高中英语 必修4 Unit 2 Working the land Period 2 Learning about Language 优质教案

高中英语必修4Unit2WorkingthelandPeriod2LearningaboutLanguage优质教

案

Period2LearningaboutLanguage

TheGeneralIdeaofThisPeriod

Thisperiodisabouttheusefulwords,expressionsandstructureslearnedinthereadingpart,fromtheexercisesinthisper iod,thestudentscanconsolidatewhattheylearntint hereadingpart,andlearnthegrammaraboutthe-ingformasanoun. TeachingImportantPoints

Learnhowtousethe-ingformasanoun.

TeachingDifficultPoints

Learntousethe-ingformasasubjectaswellasanobject.

TeachingMethods

Asking-and-answeringactivitytocheckthestudents’answersoftheexercises;individual,pairorgroupworktofinishe

achtask.

TeachingAids

Amulti-mediacomputer

Ablackbo ard

ThreeDimensionalTeachingAims

KnowledgeandSkills

Learnsomekeywords:

trial,consider,prove,tellthetruth,pretend,thinkhighlyof,besides

Learnsomeimportantdrills:

IthinkhighlyofthosewhoaresearchingfortheAmberRoom.

Besides,myfatheroncetoldmethatanypersonwhofindssomethingcouldkeepit.

ImustsaythatIagreewithyou.

ImustsaythatIdon’tagreewithyou.

Helpthestudentslearnhowtousethe-ingformasanoun.

Enablethestudentstolearnhowtomakejudgmentsandgivetheiropinions.

ProcessandStrategies

Theteachermayleadthestudentstosumupsomegrammaticalitemsthemselves.

Givesomenecessaryexplanation.

FeelingsandValue

Throughthestudyingofthispartthestudentswillknowmoreaboutthe-ingformasanoun.Besides,theirabilityoftransf erencewillbestrengthened.

TeachingProcedures

Step1Revision

1.Greetings.

2.AskthestudentstousethefirstpersontoretellthepassageaboutDrYuan,andaskthemtotrytousetheproperconjunctions.

Step2Usefulwordsandexpressions

T:Fromthereadingpart,wecanfindsomeusefulwordsandexpressions.Sonowpleasefindthewordsandexpressionsthatm eansthesamefromthetext.(Ex.1onPage11)

Aftertwominutes,theteacherbeginstochecktheanswersandgivetherightanswers:

Suggestedanswers:

1.sunburnt

2.hunger

3.rid...of

4.expand

5.circulate

6.leada...life

7.wouldrather

8.thanksto

9.struggle10.export

T:NowLet’scometoEx.2.Pleasecompletethepassagewithwordsandexpressionsfromtheprevioussections,thenI’llasky outogivemetheanswerssentencebysentence.

Afterseveralminutes,theteacheraskthestudentstogivetheiranswers.

Suggestedanswers:

1.prove

2.wouldrather

3.livea

4.life

5.rid

6.of

7.output

8.increased

9.sunburnt

T:HowaboutEx.3,haveyoufoundtheanswers?I’dliketoasksomeofyoutoreadthesentencesandthengivemetheanswers.

Suggestedanswers:

1.super

2.satisfied

3.strain

4.exported

5.suitable

Step3Discoveringusefulstructures

T:Let’scometodi scoveringusefulstructures,atfirstlet’sfinishtheexercisesinthispart.Doyouknowwhatdoes“evenapoor personcanhaveawish”mean?

S:Itmeans“Wishingforthingscostsnothing.”

T:V erygood!NowpleaserewritethesentencesinEx.2onPage12.

Afterfiveminutes,theteachercheckstheanswers.(Ssanswerthequestionsonebyone.)

Suggestedanswers:

1.Helpingpeopleinneedofhelpisnice.

2.Growinghybridriceisn’teasy.

3.Learningmoreaboutfarmingisn’tdifficult.

4.Doingresearchinthecountrysideisn’teasy.

5.GettingridofhungerisveryimportantinsomeAfricancountries.

6.Explainingthisagainisimportantorwewillgetconfused.

T:Doyouthinkit’sveryeasytolearnaboutthe-ingformasthesubject?Buthowaboutthe-ingformastheobject?NowI’dliket ochecktheanswersofEx.3onPage12.

(Ssgivetheanswersonebyone.)

Suggestedanswers:

1.DrYuanlikestalkingtoricegrowers abouthiswork.

2.Hecontinueddoingresearchuntilabetterstrainofricewasfound.

