高级英语 第十四课

Lesson 14 Loving and Hating New York

Ⅰ.

1. Olmsted : Frederick Law Olmsted Jr. ( 1870 -- 1975 ), American landscape architect. A Harvard graduate (1894),he studied under his father, Fredcrick Law Olmsted, and began practice as landscape architect in 1895. He was landscape architect for the Metropolitan Park System of Boston, 1898--1920; Baltimore Park and Park Commission, 1902--1917; member of the National Capital Park and Planning Commission in 1929, and again from 1945. He acted in consulting capacity for and designed portions of the parks or other public improvements of many towns and cities and numerous instiutions, land subdivisions, and private properties. Among his designs in Washington D.C. were those for Rock Creek and Ana-costia Parks, the Mall, and the White House grounds. He wrote numerous articles and reports on professional subjects.

2. Bach. John Sebastian Bach (1685--1750),German composer and organist, one of the greatest and most influential composers of the Western World. He brought poly- phonic baroque music to its culmination, creating masterful and vigorous works in almost every musical form known in his period. Born into a gifted family, Bach was devoted to music from childhood; he was taught by his father and later by his brother Johann cristoph. His education was acquired largely through independent studies.

Since few of Bach's many works were published in his lifetime, exact dates cannot be fixed for all of them, but most can be placed with some certainty in the periods of his life. At Arnstadt and Miihlhausen he began a series of organ compositions that culminated in the great works of the Weimar period; the Passacaglia and Fugue in C Mi-nor. At Cothen he concentrated on instrumental compositions, especially keyboard works: the Chromatic Fantasy and Fugue; the English Suites; and Book I of the celebrated 7"he Well-Tempered-Clavier. He also wrote several un- accompainied violin Sonatas and cellosuites, and the Brandenburg Concertos, recognised as the best concertigrossiever composed. As musical director of St Thomas atLeipzig, he composed many of his superb religious compositions, the Christmas Oratorio, the St. ]~lat hew Passion, etc. The principal keyboard works of this period were Book Ⅱof The Well-Tempered Clavier and the four books of clavier pieces in the Clavier Cibung, which includes: six partitas (1726--1731)~ the Italian Concerto and the Partita in B minor (1735)~ and the Goldberg Variations.

The bulk of his work is religious. In addition, he composed an astonising number of instrumental works, many of them designed for the instruction of his numerous pupils. In his instrumental and choral works he perfected the art of polyphony, displaying an unmatched combination of inventiveness and control in his great, striding fugues. During his lifetime, Bach was better known as an organist than as a composer. For decades after his death his works were neglected, but in the 19th century his genius came to be recognized, particularly by romantic composers such as Mendelssohn and Schumann. Since that time his reputation has grown steadily.

Ⅱ.

1. N0, his hometown is Seattle, a seaport in west central Washington State on Puget Sound. See paragragh 4.

2. These signs show that New York is no longer the leading city in the United States.

3. New York no longer begets the styles and sets the trends.It is no longer a paeesetter.

4. Other cities have buildings more inspired architecturally. The center of music and sports have also shifted to other cities. As a tourist attraction it is inferior to New Orlcans, San Francisco, Washington or Disneyland. Finally, there are many beter cities to live in than New York.

5. The Europeans call New York their favorite city because they like its cosmopolitan complexities, its surviving European standards and its alien mixtures. Perhaps some of these are reassured by the international names of jewelers, shoe stores and designer shops. But what most excites Europeans is the city's charged, nervous atmosphere, its vulgar dynamism.

6. Tim writer went to New York because he likes to live there and he could practice the kind of journalism he wanted in that city.

7. The young people go to New York to test themselves and to avoid giving in to the most banal and marketable of their talents. In New York they also find the company of many other young people similarly fleeing from the constricting atmosphere of smaller cities.

8. New York is still the banking and communications head- quarters for America. The networks' news centres, the largest book publishers, the biggest magazines, the ad agencies are all here, appraising and ratifying the films, the plays, the music, the books that others have created.

9. Newcomers can find or form their little groups and, though these groups lie close to each other, there is no contact or intercourse between groups. This gives the city its sense of freedom.

10. Despite all the faults of the city, a New Yorker still prefers to live in New York because he prefers the unhealthy hassle and vitany of urban life. What he finds attractive about New York is its rawness, tension, urgency; its bracing competitiveness the rigor of its judgements; and the congested, democratic presence of so many other New Yorkers, encased in their own worlds.

11. It is in fact the first truly international metropolits because here one finds

a much wider mixture of nationalities Asians, Africans, Latins and all varieties of Europeans.

