颗粒包装机药物自动包装中英文对照外文翻译文献

中英文对照外文翻译

(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)

药物的自动包装装置

1．发明的技术领域

最新的发明是一个药物包装仪器。它能在每次使用的时候单独给予药物包装。就好像医院和药房等使用的用于药片包装，粉末状药物包装的仪器。更特别的是这个仪器拥有区分同一药品货架上的储存类药品：如药片，胶囊。

2. 背景技术的描述

众所周知，传统的药物包装装置以种类为基础进行药品分类，并将药物吸纳在药剂容器中而且任何一个多元化的货架都与每个容器的药物有关。这种类型的药物包装装置，根据每个货架的货架号，将所需的药物从相应的药剂容器中取出，并进行包装。

例如，日本已审核专利号1-14081公开的一种药物的自动包装装置，在该装置中的代码都被分配给各自的药剂容器，并通过操作装置上的一个操作键，将所需的药物放在预定的位置进行选择。

日本已审核专利号3-41208公开了一种片剂的供给装置，根据装置中每片的识别信息来确定位置信息，指定所需的片馈线和相应的片剂供给。

日本已审核专利号2-933837公开了一种药剂包装装置，一旦安装药剂容器，装置将读取它的医药数据并存储它的链接地址。所以，根据每个药物的链接地址，可以达到所需的药物供应和包装的目的。

然而，在上述传统的药物包装装置中，尚未充分考虑在交换药物容器上的可操作性。换句话说，虽然每个药物的本身的信息是很重要的，但通过使用维护屏幕会

改变药物货架编号，当然它是不可能直接改变每个货架号码和相应的药剂的匹配的。在实际情况下，作为一名药剂师，需要知道每一个架子和相应的药物之间的对应关系，而这严重的加强了操作者的负担。此外，操作维护屏幕也是复杂的，而且往往会造成输入的错误，其结果是导致药剂师的药物的配给和包装过程变得困难。此外，它也使药剂师难以精确地操作从相应的货架上安装或者拆卸一个药剂容器这一过程。正式因为如此，才更需要一个能区分出现在一个区域内药物的药物包装装置，以此来说明哪些药物是附属的，哪些药物是单独使用的。

特别的，在一个小尺寸的药物包装装置中，由于有的药剂供给架上的药剂容器是很小的，而药剂容器的交换是经常进行的，从而导致从药架上拿取药剂容器的时候会产生较高的错误率。

发明内容：

因此，本发明的一个目的是发明一种药物包装装置并使它可以进行额外的操作，比如在药剂包装操作期间可以进行拆卸和交换药物容器。

为了实现上述目标，本发明的药物包装装置，其中各种药按各自种类分别连接到一个多元化的货架上，这是为了方便从相应的药物容器中供应和包装相应的药物，包括一个存储单元，用于存储各自货架和安置药品的各种药物容器的各种号码。一个控制单元，用于控制存储单元存储药物所在药物容器和安装有药物容器的货架的对应关系，以及用于擦出从所述存储单元中对应关系后，药物容器从货架上拆卸这一过程。

有了这项安排，仅仅从各自的货架上安装或拆卸药剂容器，将不会影响货架号码和相应的药品之间的关系。因此就有可能进行附加的操作，比如在药品包装操作过程中拆换药物容器。出于这个原因，即使在各种药品的数目超过现有的货架数的这种情况下，它通过在包装过程中交换药物容器也能处理这样的情况。

此外，当一个显示货架编号和存放药物的部件之间关系或者货架编号和药物取出部件之间关系的显示元件被添加到该装置中，它使确认从各自的货架部分安装和拆卸药物容器这一操作变得可能。这样的安排使操作者有可能防止在进行安装和拆卸过程中发生混淆。

在这种安排下，显示单元循序显示有药物容器的货架部分的货架数量，包括含有处方药的货架的货架部分的数据连接和非处方药货架的货架部分的数据连接，使货架部分的药物容器很容易指定更换变得可能，提高了可操作性。

在药物容器中添加检测元件，可以检测一个药物容器货架上的部分是存在或者缺失，进一步的添加这一安排，根据药剂容器检测单元的检测信号，控制单元命令显示单元显示药物容器是连接在货架上还是已从货架上拆卸掉了。因此，它可以自动地检测药物容器的安装和拆卸操作，并因此而提高了可操作性，同时防止错误的安装操作。

在这种情况下，根据要记得识别信息读出单元的检测信号并从一种药物的识别信息读出单元，该读取识别信息对应的药物是在装有药物容器的货架中，进一步添加这一安排，根据从医学识别信息读取单元而产生的检测信号，控制单元，使显示单元显示对应的药物和部分货架的货架编号。因此，它能够自动识别各种药物，从而进一步的提高可操作性。

附图说明附图

从下面的详细描述，本发明的其它目的和特征将变得更加清楚，参照附图中：图1是一方框图，示出的药剂包装装置的结构的图;

图2是一个曲线图，示出在药品主文件的存储的内容;

图3是一个流程图，表示药剂包装操作过程;

图4显示屏幕上的“处方数据输入”;

图5示出了屏幕“药容器安装/拆卸”的过程;

图6示出了显示的货架号码，分离的药物和连接的药物;

图7示出了“药剂容器安装/拆卸”过程中进行的，根据处方数据的屏幕;

图8是一个流程图，示出根据第一实施例的安装/拆卸过程中的药剂容器;

