2019.12四级真题三套全

2015 年 12 月大学英语四级考试真题(第一套)

PartⅠWriting (30 minutes)

Directions：For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to a foreign friend who wants to teach English in China。Please recommend a city to him。You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words。

Part ⅡListening Comprehension ( 30 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause .During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C, and D. and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer .Sheet I with a single line through the center.

Questions l and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.

1. A) Many facilities were destroyed by a wandering cow.

B) A wandering cow knocked down one of its fences.

C) Some tourists were injured by a wandering cow.

D) A wandering cow was captured by the police.

2. A) It was shot to death by a police officer.

B) It found its way back to the park

C) It became a great attraction for tourists.

D) It was sent to the animal control department.

Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.

3. A) It is the largest of its kind.

B) It is going to be expanded.

C) It is displaying more fossil specimens.

D) It is staring an online exhibition.

4. A) A collection of bird fossils from Australia.

B) Photographs of certain rare fossil exhibits.

C) Some ancient wall paintings from Australia.

D) Pictures by winners of a wildlife photo.

Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.

5. A) Pick up trash.

B) Amuse visitors.

C) Deliver messages.

D) Play with children.

6. A) They are especially intelligent.

B) They are children

C) They are quite easy to tame.

D) They are clean and pretty.

7. A) Children may be harmed by the rooks.

B) Children may be tempted to drop litter.

C) Children may contract bird diseases.

D) Children may overfeed the rooks.

Section B

Directions ...In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C. and D .Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the center.

Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

8. A) It will be produced at Harvard University.

B) It will be hosted by famous professors.

C) It will cover different areas of science.

D) It will focus on recent scientific discoveries.

9. A) It will be more futuristic.

B) It will be more systematic.

C) It will be more entertaining.

D) It will be easier to understand.

10. A) People interested in science.

B) Youngsters eager to explore.

C) Children in their early teens.

11. A) Offer professional advice.

B) Provide financial support.

C) Help promote it on the Internet.

D) Make episodes for its first season.

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

12. A) Unsure.

B) Helpless.

C) Concerned.

D) Dissatisfied.

13. A) He is too concerned with being perfect.

B) He loses heart when faced with setbacks.

C) He is too ambitious in achieving goals.

D) He takes on projects beyond his ability.

14. A) Embarrassed.

B) Unconcerned.

C) Miserable.

D) Resentful.

15. A) Try to be optimistic whatever happens.

B) Compare his present with his past only.

C) Always learn from others

D) Treat others the way he would be treated.

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times.When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have justheard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.

16. A) They have a stronger sense of social responsibility.

B) They are more likely to succeed in the humanities.

C) They are more likely to become engineers.

D) They have greater potential to be leaders.

17. A) Praise girls who like to speak up frequently.

B) Encourage girls to solve problems on their own.

C) Insist that boys and girls work together more.

D) Respond more positively to boys comments.

18. A) Offer personalized teaching materials.

B) Provide a variety of optional courses.

C) Place great emphasis on test scores.

D) Pay extra attention to top students.

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.

19. A) It often rains cats and dogs.

B) It seldom rains in summer time.

C) It does not rain as much as people think.

D) It is one of the most rainy cities in the US.

20. A) They drive most of the time.

B) The rain is usually very light.

C) They have got used to the rain.

D) The rain comes mostly at night.

21. A) It has a lot of places for entertainment.

B) It has never seen thunder and lighting.

C) It has fewer cloudy days than any other coastal city.

D) It has mild weather both in summer and in winter.

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.

22. A) It occurs when people are doing a repetitive activity.

B) It results from exerting one

C) It happens when people engage in an uncommon activity.

D) It comes from staining one

23. A) Blood flow and body heat increase in the affected area.

B) Body movements in the affected area become difficult.

C) They begin to make repairs immediately.

D) They gradually become fragmented.

24. A) About one week.

B) About two days.

C) About ten days.

D) About four weeks.

25. A) Apply muscle creams.

B) Drink plenty of water.

C) Have a hot shower.

D) Take pain-killers..

