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《新编英语语法教程》主要章节语法术语

Intｒｏｄucｔiｏn: GramｍａtｉcaｌＨierarｃhy(导论—语法层次)

2.Ｐarｔs oｆspeech (wｏrd ｃlass）

3. Pｈraｓes

词组

4. Clau

分句

５.Ｓen

1. Morpheme

词素

Free morpheme 自由词素

Bound morpheme 粘附词素

Allomorph 词素变体

Noun phrase

Verb phrase

Adjective phrase

Adverb phrase

Preposition phrase

Conjunction

句子

Lecture 1?Ｓentence Structurｅ(L1）Sentence elemeｎts:

S (subjeｃt）

主语V (pｒeｄｉcate ve

ｒb）

谓语动词

O (obｊ

ect)

宾语

C (complｅment)

补足语

A (Ａdvｅｒ

bial）

状语

1. Two waｙs ofｓeｎtence ａnaｌysｉs

1)SVO

Ｓｅntｅｎcｅ

Clause

NＰVP NP

Sｕｂjｅct Pｒedｉcate veｒb Ｏｂjｅｃt

Ａｌl tｈｅman have done ｔheiｒbest. Sentenｃe ＝Ｓuｂjecｔ+ Predｉcａtｅ(Ｐｒedicate Ｖerb ＋Oｂject，Cｏmplｅmｅnt, Ａdｖerbiａl，etｃ.）

●句子由主语和谓语构成，进一步把谓语剖析为谓语动词、宾语、补语、状语等。

2）Suｂject＋Prediｃaｔｅ(＝ｏperａtoｒ＋predｉｃａtｉｏn)

Ｓeｎtence

Clausｅ

Suｂｊｅct Ｐredicａte

OpeｒatorＰrｅdiｃatiｏn

All ｔhe mａn ｈａｖe doｎe their besｔ.

●句子由主语和谓语构成,进一步把谓语剖析为操作词（opｅｒator）和述谓成分(ｐredｉcａt

ｉon)。

2. Ｂaｓiｃcｌausｅtｙpeｓ

ＳVC, SV, ＳV A,SVO, SＶＯA, SＶOC, SV oO

Ｌecｔure 2?Ｓuｂjｅcｔ-VeｒｂConcｏrｄ（Ｌ２－3）

Guidiｎg ｐｒｉnciｐleｓ:

GraｍmaticaｌCｏｎcord Noｔional Ｃoｎｃord Prinｃipleｏf Prｏ

ｘimiｔy

语法一致原则意义一致原则就近原则

Nomi ｎal cl ａu ｓe N ｏn-finite claus ｅ Re ｌａｔi ｖe cla ｕse Ｃｌe ｆｔ sen ｔe ｎce Existen ｔｉａl ｃｌａus ｅ名词性分句非限定分句关系分句分裂句存在句

L ｅcture ３ Noun ａnd Ｎoun P ｈrase （L ４-5）

1. C ｌa ｓs ｉfication o ｆ n ｏｕn ｓ

Par ｔitive （Unit Nou ｎ) 单位词 2. Cases o ｆＮｏｕｎｓ

No ｍin ａtiv ｅ cas ｅ／Ｓubjec ｔive case （主格）

Accusat ｉｖe c ａse / Ｏb ｊect ｉve

case （宾格 )

Ｇeniti ｖｅ ca ｓe(属格 )/ Ｐosses ｓive c ａs ｅ（所有格）Ｄative ca ｓe (受事格/与格）

G ｅniti ｖe case

G ｅnitive cases sp ｅｃify ｉｎg ｔｈe re ｆerence ｏf t ｈe noun phr ａse.

Spe ｃifi ｃｒefer ｅn ｃe (特指)??G ｅｎe ｒic reference （类指)?Ind ｅfi ｎｉt ｅ ge ｎi ｔive phrase(非确定特指)

Lecture 4?De ｔerminer （L ６-７)

1. De ｆｉｎi ｔｉo ｎ

Det ｅｒminers are fu ｎction w ｏrds which are us ｅd t ｏ d ｅtermine o ｒ f ｉｘｔh ｅ re ｆｅren ｃe of a n ｏu ｎ.

Independent Genitive

Double Genitive

2.Clasｓificatｉon

3.Articleｓ

Aｒtｉcｌe is a maｊor grｏupｏｆｄeterｍineｒs used to deｌimit tｈｅsｃｏｐｅof reference of nouｎs（主要用来限定名词的指称范围).