图9是一个流程图，表示按照第二个实施例的安装/拆卸过程中的药剂容器。

具体实施方式

图1显示了根据本发明的第一个实施方式的药物包装装置。这种药物包装装置包括一个供给装置（单元1），一个包装装置（单元2），一个显示装置（单元3）例如液晶显示器或者CRT（阴极射线管）显示器，一个输入装置（单元4）例如键盘鼠标或者触摸面板，和一个存储装置（单元5）例如硬盘或者闪速存储器，以及作为一个整体的由一个中央处理单元（CPU）控制的药物包装装置（单元6），在此，参考编号11表示一个主计算机。

药品供应装置（单元1）中设有一些药及容器，用于容纳药物，如片剂和胶囊，而且有许多能从其中可以自由安装和拆卸药剂容器的供给架。此外，手动药剂供给

单元（未显示）也为提供没有药剂容器的药物做了准备。药剂供给和对应的货架部分是已指定的，以便于在每个应用程序的时间内通过提供的药物包装装置从药剂容器中选择指定数目的药物。在此，供药架可以被做成各种形状，例如平面形状和圆筒状。

药物包装装置（单元2）是从包装纸卷筒截取的一段有热融合性能的印有药物效期包装纸为基础，并且根据包装袋含有的药物量来决定的包装的长度和宽度尺寸。

显示单元（3）和输入单元（4）用于操作输入整个药物包装装置的操作，输入处方数据和各种主文件，例如药物主文件的操作。

显示单元（3）在屏幕上显示一个处方数据和一个药物容器的安装和拆卸过程。

如图4所示，处方数据通过安装在中央处理单元（CPU）的一个日历时钟输入屏幕显示目前的日期作为药物制造的时期。所需的处方数据有操作者（药剂师）输入到框下面的病人号码。例如，当键盘输入的病人号码“9803 8671”，相应的病人的名字（假名字符，中文字符），性别（男=1，女=2）和出生日期（名称的时代：明治=1，大正=2，昭和=3，平成=4）读取病人的主文件，并显示出来。就年龄方面来说，通过目前的日期和出生日期来计算相应的年龄并显示。医生开出的处方的日期就是处方日期。虽然目前的日期是优先显示的，但是任何所需的日期可以覆盖和输入其中。当代码被输入到各自的医疗机构中，医疗部，医生，病房和处方室等各自的名称数据将被从相应的各种主文件中读取并显示出来。例如当“01”是被输入到医疗保健部分的代码，“内科”被显示出来。门诊/住院（门诊=1，住院=2）是一个病人的分类代码。“药交换卡”，即通过门诊会计处理完成后，所需交纳的费用数目。由于这个例子显示了门诊处方，住院使用处的病房代码和病房号吗是空白的。

将一个药品和应用相结合的“处方”的序列号输入到表格“处方号”处。关于“处方”，其中多数可以输入。然后，药物包装主要基于“处方”，就是说，药物包装的基础是在处方号数据的基础上进行的。“代码”框是用来输入药品代码或应用程序代码。当这些代码被输入时候，颈丛药品主文件或者应用程序主文件中读取各称数据冰心是初恋。虽然“代码”框通常用于输入药品代码（例如，“标签.A”），当在框的头部输入“/”符号，就可以将应用程序代码输入在下面的部分（例如，“301”）。在这里，药物名称对应的药物代码和相应的应用程序代码“301”，也

就是应用程序显示在“早餐/午餐和晚餐后”的名字。关于“剂量/天”框，每天药物剂量的药物代码已在医药行中国输入。从药物主文件中读出单位（T,CAP,g等）并显示出来。在此，已经输入生产线的应用程序的程序代码，包括天数的输入（例如。“三天”）。关于“药物的用法用量”框，一个疗程的用量，初一根据情况（起床后，早上，中午，晚上，睡觉前，午夜，第七次，第八次）所需用量，将结果输入框中。

附件2：外文原文（复印件）

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a medicine packing apparatus which separately supplies a medicine required for each application time, and packs it with packing paper, such as a tablet packing apparatus and a powdered medicine packing apparatus used in medical facilities such as hospitals and pharmacies, and more particularly concerns a medicine packing apparatus having which functions to attach and detach medicine containers housing medicines, such as tablets and capsules, to and from a shelf section on a medicine supplying shelf.

2. Description of the Background Art

Conventional medicine packing apparatus has been known in which medicines are classified based upon the kinds, and housed in medicine containers, and each of the medicine containers is attached to any one of a plurality of shelves. In the medicine packing apparatus of this type, based upon the shelf number applied to each shelf, a required medicine is supplied from the corresponding medicine container, and packed.

For example, Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 1-14081 discloses a medicine automatic packing apparatus in which codes are assigned to respective medicine containers, and through a key operation on an operation apparatus, a desired medicine container placed in a predetermined position can be selected.

Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 3-41208 discloses a tablet supplying apparatus in which, based upon positional information in accordance with identifying information of each tablet feeder, a required tablet feeder is specified, and the corresponding tablet is supplied.

Japanese Patent No. 2933837 discloses a medicine packing apparatus in which, upon attaching a medicine container, medicine data is read and the attached place is stored, so that, based upon the attached place data of

each medicine, a desired medicine is supplied and packed.

