(完整版)跨文化交际复习题和答案解析

判断题

T 1 As a phenomenon, intercultural communication has existed for thousands of years. However, as a discipline, its history is only about fifty years. 作为一种现象，跨文化传播已经存在了数千年。然而，作为一门学科，它的历史只有大约五十年。

F 2 Intercultural Communication as a discipline first started in Europe. 跨文化交际是欧洲第一门学科

F 3 Culture is a static entity 静态的实体 while communication is a dynamic process. 文化是一个静态

的实体而沟通是一个动态的过程

T 4 Culture can be seen as shared knowledge ,what people need to know in order to act appropriately in a given 约定的特定的 culture. 文化可以被看作是一种共享的知识，人们需要知道的是在一个特定的文化中扮

演适当的行为

T 5 Although cultural stereotype has its limitations (over-generalization),it still contributes to a perso n’s cultural cognition.认识、认知文化刻板印象虽有其局限性，但仍有助于人的文化认知。

T 6 In intercultural communication, we should separate one’s individual character from cultural generalization. 在跨文化交际中，我们要把自己的个性和文化的泛化分开。

T 7 Cultural mistakes are more serious than linguistic mistakes. The linguistic mistake means that someone is not fully expressing his or her idea while cultural mistakes can lead to serious misunderstanding and even ill-feeling between individuals. 文化错误比语言错误更严重。语言错误意味着有人不能充分表达

自己的想法，而文化上的错误会导致严重的误解，甚至个人之间的不适感

F 8 All people of the same nationality will have the same culture. 所有同一民族的人都会有相同的文化

T 9 Although two cultures may share the same ideas, their meaning and significance may not be the same. 虽然两国文化有着相同的想法，但它们的意义和意义可能不一样

F 10 One’s actions are totally independe nt of his or her culture. 个人的行为完全独立于他或她的文化

II Comprehension Check

T 1、All cultures require and value politeness, but the ways in which politeness is achieved may vary significantly. 所有的文化都需要和价值的礼貌，但礼貌的方式可能会有所不同

T_2、Don’t take offence-getting the form of a ddress ”wrong” is rarely intended to be offensive.不

要拿“错误”的形式来攻击，这是很难得的进攻

T_3、Addressing forms like “Miss Mary”, ”Brown” by the Chinese may be a form of cultural compromise. 解决形式如“玛丽小姐”，“棕色”由中国可能是一种文化妥协的形式。

T_4.Ranks in the armed forces like Captain, Colonel can be used as titles. 上校，上校，上校，可以用

作头衔

F_5.Westerners can understand what Uncle policeman or P.L.A. Uncle means. 西方人能够理解警察叔叔和解

放军叔叔的手段。

F6.We can address Jason Douglas, who is a lawyer, as Lawyer Douglas. 我们可以解决杰森道格拉斯，他是

个律师，律师道格拉斯。

F_7.Chinese hospitality toward the westerners is always greatly appreciated. 中国人对西方人的热情好

客是非常赞赏的。

F_8.The Chinese way of showing concern is usually appreciated by the Westerners. 西方人对中国人的关

注往往受到西方人的赞赏。

F_9.”Thank you for coming!” is a typical exp ression used by Western hosts when the guests just arrived. 谢谢你的到来！“当客人刚到的时候，这是西方主人使用的一种典型的表达形式。

T_10.”I’m sorry to have wasted your time” or “I’m sorry to have taken up so much of your time”

are usually appropriate for the business visit. 我很抱歉浪费了你的时间”或者“我很抱歉占用了你这么多时间”，通常都是适合商务拜访的。

III Comprehension Check

T 1.sometimes the Chinese way of showing modesty may be considered as fishing for compliments. 有时，中国人表现出谦虚的方式可以被视为对赞美的赞美

T2.The social functions of Chinese and English compliments are roughly the same. 汉语和英语的社会功能大致相同。

T 3.In informal situations, a large number of compliments are used to make people feel comfortable. 在非正式场合，大量的赞美是让人感到舒服的

F 4.The cultural assumption of compliments is the same between cultures. 文化的假设是文化的相同的。

T 5.Adjectives and verbs are often used to convey compliment message in English, while adjectives, adverbs and verbs are often used in Chinese. 形容词和动词常被用来传递英语中的恭维话，而形容词、副词和动词常被用在汉语里。

F 6. English compliments often begin with the word “you” w hile Chinese compliments often start with the word “I”. 英语的赞美常以“你”一词开头，而中国人的赞美常以“我”一词开头

F 7. Chinese people give more compliments in daily life than Americans. 在日常生活中，中国人比美国人更为赞美。

F8. Americans tends to be self-effacing in their compliments responses. 美国人往往自谦在称赞别人的反应。

F 9. Compliments on other’s belongings are sometimes an indirect way of request in American culture. 对他人财物的赞美有时是美国文化中的一种间接的方式

T 10. If a guest compliments something in another person’s home, the Chinese host or hostess will probably give that thing to the guest. 如果一个客人在别人家里赞美别人的话，中国主人或女主人很可能会把这件事告诉客人。

IV Comprehension Check

F 1Verbal communication is more important than nonverbal communication. 言语交际比非语言交际更为重要F 2 “Dragon” means the same to the Westerner as “龙” to the Chinese.“龙”是指同为西方人的“龙”到中国。

F 3The Chinese phrase “知识分子” has the same meaning as “intellectual”.中国“知识分子”具有相

同的含义是“知识

T 4A term in one language may not have a counterpart in another language. 在一种语言中的一个术语在另一种语言中可能没有对等词

F 5 In referring to animals and birds, the Chinese practice is generally, but not always ,to use “公” or “母” to show whether a creature is male or female. This is the same with the English language. 在谈到动物和鸟类，中国的做法是通常，但不总是，用“公”或“母”来表明该生物是否是男性或女性。这与英语是一样的。

T 6 The following six English word: “vice”, “associate”, “assistant”, “deputy”, “lieutenant” and “under” can all mean “副” in Chinese language. 以下六个英文单词：“副”、“联想”、“助理”、“副”、“中尉”和“下”都是“副”在汉语中

F 7 There are as many similarities as dissimilarities between English proverbs and Chinese proverbs. 有许多相似之处，英语谚语和汉语谚语的异同。

T 8 Violating a cultural taboo is as serious as violating a verbal taboo, 违反文化禁忌的是严重违背了言语禁忌

T 9 Patterns of thought varies with culture. 思维方式随文化而变化。

T10 Particular thought patterns predominate in each culture, e.g. American culture is predominantly factual-inductive, Russian culture is predominantly axiomatic-deductive, and Arab cultures are predominately intuitive-affective.