Part ⅢReading Comprehension(40 minutes)

Section A

Directions : In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word foreach blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank isidentified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the center.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.

When travelling overseas, do you buy water in plastic bottles or take your chances with tap water? lmagine you are wandering about on a Thai island or _26_ the ruins of Angkor.It’s hot so you grab a bottle of water from a local vendor It is the safe, sane thing to do, right? The bottle _27 _, and the label says “pure water”, but maybe what inside is not so _28_ . Would you still be drinking it if you knew that more than 90 percent of all bottled water sold around the wor_29_microplastics?

That's the conclusion of a recently _30_ study, which analyzed 259 bottles from 11 brands sold in nine countries, _31_ an average of 325 plastic particles per liter of water. These microplastics included a_32_ commonly known as PET and are widely used in the manufacture of clothing and food and _33_ containers. The study was conducted at the State University of New York on behalf of Orb Media, a journalism organization. About a million bottles are bought every minute, not only by thirsty tourists but also by many of the 2.1 billion worldwide who live with unsafe drinking water.

Confronted with this _34_ several bottled -water manufacturers including Nestle and Coco-Cola undertook their own studies using the same methodology. These studies showed that their water did contain microplastics, but far less than the Orb study suggested. Regardless, the World Health Organization has now launched a review into the__35_health risks of drinking water from plastic bottles.

A) adequate F) instant

B) admiring

G) liquid

C) contains

H) modified

M) sealed

D) defending

I) natural

E) evidence

J) potential

O) substance

K) released L) revealing N) solves

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. ldentify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

The Quiet Heroism of Mail Delivery

[A] On Wednesday, a polar wind brought bitter cold to the Midwest. Overnight, Chicago reached a low of 21 degrees Fahrenheit below zero, making it slightly colder than Antarctica, Alaska, and the North Pole. Wind chills were 64 degrees below zero in Park Rapids, Minnesota, and 45 degrees below zero in Buffalo, North Dakota, according to the Nalionial Weather Service. Schools, restaurants, and businesses closed,. and more than

1.000 flights have been canceled.

[B] Even the United States Postal Service (USPS) suspended mail delivery temporarily Due to this arctic outbreak and concerns for the safety of USPS employees, USPS announced Wednesday morning the Postal Service is s u spending delivery Jan30 in the following 3-digit 71P Code locations Twelve regions were listed as unsafe on Wednesday; on Thursday, eight remained.

[C] As global surface temperatures increase, S0 does the likelihood of extreme weather. In 2018 alone, wildfires, volcanic eruptions. hurricanes, mudslides, and other natural disasters cost at least $49 billion in the United States. As my colleague Vann Newkirk reported, Puerto Rico is still confronting economic and structural destruction and resource scarcity from 2057Hurricane Maria. Natural disasters can wreck a community's infrastructure, disrupting systems for months or years. Some services; however, remind us that life will eventually return, in some form, to normal.

[D] Days after the deadly 2017wildfires in Santa Rosa, California, a drone caught footage of a USPS worker, Trevor Smith, driving through burned homes in that familiar while van, collecting mail in an affected area: The video is striking: The operation is familiar, but the 'scene looks like the end of the world According to Rae Ann Haight, the program manager for the national-preparedness office at USPS, Smith was fulfilling a request made by some of the home owners to pick up any mail that was let untouched For Smith this was just another day on the job I followed my route like I normally do, Smith told a reporter. “As l'd come across a box that was up but with no house, I checked, and there was mail- - outgoing mail -in it. And so we picked those up and carried on..

[E] USPS has sophisticated emergency plans for natural disasters. Across the country; 285 emergency- management teams are devoted to crisis control. These teams are trained annually using a framework known as the three Ps: people, property, product. After mail service stops due to weather, the agency's top priority is ensuring that employees are safe. Then it evaluates the health of infrastructure, such as the roads that mail carriers drive on. Finally, it decides when and how to re-open operations. the destruction is extreme, mail addressed to the area 'will get sent elsewhere. In response to Hurricane Katrina in 2005, USPS redirected incoming New Orleans mail lo existing mail facilities in Houston. Mail that was already processed in New Orleans facilities was moved to an upper floor so it would be protected from water damage.