However, in the above-mentioned conventional medicine packing apparatuses, consideration has not been sufficiently given to the operability at the time of exchanging medicine containers. In other words, although information of each medicine itself is important, the shelf numbers for the respective medicines are changed by using a maintenance screen; therefore, it is impossible to directly change the medicine corresponding to each shelf number. In an actual case, a pharmacist, that is, the operator needs to know the corresponding relationship between each shelf number and the corresponding medicine, and this imposes serious loads on the operator. Moreover, the operation of the maintenance screen is complicated, and tends to cause input mistakes, with the result that it is difficult for the pharmacist to operate it during a medicine packing process. Further, it is also difficult for the pharmacist to confirm the operations of attaching and detaching a medicine container to and from the corresponding shelf section. For this reason, there has been a demand for a system for detecting the presence or absence of a medicine container on a shelf section and for displaying the shelf section to which a medicine is attached or the shelf section from which a medicine is detached.

In particular, in the case of a small-size medicine packing apparatus, since there are few shelf sections of medicine supplying shelves and since the medicine containers are small, the exchange of medicine containers is frequently carried out, causing a higher probability of attaching mistakes of medicine containers to the shelf sections.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a medicine packing apparatus which makes it possible to carry out the operations of attaching, detaching and exchanging medicine containers during a medicine packing operation.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, a medicine packing

apparatus of the present invention, in which medicine containers housing medicines are classified into respective kinds and are attached to a plurality of shelf sections so as to supply and pack the corresponding medicine from the corresponding medicine container of the shelf section, includes: a storing unit for storing shelf numbers of the respective shelf sections and the respective kinds of medicines housed in the medicine containers; and a control unit for allowing the storage unit to store the corresponding relationship between the kind of a medicine housed in the medicine container and the shelf number upon attaching the medicine container to the shelf sections, and for erasing the corresponding relationship from the storage unit upon detaching the medicine container from the shelf.

With this arrangement, by only attaching and detaching medicine containers to and from the respective shelf sections, the shelf numbers and the corresponding kinds of medicines are shown in parallel with each other. Therefore, it becomes possible to carry out the operations of attaching, detaching and exchanging medicine containers during a medicine packing operation. For this reason, even when the kinds of medicines become more than the number of the shelf sections, it is possible to deal with such cases by exchanging the medicine containers during a packing process.

Moreover, when a display unit which displays the corresponding relationship between the shelf number of the shelf section to which the medicine container is attached and the medicine placed therein or the corresponding relationship between the shelf number of the shelf section from which the medicine container is detached and the medicine detached therefrom, is added to this apparatus, it becomes possible to confirm the operations of attaching and detaching the medicine containers to and from the respective shelf section, and this arrangement makes it possible to prevent the operator from being confused even when the number of attaching and detaching operations increases.

In this arrangement, when the display unit is allowed to display shelf numbers of the shelf sections to which medicine containers containing medicines included in prescription data are attached and shelf numbers of the shelf sections to which the other medicine containers that contain no medicines included in the prescription data are attached, shelf sections in which medicine containers are easily exchangeable are readily specified so that it becomes possible to improve the operability.

In the case when a medicine container detecting unit, which detects the presence or absence of a medicine container on the shelf section, is further added to this arrangement, based upon a detection signal from the medicine container detecting unit, the control unit allows the display unit to display the shelf number of the shelf section to which the medicine container is attached or the shelf number of the shelf section from which the medicine container is detached. Thus, it becomes possible to automatically detect the attaching and detaching operations of the medicine containers, and consequently to improve the operability while preventing erroneous attaching operations.

In the case when a medicine identifying information reading unit, which reads medicine identifying information of a medicine container on a shelf section, is further added to this arrangement, based upon a detection signal from the medicine identifying information reading unit, the control unit allows the display unit to display the medicine and the shelf number of the corresponding shelf section. Thus, it becomes possible to automatically identify the kinds of medicines, and consequently to further improve the operability.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Other objects and features of the present invention will become clear from the following detail description with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a medicine packing

apparatus;

FIG. 2 is a graph showing the contents of storage in a medicine master file;

FIG. 3 is a flow chart showing processes of a medicine packing operation;

FIG. 4 shows a screen of “prescription data input”;

FIG. 5 shows a screen of “medicine container attaching/detaching” process;

FIG. 6 shows a display of shelf numbers, detached medicines and attached medicines;

FIG. 7 shows a screen of “medicine container attaching/detaching” process carried out based upon prescription data;

FIG. 8 is a flow chart showing medicine container attaching/detaching processes in accordance with a first embodiment; and

FIG. 9 is a flow chart showing medicine container attaching/detaching processes in accordance with a second embodiment.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

FIG. 1 shows a medicine packing apparatus in accordance with the first embodiment of the present invention. This medicine packing apparatus is provided with a medicine supplying unit 1, a medicine packaging unit 2, a display unit 3such as a liquid crystal display or a CRT display, an input unit 4such as a key board mouse or a touch panel, and a storing unit 5such as a hard disk or a flash memory, and the medicine packing apparatus as a whole is controlled by a central processing unit (CPU) 6. Here, reference number 11represents a host computer.

