考研英语(一)真题及答案
2012考研英语（一）真题参考答案
Section ⅠUse of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D]on ANSWER SHEET 1. ( 10 points)
The ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justices became an important issue recently. The court cannot_____ its legitimacy as guardian of the rule of law______ justices behave like politicians. Yet, in several instances, justices acted in ways that_____ the court’s reputation for being independent and impartial。
Justices Antonin Scalia and Samuel Alito Jr., for example, appeared at political events. That kind of activity makes it less likely that the court’s decisions will be____ as impartial judgments. Part of the problem is that the justices are not _____ by an ethics code. At the very least, the court should make itself_______ to the code of conduct that ______to the rest of the federal judiciary。
This and other cases ______the question of whether there is still a _____ between the court and politics。
The framers of the Constitution envisioned law____ having authority apart from politics. They gave justices permanent positions ____ they would be free to ____those in power and have no need to_____ political support. Our legal system was designed to set law apart from politics precisely because they are so closely _____。
Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted in fundamental social ______like liberty and property. When the court deals with social policy decisions, the law it _____is inescapably political —which is why decisions split along ideological lines are so easily _____ as unjust。
The justices must _____doubts about the court’s legitimacy by making themselves _____to the code of conduct. That would make their rulings more likely to be seen as separate from politics and, _____, convincing as law。
1 A emphasizeB maintainC modifyD recognize
2 A whenB bestC beforeD unles
3 A renderedB weakenedC establishedD eliminated
4 A challengedB compromisedC suspectedD accepted 5. A advancedB caught C boundD founded 6. A resistantB subjectC immuneD prone 7. A resortsB sticksC leadsD applies 8. A evadeB raiseC denyD settle 9. A lineB barrier C similarity D conflict 10. A byB asC throughD towards 11. A soB sinceC providedD though 12. A serveB satisfyC
upsetD replace 13. A confirm B express C cultivate D offer 14 A guardedB followedC studiedD tied
15. A concepts B theories C divisions D convenience16. A excludes B questions
C shapes
D controls17. A dismissed B released C ranked D distorted18. A suppress B exploitC addressD ignore 19. A accessibleB. amiableC agreeable D accountable20.
A by all means
B at all costs
C in a word
D as a result
Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (40 points)
Text 2
TEXT2
Pretty in pink: adult women do not remember being so obsessed with the colour, yet it is pervasive in our young girls’ lives. It is not that pink intrinsically bad, but it is a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it may celebrate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly fused girls’ identity to appearance. Then it presents that connection, even among two-year-olds, between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence. Looking around, despaired at the singular lack of imagination about girls’ lives and interests。
Girls' attraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their DNA, but according to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of American Studies, it's not. Children were not colour-coded at all until the early 20th century: in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter, since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them. What's m ore, both boys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses. When nursery colours were introduced, pink was actually considered the more masculine colour, a pastel version of red, which was associated with strength. Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy and faithfulness, symbolised femininity. It was not until the mid-1980s, when amplifying age and sex differences became a dominant children's marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own, when it began to seem innately attractive to girls, part of what defined them as female, at least for the first few critical years。
I had not realised how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is natural to kids, including our core beliefs about their psychological development. Take the toddler. I assumed that phase was something experts developed
after years of research into children's behaviour: wrong. Turns out, according to Daniel Cook, a historian of childhood consumerism, it was popularised as a marketing gimmick by clothing manufacturers in the 1930s。
Trade publications counselled department stores that, in order to increase sales, they should create a "third stepping stone" between infant wear and older kids' clothes. It was only after "toddler" became common shoppers' term that it evolved into a broadly accepted developmental stage. Splitting kids, or adults, into ever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits. And one of the easiest ways to segment a market is to magnify gender differences – or invent them where they did not previously exist。
26 By saying "it is ... The rainbow"(line 3, Para 1)， the author means pink _______。
A should not be the sole representation of girlhood
B should not be associated with girls' innocence
C cannot explain girls' lack of imagination
D cannot influence girls' lives and interests
27 According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is true of
colours?
