四级翻译练习材料

1. 京剧起源于200年前清朝时期的北京，是一种集歌剧表演、歌唱、音乐、舞蹈和武术于一体的表演艺术。自1919年京剧大师梅兰芳先生东渡日本演出后，至今京剧越来越受世界各地人民喜爱。北京歌剧院也已经应邀在许多国家演出，得到了外国观众的高度评价。这些表演对中外文化交流和促进世界人民友好往来作出了卓越的贡献。

2. 中秋节，中国传统节日之一，为每年农历（lunar calendar）八月十五。根据农历历法，此时恰是一年秋季的中期，所以被称为中秋。中秋节是在晚上庆祝的，家里的人都聚在一起，点灯笼，吃月饼，观赏圆月。在这天晚上，月亮是最圆最亮的。这轮圆月意味着合家团圆，这就是为什么人们又把它称之为团圆节了。中秋节有悠久的历史，和其它传统节日一样，也是慢慢发展而来的。

3.上海位于中国的东海之滨，是我国金融、贸易、航运中心。外滩（the Bund）是上海最出名、最吸引人的景点。欣赏外滩的最佳时间是天黑以后，这时所有建筑物都亮起了灯，营造出一片色彩斑斓、引人入胜的景象。外滩壮观的景色不仅吸引了中外游客，还吸引了众多电影人前来取景，拍摄以外滩为背景的电影或者电视剧。游览外滩的方式有两种：乘船和在黄浦江西岸欣赏外滩两岸的景色。

4. 事实上被中国人广泛应用的自我否定，是与中国人对个人的价值观和集体的价值观的态度紧密相连的。比较而言，中国人更喜欢强调集体的每一个成员所作的共同努力的重要性。在大多数情况下，在中国人因为他们已经做出的一定的成绩而受到赞扬后，他们往往不情愿接受这种赞扬。相反，他们更喜欢表示把成绩归功于支持过他们的领导，归功于给他们提供大力支持的同事们。

5.对于“网购迷”而言，每年的十一月份是一年中的最佳时机；因为11月11日，也就是中国的“光棍节”，这天网上商品将会疯狂打折。去年，淘宝网光棍节当天的销售额创纪录地达到了10亿人民币。巨大的发货量使整个快递业务难以负荷，接近瘫痪。现在，一年一度的“双十一”血拼日（shopping spree）又要到了，为了乐享这场购物嘉年华（carnival）,有必要学习一些网购技巧与小贴士。

6.秦朝是第一个统一中国的朝代。秦始皇作为中国的首个皇帝而被人们所记住。他以绝对的权威进行无情的统治，甚至破坏了与他的理念不一致的古代惯例和文学。虽然秦朝只持续了15年，但它对于中国文化的影响是巨大的。它引入了封建制度（feudal system）,并使之成为了帝制中国的核心特征。它标准化了度量衡、货币以及书面语。它还完成了巨大的基础设施建设（infrastructure projects）, 包括最早的长城。

7.香港中文大学成立于1963年，是一所研究型综合大学，以“结合传统与现代，融合中国与西方”为创校使命。40多年来，它一直致力于弘扬中国传统文化，坚持双语（bilingual）教育，并推行独特的书院制度（college system），在香港教育界卓然而立。其校园占地134公顷（hectare）, 是世界上最美丽的校园之一。灵活的学分制赋予学生更多的学习自主权。它的多元教育有助于发挥每个学生的潜能。

8.在1978年以前，中国经济中农业基础很差，轻工业和重工业比例很不均衡。自1978年起，中国采取了一系列政策，优先考虑发展轻工业，加强基础工业和设备的建设，并且致力于发展第三产业（tertiary industry），从而让中国的经济结构更加协调（coordinated）、优化(optimized)和平衡。不同产业之间以及产业内部的比例关系已经有明显的改善。第一产业的比例下降了，而第二产业和第三产业的比例则提升了。