在每一个特定的思维模式主导文化的T10，例如美国文化主要是事实的归纳，俄罗斯文化主要是公理化演绎，和阿拉伯文化以直观的情感。

V Comprehension Check

T1 Speaking is just one mode of communication. There are many others. 说只是一种交流方式。还有许多人F2 Some researchers assert that in face-to-face communication, about 70%of information is communicated through speaking, and over 30% sis sent by nonverbal means. 一些研究者断言，在面对面的交流中，约有70%的信息是通过说话，而超过30%则是通过非语言方式发送的

T3 Environment is one of the five study areas that nonverbal communication covers. 环境是非语言交际的五个研究领域之一

T4 Much of our nonverbal behavior, like culture, tends to elusive, spontaneous and frequently goes beyond our awareness. 我们大部分的非语言行为，如文化，往往难以实现，自发的，往往超越我们的认识

F 5 Latin American, African, Arab and most Asian cultures are M-Time cultures. 拉丁美洲，非洲，阿拉

伯和大多数亚洲文化是单一的文化。

T6 Arab belongs to tough cultures. 阿拉伯属于艰难的文化

T7 In some cultures, eye contact should be avoided in order to show respect or obedience. 在一些文化中，为了表示尊重或服从，应该避免使用目光接触

T8 the appropriateness of physical contact varies with different cultures. 身体接触的适宜性因不同的

文化而不同

F9 Western women usually like Chinese to touch their bodies or small children. 西方妇女通常喜欢中国

人接触他们的身体或小孩。

F10 Seating arrangements reflect culture. Chinese people tend to talk with those opposite them rather than those seated or standing beside them. 座位安排体现文化。中国人倾向于和他们说话，而不是坐在他

们旁边的人

VI Comprehension Check

F1.Gender is the cultural meaning of “sex”. 性别是“性”的文化内涵

F2.Sex and gender are synonymous.同义的性别和性别是同义词

T3.A lady might be feminine, masculine or a combination of both. 一位女士可能是女性，男性或两者的结

合

T4.Women are generally comfortable with building close relationships and confiding to others, while most men are reserved about involvement and disclosure. 女性一般舒适与建筑密切关系和信任别人，而大多数人

都保留对参与和披露。

F5.Most men use communication to create connection or equality between people. 大多数人用沟通来建立

联系或平等的人

F6.Women usually use communication to establish status and power. 女性通常使用沟通来确立地位和权力

T7.In feminine culture, communication is a way—probably the primary way—to express and expand closeness. 在女性文化中，传播是表达和扩大亲密关系的主要途径。

T8.Masculine socialization stresses doing things and regards action as primary ways to create and express closeness. 男性社会化强调做事情，把行动视为创造和表达亲密的主要方式。

T9.The first and last principal for effective cross-gender communication is suspending judgment. 有

效的跨性别传播的第一个和最后一个主要是中止判断。

T10.It is difficult but possible to seek translation cues that will facilitate our communication. 这是困难的，但可能寻求翻译线索，将有利于我们的沟通。

T1.The most common problems in cross-cultural negotiations concern (1) rules for conducting business, (2) the selection of negotiators, and (3) methods of decision-making. 最常见的问题，在跨文化谈判的关注（1）的规则，进行业务，（2）的选择，谈判，和（3）决策方法。

T2.The Japanese believe that socializing is integral to the negotiation process while the Americans do not think so. 日本人认为，社交是谈判过程中不可或缺的一部分，而美国人却不这么认为

F3.American negotiation team members are usually selected on the basis of their social and professional status. 美国谈判团队成员通常在他们的社会和职业地位的基础上

F4.Like Japanese and Chinese negotiators, a detailed written agreement is not central to the negotiation process in the Middle East, Mexico and France. 与日本和中国的谈判人员一样，在中东、墨西哥和法国的谈判进程中，有一个详细的书面协议是不一样的。

T5.The British employ a negotiating style similar to that of Americans, but more silence is utilized and they are less egalitarian. 英国人采用了类似于美国人的谈判风格，但更多的是利用沉默，他们也不太平等。

T6.Germans prefer clear, firm, and assertire expression while the Japanese encourage convert, fragmented expression. 德国人喜欢明确的，坚定的，和assertire表达而日本鼓励转换、碎片化的表达

T7.Mexican negotiators prefer the deductive approach. More emphasis is placed on contemplation and intuition. 墨西哥谈判者更喜欢演绎的方法。更强调的是沉思和直觉。

F8.The Brazilians do not openly disagree during formal negotiations; they would consider this insulting and embarrassing. 在正式谈判中，巴西人不会公开地不同意，他们会考虑这种侮辱和尴尬。

T9.Creating a comfortable climate and spending time on the exploratory phase of negotiations are crucial in Middle East and Brazil. 创造一个舒适的气候和花费时间在谈判的探索阶段是至关重要的中东和巴西。

F10.Women are frequent participants on a Japanese negotiation team. 女性经常参加一个日本谈判小组。名词解释

1 economic globalization(经济全球化）：the integration of national economies into the international economy through trade, foreign direct investment, capital flows, migration, and the spread of technology.

2 barter system(物物交换）：exchange without money

–Farming communities traded their surplus produce in exchange for products and services without the medium of money.

–Human society has always traded goods across great distances.

3 global village(地球村）：the world form one community

–All the different parts of the world form one community linked together by electronic communications, especially the Internet.

4 melting pot(大熔炉）：a socio-cultural assimilation of people of different backgrounds and nationalities.

5 culture(文化）：can been seen as shared knowledge, what people need to know in order to act appropriately in a given culture.

6 cultural diversity(文化融合）：refers to the mix of people from various backgrounds in the labor force with a full mix of cultures and sub-cultures to which members belong.

7. Communication(交际）: mean to share with or to make common, as in giving to another a part or share of your thoughts, hopes, and knowledge.