[F] As soon as it's safe enough to be outside, couriers start distributing accumulated mail on the still- accessible routes. USPS urges those with outstanding addresses to file change-of- address forms. with their new location. After Hurricane Katrina hit in 2005, mail facilities were set up in dozens of other locations across the country in the two weeks that USPS was unable to provide street delivery.

[G] Every day, USPS processes, on average, 493.4 million pieces of mail anything from postcards to Social Security checks to medicine. Spokespeople from both USPS and UPS told me all mail is important. But some mail can be extremely sensitive and timely. According to data released in January 2017, 56percent of bills are paid online, which means that just under half of payments still rely on delivery services to be completed.

[H] lt can be hard to identify which parcels are carrying crucial items such as Social Security checks, but USPS and UPS try their best to prioritize sensitive material. They will coordinate with the Social Security Administration to make sure that Social Security checks reach the right people in a timely fashion. After Hurricane Florence and Hurricane Michael last fall, USPS worked with state and local election boards to make sure that absentee ballots were available and received on time.

[I] Mail companies are logistics companies, which puts them in a special position to help when disaster strikes. In a 2011 USPS case study, the agency emphasized its massive infrastructure unique federal asset" to be called upon in a disaster or terrorist attack .I think were unique as a federal agency USPS official Mike Swigart told me, because we're in literally every community in this country .... We're obligated to deliver to that point on a daily basis.

[J] Private courier companies, which have more dollars to spend, use their expertise in logistics to help revitalize damaged areas after a disaster.. For more than a decade, FedEx has supported the American Red Cross in its effort to get emergency supplies to areas affected by disasters, both domestically and internationally. In 2012, the company distributed more than 1,200 MedPacks to Medical Reserve Corps groups in California, and donated space for 3.1 million pounds of charitable shipping globally. Last October, the company pledged $1 million in cash and transportation support for Hurricanes Florence and

Michael. UPS's charitable arm, the UPS Foundation, uses the company's logistics to help disaster-struck areas rebuild We realize that as a company with people, trucks, warehouses, we needed to play a larger role," said Eduardo Martinez, the president of the UPS Foundation. The company employs its trucks and planes to deliver food, medicine, and water. The day before I spoke to Martinez November, he had been touring the damage from Hurricane Michael in Florida with the American Red Cross. 'We have an obligation to make sure our communities are thriving, prosperous, said.

[K] Rebuilding can take a long time, and even then, impressions of the disaster may still remain. Returning to a sense of normalcy can be difficult, but some small routing delivery being one of them- -may help residents remember that their communities are still their communities then they see that carrier back out on the street Swigart said, that's the first sign to them that life is starting to return to normal::

36. The United States Postal Service has a system to ensure its employees safety.

37. One official says USPS is unique in that it has more direct reach to communities compared with the federal agencies

38. Natural disasters can have a long-lasting impact on community life.

39. Mail delivery service i$ still responsible for the completion of almost half of payments.40. The sight of a mailman on the street is a reassuring sign of life becoming normal again.

40. The sight of a mailman on the street is a reassuring sign of lifebecoming normal again.

41. After Hurricane Katrina interrupted routine delivery, temporary mail service points were set up.

42. Postal service in some regions in the U.S. was suspended due to extreme cold weather.

43. Private postal companies also support disaster relief efforts by distributing urgent supplies.

44. A dedicated USPS employee was on the job carrying out duties in spite of extreme conditions.

45. Postal services work hard to identify items that require priority treatment.

section c

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

Professor Ashok Goel of Georgia Tech developed an artificially intelligent teaching assistant to help handle the enormous number of student questions in the online class, Knowledge Based Artificial Intelligence. This online course is a core requirement of Georgia Tech's online Master of Science in Computer Science program.. Professor Goel already had 8 teaching assistants, but that enough to deal with the overwhelming number of questions from students.