The medicine supplying unit 1is provided with a number of medicine containers for housing medicines such as tablets and capsules and a medicine supplying shelf having a number of shelf sections to and from which the medicine containers are freely attached and detached. Moreover, a manual medicine supplying unit (not shown) used for supplying medicines without medicine containers is also prepared. The medicine supplying shelf selects

中英文文献翻译

毕业设计（论文）外文参考文献及译文 英文题目Component-based Safety Computer of Railway Signal Interlocking System 中文题目模块化安全铁路信号计算机联锁系统 学院自动化与电气工程学院 专业自动控制 姓名葛彦宁 学号 200808746 指导教师贺清 2012年5月30日

Component-based Safety Computer of Railway Signal Interlocking System 1 Introduction Signal Interlocking System is the critical equipment which can guarantee traffic safety and enhance operational efficiency in railway transportation. For a long time, the core control computer adopts in interlocking system is the special customized high-grade safety computer, for example, the SIMIS of Siemens, the EI32 of Nippon Signal, and so on. Along with the rapid development of electronic technology, the customized safety computer is facing severe challenges, for instance, the high development costs, poor usability, weak expansibility and slow technology update. To overcome the flaws of the high-grade special customized computer, the U.S. Department of Defense has put forward the concept：we should adopt commercial standards to replace military norms and standards for meeting consumers’demand [1]. In the meantime, there are several explorations and practices about adopting open system architecture in avionics. The United Stated and Europe have do much research about utilizing cost-effective fault-tolerant computer to replace the dedicated computer in aerospace and other safety-critical fields. In recent years, it is gradually becoming a new trend that the utilization of standardized components in aerospace, industry, transportation and other safety-critical fields. 2 Railways signal interlocking system 2.1 Functions of signal interlocking system The basic function of signal interlocking system is to protect train safety by controlling signal equipments, such as switch points, signals and track units in a station, and it handles routes via a certain interlocking regulation. Since the birth of the railway transportation, signal interlocking system has gone through manual signal, mechanical signal, relay-based interlocking, and the modern computer-based Interlocking System. 2.2 Architecture of signal interlocking system Generally, the Interlocking System has a hierarchical structure. According to the function of equipments, the system can be divided to the function of equipments; the system

文献翻译英文原文

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/f71454326.html,/finance/company/consumer.html Consumer finance company The consumer finance division of the SG group of France has become highly active within India. They plan to offer finance for vehicles and two-wheelers to consumers, aiming to provide close to Rs. 400 billion in India in the next few years of its operations. The SG group is also dealing in stock broking, asset management, investment banking, private banking, information technology and business processing. SG group has ventured into the rapidly growing consumer credit market in India, and have plans to construct a headquarters at Kolkata. The AIG Group has been approved by the RBI to set up a non-banking finance company (NBFC). AIG seeks to introduce its consumer finance and asset management businesses in India. AIG Capital India plans to emphasize credit cards, mortgage financing, consumer durable financing and personal loans. Leading Indian and international concerns like the HSBC, Deutsche Bank, Goldman Sachs, Barclays and HDFC Bank are also waiting to be approved by the Reserve Bank of India to initiate similar operations. AIG is presently involved in insurance and financial services in more than one hundred countries. The affiliates of the AIG Group also provide retirement and asset management services all over the world. Many international companies have been looking at NBFC business because of the growing consumer finance market. Unlike foreign banks, there are no strictures on branch openings for the NBFCs. GE Consumer Finance is a section of General Electric. It is responsible for looking after the retail finance operations. GE Consumer Finance also governs the GE Capital Asia. Outside the United States, GE Consumer Finance performs its operations under the GE Money brand. GE Consumer Finance currently offers financial services in more than fifty countries. The company deals in credit cards, personal finance, mortgages and automobile solutions. It has a client base of more than 118 million customers throughout the world

现代酒包装设计的发展与创新 文献综述

文献综述 《中国设计的力量》把当今市场上的白酒酒包装编辑成册，研究酒包装设计对人们的消费观念的影响。书中所列举的包装充分表现出了历史文化和高尚生活元素的结合。随着当今酒市场竞争的激烈，酒包装设计本身所呈现出的价值也越来越得到人们的认可，不仅带给人们实用和审美的艺术价值，还创造了不可估量的经济价值。酒并不是生活必需品，但在社会生活中，酒却具有其它物品所无法替代的功能。酒是随着人类文明不断的发展和创新的。酒包装设计也是在不断更新、变化、发展的。 《设计大师的对话》这不是一本普通的访谈录，而是凝聚着当代日本设计大师们发自肺腑心声的箴言集。本书汇编出了一组包罗万象的时代创意阵容，并且进行访谈的二十五个人物绝对不可缺一。用文字和图片去记录日本设计源头所发生的一切。凭着作者那股近乎门外汉般的好奇精神和不懈的努力，最终成就了他对智慧的生产现场的执著探访。从表面上看，除了要传递那些成为我们新的共同关注点，即设计专业的整体和真实以外，似乎并没有什么特别之处。但是本书却汇编出了一组包罗万象的时代创意阵容，并且到了书中的二十五个人物绝对不可缺一，若有一人被排斥在外便难以成书的微妙地步。 《包装设计基础与创意》这本书介绍了在艺术设计领域中，包装设计以其与人们生活的密切而占有重要的位置。今天的消费在一定程度上，已经成为一种文化消费的趋势。随着文化消费圈层的不断扩大，文化消费已经渗透到我们社会生活的各个层面。人们对商品的购买已经不再是单单的实用，而是越来越注重外观的美感。特别是产品的包装，更是文化和艺术的载体。这需要我们对包装的设计，进行深入地研究与发掘。在继承的前提下充分融合时代需求，不断地发展与创新，满足人们的文化追求。从包装发展的历史中涉取宝贵的经验与教训，这样才能在继承优秀的外在形式和内在的精神基础上不断提高和创新，才能超越和创造历史，把包装设计艺术不断的创新和发展下去。 《设计中的设计》这本书中，原研哉认真阐述了“设计领域的再配置”这一问题。显然，他对设计的思考已经远远超出了技术层面，而是围绕信息传达这一设计的本质功能，以充满自省的精神在深化和反思自己的设计意识。在原研哉看来，设计不是一种技能，而是捕捉事物本质的感觉能力和洞察能力。所以，设计师要时刻保持对社会的敏感度。他正是以这一想法为中心展开论述。原研哉以“无中生有”的理念为圭臬，凸现了“无”的力量。同时，作为一名非常具有社会责任感的设计师，他也把引导消费欲望作为自己的任务之一，并对其进行了深入的思考。 《绝对包装》此书体现了包装设计创新的精华理念。以大量成功经典作品为案例，对其创意的关键所在进行深入分析。食品、非酒精类饮料、酒精类饮料、CD、化妆品、生活用品、礼品盒等包装精品光彩夺目、美伦美奂；作者的点评文字，敏锐精当，每每切入作品独特奥妙之处。 《标牌与标签设计》在这本书中作者，列举了大量的实例。详细地介绍了国外标牌与标签设计的发展情况。在国外设计分工越来越细，一个小的标牌，不过方寸。却显示出大