*ｐ.74, 7.１.3，冠词的确定特指(ｄefｉｎite sｐｅcific rｅfereｎce)分为前照应特指(ｃａtapｈｏｒic sｐecｉfic referencｅ）、后照应特指(anapｈoric spｅcific refereｎｃe)和语境特指（sｉtuatioｎaｌreｆerｅncｅ），这与后面的代词照应(ｐroｎｏｕｎｒｅfeｒeｎcｅp．104，9.3）在术语上略有不同。

Lecｔｕre 5?Ｐroｎoun（L8－９）

1.Ｃlassiｆｉｃatiｏｎ

Ａnｔecedｅnt 先行词

2.The usｅof rｅflexive pｒｏnoun （－ｓelｆ）

3. Pronounｒefereｎｃｅ（代词照应)

前照应（Ｃataｐhoricｒeｆerence)、后照应(Ａnapｈoｒic reｆereｎce）、语境照应(Siｔuational ｒｅｆerenｃe)、人称照应（Persoｎal ｒｅfｅrｅnce)、指示照应(Demoｎｓtraｔive referenｃｅ）

Leｃｔure 6?Verｂand Veｒb Phrasｅ(L10-22）

1. Ｃｌaｓsｉfｉｃatioｎof vｅrbs

动词分类的标准有很多种,如上图所示，记住基本的术语和其用法就是。比如及物动词、不及物动词、联系动词、助动词、动态动词、静态动词、词组动词、限定动词、非限定动词、不定式，不带ｔo不定式（bare iｎｆinitiｖe）等等,还有副词/介词小品词(adverｂpaｒticle & propositiｏnｐａrticle）。

?TｒａnsｉｔiveＶｅrbs：ｆollｏwｅｄby ｏbｊｅｃts.

?Intransｉｔive verbs:do noｔrequire an object.

?Ｌｉｎkｉng verbs:foｌloｗeｄｂy subject compｌiｍｅｎts.

?ＳVＯ主—动—宾??(Ｔrａnsitive verb)

?SV oO主—动—宾—宾?(Ditranｓitiｖe verb）【双宾语动词】

?SVOC主—动—宾—补(Mｏnotｒａｎsｉtiｖeｖerｂ）【单宾语动词】

?SV主—动?(Intranｓitivｅｖerb)

?SＶC主—动—补?(Linｋｉｎg veｒb)

?This asｐect isｏｆeｓseｎtiaｌimpoｒtanｃｅbｅcause the ｖerb type ｈere dｅteｒｍiｎｅs ｔhe bａsｉc sentｅnce stｒｕctuｒe of your senteｎｃe and how you ｃan exｐａnd youｒsentｅnce．

２. Fｉve fｏｒｍs of Vｅｒbｓ(动词的五种基本形式)

原形（bａｓe fｏrｍ)、第三人称单数（third pｅrsｏn singuｌar)、过去式（pａst ｔｅｎs ｅ）、

过去分词（ｐast tense）、现在分词（prｅsent partiｃｉpｌe)

3. Ｔｅnse ａnd aspｅcts

Ｔｅns ｅ

Ａsｐect Simple preｓｅ

ｎt

Simple pａｓt Simpｌe fｕture Past ｆuｔｕre

prｏｇreｓ现在进行体过去进行体将来进行体过去将来进行体

sive

ｐeｒfecｔ

ｉve

现在完成体

过去完成体将来完成体过去将来完成体

Ｐerfeｃｔ

ｉve

ｐｒoｇ

ressive

现在完成进行体过去完成进行体将来完成进行体过去将来完成进行体

4.Mｏod

陈述式(Ｉndicatiｖe moｏd)、祈使式（Imperative mｏod）、虚拟式（Subｊuncｔｉve mooｄ）5.Nｏn-ｆinite verbs

ｐｐ. 230-1?动态形容词（DynamｉｃAdjectivｅ）、静态形容词（SｔativｅAdjectivｅ)

p.251 前置修饰语（Preｍｏdiｆier)、ｐ.256 悬垂分词(ＤanglｉnｇPartiｃiple）/无依着分词（Una ｔtacｈed pａrticiplｅ)、依着法则（Attachmenｔrule）

Leｃture7?Ａｄjｅctivｅand Adveｒb(L23-24）

1．1?Ａdjｅｃtive& Ａdjｅctiｖe Phrａse

１.2?Adjective form

1.３Ａｄｊｅｃtivｅmeaｎing

动态形容词、静态形容词、等级形容词、非等级形容词２.1 Adｖerb & AdverbＰｈrａse （AｄｖP)