Many students drop out of online courses because of the lack of teaching support. When students feel isolated or confused and reach out with questions that go unanswered, their motivation to continue begins to fade. Professor Goel decided to do something to remedy this situation and his solution was to create a virtual assistant named Jill Watson, which is based on the IBM Watson platform.

Goel and his team developed several versions of Jill Watson before releasing her to the online forums At first, the virtual assistant wasn’t too great. But Goel and his team sourced the online discussion forum to find all 40,000 questions that had ever been asked since the class was launched. Then they began to feed Jill the questions and answers. After some adjustment and sufficient time, Jill was able to answer the students' questions correctly 97% of the time. The virtual assistant became so advanced and realistic that the students didn’t know she was a computer. The students, who were studying artificial intelligence, were interacting with artificial intelligence and couldn’t tell it apart from a real human being. Goel 'didn’t inform them about Ji ll’s true identity until April 26. The students were actually very positive about the experience.

The goal of Professor Goels virtual assistant next year is to take over answering 40% of all questions posed by students on the online forum. The name, Jill Watson, will of course, change to something else next semester. Professor Goel has a much rosier outlook on the future of Al than say, Elon Musk, Stephen Hawking, Bill Cates or Steve Wozniak.

46. What do we learn about Knowledge- Based Artificial Intelligence?

A) lt is a robot that can answer student questions.

B) lt is a course designed for students to learn online.

C) lt is a high-tech device that revolutionizes teaching.

D) lt is a computer program that aids student learning.

47. What problem did Professor Goel meet with?

A) His students were unsatisfied with the assistarts.

B) His course was too difficult for the students.

C) Students questions were too many to handle.

D) Too many students dropped out of his course.

48. What do we learn about Jill Watson?

A) She turned out to be a great success.

B) She got along pretty well with students.

C) She was unwelcome to students at first.

D) She was released online as an experiment.

49. How did the students feel about Jill Watson?

A) They thought she was a bit too artificial.

B) They found her not as capable as expected.

C) They could not but admire her knowledge.

D) They could not tell her from a real person.

50 What does Professor Goel plan to do next with Jill Watson?

A) Launch different versions of her online.

B) Feed her with new questions and answers.

C) Assign her to answer more of students

D) Encourage students to interact with her more freely.

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

Thinking small, being engaging, and having a sense of humor don't hurt. Those are a few of the traits of successful science crowdfunding efforts that emerge from a recent study that examined nearly 400campaigns. But having a large network and some promotional skills may be more crucial.

Crowdfunding, raising money for a project through online appeals, has taken off in recent years for everything from making movies to building water-saving gadgets. Scientists have tried to tap Internet donors, too, with mixed success. Some raised more than twice their goal, but others have fallen short o1reaching more modest targets.

To determine what separates science crowdfunding triumphs from failures, a team led by science communications scholar Mike Schfer of the University of Zurich in Switzerland examined the content of the Web Pages for 371 recent campaigns.

Four traits stood out for those that achieved their goals, the researchers report in Public Understanding of Science For one, they use a crowdfunding platform that specializes in raising money for science, and not just any kind of project. Although sites like Kickstarter take all comers, platforms such as Experiment. Medstartr., and https://www.wendangku.net/doc/f112884128.html, only present scientific projects. For another they

present the project with a funny video because good visuals and a sense of humor improved success. Most of them engage with potential donors since projects. that answered questions from interested donors and posted lab notes fared better. And they target a small amount of money. The projects

included in the study raised $4000 on average, with 309 of projects receiving less than $1000. The more money a project sought, the lower the chance it reached its goal, the researchers Found.

Other factors may also significantly influence a project's success, most notably, the size of a scientist's personal and professional networks, and how much a researcher promotes a project on his other own. Those two factors are by far more critical than the content on the page. Crowdfunding can be part of researchers efforts to reach the public, and people give because they feel a connection to the person" who is doing the fundraising not necessarily to the science.

51. What do we learn about the scientists trying to raise money online for their projects?

A) They did not raise much due to modest targets.

B) They made use of mixed fundraising strategies.