外文翻译---论药品包装机械的概念设计

附录A 英文参考资料 Comment on medicines and chemical reagents package machinery conceptual design In recent years, Carry out GMP (medicines and chemical reagents produces specifications of quality) attestation system because of sustained our country economic situation rise and country to pharmacy industry mandatory. Medicines and chemical reagents package machinery has got quite great progress. The new product increases by gradually. Engineering level has had very big improvement. But be returning very big gaps back to existence compared with international standards. Level being close to 60%'s product cannot to reach upper developed country century eighties. Large-scale advanced equipment is dependent on entrance mainly. Low our country medicines and chemical reagents package machinery engineering level is that the design designing personnel low level from our country enterprise arouses to a great extent. One, our country medicines and chemical reagents package machinery current situation analyses Our country medicines and chemical reagents package machinery still has bigger gap compared with advanced international level. What time is insufficient on domestic medicines and chemical reagents package machinery design under main existence 1) Backward domestic mechanical performance medicines and chemical reagents package machinery mostly, accuracy low velocity, is slow, stationarity dispatches package machinery travel process to contain large amount of dyadic complicated intermittence motion. Come to come true mainly from the cam, the connecting rod. But, many design that the personnel is unable to require that the independence designs the parameter calculating cam bar linkage kinematics and dynamics according to job cycle picture and accuracy. Be only the surveying and mapping carrying out a piecemeal that the abroad model machine cam connecting rod part is dismantled down simplely. Bring about actuating mechanism error is very big. That domestic medicines and chemical reagents package machinery runs speed mostly is more general than hanging down according to cutting frequency if the aluminiummoulds bubble cover

英文文献翻译

中等分辨率制备分离的 快速色谱技术 W. Clark Still,* Michael K a h n , and Abhijit Mitra Departm(7nt o/ Chemistry, Columbia Uniuersity,1Veu York, Neu; York 10027 ReceiLied January 26, 1978 我们希望找到一种简单的吸附色谱技术用于有机化合物的常规净化。这种技术是适于传统的有机物大规模制备分离，该技术需使用长柱色谱法。尽管这种技术得到的效果非常好，但是其需要消耗大量的时间，并且由于频带拖尾经常出现低复原率。当分离的样本剂量大于1或者2g时，这些问题显得更加突出。近年来，几种制备系统已经进行了改进，能将分离时间减少到1-3h，并允许各成分的分辨率ΔR f≥（使用薄层色谱分析进行分析）。在这些方法中，在我们的实验室中，媒介压力色谱法1和短柱色谱法2是最成功的。最近，我们发现一种可以将分离速度大幅度提升的技术，可用于反应产物的常规提纯，我们将这种技术称为急骤色谱法。虽然这种技术的分辨率只是中等（ΔR f≥），而且构建这个系统花费非常低，并且能在10-15min内分离重量在的样本。4 急骤色谱法是以空气压力驱动的混合介质压力以及短柱色谱法为基础，专门针对快速分离，介质压力以及短柱色谱已经进行了优化。优化实验是在一组标准条件5下进行的，优化实验使用苯甲醇作为样本，放在一个20mm*5in.的硅胶柱60内，使用Tracor 970紫外检测器监测圆柱的输出。分辨率通过持续时间（r）和峰宽（w,w/2）的比率进行测定的（Figure 1），结果如图2-4所示，图2-4分别放映分辨率随着硅胶颗粒大小、洗脱液流速和样本大小的变化。