A Colors are encoded in girls' DNA
B Blue used to be regarded as the color for girls
C Pink used to be a neutral color in symbolizing genders
D White is preferred by babies
28 The author suggests that our perception of children's psychological devotement was much influenced by ________。
[A] the marketing of products for children
[B] the observation of children's nature
[C] researches into children's behavior
[D] studies of childhood consumption
29. We may learn from Paragraph 4 that department stores were advised ________。
A focuses on infant wear and older kids' clothes
B attach equal importance to different genders
C classify consumers into smaller groups
D create some common shoppers' terms
30. it can be concluded that girl's attraction to pink seems to be _____。
A clearly explained by their inborn tendency
B fully understood by clothing manufacturers
C mainly imposed by profit-driven businessmen
D well interpreted by psychological experts
Part B
Directions:
For questions 41-45, choose the most suitable paragraphs from the list A-G and fill them into the numbered boxes to form a coherent text. Paragraph E has been correctly placed. There is one paragraph which does not fit in with the text. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. ( 10 points)
Part C
Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. ( 10 points)
Section Ⅲ Writing
Part A
51. Directions:
。。。。。。。
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the notice. Use "Postgraduates' Association" instead. ( 10 points)
Part B
52. Directions:
Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should
describe the picture briefly,
explain its intended meaning, and
give your comments。
You should write neatly on answer sheet 2.
2012年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题National Entrance Test of English for MA/MSCandidates (NETEM) 跨考英语教研室—杨凤芝Section Ⅰ Use of English Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank
and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D]on ANSWER SHEET 1. ( 10 points)
The ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justices became an important issue
recently. The court cannot_____ its legitimacy as guardian of the rule of
law______ justices behave like politicians. Yet, in several instances,
justices acted in ways that_____ the court’s reputation for being independent
and impartial。
Justices Antonin Scalia and Samuel Alito Jr., for example, appeared at
political events. That kind of activity makes it less likely that the court’s
decisions will be____ as impartial judgments. Part of the problem is that
the justices are not _____ by an ethics code. At the very least, the court
should make itself_______ to the code of conduct that ______to the rest of the
federal judiciary。
This and other cases ______the question of whether there is still a _____
between the court and politics。
The framers of the Constitution envisioned law____ having authority apart
from politics. They gave justices permanent positions ____ they would be free
to ____those in power and have no need to_____ political support. Our legal
system was designed to set law apart from politics precisely because they are
so closely _____。
Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted in
fundamental social ______like liberty and property. When the court deals with
social policy decisions, the law it ____is inescapably political — which
is why decisions split along ideological lines are so easily _____ as unjust。
The justices must _____doubts about the court’s legitimacy by making
themselves _____to the code of conduct. That would make their rulings more
likely to be seen as separate from politics and, _____, convincing as law。
1 A emphasize B maintain C modify D recognize
2 A when B best C before D unless
3 A rendered B weakened C established D eliminated
4 A challenged B compromised C suspected D accepted 5. A advanced B caught C bound D founded 6. A resistant B subject C immune D prone 7. A resorts B sticks C leads D applies 8. A evade B raise C deny D settle 9. A line B barrier C similarity
D conflict 10. A by B as C through D towards 11. A so B since C provided D though
12. A serve B satisfy C upset D replace 13. A confirm B express C cultivate D offer 14 A guarded B followed C studied D tied
15. A concepts B theories C divisions D convenience16. A excludes B questions
C shapes
D controls17. A dismissed B released C ranked D distorted18. A suppress B exploit C address D ignore 19. A accessible B. amiable C agreeable D accountable20.