3.Manycitykidslookforwardtovisitingthecountryside.

4.Notallstudentsenjoyworkinginthefields.

5.Theystartedproducinghybridricein1974.

6.IremembermeetingthescientistwhilehewasinBeijinglasttime.

Step4Grammar

T:Today,wearegoingtolearnthe v.-ing asanoun.Soatfirstwhocantellmewhatanouncanbeusedasinasentence?Andplea

segivemesomeexamples.

S:I tcanbeusedassubject.Forexample:Smokingisharmfultoourhealth.

T:NowIthinkyouhaveknownhowtousethe v.-ing assubject.Buthowaboutothers?

S:Itcanalsobeusedasobject.Forexample:Ihaveforgottenseeingthisfilm.

T:Youareright.The v.-ing formcanbeusedasobject,too.Nowlet’scometoknowmoreaboutit.

T:V erygood.(Theteachermaygiveasystematicalexplanationofthegrammar.)

Step5Homework

1.FinishtherelatedexercisesonWorkbook.

2.Prepareforthenextclass.

3.Finishtheexercisesaboutthe-ingformasthesubjectandobject.

TheDesignoftheWritingontheBlackboard

Unit2 Workingtheland

Period2 Learningaboutlanguage

1.chemical adj.化学的;关于化学的

chemistry n .化学 2.Phrasesthatcanbeusedwiththe-ingform: begoodat;care(little)about;dreamof;devote...to;seetheneedfor;beafraidof;beconcernedabout;beinterestedin

RecordafterTeaching

ActivitiesandResearch

Whenleadinginthegrammarpart,youmaygivethestudentssomeexamplesaboutthe-ingformasanounandencourag ethestudentstosumupthegrammatical rules.Thentheteachermayaskthestudentstomakeupasmanysentencesaspossiblet

oconsolidateit.

ReferenceforTeaching

Grammar

动名词 一、概述

和不定式一样,动名词也是非谓语动词的一种,它通常由动词原形加-ing 构成。动名词有主动和被动两种语态,有一般式,完成式和进行式三种形式。如下表所示:

的功能,在句中可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分。

二、动名词的时态和语态形式

1.动名词的时态形式

①一般式

动名词的一般式表示动作或状态与谓语动词的动作同时发生,或者表示一种无时间性限制的经常性、习惯性的动作或状态。

HeenjoyswritinglettersinEnglish.

他喜欢用英语写信。

Manyyoungpeoplelikeplayingfootball.许多年轻人喜欢踢足球。

②完成式

动名词的完成式表示动作或状态先于谓语动词的动作或状态,如:

Theyregrethavingbeenunabletohelpyou.他们为没能帮上你的忙而遗憾。

Afterhavingwrittentheletter,hewenttopostit.他写完信,就去寄它了。

Sheregrettedhavingmissedthefilm.她后悔没有看到那部电影。

③完成进行式

动名词的完成进行时表示动作发生于谓语动作之前,并一直持续到谓语动词的动作发生之时,或继续。如:

Forgivemefor myhavingbeeninterruptingyousomuch.原谅我打扰你这么久。

2.动名词的被动式

当动名词的逻辑主语是动名词动作的承受者时,用被动式。如:

Heclimbedthroughthewindowwithoutbeingseen.他从窗口爬进去,没有被人发现。

Sheneedstoworkwithoutbeingdisturbed(=withoutpeopledisturbher).

她要在无人干扰的情况下才能工作。

动名词的被动语态分成一般式和完成式两种。如:

Therailwayisintheprocessofbeingconstructed.

铁路在兴建中。

AfterhavingkeptaprisonerintheBastilleformanyyears,DrManettehadrecentlybeensetfree.

曼奈特医生被关在巴士底监狱许多年后,最近获释。

特别提示:-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义

在want,need,deserve,require等动词后,总是用-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义,相当于“tobe+过去分词”。如:

Mywatchneedsrepairing(=toberepaired).

我的手表需要修理。

Thehousewantscleaning.这房屋需要打扫。

在worth这个形容词后情形也是这样。如:

Thefilmisworthseeing.这部影片值得一看。

Theplaceisworthvisiting.那个地方值得一游。

三、动名词的否定式

动名词的否定式通常是在动名词前加否定词not。例如:

Iapologizeformynothavingkeptpromise.

我没能遵守诺言,十分抱歉。

Iregretnotbeingabletohelpyou.

