and is lovingly cared for by the National Park Service. Many thousands of visitors who visit Liberty Island each year might never suspect that getting the statue ___2___(build) was a long slow struggle. More than a century ago, it

___3___ (be) the celebration of freedom and the commemoration of the friendship between America and France that inspired sculptor Auguste Bartholdi and finally he went forward with designing the potential statue and promoting the idea of building it. However, money was so big a problem ___4___was haunting the two governments from the beginning to the end.

Donations for the building of the statue first began coming in throughout France in 1875.Numerous people gave donations. A copper company donated the copper sheets that would be used to fashion the skin of the statue. Various donations were helpful,

___5___ the cost of the statue kept rising. ___6___(face) with a shortfall of money, the French-American Union held a lottery. Merchants in Paris donated prizes, and tickets were sold. The lottery was a success, but more money was still needed. The sculptor

Bartholdi eventually sold miniature versions of the statue, ___7___ the name of the buyer engraved on them.Finally, in July 1880 the French-American Union announced that enough money had been raised to complete the building of the statue.

While the French had announced that the funds for the statues were in place in 1880, by late 1882 the American donations, which would be needed to build the pedestal,were sadly lagging. The sculptor Bartholdi had travelled to America in 1871 to promote the idea of the statue. Despite B artholdi’s efforts, the idea of the statue was difficult

___8___(sell). some newspapers, most notably the New York Times, often criticized the statue as folly, and vehemently opposed ___9___(spend) any money on it. The newspaper publisher Joseph Pulitzer, who had purchased a New York City daily, The World, in the early1880s, took us the cause of the statue’s pedestal. He mounted an energetic fund drive, promising to print the name of each donor, ___10___ small the donation, Pulitzer’s audacious plan worked, and millions of people around the country began donating whatever they could.

In August1885, that final $100,000 for the statue;s pedestal had been

raised.Construction work on the stone structure continued, and the next year the Statue of Liberty, which had arrived from France packed in crated, was erected on top. Section B

Directions:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can beused only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

Let’s say you’ve decided you want to eat more healthfully. However, you don’t have time to carefully plan menus for meals or read food ___11___ at the supermarket. Since you really___12___ yourself to a healthier lifestyle, a little help would come in handy, wouldn’t it? This is where a “choice architect” can help___13___some of the burden of doing it all yourself. Choice architects are people who organize the contexts in which customers make decisions. For example, the person who decides the layout of your local supermarket — including which shelf the peanut butter goes on, and how the oranges are piled up — is a choice architect.

Governments don’t have to ___14___ healthier lifestyles through laws for example, smoking bans. Rather, if given an environment created by a choice architect — one that encourages us to choose what is best — we will do the right things. In other words, there will be designs that gently push customers toward making healthier choices, without removing freedom of choice. This idea combines freedom to choose with ___15___ hints from choice architects, who aim to help people live longer, healthier, and happier lives.

The British and Swedish governments have introduced a so-called “traffic light system” to ___16___ foods as healthy or unhealthy. This means that customers can see at a glance how much fat, sugar, and salt each product contains ___17___ by looking at the lights on the package. A green light ___18___ that the amounts of the three nutrients are healthy; yellow indicates that the customer should be ___19___; and red means that

the food is high in at least one of the three nutrients and should be eaten in ___20___. The customer is given important health information, but is still free to decide what to choose.

Reading Comprehension

Section A

Directions: Fore ach blank in the following passage are four words or phrases marked A. B. C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

Research has shown that two-thirds of human conversation is taken up not with discussion of the cultural or political problems of the day, not heated debates about films we’ve just watched or books we’ve just finished reading, but plain and simple

___21___.

Language is our greatest treasure as a species, and what do we ___22___ do with it? We gossip. About others’ behaviour and private lives, such as who’s doing what with whom, who’s in and who’s out —— and why; how to deal with difficult ___23___ situations involving children, lovers, and colleagues.

So why are we keen on gossiping? Are we just natural ___24___, of both time and words? Or do we talk a lot about nothing in particular simply to avoid facing up to the really important issues of life? It’s not the case according to Professor Robin Dunbar. In fact, in his latest book, Grooming, Gossip and the Evolution of Language, the psychologist says gossip is one of these really___25___issues.

Dunbar ___26___ the traditional view that language was developed by the men at

the early stage of social development in order to organize their manly hunting activities more effectively, or even to promote the exchange of poetic stories about their origins and the supernatural. Instead he suggests that language evolved among women. We don’t spend two-thirds of our time gossiping just because we can talk, argues Dunbar —___27___, he goes on to say, language evolved specifically to allow us to gossip.

Dunbar arrived at his cheery theory by studying the ___28___ of the higher primates like monkeys. By means of grooming —— cleaning the fur by brushing it, monkeys form groups with other individuals on whom they can rely for support in the event of some kind of conflict within the group or ___29___ from outside it.

As we human beings evolve from a particular branch of the primate family, Dunbar ___30___that at one time in our history we did much the same. Grouping together made sense because the bigger the group, the greater the ___31___ it provided; on the other hand, the bigger the group, the greater the stresses of living close to others. Grooming helped to ___32___ the pressure and calm everybody down.