A by all means
B at all costs
C in a word
D as a result
Section Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by
choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (40 points) Text 2
TEXT2
Pretty in pink: adult women do not remember being so obsessed with the
colour, yet it is pervasive in our young girls’ lives. It is not that pink intrinsically bad, but it is a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it may celebrate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly fused girls’
identity to appearance. Then it presents that connection, even among
two-year-olds,
between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence。
Looking around, despaired at the singular lack of imagination about girls’lives and interests。
Girls' attraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their DNA, but according to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of American Studies, it's not. Children were not colour-coded at all until the early 20th
century: in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a
practical matter, since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil
them. What's more, both boys and girls wore what were thought of as
gender-neutral dresses. When nursery colours were introduced, pink was actually considered the more masculine colour, a pastel version of red, which was associated with strength. Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary,
constancy and faithfulness, symbolised femininity. It was not until the
mid-1980s, when amplifying age and sex differences became a dominant
children's marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own, when it
began to seem innately attractive to girls, part of what defined them as female,
at least for the first few critical years。
I had not realised how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception
of what is natural to kids, including our core beliefs about their psychological
development. Take the toddler. I assumed that phase was something experts
developed after years of research into children's behaviour: wrong. Turns out,
according to Daniel Cook, a historian of childhood consumerism, it was
popularised as a marketing gimmick by clothing manufacturers in the 1930s。
Trade publications counselled department stores that, in order to increase
sales, they should create a "third stepping stone" between infant wear and
older kids' clothes. It was only after "toddler" became common shoppers'
term that it evolved into a broadly accepted developmental stage. Splitting
kids, or adults, into ever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to
boost profits. And one of the easiest ways to segment a market is to
magnify gender differences –or invent them where they did not previously exist。
26 By saying "it is ... The rainbow"(line 3, Para 1)， the author means pink _______。
A should not be the sole representation of girlhood
B should not be associated with girls' innocence
C cannot explain girls' lack of imagination
D cannot influence girls' lives and interests
27 According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is true of colours?
A Colors are encoded in girls' DNA
B Blue used to be regarded as the color for girls
C Pink used to be a neutral color in symbolizing genders
D White is preferred by babies
28 The author suggests that our perception of children's psychological devotement was much influenced by ________。
[A] the marketing of products for children
[B] the observation of children's nature
[C] researches into children's behavior
[D] studies of childhood consumption
29. We may learn from Paragraph 4 that department stores were advised ________。
A focuses on infant wear and older kids' clothes
B attach equal importance to different genders
C classify consumers into smaller groups
D create some common shoppers' terms
30. it can be concluded that girl's attraction to pink seems to be _____。
A clearly explained by their inborn tendency
B fully understood by clothing manufacturers
C mainly imposed by profit-driven businessmen
D well interpreted by psychological experts
Part B
Directions:
For questions 41-45, choose the most suitable paragraphs from the list
A-G and fill them into thenumbered boxes to form a coherent text. Paragraph E has been correctly placed. There is one paragraph which does not fit in with the text. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. ( 10 points)
Part C
Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. ( 10 points)
Section Ⅲ Writing Part A
51. Directions:
。。。。。。。
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the notice. Use "Postgraduates' Association" instead. ( 10 points)
Part B
52. Directions:
Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay,you should
1) describe the picture briefly,
2) explain its intended meaning, and
3) give your comments。
You should write neatly on answer sheet 2.
1.B
2.A
3.B
4.D
5.C
6.B
7.D
8.B
9.A 10.B 11.A 12.C 13.C 14.D 15.A 16.C 17.A 18.C 19.D 20.D 21.D 22.D 23.A 24.C 25.D 26.C 27.A 28.A 29.B 30.B 31.A 32.D 33.B 34.D 35.D 36.C 37.D 38.B 39.A 40.A
41.C 42.D 43.A 44.F 45.G
46.在物理学上，一种方法是将这种冲动完美发挥到极点并且导找到一种万能的理论---一条我们都可以看的见，明白的普遍公式。
47.在这里，达尔文主义似乎提供了一个准则，如果所有的人类都有共同的起源，那么文化差异能够追寻到更早的可控的起源也是合理的。
48.从我们的共同特征中过滤独特性能够使我们明白文化行为的复杂性起源以及是什么在进化方面和认知方面指导我们人类。
49、其实，由约书亚格林伯说，将更多的经验主义用在了普遍性上，验证许多语言所共有的特点，这些特点被认为是代表了由认知限制造成的偏见。
50. 乔姆斯基的语法应该表现了语言更改的模式，是通过独立的家谱或由它所跟踪的路径，而通过性预测的特定类型间的合作关系。
Part A
47.Directions：
Suppose you have found something wrong with the electronic dictionary that you bought from an online store the other day. Write and email to the customer service center to
1) make a complaint，and
2) demand a prompt solution.