C) Not all of them achieved their anticipated goals.

D) Most of them put movies online for the purpose.

52. What is the purpose of Mike Sche research of recent crowdfunding campaigns?

A) To create attractive content for science websites.

B) To identify reasons for their different outcomes.

C) To help scientists to launch innovative projects.

D) To separate science projects from general ones.

53. What trait contributes to the success of a crowdfunding campaign?

A) The potential benefit to future generations

B) lt’s interaction with prospective donors.

C) lt’s originality in addressing financial issues

D) The value of the proposed project.

54. What did the researchers think of the financial targets of crowdfunding projects?

A) They should be small to be successful.

B) They should be based on actual needs.

C) They should be assessed with great care.

D) They should be ambitious to gain notice.

55. What motivates people to donate in a crowdfunding campaign?

A) The ease of access to the content of the webpage.

B) Their desire to contribute to the cause of science.

C) The significance and influence of the project itself.

D) Their feeling of connection to the scientists themselves.

Part IV Translation (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer. on Answer. Sheet 2.

中国家庭十分重视孩子的教育。许多父母认为应该努力工作，确保孩子受到良好的教育。他们不仅非常情愿为孩子的教育投资，而且花很多时间督促他们学习。多数家长希望孩子能上名牌大学。由于改革开放，越来越多的家长能送孩子到国外学习或参加国际交流项目，让其拓宽视野。通过这些努力，他们期望孩子健康成长，为国家的发展和繁荣做出贡献。

2015 年12 月大学英语四级考试真题(第二套)

Part ⅠWriting （30 minutes）

Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to a foreign friend who wants to teach English in China. Please recommend a city to him. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

Part ⅡListening Comprehension （25 minutes）

Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A）, B）, C）and D）. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.

1. A) The number of nurses has dropped to a record 1low.

B) There is a growing shortage of medical personnel.

C) There is discrimination against male nurses.

D) The number of male nurses has gone down..

2. A) Cultural bias.

B) Inadequate pay.

C) Educational system.

D) Working conditions.

Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.

3. A) He fell out of a lifeboat.

B) He lost his way on a beach.

C) He was almost drowned.

D) He enjoyed swimming in the sea.

4. A) The beach is a popular tourist resort.

B) The emergency services are efficient.

C) The beach is a good place to watch the tide.

D) The lifeboats patro1 the area round the clock.

Questions5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.

5. A) It became an online star.

B) It broke into an office room.

c) It escaped from a local zoo.

D) It climbed 25 storeys at one go.6.

A) Send it back to the zoo.

B) Release it into the wild.

c) Return it to its owner.

D) Give it a physical checkup.

7. A) A raccoon can perform acts no human can.

B) A raccoon can climb much higher than a cat.

C) The raccoon became as famous as some politicians

D) The raccoon did something no politician could.

Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear two long comversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer fRom the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

8. A) She got a well-paying job in a bank.

B) She received a bonus unexpectedly.

C She received her first monthly salary.

D) She got a pay raise for her performance.

9. A) Several years ago.

B) Two decades ago.

C) Right after graduation.

D) Just last month.

10. A) He sent a small check to his parents.

B) He took a few of his friends to a gym.

C) He immediately deposited it in a bank.

D) He treated his parents to a nice meal.11.

A) Buy some professional clothes.

B) Budget her salary carefully.

C) Join her colleagues for gym exercise.

D) Visit her former university campus.

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

12. A) He has a difficult decision to make.

B) He has been overworked recently.

C) He has just quarreled with his girlfriend.

D) He has just too many things to attend to.

13. A) Give priority to things more urgent.

B) Tum to his girlfriend for assistance.

C) Think twice before making the decision.

D) Seek advice from his family and advisor.

14. A) His parents and advisor have different opinions.

B) He is not particularly keen on the job offered.

C) He lacks the money for his doctoral program.

D) His girlfriend does not support his decision.

15. A) They need time to make preparations.

B) They need to save enough money for it.

C) They haven't started their careers yet.

D) They haven't won their parents approval.