8 intercultural communication(跨文化交际）：communication between people whose cultural backgrounds and distinct(不同） enough to alter（改变） their communicaion。

1 Pragmatics（语用学）: the study of the effect that language has on human perceptions and behavior.

2 Semantics（语义学）：a system that associates words to meaning. It is the study of the meaning of words.

3 Denotation（引申含义）：the literal meaning or definition of a word --- the explicit, particular, defined meaning.

1 Chronemics（时间学）：The study of how people perceive and use time.

(1) Polychromic Time: paying attention to and doing only one thing at a time.

(2)Polychronic Time（多元时间观念）: being involved with many things at once.

2 Proxemics（空间学）：Refers to the perception and use of space.

3 Kinetics（身势学）:the study of body language.身势学

4 Paralanguage(副语言)：Involving sounds but not word and lying between verbal and nonverbal communication .

1 A planetary culture（行星文化）: integrates Eastern mysticism with Western science and rationalism(理性主义）.

2 Intercultural person（跨文化的人）: represents someone whose cognitive(认知的）, affective, and behavioral(行为的）characteristics are open to growth beyond the psychological parameters(心理界限）of his or her own culture.

High-context cultures（含蓄的文化） assign meaning to many of the stimuli surrounding an explicit message. In high-context cultures, verbal messages have little meaning without the surrounding context, which includes the overall relationship between all the people engaged in communication.

Low-context cultures （外向型的文化）exclude many of those stimuli and focus more intensely on the objective communication event, whether it be a word, a sentence, or a physical gesture. In low-context cultures, the message itself means everything.

"I"culture(个体主义）：1.Freedom to control their won destiny 2.Self-reliance to stand on their own feet

3.Privacy to mind their own business

4.Family ties tend to be relatively unimportant

"We"culture(集体主义）：1.Harmony to strive for the common good https://www.wendangku.net/doc/f77232927.html,petition is not encouraged 3.Limit rights to property 4.Filial piety(孝顺） 5.Inter-dependant

Power distance(权利差距）：describes the distribution(分布） of influence within the culture, the extent to which the less powerful members of organizations and institutions accept and expect that power is distributed unequally. Cultures are classified on a continuum(延续体）of high to low distance, that is hierarchy(等级主义） v.s. egalitarian（平等主义）.

Masculine cultures(刚性文化）:These cultures place high values on maculine traits and stress assertiveness, competition and material success.

Feminine cultures(柔性文化）：These cultures place high values on feminne traits and stress quality of life, interpersonal relationships and concern for the weak.

1. Enculturation(文化习得): all the activities of learning one’s culture are called enculturation

9. Acculturation(文化适应): the process which adopts the changes brought about by another culture and develops an increased similarity between the two cultures.

10. Ethnocentric(文化中心主义): the belief that your own cultural background is superior.

11. Communication: mean to share with or to make common, as in giving to another a part or share of your thoughts, hopes, and knowledge.

12. Source交际邀请

The source is the person with an idea he or she desires to communicate.

13.Encoding编码Unfortunately (or perhaps fortunately), humans are not able to share thoughts directly. Your communication is in the form of a symbol representing the idea you desire to communicate. Encoding is the process of putting an idea into a symbol.

1. Message编码信息The term message identifies the encoded thought. Encoding is the process, the verb;

the message is the resulting object.

2. Channel交际渠道The term channel is used technically to refer to the means by which the encoded message is transmitted. The channel or medium, then, may be print, electronic, or the light and sound waves of the face-to-face communication.

3. Noise干扰The term noise technically refers to anything that distorts the message the source encodes.

4. Receiver交际接受The receiver is the person who attends to the message.

1. Decoding解码Decoding is the opposite process of encoding and just as much an active process. The receiver is actively involved in the communication process by assigning meaning to the symbols received.

2. Receiver response接受反应The receiver is the person who attends to the message. Receiver response refers to anything the receiver does after having attended to and decoded the message.

3. Feedback反馈Feedback refers to that portion of the receiver response of which the source has knowledge and to which the source attends and assigns meaning.

1. Context场景The final component of communication is context. Generally, context can be defined as the environment in which the communication takes place and which helps define the communication. 16. Connotation（内涵）：the suggestive meaning of a word --- all the values, judgment, and beliefs implied by a word the historical and associative accretion of the unspoken significance behind the literal meaning.

17. Taboo禁忌语：refers to some objects, words or actions that are avoided by a particular group of people, or in certain culture for religious or social reasons.

18. Euphemism委婉语：Means the act of substituting a mild, indirect, or vague term for one considered harsh, blunt, or offensive.

Strike while the iron is hot 趁热打铁 More haste, less speed. 欲速不达

To pass fish eyes for pearls 鱼目混珠

as stubborn as a mule 犟得像头牛

dumb bell 笨蛋 to fish in the air 水底捞月

to drink like a fish 牛饮 as dry as sawdust 味同嚼蜡

to be at the end of one’s rope 山穷水尽

landscape engineer 园林工人 tonsorial artist 理发师

sanitation engineer 清洁工 shoe rebuilder 补鞋匠

soft in the head 发疯的 reckless disregard for truth 撒谎

to take things without permission 偷窃

industrial climate 劳资关系紧张

justice has long arms 天网恢恢，疏而不漏 fat office 肥缺

diamond cut diamond 棋逢对手 golden saying 金玉良言

You will cross the bridge when you get to it船到桥头自然直

better be the head of a dog than the tail of a lion 宁为鸡头，勿为牛后

tread upon eggs 如履薄冰

简答题

9 components of communication（交际的十大要素）

①source(来源）：the person who desires to

②encoding(编码）：the process of putting on idea into a symbol

③message(信息）：identifies the encoding thought

④channel(渠道）：the means of transmission(传播途径）

⑤noise(干扰）：anything distorts the messages

⑥receiver(接受者）：the person who attends to the message

⑦decoding(解码）：assigning meaning to the symbols received

⑧receiver response(接受者反应）：anything the receiver does

⑨feedback(反馈）：the portion which the source has knowledge and to which the source attends and assigns meaning

⑩context(场景）：help define(使明确） the communication

1.Discuss the four trends that make our world more interdependent.

①convenient transportation systems(便捷的交通系统）②innovative communication systems(革新通信技术）

③economic globailzation(经济全球化）④widespread migrations(广泛的移民)

2.What are the three ingredients(组成) of culture?