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Zhang Wei” instead.
参考范文：
Dear Mr./Miss：
This letter is a complaint concerning the electronic dictionary I bought from your online store the other day.
Two weeks ago I mailed the money that ordered and soon received the electronic dictionary. I followed the instructions attached with it. Instead I cannot get it started anyway. After changed the battery inside several times in vain，I totally gave it up.
I wrote to your company expecting a prompt solution to this problem. I would hope that you could do something to give me a satisfactory feedback. And I will appreciate it very much if you put a
strict test on these electronic dictionaries ，thus stop the continuing complaints and suffers of other comtomers.
Sincerely Yours，
Zhang Wei
2012年考研英语真题：作文题目及范文
作文
一些外国留学生将要来你的大学，以学生会的名义给他们写一封email,
1. 表示你的欢迎
2. 为他们在这里的校园生活提供一些建议
请写100个字左右，请不要在信的末尾写你的名字，用笔名代替，不要写地址。
范文
亲爱的同学们，
首先请允许我代表我校的各位领导老师及同学们对你们的到来表示热烈的欢迎，欢迎来到我校学习和生活。
不同国家的校园生活有所不同，为了使你们的生活更加舒适，下面我将介绍一些在我校生活的一些建议。
首先，在中国不可以直呼老师的名字，因为中国是一个礼仪之邦，中国人用称呼表达对老师的尊重。
其次，希望你们珍惜在中国学习的时间，主动增加与中国人交流的机会，这样既能提高你们的汉语水平，也能了解中国的文化。
最后，如果你们在生活和学习上遇到困难，及时与我们沟通。祝你们在中国的留学生活愉快!
学生会
Dear students,
First of all, allow me, on behalf of the leaders of our school teachers and students ar e warmly welcome to come to you, welcome to our school and life.
Campus life is different in different countries, in order to make your life more comfo rtable, the following I will describe some of the proposals in my school life.
First of all, cannot call the teacher's name in China, because China is a ritual of cer emony, Chinese used to call the expression of respect for teachers.
Secondly, I hope you cherish the time studying in China, take the initiative to increas e opportunities for interaction with Chinese people, so that both can improve your Chinese language level, can understand Chinese culture.
Finally, if you encounter difficulty in living and learning, to communicate with us in a timely manner.Wishes you to study abroad in China live in interesting times!
Student Union
作文2：
这幅漫画象征性的描述了一个倒在地上的瓶子，一些牛奶洒了出来。在这个瓶子的旁边站着两个人，一个垂头丧气的说“全完了!”，而另一个则说“幸好还剩点儿!”。这幅画所表达的内容既意义深远又发人深省。
这幅漫画的目的是告诉我们在生活、工作和学习中遇到挫折时，不同的人持有不同的态度。积极乐观的人总是能够发掘事情好的一面，而消极悲观的人总是为他失去的东西伤心抱怨。总之，一个人的态度能够决定他的成败。
在我看来，我们应该向那个积极乐观的人学习。在生活中无论遇到什么样的困难，我们都应该用积极乐观的态度来面对。只有这样，我们才能取得成功。
This cartoon token describes a bottle that fell to the ground, some milk spilled out. The bottle stands next to two people, a dejected saying "is all over! "While another said" Fortunately have left! ”。The contents expressed in the painting is both meaningful and thought-provoking.
This cartoon is designed to tell us to live, work and learning are down, you, differen t people hold different attitudes. Optimistic people can always discover what's good side, and negative and pessimistic people always losing things sad for him to complain. In shor t, a person's attitudes can make or break him.
In my opinion, we should learn from the positive and optimistic man. No matter wha t difficulties she met in life, we should use a positive and optimistic attitude to face. Onl y in this way, we can be successful.