2.2Aｄｖfｏｒｍ

２.3?AdｖMeaniｎg

p．27４修饰性状语（Ａｄjunct）、评注性状语(Disjunct)、连接性状语(Conjunｃｔ）

Lecｔｕrｅ８Degree ＆Comｐａrａｔive Constrｕction(L25）

(比较等级和比较结构)

1.Degrｅe formｓ

Rｅgular deｇreｅfｏrms of Adｊ＆Aｄｖ

Pｏsitiｖｅ/absolute 原级Compａratiｖe

比较级

Ｓuperlativｅ

最高级

Monｏsｙllabｉc

(单音节)Ａdj ＆A ｄv Syntheｔｉｃ

(inｆｌｅｃｔional）

综合(屈折)形式

Ａｄj-/Adv-er Adｊ/Adｖ-esｔ

Polｙsyllａbic

(多音节）Ａdj &Ad ｖAnａlｙtic (ｐhrasal)

分析(词组)形式

ｍore Adj/Adv moｓｔAdj/Adv

Ｄｉsyｌlabic

（双音节) Adｊ& Adv Syntheｔic or Aｎal

ｙtic

Adj-/Adｖ-er

more Ａｄj/Aｄｖ

Aｄj／Ａdv-est

moｓｔAdj／Adv

Nｏｔes:

(1)－ｉng and -eｄpartｉciｐial Ａdｊｔakｅｓmorｅ~ ＆mｏｓt ~ (２) Ｓomｅirｒegular foｒms,ｅ．g．，far,ｇｏoｄ

(3) Gradａble iｎdefinite Dｅｔ& Prons：ｍanｙ/ｍuｃh, feｗ, lｉtｔle ２.Cｏｍpaｒａtiｖe constructioｎ

3. Ｇｅneral ｓｔructure ｏf Comparatiｖe coｎstrｕctioｎ

Noteｓ:

(1)?Ｍore (leｓｓ，fewer)can beＤｅt．or Pron.:

Moｄel 2 accｏuｎtｅｄfor mｏre variancｅ… thａn dｉｄModｅl 1.(Det.) It aｐpeared in more than 50％of ｔｈｅrｅquｅst ｅ-maｉls．(Ｐrｏn.）(2) As &than are Conj orｒａｒely Prep：

John is taller thａn she (is）. ／Johｎｉs taller than hｅr.

E.g. Apｐle iｓaｓｔａsty as tｏｍato．

英语词汇与语法

since 英音：[sins]美音：[s?ns] 副词ad. (常用于现在完成时或过去完成时) 1. 此后;从那时到现在 She left school three years ago and has worked as a nurse ever since. 她三年前毕业,从那时起便一直当护士。 2. 之前,以前介词prep. 1. (常用于现在完成时或过去完成时)自...以来,从...至今 I haven't heard from him since last year. 我自去年以来未曾收到过他的信。连接词conj. 1. (常用于现在完成时或过去完成时)自...以来,从...至今 It's been ten years since they married. 他们结婚到现在已经十年了。 She has been living a hard life since her husband died. 她自从丈夫死后,一直过着艰苦的生活。 2. 既然;因为,由于 He must have taken the book since it isn't here. 他一定是把书拿走了,因为书已不在这里了。 Since it is so hot, let's go swimming. 既然天气这么热,我们去游泳吧。 when 副词ad. 1. (用作疑问副词)什么时候,何时 I'd like to know when they'll let him out. 我想知道他们什么时候放他。 When did you last see Margaret? 你上一次见到玛格丽特是什么时候?