我很抱歉不能帮助你。

1.作主语

动名词作主语时,句子有两种形式:

(1)动名词直接置于句首主语的位置上。

Playingtricksonothersissomethingweshouldneverdo.

捉弄别人是我们万万不能干的。

Learningnewwordsisveryimportantforme.

学习新单词对我来说非常重要。

Talkingiseasierthandoing。说比做容易。

(2)用形式主语it,把真正的主语——动名词结构移置句尾。但这种句子形式有一定的限制,作表语的只能是某些形容词或少数名词,如useful,useless,good,fun，nouse,worth等。例如:

ItisuselesstryingtoarguewithShylock.

和夏洛克争辩是没有什么用的。

It’sworthmakingtheeffort.

这事值得去做。

Isitanygoodtryingtoexplain?

想再解释一次有好处吗?

Itispleasantworkingwithyou.

跟你在一起工作是令人愉快的。

(3)在therebe结构中作主语,这种结构的意思相当于“Itisimpossibletodo...”。例如:

Thereisnohidingofevilbutnottodoit.

若要人不知,除非己莫为。

Thereisnojokingaboutsuchmatter。

这种事开不得玩笑。

Therewasnoknowingwhenhewouldleave.

无法知道他什么时候离开。

注意:动名词与不定式作主语时的比较:

动名词表示的动作通常是一个泛指的动作,不定式则通常表示具体的动作。例如:

Asachild,shefeltthatvisitingsickpeoplewasadutyandapleasure.

还是个孩子的时候,她就觉得探视病人是一种责任,也是一种愉悦。

BeingaguestinanAmericanhomewillbeagoodexperienceforme.

到美国人家里做客对我来说将是一个极好的经历。

Doingnothingisdoingill.

什么也不做就是作恶。

Hesaid,“Togoonlike thisisnouse.”

他说:“继续这样下去是无用的。”

It’sanhonourformetobeinvitedtotheparty.

我很荣幸被邀请参加这个晚会。

归纳:常用-ing形式作主语的句型有:

It+be+awasteoftimedoing做……是浪费时间的

Itis/wasnogood/usedoing做……是没用处的

Itis/washardly/scarcelyworthdoing做……不值得

Itis/wasworth/worthwhiledoing做……是值得的

Thereisnodoing无法……,不允许……

Thereisnosenseindoing做……没有道理

Thereis/wasnousedoing干……无意义

Thereis/wasnothingworsethandoing没有比……更糟的

Thereis/wasnopointdoing干……无意义

Therewasnoknowingwherewewouldgo.

我们不知道要去哪儿。

Thereisnopointdoingsuchasillyth ing.

做这件傻事毫无意义。

注意:Thereisnoneedtodosth.干……没必要,在此句式中todo不可换为doing。

Thereisn oneedtotellher.没有必要告诉她。

提示:当动名词用作主语时,其逻辑主语由形容词性物主代词和名词所有格构成。

Mysister’sbeingillmadeweworried.

我姐姐病了,使我很担心。

Yourbeingrightdoesn’tnecessarilymeanmybeingwrong.

你正确未必就意味着我错了。

2.作动词的宾语

动名词作宾语有两种情况。一是有些动词只能后接动名词作宾语;二是有些动词既可后接动名词也可后

接不定式作宾语。

（1）只能后接动名词作宾语的动词,常见的有avoid,consider,enjoy,keep,finish,suggest,dislike,delay,escape,cannothelp,imagine,mind,miss,practise,cannotstand 等。如:

Ican’tavoidgoing.我不能不去。

Haveyouconsideredlookingforonespecialfriend?

你是否考虑过找一位挚友?

Wemusttrytoavoidrepeatingthesamemistake.

我们必须设法避免犯同样的错误。

Doyoufeellikehavingawalkwithmeaftersupper?

晚饭后你想和我一起散步吗?

Peoplecouldn’thelplaughingfoolishman.

人们忍不住嘲笑那个愚蠢的人。

这类动词还有:excuse,fancy,giveup,putoff,risk等。

（2）既可接动名词又可接不定式作宾语的动词,常见的

有:begin,start,continue,like,love,prefer,by,mean,forget,remember,hate等。

A.在like,love,hate,prefer等动词之后,用-ing或不定式意义上没有什么不同,只是侧重点有些不同,动名词表示泛指的动作,不定式表示具体的一次性动作。例如:

Iconsideredgoing,butIhavethiscompositiontowrite.