Ⅲ.

1.This article is a piece of expository writing. The main theme or thesis is stated by the title "Loving and Hating New York", or more specifically, by the first sent ence of the last paragraph: “Loving and hating New York becomes a matter of alternating moods, often in the same day. "

2. Griffith develops his main thesis by both objective and emotional description of New York and the life and struggle of New Yorkers. It is very effective. (See the answer to 4.)

3. This article is full of American English terms, phrases and constructions. Such as T-shirt, hassle, plush, holdout, comeback, putdown, measure up, expense-account, etc.

4. The writer states that he both loves and hates New York, but the reader fails to see where or why he hates New York. It is clear that Griffith loves New York and feels exhilarated living there. He may sometimes feel exasperated but this feeling is never strong enough to turn to hate. The writer shows his love for New York with the words such as energy, contention striving, etc.

5. The first five paragraphs act as a general introduction, set- ting forth the present status of New York city in the Unit- ed States and in the eyes of foreigners. The last sentence of paragraph 5 also acts as a transition to the "actual de- scriptions of New York city itself: "the charged, nervous atmosphere, its vulgar dynamism" of the last line of paragraph 5 leads to the "energy, contention, and striving" in the first line of paragraph

6.

6. The topic sentence of paragraph 8 is the first sentence. "Nature~ s pleasures are much qualified in New York. " The writer uses many examples to develop this paragraph and to back up the statement made in the topic sentence.

7. In New York, a shrewd understanding or ability to appraise things is appreciated and paid for, and skill and learning by themselves are not considered valuable. 8. Free. Student’s choice.

Ⅳ.

1. Nowadays New York cannot understand nor follow the taste of the American people.

2. New York boasts that it is a city that resists the prevailing trends (styles, fashion)of America.

3. Situation comedies made in Hollywood and the actual performance of Johnny Carson now replace the scheduled radio

and TV programs for California.

4. New York is regaining somewhat its status as a city that attracts tourists.

5. A person who wins in New York is constantly disturbed by fear and anxiety (because he is afraid of losing what he has won in the fierce competition).

6. The chance to enjoy the pleasures of nature is very limited.

7. At night the city of New York is aglow with lights and seems proudly and haughtily to darken the night sky.

8. But a pure and wholehearted devotion to a Bohemian life style can be exaggerated.

9. In both these roles of banking and communications head- quarters, New York starts or originates very few things but gives its stamp of approval to many things created by people in other parts of the country.

10. The television generation was constantly and strongly influenced by

extravagant promotional advertising.

11. Authors writing long serious novels earn their living in the meantime by also writing articles for popular magazines.

12. Broadway, which seemed unable to resist the cheap, gaudy shows put on in the surrounding areas, is once again busy and active.

13. (If you tell a New Yorker about the vigor of outdoor pleasures, he will reply that) he prefers the unhealthy turmoil and animated life of a city.

14. Those who failed in the struggle of life, the down-and-outs, are not hidden away in slums or ghettoes where other people can't see them.

15. New York constantly irritates and annoys very much but at times it also invigorates and stimulates.

Ⅴ. See the translation of the text.

Ⅵ.

1. holdout: (Americanism) a place that holds out; hold out= continue resistance; stand firm; not yield

2. live: transmitted during the actual performance

3. charged : tense ; intense

4. put-down: (American slang) a belittling remark or crushing retort

5. foothold: a secure position from which it is difficult to be dislodged

6. measure up: (Americanism) prove to be competent or qualified

7. jingle: a verse that jingles; jingling arrangement of words or syllables

8. expense-account. (Americanism) an arrangement whereby certain expenses of an employee in connection with his work are paid for by his employer

9. illustration= a picture, design, diagram, etc. used to decorate or explain something

10. commercial: (radio and TV) a paid advertisement

11. distancing: be reserved or cool toward; treat aloofly

12. democratic: treating persons of all classes in the same way; not snobbish 13, jealous : very watchful or careful in guarding or keeping

14. high-rise: (Americanism) designating or of a tall apartment house, office buil ding, etc., of many stories /(noun) a high-rise building

15. mean: poor in appearance; shabby.

Ⅶ.

