科技英语中倍数的常用表达方式及翻译

科技英语中倍数的常用表达方式及翻译

英语表示倍数增减或倍数对比的句型多种多样，其中有一些句型很容易译错。例如，1)This room is 3 times larger than that one．2）This room is 3times as large as that one．3)This room is 3 times the size of that one．这里包含有三种表示增加多少倍的句型，不能译为这个房间比那个房间大三倍，应译为这个房间是那个房间的三倍大或这个房间比那个房间大两倍? 。之所以会出现这样的情况，是因为英文和中文两种语言的表达思维是不一样的。只有懂得了两种思维方式的差异，才能正确地进行英语倍数的翻译J。本文拟将常用的英语

数句型及其正确译法予以归纳。

一、倍数增加的表达方法

表达A是B的N倍长(宽、高、大、重等)，A比B长(宽、高、大、重等)N 倍或A的长度(宽度、高度、大小、重量等)是B的N倍，可用下列三种句型。

(一)A +be+倍数+as+计量形容词原级+ as + B例如：This bed is three times as big as that one．这张床是那张床的三倍大。(比那张大两倍)This tree is three times as tall as that one．这棵树是那棵树的三倍高。(比那棵高两倍)His father is twice as old as he．他父亲的年纪有他两倍大。(比他大一倍)Asia is four times as large as Europe．亚洲的面积是欧洲的四倍。(比欧洲大三倍)This big stone is three times as heavy as that one．这块大石头的重量是那块的三倍。(比那块重两倍)The plane flew ten times as high as the kite．那架飞机飞行高度是那个风筝的十倍。(比那个风筝高九倍)

(二)A +be+倍数+计量形容词比较级+than + B例如：The Yangtze River is almost twice longer than the Pearl River．长江差不多比珠江长两倍。

(长度是珠江的三倍)This rope is twice longer than that one．这根绳比那根绳长两倍。(长度是那根绳的三倍)This hall is five times bigger than our classroom．这个大厅比我们的教室大五倍。(面积是我们教室的六倍)The speed twice faster than that truck．这辆小车的速度比那辆卡车快两倍。(速度是那辆卡车的三倍)This book is 3 times longer than that one．这本书的篇幅比那本书长两倍。(篇幅是那本书的

三倍)Iron is almost 3 times heavier than aluminum．铁几乎比铝重两倍。(重量几乎是铝的三倍)

(三)A +be+倍数+the+计量名词(如size，height，weight，length，width等)+ of + B例如：The newly broadened square is four times the size of the previous one．新扩建的广场是未扩建时的四倍大。(比未扩建时大三倍)This street is four times the length of that street．这条街是那条街的四倍长。(比那条街长三倍)This hill is four times the height of that small one．这座山的高度是那座小山的四倍。(比那座小山高三倍)This book is 3 times the length of that one．这本书的篇幅比那本书长两倍。(篇幅是那本书的三倍)The earth is 49 times the size of the moon．地球的体积是月球的49倍。(比月球大48倍)This river is three times the depth of that one．这条河是那条河的三倍深。(比那条河深两倍)(四)increase(+to)+倍数，或increase +by+倍数，在这类句型中increase常被rise，grow，go／step up，multiply等词所替代，表示增加到n倍(或增加n一1倍)例如：The production of steel has increased to three times since 1980．钢的产量1980年以来已增加了两倍。

he coal output has increased by five times as against 2000．煤产量比2000年增加了4倍。

由以上例子可见，英语中说增加了n倍，包括基数在内，表示增加后的总数。而汉语中说增加了n倍却不包括基数，表示的是纯增加量。比如我们说，现在比过去增加(或增加了)三倍，即净增加了三倍，也就是过去为一，现在为四。若说增加到(或增加为)过去的三倍，即表示过去为一，现在为三。所以，汉译增加了n倍时，须将英语的倍数减一，译为增加了n一1倍，表示净增加数。如果汉译为增加到n倍或为原有n倍时，英语则照译不减。