9.在中国，北方的冬天在12月和3月之间，相当寒冷。北京的气温不会在00C 以上，尽管通常会比较干燥和晴朗。长城以北，在内蒙古（Inner Mongolia）和黑龙江，要冷得多。北方的夏季在5月和8月之间。北京的气温偶尔会达到370C，甚至更高。7月和8月同时也是这个城市的雨季。春秋季是游览的最好季节。白天的气温在210C至290C之间，而且雨水偏少。

10. 中国政府非常重视环境保护方面的法律法规建设（formulation）, 而且已经将环境保护纳入到了法律范畴（orbit）内。迄今为止，已经颁布（promulgate）了环保方面的五个特别法和九个自然资源法。另外，国务院（ the State Council）已经出台了30多项环保方面的行政法规。伴随着重大建设项目的增多，中国政府于1998年出台了建设项目的环境保护法规，从而进一步加强环保管理，控制新污染源和保护生态环境。

11.(2014.06真题) 为了促进教育公平，中国已投入360亿元，用于改善农村地区教育设施和中强中西部地区农村义务教育(compulsory education)。这些资金用于改善教学设施、购买书

籍，使16万多所中小学受益。资金还用于购置音乐和绘画器材。现在农村和山区的儿童可以与沿海城市的儿童一样上音乐和绘画课。一些为接受更好教育而转往城市上学的学生如今又回到

了本地农村学校就读。

参考答案

1. Originated from Beijing some 200 years ago during the Qing Dynasty, Beijing Opera is a performing art that embraces opera performance, singing, music, dancing and martial arts. Since Mei Lanfang, the grand master of Peking Opera, visited Japan in 1919, it has become more and more popular with people all over the world. Peking Opera House of Beijing has been invited to perform in many countries and highly appreciated by foreign audiences. The performance has made an outstanding contribution to Sino-foreign cultural exchange and to the promotion of friendly association of peoples in the world.

解析：第一句中的起源于200年前清朝时期的北京可提前翻译，用过去分词作状语的结构，既符合英语的表达习惯，有突出后面主句的含义。此外，汉语的“的”字句可以转换为英语的定语从句，因此主句可以简化成“集---于一体的表演艺术”时，翻译时把“表演艺术”提前，把“的”字句转化为that引导的定语从句。“集---于一体”可以理解为“包含”，不必逐字翻译。

2. The Mid-Autumn Festival, which falls on the 15th day of the eighth lunar month, is one of the traditional festivals in China. According to Chinese lunar calendar, the 15th day of the eighth month is the exact midst of autumn, so it is called the Mid-Autumn Festival. The Festival is an evening celebration (名词短语代替动词被动句，避免与前句的被动句重复)when families gather together to light lanterns, eat moon cakes and appreciate the round moon. On that night, the moon appears to be at its roundest and brightest. The full moon is a symbol for family reunion, which is why that day is also known as the Festival of Reunion. Like other traditional festivals, the Mid-Autumn Festival also has a long history, evolved gradually with the passage of time.（“中秋节有悠久的历史，和其它传统节日一样，也是慢慢发展而来的”包含着“随着时间流逝，慢慢发展形成”的含义，用with的伴随结构增译“随着时间流逝”这层含义。

3. Shanghai，located on the coast to the East China Sea (地名的典型结构，用located作为插入语来表达) , is the financial , trade and shipping center of the country. The Bund is the most famous and attractive sight in the city. The best time to admire the Bund is after dark when all the buildings are lit up, creating an extremely colorful and breathtaking scene. The stunning views there attract not only visitors from home and abroad but also producers who make the Bund background for their films and TV dramas. There are two ways to admire the Bund: You can enjoy the beautiful scene on both sides by cruise or on the West Bank of the Huangpu River.

4. In fact, self-denial widely applied by Chinese is closely connected with Chinese attitude towards the values of individuals and the values of groups. Comparatively speaking, Chinese prefer to emphasize the importance of joint efforts made by each of the group’s members. In most cases, after Chinese receive compliments for certain achievements that they have made, they tend to be reluctant to accept the compliments. On the contrary, they prefer to say that they owe their achievements to their bosses who have supported them, and to （并列结构） their colleagues who have provided them with substantial assistance.