1. skyline: noun+ noun=noun Examples: bookcase; teacup; skyrocket; sealskin; sea port ; pigsty

2. pacesetter : noun + verb + er = noun Examples : shareholder ; leaseholder ; pathfinder ; painstaker ;watchmaker

3. trash-strewn : noun + past participle = adjective Examples: homespun; bloodstained; landlocked; henpecked ; homemade

4. international: a combining form+ adjective=adjective Examples: inter

American; interchangeable; interdepartmental ; interplanetary ; intersectional

5. anti-septically : prefix 4-adverb = adverb Examples : preemptively; preeminently; predominantly; prefiguratively ; prehistorically

6. juxtaposition: a combining form+ noun=noun Examples: photochemistry; photocopy; phonograph; telephone ; television

7. NBC: composed of initials N+B+C from National Broadcasting Company Examples: BBC -- British Broadcasting Corporation; NCO -- noncommissioned officer; UN -- United Nations; MIA -- missing in action; PFLI -- Peking Foreign Languages Institute

8. Wasp: an acronym from white Anglo-Saxon protestant Examples: Awacs -- airborne warning and control system (a sophisticated surveillance plane); UFO -- unidentified flying object; Nato -- North Atlantic Treaty Organization; Asean -- Association of South-east Asian Nations; Anzac -- (a soldier in the) Australian and New Zealand Army Corps

9．ad：a shortening of “advertisement” Examples：auto(automobile)；kilo(kilogram)；exam(examination)；gent(gentleman)；pram(perambulator) 1 0．Cabana：a loan word from Spanish Examples：blitz (German)；judo (Japanese)；discontheque (French)；kolkhoz (Russian)；solo (Italian) 11．sitcom：a blend word from “sit(uation)+corn(edy)” Examples：smog—sm(oke)+(f)og；smaze—sm (oke)+(h)aze；brunch—br(eakfast)+(1)unch；moped…mo(tor)+ped(a1)；motel-mo(tor)+ (ho)tel

12．Buick：a trade name for a car Examples：Omega(a watch)；Kodak(a camera)：Boeing(an airplane)；Fiat(a car)；Biro(a ball point pen)

Ⅷ.

1.assert指带着极大的信心，但却没有经客观证实的一种明确的陈述。如：He asserted that man’s nat ure would never change．declare指公开地或者正式地断言，通常是针对反面而言。如：They declared their independence．affirm指在一个人的陈述中隐含着一种极深的说服力，而且不可能为他人所否定。如：I cannot a．所Fill that he was there．

2.fragile隐含着一种结构上的精密，以致于很容易打碎。如a fragile china teacup。brittle隐含着一种僵硬性、无弹性，以致于在重压和打击之下很容易破碎。如：The bones of the body become brittle with age．

3.mix隐含着一种多种事物相}昆合，以致于在其形成的新事物中，不管单个的元素组成部分能否互相区别开来，它们都协调地结合在一起。如to mix paints。mingle通常隐含着在这种结合中，各个单个的元素组成部分能互相区别开来。如mingled feelings of joy and sorrow。merge强调在这种结合过程中单个元素组成部分的差别消失，或者指一种事物完全为另一事物所吸收。如：The companies merged to form a large corporation．4．common用来形容在一个组织或者在一个机构等单位中，为所有的人或者大多数人所能共享的、或者是人们经常碰见的事物，而且还隐含着一种通常性、广泛性，或者一种贬义，一种劣质性。如a common belief，a common car。general隐含着一个类别、一个种类、一个组织中的所有的或者大多数的事物的相互连接，强调一种广泛性。如general unrest among the people。popular隐含着在通常公众的场合或者在人民大众之中的一

种广泛流行的时尚，为人所接受和喜爱。如a popular song。

Ⅸ．Formal Informal

1．pathetic pitiful

2．beget bring into being

3．pristine unspoiled

4．exasperate make angry；irritate

5．congenial agreeable

6．regard with great respect look up to

7．malleable capable 0f being molded

8．proximity closeness

9．exhilarate makecheerful

10．precariously unsafely；uncertainly；unstably

11．tumultuous wild and noisy

12．congested overcrowded

13．metropolis a large city

14．frivolous silly；light—hearted

15．diversity variety

Ⅹ．

1．Hollywood：U．S．motion picture industry or its life

2．Tin Pan Alley：the publishers，writers，and promoters of popular music：center of popular music

3．Madison Avenue：the advertising industry，its practices，influence，etc．4．Fifth Avenue：fashionable shopping center

5. Broadway: the New York commercial theatre or entertainment industry

6. Greenwich Village: center for artists, writers, etc. , in New York

7. Disneyland : (after an amusement center near Los Angeles, created by Walt Disney) a place or condition of unreality, fantasy, incongruity, etc.

8. Wall street: the U. S. money market or the U. S. financiers and their power, influence, policies, etc

Ⅺ.

1. alliteration, metaphor

2. metonymy

3. metaphor, metonymy

4. personification

5. metaphor, synecdoche

6. irony

7. euphemism

8. personification

Ⅻ.

