2012江苏省高考英语阅读翻译

2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（江苏卷）C.

Medical drugs sometimes cause more damage than they cure. One solution to this problem is to put the drugs inside a capsule, protecting them from the body—and the body from them—until they can be released at just the right spot. There are lots of ways to trigger(引发) this release, including changing temperature, acidity, and so on. But triggers can come with their own risks--- burns, for example. Now, researchers in California have designed what could be a harmless trigger to date: shining near-infrared light (NIR，近红外钱) on the drug in the capsule.

医学药物产生的伤害有时比疗效更大。解决的方法之一是将药物装入胶囊里，使人体和药物相互隔离，直到药物在正确的部位释放。有很多种方法可以引发药物的释放，包括不断变化的温度，酸性等。但是这些药物触发伴随着自身带来的风险，比如烧伤。日前来自加利福尼亚的研究者已经设计出了一种包含在药物胶囊里的无害的触发器；通过红外线来引发胶囊药物的释放。

The idea of using ligh t to liberate the drug in the capsule isn’t new. Researchers around the globe have developed polymers(聚合物) and other materials that begin to break down when they absorb either ultraviolet(UV，紫外线) or visible light. But tissues also readily absorb UV and visible light, which means the drug release can be triggered only near the skin, where the light can reach the capsule. NIR light largely passes through tissues, so researchers have tried to use it as a trigger. But few compounds(化合物) absorb NIR well and go through chemical changes.

利用光在胶囊里释放药物并不新奇。世界各地的研究者开发出了聚合物和其他材料，他们在吸收紫外线或者可见光后开始分解。但问题是身体组织也很容易吸收紫外线和可见光，这就意味着药物只能在光可以到达的皮肤组织周围释放。近红外线主要通过皮肤组织传输。所以研究者意在把它用作一种触发器。然而只有很小部分化合物能够很好地吸收近红外线并且与之产生化学反应。

That changed last year when Adah Almutairi, a chemist at the University of California, San Diego, reported that she and her colleagues had designed a polymer that breaks down when it absorbs NIR light. Their polymer used a commercially available NIR-absorbing group called o-nitrobenzyl (ONB). When they catch the light, ONB groups fall off the polymer, leading to its breakdown. But ONB is only a so-so NIR absorber, and it could be poisonous to cells when it separates from the polymer.

然而在去年这一切有了转折。一名来自圣地亚哥加利福尼亚大学的药剂师阿勒穆塔里在报告中指出，她和她的同事设计了一种聚合物，它在吸收近红外线后分解。他们的聚合物应用了市场上现有的近红外线吸收组，叫做邻硝基。邻硝基在见光后脱离聚合物产生分解。但是邻硝基只是一种平常的近红外线吸剂，并且在脱离聚合物的同时可能对细胞产生有害副作用。

So Almutairi and her colleagues reported creating a new material for capsules that’s even be tter. This one consists of a long chain for compounds called cresol groups linked in a polymer. Cresol contains reactive(易反应的) components that make it highly unstable in its polymeric form, a feature Almutairi and her colleagues use to their advantage. After polymerizing the cresols, they cap each reactive component with a light-absorbing compound called Bhc. When the Bhcs absorb NIR light, the reactive groups are exposed and break the long polymer into two short chains. Shining additional light continues this breakdown, potentially releasing any drugs in the capsule. What's more, Almutairi says, Bhc is 10 times better at absorbing NIR than is ONB and is not poisonous to cells.

因此阿勒穆塔里和她的同事发明了一种更加适合作为药物胶囊的材料。这种材料包含了一个长链化合物叫做甲酚聚合物。阿勒穆塔里和她同事利用甲酚的易反应性和在聚合物形态中高度不稳定的性质，发明出新的材料。在聚合甲酚后，它们用一个光吸收化合物限制每一个易反应物质，生成的化合物称为六氯环己烷。当六氯环己烷吸收近红外线后，易反应性组曝光，把长链聚合物破坏成两个短链聚合物。另外光照分解，分解了胶囊里的所有药物。阿勒穆塔里说六氯环己烷对身体细胞没有害，在吸收近红外线方面，比邻硝基要好10倍并且对细胞不会产生有害副作用。

63. According to the passage, which of the following could be the best trigger?

A. Temperature change

B. NIR light.

C. Acidity change.

D. UV light.

64. Why is ONB unsatisfactory?

A. It breaks down when it absorbs NIR light.

B. It falls off the polymer and triggers drug release.

C. It has not come onto the market up till now.

D. It is not effective enough and could be poisonous.

65. Which word can be used to compete the following process of changes?

A. protected

B. formed

C. exposed

D. combined