严歌苓说，人之间的关系不一定从陌生进展为熟识，从熟识走向陌生，同样是正常进展。
人与人之间的缘分，远没有想像中的那么牢固，也许前一秒钟还牵手一起经历风雨，后一秒就说散就散，所以，你要懂得善待和珍惜。
人与人相处，讲究个真心，你对我好，我就对你好，你给予真情，我还你真意，人心是相互的。
两个人在一起，总会有人主动，但主动久了，就会累，会伤心，心伤了就暖不回来了，凡事多站在对方的角度想一想，多一份忍耐和谦就，就不会有那么多的怨气和误解，也少了一些擦肩而过。
做人不要太苛刻，太苛无友，人无完人，每个人都有这样或那样的缺点，重在包容。包容是一种大度，整天笑呵呵的人并不是他没有脾气和烦恼，而是心胸开阔，两个懂得相互包容的人，才能走得越久。
人与人相处，要多一份真诚，俗语说，你真我便真。常算计别人的人，总以为自己有多聪明，孰不知被欺骗过的人，就会选择不再相信，千万别拿人性来试人心，否则你会输得体无完肤。
人与人相处不要太较真，生活中我们常常因为一句话而争辩的面红耳赤，你声音大，我比你嗓门还大，古人说，有理不在声高，很多时候，让人臣服的不是靠嘴，而是靠真诚，无论是朋友亲人爱人都不要太较真了，好好说话，也是一种修养。
俗语说，良言一句三冬暖，你对我好，我又岂能不知，你谦让与我，我又怎能再得寸进尺，你欣赏我，我就有可能越变越好，你尊重我，我也会用尊重来回报你，你付出爱，必会得到更多的爱。
与人相处，要多一份和善，切忌恶语相向，互相伤害就有可能永远失去彼此，每个人心中都有一座天平，每个人心中都藏一份柔软，表面再强势的人，内心也是渴求温暖的。
做人要学会谦虚，虚怀若谷。人人都喜欢和谦虚的人交往，司马懿说：“臣一路走来，没有敌人，看见的都是朋友和师长”.这就是胸怀。
有格局的人，心中藏有一片海，必能前路开阔，又何愁无友。
人与人相处，开始让人舒服的也许是你的言语和外表，但后来让人信服的一定是你的内在。就如那句，欣赏一个人，始于颜值，敬于才华，合于性格，久于善良，终于人品。
人这一生，遇见相同的人不容易，遇见正确的人更不容易，只有选择了合适的相处方式，带上真诚与人相处，才会走得更长，更远更久。
人与人相处，要多一份真诚，俗语说，你真我便真。常算计别人的人，总以为自己有多聪明，孰不知被欺骗过的人，就会选择不再相信，千万别拿人性来试人心，否则你会输得体无完肤。
人与人相处不要太较真，生活中我们常常因为一句话而争辩的面红耳赤，你声音大，我比你嗓门还大，古人说，有理不在声高，很多时候，让人臣服的不是靠嘴，而是靠真诚，无论是朋友亲人爱人都不要太较真了，好好说话，也是一种修养。
俗语说，良言一句三冬暖，你对我好，我又岂能不知，你谦让与我，我又怎能再得寸进尺，你欣赏我，我就有可能越变越好，你尊重我，我也会用尊重来回报你，你付出爱，必会得到更多的爱。
与人相处，要多一份和善，切忌恶语相向，互相伤害就有可能永远失去彼此，每个人心中都有一座天平，每个人心中都藏一份柔软，表面再强势的人，内心也是渴求温暖的。
做人要学会谦虚，虚怀若谷。人人都喜欢和谦虚的人交往，司马懿说：“臣一路走来，没有敌人，看见的都是朋友和师长”.这就是胸怀。
有格局的人，心中藏有一片海，必能前路开阔，又何愁无友。
人与人相处，开始让人舒服的也许是你的言语和外表，但后来让人信服的一定是你的内在。就如那句，欣赏一个人，始于颜值，敬于才华，合于性格，久于善良，终于人品。