①artifacts(the material and spiritual products people produce)

②behavior(what they do)③concepts(共有观点）(what they think)

3.How to understand cultural iceberg?

just as an iceberg, culture has some aspects that are observable and others that can only be suspected an imagined. Also like an iceberg, nine-tenth of culture is below the surface

4.What are the characteristic(特点） of culture?

①shared ②learned(enculuration 文化习得：learning one's culture)

③dynamic(动态的）（accultration文化适应：adopts the changes brought about by another culture)④ethnocentric(ethnocentrism文化中心主义：own cultural background is superior)

5.What are the characteristic of communication?

①dynamic(动态性）；②irreversible(不可逆转的）③symbolic(符号的）④systematic(系统性）⑤transactional （互动性）⑥contextual(语境)

1.How is Chinese addressing different from American addressing?

①In Chinese the surname comes first and is followed by the given name；

in English this order is reversed.

②In China seniority(资历）is paid respects to.

Nowadays, many English-speaking people tend to address others by their given names, even when meeting for the first time.

(About addressing by relationship）Chinese often exten kinship terms to people not related by blood or marriage.

Americans tend to use just the first name and leave out the term of relationship.

Chinese use a person's title、office、or profession to indicate(表明） the person's influential(有权势的）status .In English, only a few occupations or titles could be used，such as doctor, governor, mayor, professor, nurse and captain.(p24)

1. What are the different features of M-Time and P-time?

M-Time think time is perceived as a linear strucure.认为时间是线性的

P-Time is less rigid(刻板）and clock-bound,more flexible and more human-centered.

3. What are the different feature of m-time and p-time? P97

M: Do one thing at a time

Take time commitments seriously

Are committed to the job

Adhere religiously to plans

Emphasize promptness

Are accustomed to short-term relationships

P: Do many things at once

Consider time commitments an objective to be achieved, if possible

Are committed to people and human relationships

Change plans often and easily

Base promptness on the relationship

Have strong tendency to build lifetime relationships

M-time is noted for its emphasis on schedules, segmentation, punctuality and promptness. It features one event at a time and time is perceived as a linear structure.

P-time is less rigid and clock-bound. It features several activities at the same time and time is perceived as more flexible and more human-centered.

2. What are the social functions of compliments?(赞美的社会功能是什么？)

Creating or reinforcing(加固） solidarity, greeting people, expressing thanks or congratulations, encouraging people, softening criticism（委婉批评）,starting a conversation, or even overcoming embarrassment（窘迫）.

2. How is the Chinese writing style different the American writing style?

The Chinese employ a circular approach in writing. In this kind of indirect writing, the development of the paragraph may be said to be ‘turning and turning in a widening gyre’. The circles or gyres turn around the subject and show it from a variety of tangential views, but the subject is never looked at directly. A paragraph is set off by an indentation of its first sentences or by some other conventional devise, such as extra space between paragraphs.

In contrast, the Americans are direct and linear in writing. An English expository paragraph usually begins with a topic statement, and then, by a series of subdivisions of that topic statement, each supported by example and illustrations, proceeds, to develop that central idea and relate that idea to all other ideas in the whole essay, and to employ that idea in proper relationship with the other ideas, to prove something, or perhaps to argue something.

4. What different worldview can be drive from Buddhism（佛教） and Christianity（基督教）? Buddhists do not believe in a god or gods who created the world. However, they do believe that there is a supreme and wonderful truth that words cannot teach, and ritual cannot attain.

Buddhists are not favorably disposed to the notion of free enterprise and the pursuit of material well-being. Seen from a western worldview, having no desires adversely affects motives for personal enrichment and growth generally. Thus, little support is accorded to free enterprise.

Christianity recognizes the importance of work and free ownership of property. Protestant, in particular, sees the salvation of the individual through hard work and piety.

5. What is the American cultural value like in terms of value orientation?（美国文化价值取向）As far as the human nature is concerned, the American culture holds that it is evil but perfectible through hard work.

As to the relation of man to nature, they think mankind can conquer the nature.

They also have a linear time concept and therefore they are future-oriented.

They focus on doing and think that only actions can solve the problem.They are quite individualistic and therefore they focus less on the benefits of the group.

4.Discuss the contents of …

1)Chronemics:The study of how people perceive and use time.时间学(1)Monochronic Time:paying attention to and doing only one thing at a time.(2)Polychronic Time:being involved with many things at once.

2)Proxemics:the perception and use of space.空间学

3)Kinetics:the study of body language.身势学

4)Paralanguage:involving sounds but not words and lying between verbal and nonverbal communication.

6.Discover the meaning of some common gestures in English

①good luck②feel surprised③I don't know④Pardon! Can't hear⑤That's enough, Please over⑥thamb-dowm⑦Sth strange/odd⑧Come here⑨in the U.S., meaning "OK"⑩in Italy, meaning "Hero". in U.S., "goodbye"⑾Oh, I forgot⑿Slow down/Relax/Wait a second.

8..What has influenced the gender socialization?（什么会影响性别社会化）

There are two primary influences on gender socialization:family communication,particularly between mothers and children,and recreational interaction among children.

9. Discuss the concepts of high context culture and low contexgt culture.（讨论高、低语境）

Eastern culture favors verbal hesitance and ambiguity in order to avoid disturbing or offending others,the vurden of smooth communication effective is shared equally between all parties involved.

The Western communicative mode is primarily(直接） direct,explicit（明确）,and verbal,relying heavily on logical and rational perception(感知）,thinking，andarticulation.So the task of communicating effectively lies primarily on the speaker.

10.How is gender different from sex?