5. For those who love to shop online, November is the best time of the year, because Nov. 11, “China’s Singles’Day”, will see many seemingly irrational discounts. Last year, Taobao, a major online shopping website(增译,作出解释) set a record of one billion Yuan in sales on that day alone. The large number of items sold paralyzed the delivery services due to overloading. On the verge of yet another annual spending spree, it is necessary to learn some tricks and tips to make the most of the shopping carnival.

6. The Qin Dynasty was the first to unify China, and Qin Shi Huang is remembered as China’s first emperor. He ruled ruthlessly with absolute authority and even destroyed ancient practices or literature that didn’t correspond to his ideas. Although the Qin Dynasty lasted only 15 years, its impact on Chinese culture was great. The feudal system was introduced and became a central feature of imperial China. Weights and measures , currency and the written language were all standardized. Hugh infrastructure projects were completed, including the earliest Great Wall.

7. Founded in 1963, the Chinese University of Hong Kong is a research-oriented comprehensive university with a mission “ to combine tradition with modernity and bring together China and the West”. For more than 40 years, it has distinguished itself in the Hong Kong education arena by virtue of carrying forward traditional Chinese culture, adhering to bilingual education, and carrying out unique college system. Its 134-hectare campus is one of the most beautiful campuses in the world.

The flexible credit unit system allows a high degree of free choice of students in designing their own learning. The multi-faceted education at the Chinese University of Hong Kong helps every students to give full play to their potentials.

8. Before 1978, China’s economy had a weak foundation in agriculture, and the ratio between light and heavy industries was quite unbalanced. Since 1978, China has adopted a series of policies giving priority to the development of light industry, strengthening the construction of basic industry and facilities, and devoting major efforts to developing tertiary industry , so as to make China’s economic structure more coordinated, optimized and balance. The relations between different industries and within industries in terms of proportion have clearly been improved. The proportion of primary industry has declined, while that of the secondary and tertiary industries has grown.

9. In China, winters in the North fall between December and March and are incredibly chilly. Beijing’s temperature does not rise above 00C, although it will generally be dry and sunny. North of the Great Wall, into Inner Mongolia and Heilongjiang, it is much colder. Summer in the North is around May to August. Beijing’s temperature can occasionally rise to 370C and even higher. July and August are also the rainy months in the city. Spring and autumn are the best seasons for visiting it. Daytime temperatures are between 210C and 290C, and there is less rain.

10. The Chinese government attaches great importance to the formulation of laws and regulations on environmental protection, and has brought the environmental protection into the legal orbit. Up to now, five special laws and nine natural resources laws related to environmental protection have been promulgated. In addition, the State Council has worked out over 30 administrative laws and regulations on environmental protection. Along with the increase of large construction projects ,the Chinese government in 1998 worked out the regulations of construction projects on environmental protection to further strengthen environmental protection management, control new pollution sources and protect the ecological environment.

11. In order to promote equality in education, China has invested 36 billion Yuan to improve educational facilities in rural areas and strengthen rural compulsory education in Midwest areas. These funds are used to improve teaching facilities, and purchase books, benefiting more than 160,000 primary and secondary schools. Funds are used to purchase musical instrument and painting tools as well. Now children in rural and mountainous areas can have music and painting lessons as children from coastal cities do. Some students who has transferred to city schools to receive a better education are now moving back to their local rural schools.