平面设计中英文对照外文翻译文献

(文档含英文原文和中文翻译) 中英文翻译 平面设计 任何时期平面设计可以参照一些艺术和专业学科侧重于视觉传达和介绍。采用多种方式相结合，创造和符号，图像和语句创建一个代表性的想法和信息。平面设计师可以使用印刷，视觉艺术和排版技术产生的最终结果。平面设计常常提到的进程，其中沟通是创造和产品设计。 共同使用的平面设计包括杂志，广告，产品包装和网页设计。例如，可能包括产品包装的标志或其他艺术作品，举办文字和纯粹的设计元素，如形状和颜色统一件。组成的一个最重要的特点，尤其是平面设计在使用前现有材料或不同的元素。 平面设计涵盖了人类历史上诸多领域，在此漫长的历史和在相对最近爆炸视觉传达中的第20和21世纪，人们有时是模糊的区别和重叠的广告艺术，平面设计和美术。毕竟，他们有着许多相同的内容，理论，原则，做法和语言，有时同样的客人或客户。广告艺术的最终目标是出售的商品和服务。在平面

设计，“其实质是使以信息，形成以思想，言论和感觉的经验”。 在唐朝（ 618-906 ）之间的第4和第7世纪的木块被切断打印纺织品和后重现佛典。阿藏印在868是已知最早的印刷书籍。 在19世纪后期欧洲，尤其是在英国，平面设计开始以独立的运动从美术中分离出来。蒙德里安称为父亲的图形设计。他是一个很好的艺术家，但是他在现代广告中利用现代电网系统在广告、印刷和网络布局网格。 于1849年，在大不列颠亨利科尔成为的主要力量之一在设计教育界，该国政府通告设计在杂志设计和制造的重要性。他组织了大型的展览作为庆祝现代工业技术和维多利亚式的设计。 从1892年至1896年威廉?莫里斯凯尔姆斯科特出版社出版的书籍的一些最重要的平面设计产品和工艺美术运动，并提出了一个非常赚钱的商机就是出版伟大文本论的图书并以高价出售给富人。莫里斯证明了市场的存在使平面设计在他们自己拥有的权利，并帮助开拓者从生产和美术分离设计。这历史相对论是，然而，重要的，因为它为第一次重大的反应对于十九世纪的陈旧的平面设计。莫里斯的工作，以及与其他私营新闻运动，直接影响新艺术风格和间接负责20世纪初非专业性平面设计的事态发展。 谁创造了最初的“平面设计”似乎存在争议。这被归因于英国的设计师和大学教授Richard Guyatt，但另一消息来源于20世纪初美国图书设计师William Addison Dwiggins。 伦敦地铁的标志设计是爱德华约翰斯顿于1916年设计的一个经典的现代而且使用了系统字体设计。 在20世纪20年代，苏联的建构主义应用于“智能生产”在不同领域的生产。个性化的运动艺术在俄罗斯大革命是没有价值的，从而走向以创造物体的功利为目的。他们设计的建筑、剧院集、海报、面料、服装、家具、徽标、菜单等。 Jan Tschichold 在他的1928年书中编纂了新的现代印刷原则，他后来否认他在这本书的法西斯主义哲学主张，但它仍然是非常有影响力。 Tschichold ，包豪斯印刷专家如赫伯特拜耳和拉斯洛莫霍伊一纳吉，和El Lissitzky 是平面设计之父都被我们今天所知。 他们首创的生产技术和文体设备，主要用于整个二十世纪。随后的几年看到平面设计在现代风格获得广泛的接受和应用。第二次世界大战结束后，美国经济的建立更需要平面设计，主要是广告和包装等。移居国外的德国包豪斯设计学院于1937年到芝加哥带来了“大规模生产”极简到美国;引发野火的“现代”建筑和设计。值得注意的名称世纪中叶现代设计包括阿德里安Frutiger ，设计师和Frutiger字体大学;保兰德，从20世纪30年代后期，直到他去世于1996年，采取的原则和适用包豪斯他们受欢迎的广告和标志设计，帮助创造一个独特的办法，美国的欧洲简约而成为一个主要的先驱。平面设计称为企业形象;约瑟夫米勒，罗克曼，设计的海报严重尚未获取1950年代和1960年代时代典型。 从道路标志到技术图表，从备忘录到参考手册，增强了平面设计的知识转让。可读性增强了文字的视觉效果。 设计还可以通过理念或有效的视觉传播帮助销售产品。将它应用到产品和公司识别系统的要素像标志、颜色和文字。连同这些被定义为品牌。品牌已日益成为重要的提供的服务范围，许多平面设计师，企业形象和条件往往是同时交替使用。

机械专业外文文献翻译--论药品包装机械的概念设计

中英文翻译 原文： Comment on medicines and chemical reagents package machinery conceptual design In recent years, Carry out GMP (medicines and chemical reagents produces specifications of quality) attestation system because of sustained our country economic situation rise and country to pharmacy industry mandatory. Medicines and chemical reagents package machinery has got quite great progress. The new product increases by gradually. Engineering level has had very big improvement. But be returning very big gaps back to existence compared with international standards. Level being close to 60%'s product cannot to reach upper developed country century eighties. Large-scale advanced equipment is dependent on entrance mainly. Low our country medicines and chemical reagents package machinery engineering level is that the design designing personnel low level from our country enterprise arouses to a great extent. One, our country medicines and chemical reagents package machinery current situation analyses Our country medicines and chemical reagents package machinery still has bigger gap compared with advanced international level. What time is insufficient on domestic medicines and chemical reagents package machinery design under main existence 1) Backward domestic mechanical performance medicines and chemical reagents package machinery mostly, accuracy low velocity, is slow, stationarity dispatches package machinery travel process to contain large amount of dyadic complicated intermittence motion. Come to come true mainly from the cam, the connecting rod. But, many design that the personnel is unable to require that the independence designs the parameter calculating cam bar linkage kinematics and dynamics according to job cycle picture and accuracy. Be only the surveying and mapping carrying out a piecemeal that the abroad model machine cam connecting rod part is dismantled down simplely. Bring about actuating mechanism error is very big. That domestic medicines and chemical reagents package machinery runs speed mostly is more general than hanging down according to cutting frequency if the aluminium moulds bubble cover