英语语法术语

常见的语法术语摘要 1.名词noun 动词verb 形容词adjective 数词numeral 代词 pronoun 2.介词preposition 副词adverb 连词conjunction 冠词article 感叹词 interjection 3.结构：structure 简单句simple sentences 并列句compound sentences 4.复合句complex sentences 倒装句inverted sentences 省略句elliptical sentences 5.陈述句declarative sentences 疑问句interrogative sentences 6.祈使句imperative sentences 感叹句exclamatory sentences 7.否定句negative sentences 被动句passive sentences 8.虚拟语气句subjunctive sentences 同义句synonymous sentences 9.歧义句ambiguous sentences 委婉句euphemisms 强调句emphasis 10.疑难句difficult sentences 叙述句narrative sentences 说明句expository sentences 11.议论句argumentative sentences 人物描写句descriptive sentences of people 12.动作描写句：descriptive sentences of actions 13.环境描写句descriptive sentences of environment 14.名人语句quotations 格言句maxims 谚语句proverbs 15.状语adverbial 补语complement 宾语object 宾语补助语objective complement 16.表语predicative 主语subject 谓语predicate 谓语动词finite verb 17.非谓语动词non-finite verb 情态动词modal verb 18.并列coordination 选择alternative 转折transition 对比contrast 19.原因cause 结果effect 20.动词时态verb tenses 21.一般现在时simple present (tense) 22.一般过去时simple past (tense) 一般将来时simple future (tense) 23.过去将来时future (tense) in the past 现在完成时present perfect (tense) 24.过去完成时past perfect (tense) 将来完成时future perfect (tense) 25.现在进行时present continuous (tense) 过去进行时past continuous (tense) 26.将来进行时future continuous (tense) 27.现在完成进行时present perfect continuous (tense) 28.主句main clause 从句subordinate clause 29.限定性定语从句restrictive attributive clause 30.非限定性定语从句non-restrictive attributive clause 31.宾语从句object clause 壮语从句adverbial clause 主语从句subject clause 32.表语从句predicative clause 同位语从句appositive clause 33.双重复合句double complex sentences 34.多重复合句multiple complex sentences 35.插入语parenthesis 36.IT引导的句子IT sentences

(完整版)英语语法专业术语

英语语法专业术语语法grammar 句法syntax 词法morphology 结构structure 层次rank 句子sentence 从句clause 词组phrase 词类part of speech 单词word 实词notional word 虚词structural word 名词noun 专有名词proper noun 普通名词common noun 可数名词countable noun 不可数名词uncountable no 抽象名词abstract noun 具体名词concrete noun 物质名词material noun 集体名词collective noun 个体名词individual noun 介词preposition 连词conjunction 动词verb 主动词main verb 及物动词transitive verb 不及物动词intransitive verb 系动词link verb 助动词auxiliary verb 情态动词modal verb 规则动词regular verb 不规则动词irregular verb 短语动词phrasal verb 限定动词finite verb 非限定动词infinite verb 使役动词causative verb 感官动词verb of senses

动态动词event verb 静态动词state verb 感叹词exclamation 形容词adjective 副词adverb 方式副词adverb of manner 程度副词adverb of degree 时间副词adverb of time 地点副词adverb of place 修饰性副词adjunct 连接性副词conjunct 疑问副词interrogative adverb 关系副词relative adverb 代词pronoun 人称代词personal pronoun 物主代词possessive pronoun 反身代词reflexive pronoun 相互代词reciprocal pronoun 指示代词demonstrative pronoun 疑问代词interrogative pronoun 关系代词relative pronoun 不定代词indefinite 物主代词possessive pronoun 名词性物主代词nominal possessive 形容词性物主代词adjectival possessive pronoun 冠词article 定冠词definite article 不定冠词indefinite article 数词numeral 基数词cardinal numeral 序数词ordinal numeral 分数词fractional numeral 形式form 单数形式singular form 复数形式plural form 限定动词finite verb form 非限定动词non-finite verb form

初中英语语法和词汇教学心得体会

初中英语词汇和语法教学心得体会在初中英语教学中，词汇和语法的学习是一个重要的组成部分。因此在教学中应该加强语法、词汇教学，否则，学生的语言能力将难以提高。初中词汇和语法教学中，首先学生在读音方面感觉困难很大，难以读准单词，有相当一部分学生往往还用汉语为英语单词注音。其次，在拼写方面，学生没有意识到字母在单词中的读音与单词的拼写有着一定的规律。在记忆单词的时候，没有通过读音和字母的关系来记忆单词，常常是死记硬背单词字母的组合。第三，在记忆单词的意义的时候，过分注意该单词所对应的汉语意义的记忆，学生完全靠死记硬背掌握单词。在初中一年级时，由于内容较少，词汇和语法简单，学生尚能应付，但随着年级的增高，英语内容的深化，词汇量的增加，学生越来越感觉到词汇的记忆和语法的学习已成为学习英语的最大障碍。于是，逐渐对英语产生厌学情绪，有的甚至于放弃这门学科。如何解决教学中存在的这些问题呢？在词汇教学方面，首先，词汇教学也一定要贯彻“听说领先”的原则，在初中年级，特别是一年级，要贯彻“听说领先”的教学原则。因此，词汇教学也一定要首先是“听”。即教师在教单词时，先让学生听，让学生去“辨音”，教师所展示的不是课本里的文字，而是每个词是由几个音素、几个音节构成，重音在什么地方，这样才能

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