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Hardly/Scarcely had we arrived (我们刚一到) , when it began to rain. 14.There is no doubt (毫无疑问) that people pay more, and more attention to health. 15. There is little chance of our coming to business on account of the big difference between our prices(我们的差价过大). 16. I was surprised to hear them mentioned together: I've never connected them before (我以前从未想到过他们之间有什么关系). 17. It is what he suggested rather than what he said (而不是他明说的). 18. He would have come with us but that he had no money (要不是因为缺钱) . 19. I do not want to get involved in (陷入) the quarrel between Tom and Mary. 20. Hitler was armed to the teeth (武装到牙齿) when he launched the Second World War, but in a few years, he was completely defeated. 21. Are you content with (你对……满意吗) your present salary? 22. He asked us to assist them in_carrying through (实施) their plan. 23. It is natural for you to meet with / encounter some difficulties (在学习英语中遇到一些困难). 24. After fifteen years' working for the company, he was appointed (as) director_(他被任命为主管). 25. If you eat cookies or other fattening snacks between meals, you will put on weight (你会变胖的)! 26. The stars are so far from us and from each other that the distances cannot be calculated (距离无法计算). 27. Our holidays were ruined by the weather; we might just as well have stayed at home (还不如呆在家里). 28. The problem of internet crime has caused wide public concern over the recent years (近些年来引起了广泛关注). 29. If we had set out earlier, we wouldn't have walked in the rain (我们就不会在雨中行走). 30. William promised to submit the paper to his tutor either by Friday or by Saturday (不是周五就是周六之前向导师呈交论文). 31. They took it for granted (想当然地认为) that they would succeed in their experiment. 32. Not only the professionals but also the amateurs will benefit from _(受益于) the new training facilities. 33. She works in administration, and she spends most of her day doing paperwork and maintaining records (她一天中的绝大多数时间都花在文书工作和维护记录上). 34. No one doubts that email is superior to other means of communication (比其他通信手段优越). 35. They tried to assure him of their willingness to work (使他相信他们乐意工作). 36. She cycled too fast round the corner, lost her balance and fell off (失去平衡而摔倒了). 38. It should be taken into consideration (应当注意的是) that pollution has become one of the thorniest problems in many big cities. 39. I keep a dictionary by me (我手边放着一本词典) when I'm doing crosswords. 40. Let me give you my E-mail address, and you can send me messages at any time (你可以随时给我发信息). 41. The Union presented a suggestion that all workers (should) be given / enjoy free medical care (所有的工人都享受免费的医疗保健). 42. Adjusting to the tropical heat (适应热带地区的炎热) was more difficult than they had expected. 43. Nevertheless the problem was solved successfully, which showed (这说明)that the computations were accurate. 44. Two fifths of the land in that district is covered with trees and grass (被草木覆盖). 47. I laid the paper on my lap and closed my eyes, remembering what had happened (回忆发生的事情) many years before. 48. It is desirable that that the meeting (should) be held as soon as possible (这次会议尽早召开). 49. Any kind of exercise will do well to the heart, provided that it quickens heartbeat (只要能加速心跳). 51. If only I had more time (有更多的时间) to think about it. 52. The danger of extinction of tiger shouldn't be ignored (不容忽视). 53. The rude people will pay the price sooner or later (迟早要付出代价). 54. Although States were allowed to coin money right after the American Revolution, they are not allowed to do so (不允许这样做) today. 55. He had been dreading their meeting but her warm welcome soon put him at his ease (使他很快就无拘无束了). 56. We are all for your proposal that the discussion (should) be put off(应向后推迟) . 57. The problem is whether we can finish the project (or not) as required (我们是否能按要求完成这个项目). 59. When this semester is over, I should be able to get around to reading this novel (我就能抽空读这部小说了). 61. It would be wise to handle this delicate problem with_calmness and patience (冷静和耐心). 62. While crossing the mountain area, all the men carried guns lest they should be attacked by animals (受到野兽攻击). 63. Artificial flowers are made from a variety of materials, such as wax and glass, so skillfully that they can scarcely be distinguished from (以至于很难和…分开)natural flowers. 64. I hesitate to describe (我很难说) him as really clever. 65. Believe it or not (信不信由你) we were left waiting in the rain for two hours. 66. She believes in freedom so much so that she would rather die than live without it (宁死也不愿没有它而活着). 67. If I were you (如果我是你), I would have accepted such an offer given by the manager. 68. Children love soft drinks, because of the sweet taste and a variety of flavors (因为它味道很甜而且有多种口味). 69. Whoever has skills should be properly rewarded regardless of (不管) his educational background. 70. 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