英文文献及中文翻译

毕业设计说明书 英文文献及中文翻译 学院：专 2011年6月 电子与计算机科学技术软件工程

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/f71454326.html, Overview https://www.wendangku.net/doc/f71454326.html, is a unified Web development model that includes the services necessary for you to build enterprise-class Web applications with a minimum of https://www.wendangku.net/doc/f71454326.html, is part of https://www.wendangku.net/doc/f71454326.html, Framework,and when coding https://www.wendangku.net/doc/f71454326.html, applications you have access to classes in https://www.wendangku.net/doc/f71454326.html, Framework.You can code your applications in any language compatible with the common language runtime(CLR), including Microsoft Visual Basic and C#.These languages enable you to develop https://www.wendangku.net/doc/f71454326.html, applications that benefit from the common language runtime,type safety, inheritance,and so on. If you want to try https://www.wendangku.net/doc/f71454326.html,,you can install Visual Web Developer Express using the Microsoft Web Platform Installer,which is a free tool that makes it simple to download,install,and service components of the Microsoft Web Platform.These components include Visual Web Developer Express,Internet Information Services (IIS),SQL Server Express,and https://www.wendangku.net/doc/f71454326.html, Framework.All of these are tools that you use to create https://www.wendangku.net/doc/f71454326.html, Web applications.You can also use the Microsoft Web Platform Installer to install open-source https://www.wendangku.net/doc/f71454326.html, and PHP Web applications. Visual Web Developer Visual Web Developer is a full-featured development environment for creating https://www.wendangku.net/doc/f71454326.html, Web applications.Visual Web Developer provides an ideal environment in which to build Web sites and then publish them to a hosting https://www.wendangku.net/doc/f71454326.html,ing the development tools in Visual Web Developer,you can develop https://www.wendangku.net/doc/f71454326.html, Web pages on your own computer.Visual Web Developer includes a local Web server that provides all the features you need to test and debug https://www.wendangku.net/doc/f71454326.html, Web pages,without requiring Internet Information Services(IIS)to be installed. Visual Web Developer provides an ideal environment in which to build Web sites and then publish them to a hosting https://www.wendangku.net/doc/f71454326.html,ing the development tools in Visual Web Developer,you can develop https://www.wendangku.net/doc/f71454326.html, Web pages on your own computer.

文献检索课程教学设计(全部)

《文献检索》课程教学设计 目录 绪论：文献（信息）检索的意义及基础 (2) 项目一科技文献检索方法和图书馆的科学利用 (8) 项目二常见化学化工科技论文的写作 (11) 项目三美国化学文摘的使用 (14) 项目四专利文献的查询 (17) 项目五标准文献的查询 (20) 项目六计算机信息检索的应用 (23) 项目七信息检索策略综合应用训练 (26)

徐州工业职业技术学院教学设计（讲稿）

教学内容与设计 绪论：文献（信息）检索的意义及基础 自我介绍 提问一：你会检索吗？ 如果会，那么会用检索以下毕业专题的相关资料吗？ ?杜仲叶中绿原酸的提取分离 ?有机废水处理工艺设计 ?蚕丝蛋白制备工艺研究 ?铁矿石含铁量测定方法新工艺 ?基因工程干扰素生产工艺研究 提问的目的：突出检索技术直接是为毕业专题服务，这是一门技术。提问二：信息检索课是什么？ 学生如是说： 文献检索课程是井底之蛙的升降机，是雄鹰的翅膀，是横跨天堑的桥梁。 针对某一课题，通过电子检索查阅有关资料，才知道知识的浩瀚，才知道世界的宽广，才知道“山外青山，楼外楼”。 它是我在大学期间所学的最重要，最有用的课程之一，有了它，我们将会受益终生。教会我们一种方法，一种主动 了解外界，提高自己，放眼世界的方法。 检索不仅是我们学习的制胜法宝，更是一条贯穿我们生活的红线。正因为有了这门课的学习，现在大脑的检索意识 就比较强烈，越搜越快！前几天，问同学借自行车，他告 诉我车子大致地点，是永久牌，有车栏，略有一点蓝。到 了现场，脑海中一下就有了先找有栏的，再找蓝颜色的， 最后确定是不是永久的，很快就找到了。 我爱检索，就像爱自己的生命一样。 最后我想说，我们是幸运的！我们学到了一门真正有用的课，它对我的影响和帮助将是伴随我一身的。 提问三：借鉴与创新的关系？ 科学研究是“站在前人肩膀上”的事业，而创新又是科学研究的灵魂，即要求“前无古人”。 时间分配 2min 引导学生回答 8min 10min 通过往届学生对信息检索课的评价能够激起学生学习这门课的兴趣，也可以突出这门课对个人的作用。 10min 通过提问让学生