Sex:biological, permanent, with an individual property

Gender:socially-constructed, varied over time and across cultures, with a social and relational quality 11.Six principles for Effective Cross-gender Comunication(六条有效的跨性别交际原则)

1)Suspend judgement 2)Recognize the validity of different communication styles 3)Provide translation cues 4)Seek translation cues 5)Enlarge your own communication style 6)Suspend judgement

跨文化交际习题

跨文化交际习题

跨文化交际习题 1. 单选题：（1.0分） 在日本，喝汤时发出很大吮吸的声音会被认为是______。 A. 粗鲁而讨厌的 B. 你喜欢这种汤的表现 C. 在家里不要紧，在公共场合则不妥 D. 只有外国人才这么做 解答： B 参考答案： B 2. 单选题：（1.0分）

在日本，自动售货机里出售除下列哪一种饮料以外的所有其他饮料？ A. 啤酒 B. 加糖精的保健饮料 C. 加糖的咖啡 D. 美国公司生产的软饮料 解答： B 参考答案： B 3. 单选题：（1.0分） 在拉丁美洲，管理者______。 A. 一般会雇佣自己家族的成员 B. 认为雇佣中级家族成员是不合适的 C. 强调雇佣少数特殊群体员工的重要性

D. 通常雇佣比实际工作所需更多的员工 解答： A 参考答案： A 4. 单选题：（1.0分） 在拉丁美洲，人们______。 A. 认为交谈时和对方进行眼神交流是不礼貌的 B. 总是等到对方说完才开始说话 C. 身体接触次数比相似情况下北美商人多 D. 避免身体接触，因为这被认为是对个人隐私的侵犯解答： C 参考答案： C

5. 单选题：（1.0分） 马来西亚的主要宗教是______。 A. 佛教 B. 犹太教 C. 基督教 D. 伊斯兰教 解答： D 参考答案： D 6. 单选题：（1.0分） 在泰国______。 A. 男性之间挽手同行很常见

B. 男女之间在公共场合挽手很常见 C. 男女同行是很粗鲁的举止 D. 传统上男性和女性在街上遇见会互相亲吻解答： A 参考答案： A 7. 单选题：（1.0分） 在印度，进食时恰当的举止是______。 A. 用右手取食物，用左手吃 B. 用左手取食物，用右手吃 C. 取食物和吃都只用左手 D. 取食物和吃都只用右手 解答： D 参考答案： D

《跨文化交际学概论》课后习题答案

第一讲跨文化交际 1. 在你的日常活动中哪些是比较典型的跨文化交际？ 答：（1）具有不同文化背景的人从事交际的过程就是跨文化交际。 （2）日常活动中比较典型的跨文化交际有： ①中外领导人谈判、进出口公司的工作人员与外国商人谈生意； ②和外国旅游者、外国留学生、外国教师交往； ③阅读外国小说、观看外国电影、电视节目。 2. 你认为强调个人之间的文化差异有什么利弊？ 答：强调个人之间的文化差异有如下利弊： （1）利：每个人都隶属于若干群体，而且没有哪两个人隶属的群体是完全相同的。即使在同一群体中，每个人的态度、价值和信念也不会完全一样。因此，每个人都应该被认为是独特的。强调个人的差异，就是在从地区、职业、年龄、性别等方面来研究不同文化对个体的影响，这有助于跨文化交际深入开展。 （2）弊：过于强调个人之间的文化差异也有一定的弊端。个体只是一种或多种文化的具体情况。根据传统的观念，文化通常不是指个人行为，而是指一个群体的生活方式和习惯，个人之间的差异研究只有在把他们当作群体代表时才有意义。过于强调个人文化之间的差异会使跨文化交际变得非常繁琐，实际上取消了跨文化研究的意义。 3. 我国的地区文化差异是否可以作为跨文化交际研究的重要方面？ 答：我国的地区文化差异可以作为跨文化交际研究的重要方面。 （1）跨文化交际研究的重要性排序如下：主流文化—亚文化—地区文化—小群体文化。 （2）地区文化的差异是跨文化交际研究的重要课题之一。我国幅员辽阔、地域广袤，地势高低起伏，地形复杂多变，由于空间分布差异，各地区形成了具有各自地方特斯的区域文化。 （3）同时，我国是一个多民族国家，每个民族都有自己的民族文化传统，这些也构成了地区文化的一部分。这些地区文化从总体上看，特点显著，区别性强，差异性大，值得进行跨文化研究。

跨文化交际答案1

大学英语跨文化交际双语课程水平测试题（一） I. Multiple Choice(20 points, 2 points each) Directions: There are some statements in this section. For each statement there are four choices marked A, B, C, D, choose the ONE that best complete the statement. 1.In the United States continues to welcome a large number of immigrants移民each year and has referred to as a melting-pot大熔炉society. This trend can reflect the theory of ___A__. A. macroculture B. microculture C. globalization D. modernization 2. A teenager dresses like and talks like a gang member but not a member of any gang. This case reflects the ___A____ characteristic of subgroup. A. deviant label B. temporality C. wanna-be behavior D. unexamined 3.When you talk with your friends about Picasso, Beethoven, you are talking about culture from ___B___ perspective. A. anthropological人类学 B. intellectual有才智的 C. social D. psychological心理 4.The dialogues at the United Nations, for example, would be termed __B_______. A. interracial communication B. interethnic communication C. international communication D. interpersonal communication 5.There is a Chinese belief that “One is good in nature with different characteristics but similar habits. However, if he is not well educated, his nature changes”. This belief can reflect that____C___. A. Human nature is evil but perfectible B. Human nature is a mixture of good and evil C. Human nature is good but corruptible容易 堕落的 D. None of the above 6.Mr. Wang, a Chinese immigrate in U.S, has adapted himself so well to American culture that he gradually lost his Chinese cultural identity. This process is called__C___. A. separation and segregation隔离 B. integration整合一体化 C. assimilation吸收同化 D. marginalization边缘化 7.Liming, a Chinese student, just began his study in a university in the United States. In his first week in U.S., he thought everything was new and exciting, and he enjoyed himself a lot. Liming is in__A___ stage of culture shock. A. honeymoon蜜月 B. crisis危机 C. reintegration再整合 D. gradual adjustment逐渐适应 8. ___C__ is the process of putting an idea into a symbol. A. Decoding B. Channel C. Encoding D. Source 9.___A__ refers to anything that distorts歪曲曲解the message the source encodes. A. Noise B. Message C. Source D. Context 10.___D__ refers to that portion of the receiver response of which the source has knowledge and to which the source attends and assigns meaning.