Section C

Directions: Iп this section, you will hear three passages. At the end O each passage,

you will hear three or" four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer: from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.

16. A) Acquiring information and professiona1 knowledge.

B) Using information to understand and solve problems.

C) Enriching social and intellectual lives.

D) Expressing ideas and opinions freely.

17. A) Improving mind-reading strategies.

B) Reading classic scientific literature.

C) Playing games that challenge one's mind.

D) Traveling to different places in the world.

18. A) Give others freedom to express themselves.

B) Expose themselves to different cultures.

C) Discard personal biases and prejudices.

D) Participate in debates or discussions.

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.

19. A) The nature of relationships between dogs.

B) The reason a great many people love dogs.

c) Why dogs can be faithful friends of humans.

D) How dogs feel about their bonds with humans.

20. A) They have an unusual sense of responsibility.

B) They can respond to humans questions.

C) They can fall in love just like humans.

D) They behave like other animals in many ways.

21. A) They have their own joys and sorrows.

B) They experience true romantic love.

c) They help humans in various ways.

D) They stay with one partner for life.

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.

22. A) A cow bone.

B) A rare animal.

C) A historical site.

D) A precious stone.

23. A) Measuring it.

B) Preserving it.

C) Dating it.

D) Identifying it.

24. A) The site should have been protected.

B) The boy's family had acted correctly.

C) The boy should have called an expert.

D) The channel needs to interview the boy.

25. A) Search for similar fossils elsewhere.

B) Ask the university to reward Jude.

C) Conduct a more detailed search.

D) Seek additional funds for the search.

Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension （40 minutes）

Section A

Finally, some good news about airplane traverl. If you are on a plane with a sick passenger, you are unlikely to get sick. That is the 26 of a new study that looked at how respiratory（呼吸道）viruses 27 on airplanes. Researchers found that only people who were seated in

individual –had a high risk of catching the illness. All other passengers had only a very 28 chance of getting sick ,according to the findings. Media reports have not necessarily presented 29 information about the risk of getting infected on an airplane in the past. Therefore , these new findings should help airplane passengers to feel less 30 to catching respiratory infections while traveling by air.

Prior to the new study, litter was known about the risks of getting 31 infected by common respiratory viruses, such as the flu or common cold, on an airplane, the researchers said. So, to 32 the risks of infection, the study team flew on 10 different 33 in the U.S. 34 side of a person infected with flu, as well as those sitting one roe in front of or behind this individual, had about an 80 person chance of getting sick. But other passengers were 35 safe from infection. They had a less than 3 percent chance of catching the flu.

A）accurate

B）conclusion

C）directly

D）either

E）evaluate

F）explorations

G）flights

H）largely

I）nearby

J）respond

K）slim

L）spread

M）summit

N）vividly

O） vulnerable

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

A South Korean city designed for the future takes on a life of its own

A） Getting around a city is one thing — and then there’s the matter of getting from one city to another. One vision of the perfect city of the future: a place that offers easy access to air travel.

In 2011, a University of North Carolina business professor named John Kasarda published a book called Aerotropolis: The Way We’ll Live Next. Kasarda says future cities should be built intentionally around or near airports. The idea, as he has put it, is to offer businesses “rapid, long-distance connectivity on a massive scale.”

B）“The 18th century really was a waterborne （水运的） century, the 19th century a rail century. the 20th century a highway, car, truck century一and the 21st century will increasingly be an aviation century, as the globe becomes increasingly connected by air,”Kasarda says. Songdo, a city built from scratch in South Korea, is one of Kasarda’s prime examples. It has existed for just a few years.“ From the get-go, it was designed on the basis of

connectivity and competitiveness,”says Kasada. “The government

built the bridge directly from the airport to the Songdo

International Business District. And the surface infrastructure was built in tandem with the new airp ort.”