仪表板外文文献翻译、中英文翻译、外文翻译

Dashboard From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This article is about a control panel placed in the front of the car. For other uses, see Dashboard (disambiguation). The dashboard of a Bentley Continental GTC car A dashboard (also called dash, instrument panel (IP), or fascia) is a control panel located directly ahead of a vehicle's driver, displaying instrumentation and controls for the vehicle's operation. Contents 1.Etymology 2.Dashboard features 3.Padding and safety 4.Fashion in instrumentation 5.See also 6.References Etymology Horse-drawn carriage dashboard Originally, the word dashboard applied to a barrier of wood or leather fixed at the front of a horse-drawn carriage or sleigh to protect the driver from mud or other debris "dashed up" (thrown up) by the horses' hooves.[1] Commonly these boards did not perform any additional function other than providing a convenient handhold for ascending into the driver's seat, or a small clip with which to secure the reins when not in use. When the first "horseless carriages" were constructed in the late 19th century, with engines mounted beneath the driver such as the Daimler Stahlradwagen, the simple dashboard was retained to protect occupants from debris thrown up by the cars' front wheels. However, as car design evolved to position the motor in front of the driver, the dashboard became a panel that protected vehicle occupants from the heat and oil of the engine. With gradually increasing mechanical complexity, this panel formed a convenient location for the placement of gauges and minor controls, and from this evolved the modern instrument panel,

包装设计外文翻译文献

包装设计外文翻译文献(文档含中英文对照即英文原文和中文翻译)

包装对食品发展的影响 消费者对某个产品的第一印象来说包装是至关重要的，包括沟通的可取性，可接受性，健康饮食形象等。食品能够提供广泛的产品和包装组合，传达自己加工的形象感知给消费者，例如新鲜包装/准备，冷藏，冷冻，超高温无菌，消毒（灭菌），烘干产品。 食物的最重要的质量属性之一，是它的味道，其影响人类的感官知觉，即味觉和嗅觉。味道可以很大程度作退化的处理和/或扩展存储。其他质量属性，也可能受到影响，包括颜色，质地和营养成分。食品质量不仅取决于原材料，添加剂，加工和包装的方法，而且其预期的货架寿命（保质期）过程中遇到的运输和储存条件的质量。越来越多的竞争当中，食品生产商，零售商和供应商；和质量审核供应商有着显著的提高食品质量以及急剧增加包装食品的选择。这些改进也得益于严格的冷藏链中的温度控制和越来越挑剔的消费者。 保质期的一个定义是：在规定的贮存温度条件下产品保持其质量和安全性的时间。在保质期内，产品的生产企业对该产品质量符合有关标准或明示担保的质量条件负责，销售者可以放心销售这些产品，消费者可以安全使用。 保质期不是识别食物等产品是否变质的唯一标准，可能由于存放方式，环境等变化物质的过早变质。所以食物等尽量在保质期未到期就及时食用。包装产品的质量和保质期的主题是在第3章中详细讨论。

包装为消费者提供有关产品的重要信息，在许多情况下，使用的包装和/或产品，包括事实信息如重量，体积，配料，制造商的细节，营养价值，烹饪和开放的指示，除了法律准则的最小尺寸的文字和数字，有定义的各类产品。消费者寻求更详细的产品信息，同时，许多标签已经成为多语种。标签的可读性会是视觉发现的一个问题，这很可能成为一个对越来越多的老年人口越来越重要的问题。 食物的选择和包装创新的一个主要驱动力是为了方便消费者的需求。这里有许多方便的现代包装所提供的属性，这些措施包括易于接入和开放，处置和处理，产品的知名度，再密封性能，微波加热性，延长保质期等。在英国和其他发达经济体显示出生率下降和快速增长的一个相对富裕的老人人口趋势，伴随着更加苛刻的年轻消费者，他们将要求和期望改进包装的功能，如方便包开启（百货配送研究所，IGD）。 对零售商而言存在有一个高的成本，供应和服务的货架体系。没有储备足够的产品品种或及时补充库存，特别是副食品，如鲜牛奶，可能导致客户不满和流失到竞争对手的商店，这正需要保证产品供应。现代化的配送和包装系统，允许消费者在购买食品时，他们希望在他们想任何时间地点都能享用。近几年消费者的选择已在急剧扩大。例如在英国，20世纪60年代和90年代之间在一般超市的产品线的数量从2000年左右上升到超过18000人（INCPEN）。 自20世纪70年代以来，食品卫生和安全问题已成为日益重要的关注和选择食物的驱动力。媒体所关注的一系列问题，如使用化学添

包装机中英文对照外文翻译文献

中英文资料翻译 Modern packaging 1. Changing Needs and New Roles Looking back, historical changes are understandable and obvious. That all of them have had an impact on the way products are bought, consumed and packaged is also obvious. What is not so obvious is what tomorrow will bring. Yet, it is to the needs, markets, and conditions of tomorrow that packaging professionals must always turn their attention. The forces that drove packaging during the Industry Revolution continue to operate today. The consumer society continues to grow and is possibly best described by a1980s bumper sticker, “born to shop”. We consume goods today at rate 4 to 5 times greater than we did as recently as 1935. Most of these goods are not essential to survival; they constitute what we may call “the good life”. In the second half of the 20th century, the proliferation of goods was so high that packaging was forced into an entirely new role, that of providing the major purchase motivation rather than presenting the goods itself. On a shelf of 10 competing products, all of them similar in