我考虑要去,可是我要写这篇作文。

Ienjoylearningaboutnewthingsfrompoliticstosportsandmusic.

我喜欢从政治、体育及音乐等方面学习新的事情。

Webelievethatmanymorepeoplewillprefertotravelbyair.

我们相信将会有更多的人喜欢乘坐飞机旅行。

在wouldlike／love／prefer之后,只能用不定式。例如:

I’dprefertodothattomorrow.这事我想明天再做。

I’dliketodosomeshopping,butnotduringtheday.

我倒是想去购物,但又不想白天去。

I’dlikeyoutomeetDrZhang.

我想让你见一见张医生。

Oh,Iwouldlovetobeacontestant.

噢,我倒是想做个参赛者。

B.在begin/start,continue之后,用动名词和不定式,意义无甚区别,尤其是当主语是人的时候。例如:

Jazzstarteddevelopinginthe1920sintheSouthernStates.

20年代爵士音乐在美国南部各州开始发展。

Theshipstartedtoleakandbegintofillwithwater.

船体开始出现漏洞,并开始进水。

Hankstartedtowalkthroughthecarriagestogetbacktohisseat.

汉克开始走回他自己坐的车厢。

Journalistshavetostopworkingononestoryandstartworkingimmediatelyontheimportantnewone.

新闻记者不得不停下手中所写的,立刻开始写最新的重要新闻。

当begin/start与see,think,feel,understand等动词连用时,用不定式。例如:

Theybegantounderstandhowimportanttheforestis.

他们开始明白森林有多么重要。

begin/start用进行式时,只能后接不定式。例如:

Iwasbeginningtowonderifitwaseasyenoughtogoontheclimbing.

我开始想继续往上爬会不会越来越难。

I’mstartingtoputonweightagain.

我又开始长胖了。

C.在动词forget,remember,regret之后,用动名词与不定式意义不同。动名词表示动作先于谓语发生,不定式表示后于谓语动作,例如:

Irememberpostingtheletter.

我记得我已把信寄了。

I’llremembertoposttheletter.

我会记着去寄信的。

Ishallneverforgetseeingthefamouswriter.

我永远不会忘记见到过那位著名作家。

Don’tforgettowritetoyourmother.

不要忘了给你母亲写信。

Iregretmissingthereport.

我真后悔没赶上那次报告会。

IregrettosayIcan’ttakeyouradvice.

我遗憾地告诉你我不能接受你的建议。

D.在try,mean之后,意义各不相同,如trytodo(设法),trydoing(试试),meantodo(打算,有意要做),meandoing(意思是,意味着)。例如:

Wemusttrytogeteverythingdoneintime.我们必须设法及时把一切搞好。

Let’strydoingtheworkinginsomeo therway.我们用别的方法做这工作试试。

Ididn’tmeantomakeyouangry.我并不想叫你生气。

Yourplanwouldmeanspendinghours.你的计划意味着要花费几个小时。

E.goondoing和goontodo

goondoing继续做一直在做的事;goontodo接着做另一件事。例如:

Pleasegoondoingthesameexercise.请接着做这同一个练习。

Pleasegoontodotheotherexercise.请做另外一个练习。

F.stopdoing与stoptodo

stopdoing停止做,stoptodo停下正在干的事去干另一件事。如:

Westoppedtalking.我们停止了交谈。

Westoppedtotalk.我们停了下来去谈话。

3.作介词的宾语

动名词可与介词一起构成介词短语。

A.介词+动名词,如:

We’vegottothinkofwaysofchangingpeople’shabits.

我们得想些办法改变人们的习惯。

Iapologizeforbeingsoangrywithyou.

我向你道歉,刚才对你那样生气。

Afterbeingawayforseveralyears,itisastrangeexperiencetoreturntotheplaceyouwerebornandbroughtup.

离开几年之后再回到你生长的地方,感觉有点怪。

B.动词+介词+动名词,例如:

Iinsistontakingproperfoodforthisexpedition.

我坚持为这次出行带足需要的食物。

Insteadofsmiling,eachofthemmadeaface.

同学们脸上没有笑容,相反都做了怪脸。

Shewasveryinterestedinworkingforourcompany.

她对为我们公司工作很感兴趣。

下列短语中的to都是介词,所以后面跟名词或-ing形

式:devoteto,objectto,payattentionto,getdownto,leadto,lookforwardto,stickto,beus edto等。

高中英语必修4Unit5重点短语解析

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