But as the groups got bigger and bigger, the amount of time spent in grooming activities also had to be ___33___ to maintain its effectiveness. Clearly, a more

___34___ kind of grooming was needed, and thus language evolved as a kind of vocal grooming which allowed humans to develop relationship with ever-larger groups by exchanging information over a wider network of individuals than would be possible by one-to-one ___35___ contact.

21. A. claim B. description C. gossip D. language

22. A. occasionally B. habitually C. independently D. originally

23. A. social B. political C. historical D. cultural

24. A. admirers B. masters C. users D. wasters

25. A. vital B. sensitive C. ideal D. difficult

26. A. confirms B. rejects C. outlines D. broadens

27. A. for instance B. in addition C. on the contrary D. as a result

28. A. motivation B. appearance C. emotion D. behavior

29. A. attack B. contact C. inspection D. assistance

30. A. recalls B. denies C. concludes D. confesses

31. A. prospect B. responsibility C. leadership D. protection

32. A. measure B. show C. maintain D. ease

33. A. saved B. extended C. consumed D. gained

34. A. common B. efficient C. scientific D. thoughtful

35. A. indirect B. daily C. physical D. secret

Section B（每题2分，共40分）

Directions:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

A

The teacher who did the most to encourage me was, as it happens, my aunt.She was Myrtle C. Manigault, the wife of my mother’s brother Bill. She taught me in second

grade at all-black Summer School in Camden, New Jersey.

During my childhood and youth, Aunt Myrtle encouraged me to develop every aspect of my potential, without regard for what was considered practical or possible for black females. I liked to sing; she listened to my voice and pronounced it good. I couldn’t dance; she taught me the basic dancing steps. She took me to the theatre-not just children's theatre but adult comedies and dramas-and her faith that I could appreciate adult plays was not disappointed.

My aunt also took down books from her extensive library and shared them with me.I had books at home, but they were all serious classics. Even as a child I had a strong liking for humour, and I’ll never forget the joy of discovering Don Marquis’s Archy & Mehitabel through her.

Most important, perhaps, Aunt Myrtle provided my first opportunity to write for publication.A writer herself for one of the black newspapers, she suggested my name to the editor as a “youth columnist”. My column, begun when I was fourteen,was supposed to cover teenage social activities-and it did-but it also gave me the freedom to write on many other subjects as well as the habit of gathering material, the discipline of meeting deadlines, and, after graduation from college six years later, a solid collection of published material that carried my name and was my passport to a series of writing jobs.

Today Aunt Myrtle is still an enthusiastic supporter of her “favourite niece”. Like a diamond, she has reflected a bright, multifaceted (多面的) image of possibilities to every pupil who has crossed her path.

36. Which of the following did Aunt Myrtle do to the author during her childhood and youth?

A. She lent her some serious classics.

B. She cultivated her taste for music.

C. She discovered her talent for dancing.

D. She introduced her to adult plays.

37. What does Archy & Mehitabel in Paragraph 3 probably refer to?

A. A book of great fun.

B. A writer of high fame.

C. A serious masterpiece.

D. A heartbreaking play.

38. Aunt Myrtle recommended the author to a newspaper editor mainly to ________.

A. develop her capabilities for writing

B. give her a chance to collect material

C. involve her in teenage social activities

D. offer her a series of writing jobs

39. We can conclude from the passage that Aunt Myrtle was a teacher who________.

A. trained pupils to be diligent and well-disciplined

B. gave pupils confidence in exploiting their potential

C. emphasized what was practical or possible for pupils

D. helped pupils overcome difficulties in learning

(B)

Humpback Whales

Humpback whales are sometimes called performers of the ocean.This is because they can make impressive movements when they dive.The name “humpback”, which is the common name for this whale, refers to the typical curve shape the whale’s back forms as it dives.

Sometimes the humpback will dive with a fantastic movement known as a breach. During breaching the whale uses its powerful tail flukes to lift nearly two-thirds of its body out of the water in a giant leap. A breach might also include a sideways twist with fins stretched out like wings, as the whale reaches the height of the breach.

A humpback whale breathes air at the surface of the water through two blowholes which are located near the top of the head. It blows a double stream of water that can rise up to 4 metres above the water.

The humpback has a small dorsal fin located towards the tail flukes about two-thirds of the way down its back. Other distinguishing features include large pectoral fins, which may be up to a third of the body length, and unique black and white spots on the underside of the tail flukes.These markings are like finger prints: no two are the same.

Humpback whales live in large groups.They communicate with each other through complex “songs”.

40. According to Quick Facts, a humpback whale _____.

A. cannot survive in waters near the shore

B. Doesn’t live in the same waters all the time

C. lives mainly on underwater plants

D. prefers to work alone when hunting food

41. To make a breach, a humpback whale must _____.

A. use its tail flukes to leap out of the water

B. twist its body sideways to jump high

2018-2019学年上海中学高三上英语期中英语试卷

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