1. This paragraph is taken from Down and Out in Paris and London by George Orwell. In this paragraph he paints the difference between "the filthy little scullery" and the dining room of a Parisian restaunant. He develops his paragraph by a lot of descriptive details and the use of concrete words.

2. This paragraph is taken from 2"he Crisis in Man' s Destiny by Sir Julian Huxley. The main idea is expressed in his topic sentence "Science is exploding

even more violently than population." He combines facts, judgements, and semifactual statements to develop his main idea. He sup- ports his semifactual topic sentence by statistical evidence (physical fact) in sentences 2,3 and 4. In sentence 5 he makes three judgements based on the factual evidence in the paragraph.

3. This paragraph is taken from 7"he Age of Fable by Thomas Bulfinch. The main idea is expressed in the opening topic sentence : "Without a knowledge of mythology much of the elegant literature of our own language cannot be understood and appreciated. " The writer uses multiple examples to develop and illustrate this view.

ⅩⅢ. Omitted.

ⅩⅣ.

The City I Came From

I came from Wenjiang, a town near Chengdu, the capital of Sichuan Province. My hometown is not big, but it is clean and beautiful. She has a nickname, "Willow Town". It deserves the name, I think, as there are many willows on both sides of the streets. I really enjoy them. In spring, you can see the yellowish green shoots. In summer, the leaves grow into bright green, which gives you a cool sense in the hot days. When fall comes, the leaves dry and disappear, and you can see only slim branches, which represent a unique beauty. I regard the willow as the symbol of my hometown. Each time I see it, I will be warmly reminded of my dear hometown.

Now I'd like to mention the food of my hometown, since it is part of Sichuan, which is famous for its food, among other things. Wenjiang people love eating and are good at cooking. Go along the streets, and you will find many snack bars. I'd like to recommend some of the most popular snacks. Sour vicious vermicelli, I think, is the most delicious. Eating it will help you to get rid of the tiredness after a strenuous day. ()nce you have it, your mouth is certain to water whenever you hear its name again. Then, you'd better drink a bowl of beef soup. It is hot indeed. You can see the mixture of oil and pepper floating on the soup. It's the best soup in winter. After you finish it, you will feel warm all through.

In a word, my hometown is worth visiting. There, you can have a good meal while enjoying the beautiful view. Have a try, if you do not believe.

高级英语第三版第一册课后英译汉答案

高级英语第三版第一册课后英译汉答案 Unit1Paraphrase: 1.We’re23feet above sea level. 2.The house has been here since1915,andno hurricane has ever caused any damag e to it. 3.We can make the necessary preparations and survive the hurricane without much damage. 4.Water got into the generator and put it out.It stopped producing electricity,so the lights also went out. 5.Everybody goes out through the back door and runs to the cars! 6.The electrical systems in the car(the battery for the starter)had been put out by w ater. 7.As John watched the water inch its way up the steps,he felt a strong sense of guilt because he blamed himself for endangering the whole family by deciding not to flee i nland. 8.Oh God,please help us to get through this storm safely 9.Grandmother Koshak sang a few words alone and then her voice gradually grew di mmer and finally stopped. 10.Janis displayed the fear caused by the hurricanerather late. 1.每架飞机起飞之前必须经过严格的检查。（check out） Each and every airplane must be checked out thoroughly before taking off. 2.居民坚决反对在附近建立垃圾焚烧厂，因为他们担心工厂排放的气体会污染周围的空气。（waste incineration plant,concerned about） The residents were firmly against the construction of a waste incineration plant in th eir neighborhood because they were deeply concerned about the air pollution emitt ed by the plant. 3.在这个地区，生态工程的投资额高达数十亿。（mount to） In this area,investment in ecological projects mounted up to billions of yuan. 4.干枯的河道里布满了大大小小的石块。（strewn with） The dry riverbed was strewn with rocks of all sizes. 5.虽然战争给这个国家造成巨大的损失，但当地的文化传统并没有消亡。（perish）Although war caused great losses to this country,its local cultural traditi ons did not perish. 6.为了建筑现代化的高楼大厦，许多古老的、具有民族特色的建筑都被拆毁了。（demolish） To make space for modern high rises,a lot of ancient buildings with ethnic cultural fe atures had to be demolished. 7.在地震中多数质量差的房子的主体结构都散架了。（disintegrate） The main structures of most of the poor-quality houses disintegrated in the earthqua ke. 8.他为实现自己的目标付出了最大的努力，但最后美好的梦想还是化为了泡影。