C） Songdo is a ston e’s throw from South Korea’s Incheon Airport, its main international hub （枢纽）. But it takes a lot more than a nearby airport to be a city of the future. Just building a place as an “international business district”doesn’t mean it will become one. Park Yeon Soo conceived （构想） this city of the future back in 1986. He considers Songdo his baby. “I am a visionary,” he says. Thirty years after he imagined the city, Park’s baby is close to 70 percent built, with 36.000 people living in the business district and

90,000 residents in greater Songdo. It’s about an hour outside Seoul, built on reclaimed tidal flats along the Yellow Sea, There’s a Coast Guard building and a tall trade tower, as well as a park,

golf course and university.

D） Chances are you’ve actually seen this place. Songdo appears in the most famous music video ever to come ou of South Korea. “Gangnam Style” refers to the fashionable Gangnam district in Seoul. But some of the video was filmed in Songdo.“I don’t know if you remember, there was a scene in a subway station. That was not Gangnam. That was actually Songdo,” says Jung Won Son, a professor of urban development at London’s Bartlett School of Planning, “Part of the reason to shoot there is that it’s new and nice.”

E） The city was supposed to be a hub for global companies, with employees from all over the world. But hat’s not how it has turned out. Songdo’s reputation is as a futuristic ghost town. But the reality is more complicated. A bridge with big, light-blue loops leads into the business district. In the center of the main road, there’s a long line of flags of the world. On the corner, there’s a Starbucks and a 7-Eleven--all of the international brands that you see all over the world nowadays.

F） The city is not empty. There are mothers pushing strollers, old women with walkers -- even in the middle of the day. when it’s 90 degrees out. Byun Young-Jin chairs the Songdo real estate association and started selling property here when the first phase of the city opened in 2005. He says demand has boomed in the past couple of years. Most of his clients are Korean. In fact, the developer says, 99 percent of the homes here are sold to Koreans. Young families move here because the schools are great. And that’s the problem: Songdo has become a popular Korean city 一more popular as a residential area than a business one. It’s not yet the futuristic international business hub that planners imagined. “It’s a great place to live. And it’s becoming a great place to work,” says Scott Summers, the vice president of Gale International, the developer of the city. The floor-to-ceiling windows of his company’s offices overlook Songdo Central Park, with a canal full of kayaks and paddle boats. Shimmering （闪烁的）glass towers line the canal’s edge.

G）“What’s happened is, because we focused on creating that

quality of life first, which enabled the residents to live here, what has probably missed the mark is for companies to locate here,” he

says. “There needs to be strong economic incentiv es.” The city is still unfinished, and it feels a bit like a theme park. It doesn’t feel all that futuristic. There’s a high-tech underground trash disposal system. Buildings are environmentally friendly. Everybody’s television set is connected to a system that streams personalized language or exercise classes.

H） But Star Trek this is not. And to some of the residents, Songdo feels hollow. “I’m, like, in prison for weekdays. That’s what we call it in the workplace,” says a woman in her 20s. She doesn’t want to use her name for fear of being fired from her job. She goes back to Seoul every weekend. “I say I’m prison-breaking on Friday nights.” But she has to make the prison break in her own car. There’s no high-speed train connecting Songdo to Seoul, just over 20 miles away.

I） The man who first imagined Songdo feels frustrated. too. Park says he built South Korea a luxury vehicle, “like Mercedes or BMW. It’s a good car now. But we’re waiting for a good driver to accelerate.”

But there are lots of other good cars out there, too. The world is dotted with futuristic, high-tech cities trying to attract the biggest international companies

J）Songdo’s backers contend that it’s still early, and business space is filling up—about 70 percent of finished offices are now occupied. Brent Ryan, who teaches urban design at MIT, says Songdo proves a universal principle. “There have been a lot of utopian （乌托邦的） cities in history. And the reason we don’t know about a lot of them is that a lot of them have vanished entirely.” In other words, when it comes to cities—or anything else—it is hard to predict the future.

36. Songdo’s popularity lies more in its quality of life than its business attraction.

37. The man who conceives Songdo feels disappointed because it has fallen short of his expectations.

38. A scene in a popular South Korean music video was shot in Songdo.

39. Songdo still lacks the financial stimulus for businesses to set up shop there.

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