大学英语跨文化交际教程课后答案完整版

期末考试范围 ? 1. 阅读理解2篇（20%） ? 2. 选词填空：15个句子（15个备选项，课后的key concepts,概念的词为主。（15%） ?eg: ———the belief that any individual, no matter how poor, can achieve wealth and fame through diligence and virtue. ? 3. 简答题：课后comprehension questions和case study( 课内或者稍微改动的）。（25%） 4. 实用写作：一封信什么的（格式）（10%） 5. 写作：给出某个文化现象观点，运用所学文化差异进行评论 （comment)。（30%） 如: 说给一个关于教育的话题（文化现象），我们要用所学的中 美教育差异进行评论，议论文形式。 价值观，家庭观，社会关系朋友观，饮食观，教育观，时间观等 篇目：Unit1: A B C Unit2 A Unit3 A B Unit5A Unit6A Unit7 A Unit10 B Unit1 A Key concepts reservation: 谦逊的coldness: 冷静的 modesty：谦虚的 humor：幽默的 sportsmanship：运动员精神 Q1、what is a reserved person like? Answer: A reserved person is one who does not talk very much to strangers, does not show much emotion, and seldom gets excited. Q2、what is the character of the Englishmen? Answer: reserved 、humor、modesty、cold、sportsmanship. Q3、what is sportsmanship? Answer: sportsmanship is the ability to practice a sport according to its rules, while al so showing generosity to one’s opponent and good temper in defeat. Case study Q、What made the British feel quite unhappy in this situation?

跨文化交际课前习题答案

UnitTwoCultureShock Ⅰ.Fillinblanks a.Inaformalwesternmeal,youreofferedasecondhelpingbutyouhavealready hadenough.Youshouldsay“______”.ThatwasdeliciousbutIvealreadyhadple nty,thanks. b.Taboosarewords,expressions,et c.thatareconsideredasbeing______or__ ____.unpleasant,disgustingc.______isaculturethatscoreshighonindividual ism.Individualculture d.Socialdistancereferstothedegreeof______or______betweentwoculture s.similarity,dissimilarity e.Becauseoftheir______,individualistsgivelittleth oughttothe______ofothers.Butcollectivistscareverymuchwhatothersinth eirgroupsthinkanddonotliketobethetargetsof______and_______.indepen dence,evaluations,scrutiny,criticism Ⅱ.KeyTerms a.cultureshock b.collectivistculture c.hospitality d.politeness e.privacy 在一个正式的西餐，你再提供一次帮助但你已经有足够的。你应该说“______”。那是美味的但我已经有很多，谢谢。 B.禁忌词，表达，等，被视为______或______。不愉快的，令人厌恶的 C. ______是一种文化，分数高的个人主义。个体文化 D.社会距离指的是______或______程度在两种文化之间。相似性，相异性 E.因为他们______，个人主义者不在乎别人的______。但集体主义者非常关心他们小组

跨文化交际课后答案

Case 1 A Canadian The shipping agent(代理) is serving the customers in the way that is considered efficient in Venezuelan(委内瑞拉) culture. To the Canadian, however, this is unfocused activity(活动) that is not nearly as efficient(有效地) as it would be —particularly from her point of view — if the agent simply dealt(处理) exclusively(专门) with her scheduled(计划) appointment. In Canada, businesspeople typically(通常) write appointments and activities into the day’s agenda(议程) every day. They then work sequentially(顺序) through the agenda until they have completed each task or the day is over. In other words, Canadians prefer to do one thing at a time, while the South Americans, including Venezuelans, tend to do a few things simultaneously(同时). Case 2 A dozen As a Westerner, the American visiting professor(客座教授) does not quite understand the collective ownership(集体所有制) of information in some other cultural environments. What made her annoyed(恼火) is a different attitude toward information about people. In the United States, it is generally assumed(认为) that personal matters are private(隐私). Teachers go through elaborate(精心) procedures(设计) to assure that students do not have access(接触) to each other’s grades. In business it is the same. Evaluations(评估) are confidential(保密的). Case 3 When As a matter of fact, the American woman was not being disrespectful(不敬). However, it is clear that her way of showing respect and welcome was different from the ancient tradition of keeping physical distance from superiors(上级), which is still widely observed(遵守), especially when royalty(皇室) is involved(有关的). Paul Keating, the Australian prime minister(总理), may have intended(打算) to suggest by his gesture(姿态) that Australia would no longer accept the queen as head of state but just as one of their honored guests. Obviously, the British would not like it at all. Sometimes, such seemingly(表面上的) trivial(琐碎的) things can influence relations between countries. That’s why protocol(协议) is taken seriously and people who are to hold diplomatic(外交) posts(公告) will be given detailed and careful instructions(指示). Case 7 A female When the Canadian young man said, “Who took my peanut butter(花生酱)?”, what he really meant was “Where is my peanut butter? I can’t find it.” The Chinese doctor felt upset because in Chinese culture questions like this, especially expressed in the way the young Canadian man did, often imply(暗示) that someone is to blame(罪魁祸首). Chinese culture prohibits(禁止) direct accusing（指责）unless a person has been targeted for shame. However, true(忠诚的) to her learned cultural behavior of never

大学英语跨文化交际教程课后答案(全)

Unit1 Sportsmanship:It is the ability to practise a sport according to its rules, while also showing generosity to one’s opponent and good temper in defeat. 2. Traditionally, an Englishman is thought to be reserved, unemotional, courteous, shy of strangers, suspicious of change, and slow to accept new ideas. 3. It is the ability to practise a sport according to its rules, while also showing generosity to one’s oppo nent and good temper in defeat. Moreover, sportsmanship as an idea is applied to life in general. The pioneering spirit: Except for the brought from Africa, immigrants came to America voluntarily, early in search of greater prosperity and freedom. Rags-to-riches: It is story about a poor boy who, because he was hardworking, honest, and lucky, grew up to become rich and respected. American dream: The belief that any individual, no matter how poor, can achieve weather and fame through diligence and virtue. 1.Traditionally, individualism, independence and collaboration, practice, tolerance, melting pot and racial discrimination are the character of Americans. 3.The American Dream is the belief that any individual, no matter how poor, can achieve wealth and fame through diligence and virtue. Unit 2 Key concepts Five relationships Five relationships: ruler-minister, father-son, husband-wife, elder-younger brother and friend-friend. Humanism Humanism means that man not only had the right to enjoy the beauty of their life, but also had the ability to perfect themselves and perform wonders. Individualism An individualism culture is one in which people tend to view themselves ad individuals and to emphasize the needs of individuals.