高级英语第六册翻译

Unit 2 A Class Act 1.成长在二战期间战火连天的曼彻斯特意味着生活艰辛，金钱紧缺，整日焦虑不安，当铺成了大多数家庭经常去的地方，当然也包括我家。 2.然而，我不能对已经很有进取心和积极乐观的父母有更多的要求了。他们艰辛地工作，用尊严和快乐来支撑着这个家庭。我强壮而又智慧的父亲几乎无所不能，而且从不缺木匠和手工艺活。为了满足家庭开支，他甚至参加了偶尔在小巷组织的拳击比赛。至于我的母亲，她勤劳节约，极爱干净。即使条件艰苦，在母亲的照料下，她的五个孩子总能吃得饱饱地，穿得干干净净地去学校。 3.尽管我的衣服熨得很平整，鞋子擦得发亮，还是不符合学校的着装标准。尽管妈妈勤俭持家/省吃俭用，想办法为我们做衣服，但是我还是没有学校指定的蓝色校服和帽徽。 4.由于战争，政府实施定量配给制。很多学校都放宽了对学生着装的要求，因为他们知道在那个时候弄到衣服是一件很困难的事情。尽管如此，我所在的女子学校对着装的要求依旧很严格，每个学生必须要穿学校指定的校服。所以，每天主持校会的副校长就把教我一个人如何着装当成了他的工作。 5.虽然我努力地向老师说明我不能遵守的理由，并且事实上，我也在努力地改进，但是每天老师都会把我从队伍中拉出来，然后让我站到台上，作为不穿校服到学校的学生的典型。 6.每天，当我独自一人尴尬地站在同学们的面前时，我都会强忍住泪水。为了惩罚我，老师甚至不允许我参加体操队，也不允许我参加我最喜欢的每周一次的交际舞会。我多么希望在这所可怕的学校里，能有这样一位老师，他会睁开双眼，然后看看我会做什么，而不是不断地告诉我不能做什么。 7.然而，在我十二岁的记忆中，除了接受惩罚我别无选择。不要让我善良的母亲知晓这种惯例的惩罚对我而言是很重要的，我不敢冒险让她来学校为我说情，因为我知道心胸狭隘、不讲情面的教员会同样地使她难堪，那意味着我们俩都会不愉快、会气愤。千万不要啊，如果她告诉我父亲的话，他将会立即为保护我而与老师大打出手。 10.后来有一天，我们家赢得了一个报刊比赛，可以免费照相。当我想到著名好莱坞影星华丽的照片时，我非常兴奋。我迫不及待地想要把这个令人激动的消息告诉我朋友。 9.直到那天，妈妈说我必须穿我最好的浅绿色的镶有蕾丝花边的裙子去学校时，我知道我的想法破灭了，因为拍照正好在课后，而她却没察觉到我所面临的困窘。 10.到了这一天，我漫不经心地穿上了那条珍爱的裙子，心情沉重地拖着脚步去了学校。在校会上，没等到罚站的命令，我就径直地走上了站台，再一次忍受着同辈的嘲笑和副校长的冷眼。 11.当我无数次地想到那个冷酷无情的老师对我的衣服连看都不看一眼，并对下面努力地遵守校规，渴望参与各种活动的我视而不见时，委屈的泪水忍不住的想流下来。 12.校会结束以后，第一节课是英国文学，这是我最喜欢的一门课，上课的老师是我最喜欢的老师。为了能使我的内心平静下来，我安慰自己至少我还能在教室的后面享受品读查尔斯·狄更斯的《双城记》。当我还在假想的时候，却突然上课了，迈克·维让我坐到教室的前面，难道迈克·维已经加入了敌方阵营？

高级英语第六课Blackmail译文

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3)四川话和湖北话很相似，有时很难区别。 4)一看见纪念碑就想起了在战斗中死去的好友。 5)他陷入沉思之中，没有例会同伴们在谈些什么。 6)他干的事与她毫无关系。 7)她睡不着觉，女儿的病使她心事重重。 8)这件事长期以来一直使我放心不下。 9)他喜欢这些聚会，喜欢与年轻人交往并就各种问题交换意见。 10)大家在几分钟以后才领悟他话中的含义。 11)土壤散发着青草的气味。 12)我可以占用你几分钟时间吗？ 13)你能匀出一张票子给我吗？ 14)那个回头发上了年纪的人是铜匠。 Lesson 4 Everyday Use for your grandmama 1.一场大火把贫民区三百多座房子夷为平地。 2.只要你为人正直，不怕失去什么，那你对任何人都不会畏惧。

(完整word版)高级英语第1册1234614课修辞练习含答案(第三版),推荐文档

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