二、倍数减少的表示方法

英语常用倍数表示减少的程度，而汉语则习惯用分数或百分数来表示减少的具体程度。因此，我们在翻译时须将英语的倍数换算成分数，有时还须换算成百分数]。倍数减少通常用以下三种形式来表示。

(一)A +be+倍数+as+计量形容词原级(1ight，small，slow，short，thin?)+as+ BT he new machine is ten times as light as the old one．新机器的重量是旧机器的十分之一。

54This bed is three times as small as that one．这张床的大小是那张床的三分之一。

(二)A +be+倍数+计量形容词比较级+than + BT his bridge is 3 times shorter than that one．这座桥的长度是那座桥的三分之一。(这桥比那桥短三分之二)This kind of film is twice thinner than ordinary paper．这种薄膜的厚度只有普通纸的二分之一。

(三)当句子中有表示减少、降低意义的词时，用decrease+倍数，或decrease +by+倍数，意为减少到1／n[或减少(n一1)／n]。decrease常被re．duce，shorten，go／slow down等词替代。例如：The cotton output has decreased by 50％．棉花产量减少了50％。

The automatic assembly line can shorten ten times the assembly period．自动装配线能够把装配期缩短到原来的十分之一(即90％)。

由以上例子可以看出，在翻译表示倍数减少的句子时，就不能用减少(n一1)倍或减少到几倍来译，因为这不符合汉语习惯。可将这类结构中的倍数转换成分数或百分数译出。方法是：把倍数作为分母，用1作为分子(即1／n)，以表示减少到几分之一，或用n一1作为分子[即(n一1)／n]，以表示减少几分之几。如：3 times smaller到1／3或、2／3；reduce(by)three times减少到1／3或减少2／3。

从上述倍数增减句型及其译法中不难看出，与汉语不同，英语在表述或比较倍数时，无论使用什么句型，都包括基础倍数在内，因此都不是净增或净减n 倍，而是净增或净减n一1倍。我们在理解和翻译英语倍数增减表达结构时，一定要清楚英汉之间的差异。

科技英语中倍数的常用表达方式

及翻译

外语系

085班

10号

庞晓晨

英语中倍数的表达方式(1)

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be beneficial to… 有利于…，有益于… turn a blind eye to… 对…视而不见 by leaps and bounds飞速地，突飞猛进地 when it comes to一谈到…,就…而论 disagree with… 与…意见不一致不同意… give an opinion on… 对…发表意见 a dapt oneself to…=adjust oneself to…使自己适应于… attribute…to…把…归因于…，认为…是…的结果comment on…评论… concentrate on/upon…集中注意力于… on the contrary与之相反 convince somebody of something使某人确信某事deprive somebody of something剥夺某人某物 in detail详细地 be equipped with…装备有… in essence本质上 to…extent在…程度上 inform. somebody of something通知某人某事 lie in在于… major in主修… in the light of… 按照…，根据… on account of… 因为…，由于… in addition to… 除…之外 on (the/an) average平均，一般来说 on the basis of… 根据…，在…的基础上 at (the) best充其量，至多 on business因公，因事 in any case无论如何，总之

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1 Repetition 重译/重复法 Let’s revise our safety and sanitary regulations. 我们来修改安全规则和卫生规则吧。 2 Amplification 增译法 To the east and the south a faint pink is spreading. 东南方呈现一抹浅红，正在向远处扩展。 3 Omission 减译法 For generations, coal and oil have been regarded as the chief energy source to transport man from place to place. 几十年来，煤和石油一直被认为是交通运输的主要能源。 4 Conversion 词类转换法 The volume of trade has increased tremendously to the advantage of both countries. 贸易的剧增给两国带来了益处。 5 Inversion 词序调整法 There are many wonderful stories to tell about the places I visited and the people I met. 我们访问了一些地方，遇到了不少人，要谈起来，奇妙的事可多着呢。 6 vision and combination分译法、合译法 Daybreak comes with thick mist and drizzle. 黎明时分，大雾弥漫，细雨蒙蒙。

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