跨文化交际课前习题答案

Unit Two Culture Shock Ⅰ.Fill in blanks a. In a formal western meal, you?re offered a second helping but you hav e already had enough. You should say “______”. That was delicious but I?ve already had plenty, thanks. b. Taboos are words, expressions, et c. that are considered as being _____ _ or ______. unpleasant, disgusting c. ______ is a culture that scores high on individualism. Individual culture d. Social distance refers to the degree of ______ or ______ between two c ultures. similarity, dissimilarity e. Because of their ______, individualists give little thought to the ______ of others. But collectivists care very mu ch what others in their groups think and do not like to be the targets of __ ____ and _______. independence, evaluations, scrutiny, criticism Ⅱ. Key Terms a. culture shock b. collectivist culture c. hospitality d. politeness e. privacy 在一个正式的西餐，你?再提供一次帮助但你已经有足够的。你应该说“______”。那是美味的但我?已经有很多，谢谢。 B.禁忌词，表达，等，被视为______或______。不愉快的，令人厌恶的 C. ______是一种文化，分数高的个人主义。个体文化

大学英语跨文化交际教程课后答案(全)

Unit1 Sportsmanship: It is the ability to practise a sport according to its rules, while also showing generosity to one’s opponent and good temper in defeat. 2. Traditionally, an Englishman is thought to be reserved, unemotional, courteous, shy of strangers, suspicious of change, and slow to accept new ideas. 3.It is the ability to practise a sport according to its rules, while also showing generosity to one’s oppo nent and good temper in defeat. Moreover, sportsmanship as an idea is applied to life in general. The pioneering spirit: Except for the brought from Africa, immigrants came to America voluntarily, early in search of greater prosperity and freedom. Rags-to-riches: It is story about a poor boy who, because he was hardworking, honest, and lucky, grew up to become rich and respected. American dream: The belief that any individual, no matter how poor, can achieve weather and fame through diligence and virtue.

新编跨文化交际英语教程(许力生) 课后翻译

1.纵观历史，我们可以清楚地看到，各民族与文化由于彼此所处地域、意识形态、容貌服饰和行为举止上存在的差异，而长久无法互相理解，无法和睦相处。在这种情况下，跨文化交际作为一个特定的研究领域得以形成和发展。值得注意的是，人类文明在发展过程中所遭受的许多挫折，既是个人的，又是全球性的；人类历史进程总是充满了个人间的直接冲突和民族间的误解－－从骂骂咧咧到孤立主义甚至到武装冲突，大大小小争端不绝。很显然，文化间以及亚文化间的交往日益增多，这迫切要求我们共同努力，去理解与我们有着天壤之别信仰和文化背景的人们，并与之和睦相处。通过加深认识和理解，我们能够与生活方式、价值观念不同的人们和平共处；这不但有益于我们周遭环境的安定，也是维护世界和平的决定性因素。 2.文化有时候被称为我们的心智程序，也即我们“头脑的软件”。但是，我们可以进一步引申这个用电脑所做的类比，把文化看作是支持软件运行的操作环境。文化就像电脑使用的DOS或者Unix或者“视窗”(Windows)等操作系统一样，使我们能在各种各样的实际应用中处理信息。用“视窗”这个比喻来描述文化似乎也很有吸引力。文化就是我们心灵的视窗，透过它我们可以审视生活的方方面面。一个社会中不同个体的视窗是大不一样的，但都有着一些重要的共同特征。文化就好像是鱼畅游于其中的水一般，人们想当然地把文化看成是客观存在的事实，从而很少去研究它。文化存在于我们所呼吸的空气之中，文化对我们了解自我是必不可少的，就正如生命离不开空气一样。文化是特定群体的共有财产，而不单是个体的特征。社会按照文化设定的程序来运作，这种程序来自于相似的生活体验以及对这种生活体验之涵义的相似性阐释。如果文化是一种心智程序，那么它也是现实的心灵地图。从我们很小的时候开始，文化就告诉我们应该看重什么、偏好什么、规避什么以及做些什么。文化还告诉我们事物应该是什么样的。文化为我们提供超越个体经验的理想典范，帮助我们决定应该优先考虑什么。文化为我们建立起行为准则，并解释为什么符合这些准则的行为正当、合法。 3.虽然，我们每个人都有各自一套独特的价值观，但在每一文化里，总有弥漫于整个文化之中的普遍的价值观。这些被称作文化价值观文化价值观通常是规范性的，它使文化的成员知道什么是好的和坏的、什么是正确的和错误的、什么是真的和假的、什么是积极的和消极的，等等。文化价值规定了什么是值得为之献身的，什么是值得维护的，什么会危及人们及其社会制度，什么是学习的恰当内容，什么是可讽刺嘲笑的，什么是形成群体团结的途径。文化价值观也指明了文化中的什么行为是举足轻重的，哪些是应当尽力避免的。价值观是人们在做出抉择和解决争端时作为依据的一种习得的规则体系。 跨文化交际的参与者所具有的价值观是十分重要的，因为价值观产生出决定何为正当或不正当社会行为的标准。换言之，价值观有助于人们决定他们的行为方式，以符合他们的价值系统所期望的行为准则。由于文化价值系统之间存在差异，我们可以预见，在相似的情境中，跨文化交际的参与者会表现出并期待着不同的行为。 4. 我们说语言总是模糊的，指的是我们所说所写的东西总不能完全表达我们的意图。我们通过说话和写作所传达的意思不仅仅由词语和句子本身决定，听众和读者的理解也起到了一定的作用。换言之，是交际双方共同创造了语言所表达的意思。语言的模糊性是与生俱来的。为了沟通，我们必须自己推断出对方的意思，除此之外别无他法。在理解别人说话时，我们必须推测这些话的意思。这些推测主要基于以下两个来源：（1）他们所使用的语言；（2）我们的世界知识。

最新跨文化交际复习题及答案

判断题 T 1 As a phenomenon, intercultural communication has existed for thousands of years. However, as a discipline, its history is only about fifty years. 作为一种现象，跨文化传播已经存在了数千年。然而，作为一门学科，它的历 史只有大约五十年。 F 2 Intercultural Communication as a discipline first started in Europe. 跨文化交际是欧洲第一门学科 F 3 Culture is a static entity 静态的实体while communication is a dynamic process. 文化是一个静态的实体而 沟通是一个动态的过程 T 4 Culture can be seen as shared knowledge ,what people need to know in order to act appropriately in a given 约定的特定的culture. 文化可以被看作是一种共享的知识，人们需要知道的是在一个特定的文化中扮演适当的行 为 cultural T 5 Although cultural stereotype has its limitations (over-generalization),it still contributes to a person’s cognition.认识、认知文化刻板印象虽有其局限性，但仍有助于人的文化认知。 在 T 6 In intercultural communication, we should separate one’s individual character from cultural generalization. 跨文化交际中，我们要把自己的个性和文化的泛化分开。 T 7 Cultural mistakes are more serious than linguistic mistakes. The linguistic mistake means that someone is not fully expressing his or her idea while cultural mistakes can lead to serious misunderstanding and even ill-feeling between individuals. 文化错误比语言错误更严重。语言错误意味着有人不能充分表达自己的想法，而文化上的错 误会导致严重的误解，甚至个人之间的不适感 F 8 All people of the same nationality will have the same culture. 所有同一民族的人都会有相同的文化 T 9 Although two cultures may share the same ideas, their meaning and significance may not be the same. 虽 然两国文化有着相同的想法，但它们的意义和意义可能不一样

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1、你认为哪些日常活动是比较典型的跨文化交际?请至少举出三种。 进出口公司的工作人员与外国商人谈生意；我们和外国旅游者、外国留学生、外国教师交往；阅读外国小说，观看外国电影、电视节目 2、为什么文化会有这么多的不同定义?你认为哪几个定义对于你了解文化的内涵有帮助？ 之所以有如此众多的定义，首先是由于文化本身涵盖面广，其次是由于学者们分属不同的学科。他们从不同的角度提出自己的看法，力求找到一个全面的能够概括一切的定义。然而，正是由于他们的定义带有自己学科的特点，因此，别的学科的学者无法接受。于是，这些学者又提出自己的定义。结果是定义越来越多 文化是人们通过长时间的努力所创造出来的，是社会的遗产；文化既包括信念、价值观念、习俗、知识等，也包括实物和器具；文化是人们行动的指南，为人们提供解决问题的答案；文化并非生而知之，而是后天所学会的；价值观念是文化的核心，可以根据不同的价值观念区分不同的文化 3、文化具有哪些特点?认识这些特点对我们有什么意义？ 文化是人类所独有的，是区别人类和动物的主要标志。文化是社会遗产，而不是生理的遗传；文化是社会遗产，而不是生理的遗传；文化不是先天所有，而是通过后天习得的；文化中的大部分是不自觉的；文化是人们行动的指南；文化是动态的，文化的形态与一定的历史时期相联系 4、请用具体例子来说明英语和汉语在语音、词汇、语法、语用等各方面的差异。 词汇——“孔雀”（peacock）：孔雀在我国文化中是吉祥的象征，人们认为孔雀开屏是大吉大利的事。在英语中，peacock的内涵意义通常是贬义，含有骄傲、炫耀、洋洋自得的意思，例如as proud as a peacock（像孔雀那样骄傲） 语法——在英语中，接电话的人先报自己的名字或办公室，或电话号码，或其他，但绝不会拿起电话筒就问对方。在汉语中，接电话的人首先要弄清的是对方要干什么，要找谁，但绝不会自己先报名字或单位 语用——说理方法上，美国人认为先把自己的观点鲜明地摆出来具有说服力，而中国人认为先与听众建立一种和谐的关系，把材料一点一点地讲出来，最后画龙点睛才具有说服力 5、如何来理解语言和文化之间的关系？ 语言与文化有着密切的关系。由于语言的产生和发展，人类文化才得以产生和传承。不存在没有语言的文化，也不存在没有文化的语言。广义的文化包括语言，同时文化又无时无刻不在影响语言，使语言为了适应文化发展变化的需要而变得更加精确和缜密 6、谈谈你对世界五大宗教的认识。 一、佛教 佛教的创始人是释迦牟尼佛，这个名号是印度梵语音译过来的，释迦是仁慈的意思，牟尼是寂默的意思，寂默也就是清净的意思，佛是觉悟 佛教发源于距今约2553年前的古印度。大约在两汉之际，即公元1世纪前后，印度佛教开始通过西域，逐渐传到我国内地。传到中国后与中国的传统文化互相影响、吸收，发展为中国的民族宗教之一，成为中国封建文化的重要组成部分，对中国古代社会历史，对哲学、文学、艺术等其他文化形态，都发生了深远的多方面的影响 中国佛教思想的主要特点及其人文精神：

新编跨文化交际英语教程_参考答案Unit

Unit 3 Cultural Diversity Reading I Different Lands, Different Friendships Comprehension questions 1. Why is it comparatively easy to make friends in the United States? Because few Americans stay put for a lifetime. With each move, forming new friendship becomes a necessity and part of their new life. 2. Do people from different countries usually have different expectations about what constitutes friendship and how it comes into being? Yes. The difficulty when strangers from two countries meet is their different expectations about what constitutes friendship and how it comes into being. 3. How is friendship in America different from friendship in West Europe? In West Europe, friendship is quite sharply distinguished from other, more casual relationships, is usually more particularized and carries a heavier burden of commitment, while in America the word “friend” can be applied to a wide range of relationship and a friendship may be superficial, casual, situational or deep and enduring. 4. In what cou ntry does friendship have much to do with one’s family? And in what country does it not? In Germany, friendship has much to do with one‘s family as friends are usually brought into the family, while in France it doesn’t as, for instance, two men may have been friends for a long time without knowing each other‘s personal life. 5. What is friendship like when it is compartmentalized? For instance, a man may play chess with a friend for thirty years without knowing his political opinions, or he may talk politics with him for as long a time without knowing about his personal life. Different friends fill different niches in each person’s life. 6. What are friendships usually based on in England? English friendships are based on shared activity. Activities at different stages of life may be of very different kinds. In the midst of the activity, whatever it may be, people fall into steps and find that they participate in the activity with the same easy anticipation of what each will do day by day or in some critical situation. 7. Do you think friendship shares some common elements in different cultures? If you do, what are they?