三、词汇与语法
三、词汇与语法
1、Although they are twins, they have nothing in _________.
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/f318972341.html,ual
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/f318972341.html,mon
C.always
D.fact
答案：B
2、Nancy works in a shop and _______.
A.so does Alan
B.so Alan too does
C.that does Alan too
D.that Alan too does
答案：A
3、That man looks familiar to me. He reminds _______ Dr. Richards.
A.me to
B.me
C.me for
D.me of
答案：D
4、Mathematics ________ study or science of numbers.
A.is
B.are
C.was
D.were
答案：A
5、Each new way of looking at a situation ________ our understanding and makes it easier to discover new possibilities.
A.deeps
B.deepens
C.deep
D.deeply
答案：B
6、Modern machinery _______ been installed in this newly-built factory.
A.has
B.have
C.is
D.are
答案：A
7、Every means _______ been tried to solve the difficult problem.
A.have
B.has
C.is
D.are
答案：B
8、We've ________ paper and ink. Ask Mr. Howard to lend us some.
A.run away with
B.run out of
C.run off
D.run down
答案：B
9、We offered him our congratulations _______ his passing the college entrance exams.
A.at
B.on
C.for
D.of
答案：B
10、These flowers ________ a fragrant perfume.
A.give in
B.give across
C.give over
D.give off
答案：D
11、It is because he is kind and modest ________ he wins the respect of all presents.
A.what
B.which
C.why
D.that
答案：D
12、He helped me ______ my homework.
A.with
B.to
C.about
D.of
答案：A
13、We should not look down ________ the poor people.
A.upon
B.at
C.to
D.of
答案：A
14、I am going to _______ the meal, I insist.
A.pay
B.pay for
C.buy
D.take
答案：B
15、A long time ago, I _______ in London for three years.
A.had lived
B.have lived
C.lived
D.have been living
答案：C
16、Fish can't live ______ water.
A.with
B.without
C.in
D.on
答案：B
17、Who should be responsible ______ the loss of the documents?
A.in
B.on
C.of
D.for
答案：D
18、Farmers use water in many ways. ________, they use water to grow crops.
A.In fact
B.For example
C.Besides
D.Because of this
答案：B
19、The children _______ play with them.
A.want that I
B.want me for
C.want me to
D.are wanting that
答案：C
20、They all go outing on such a warm spring day ______ Mark. He is busy with his lessons now.
A.beside
B.besides
C.except for
D.except
答案：D
21、We are disappointed to find that the quality of the products here _______ very poor.
A.to be
B.have been
C.is
D.being
答案：C
22、You have caught a bad cold so you _______ stay in bed now.
A.must
B.need
C.have
D.shall
答案：A
23、I'm sorry that I've kept you _______ for so long.
A.to wait
B.waiting
C.to be waiting
D.waited
答案：B
24、We think _______ highly probable that our plan will work out.
A.them
B.it
C.what
D.that
答案：B
25、Although we have achieved some success, we should work harder _______ now on.
A.from
B.by
C.since
D.as
答案：A
26、He has smoked for so many years that he can ______ give it up.
A.directly
B.mostly
C.exactly
D.hardly
答案：D
27、That company doesn't take credit cards, so customers have to pay ______.
A.dollars
B.finance
C.coins
D.cash
答案：D
28、The news made the old lady very ______.
A.sadder
B.sad
C.sadly
D.sadness
答案：A
29、Peter worked so fast with the maths problems ______ a lot of mistakes.
A.as to make
B.that made
C.to make
D.that he made
答案：D
30、China is a wonderful place and there is _______ to see and enjoy.
A.a lot of
B.many
C.much
D.many more
答案：C
31. I often see _________ the road on his way home.
A. he cross
B. him cross
C. him crossed
D. he crossing
【答案】B。
32. His mother ____________ alone since his father died.
A. lived
B. lives
C. has lived
D. is living
【答案】C。
33. The workers are busy __________ models for the exhibition.
A. to make
B. with making
C. being making
D. making
【答案】D。
34. It was well known that Thomas Edison ____________ the electric lamp.
A. discovered
B. invented
C. found
D. developed
【答案】B。
35. She wonders _________ will happen to her private life in the future.
A. that
B. it
C. this
D. what
【答案】D。
36. The higher the temperature, __________ the liquid evaporates.
A. the faster
B. the more fast
C. the slower
D. the more slower 【答案】A。
37. Australia is one of the few countries ___________ people drive on the left of the road.
A. which
B. that
C. where
D. on which
【答案】C。
38. Sunday is the day _________ people usually don't go to work.
A. when
B. which
C. in which
D. that
【答案】A。
39. _________ you know, David has been well lately.
A. Which
B. As
C. What
D. When
【答案】B。
40. The harder you study, __________ you will learn.
A. much
B. many
C. the more
D. much more
【答案】C。
41. They got there an hour __________ than the others.
A. early
B. much early
C. more early
D. earlier
【答案】D。
42. The grey building is the place where the workers live, and the white building is the place where the spare parts _________ .
A. are producing
B. are produced
C. produced
D. being produced 【答案】B。
43. Once environmental damage ___________, it takes many years for the system to recover.
A. is to do
B. does
C. had done
D. is done
【答案】D。
44. We worked hard and completed the task ________.
A. in the time
B. on the time
C. ahead of time
D. before time
【答案】C。
45. I didn't expect you to turn __________ at the meeting yesterday.
A. up
B. to
C. out
D. over
【答案】A。
46. I like the teacher ____________ classes are very interesting and creative.
A. which
B. who
C. whose
D. what
【答案】C。
47. When Lily came home at 5 p. m. yesterday, her mother ___________ dinner in the kitchen.
A. cooked
B. was cooking
C. cooks
D. has cooked
【答案】B。
48. I don’t know the park, but it's __________ to be quite beautiful.
A. said
B. told
C. spoken
D. talked
【答案】A。
49. Mike is better than Peter _________. swimming.
A. for
B. at
C. on
D. in
【答案】B。
50. The young lady coming over to us ___________ our English teacher; the way she walks tells us that!
A. must be
B. can be
C. would be
D. could be
【答案】A。
51. Eggs, though rich in nourishments, have ___________ of fat.
A. a large number
B. the large number
C. a large amount
D. the large amount 【答案】C。
52. Neither John ___________his father was able to wake up early enough to catch the morning train.
A. nor
B. or
C. but
D. and
【答案】A。
53. Jane's dress is similar in design ___________ her sister's.
A. like
B. with
C. to
D. as
【答案】C。
54. His salary as a driver is much higher than _____________.
A. a porter
B. is a porter
C. as a porter
D. that of a porter
【答案】D。
55. __________ these honours he received a sum of money.
A. Except
B. But
C. Besides
D. Outside
【答案】C。
56. Would you let _________ to the park with my classmate, Mum?
A. me go
B. me going
C. I go
D. I going
【答案】A。
57. I have been looking forward to__________ from my parents.
A. hear
B. being heard
C. be heard
D. hearing
【答案】D。
58. The manager will not __________ us to use his car.
A. have
B. let
C. agree
D. allow
【答案】D。
59. __________ her and then try to copy what she does.
A. Mind
B. See
C. Stare at
D. Watch
【答案】D。
60. Will you ________ me a favor, please?
A. do
B. make
C. bring
D. give
【答案】A。
61. It's bad __________ for you to smoke in the public places where smoking is not allowed.
A. behavior
B. action
C. manner
D. movement
【答案】A。
62. — It's a good idea. But who's going to ________ the plan?
— I think John and Peter will.
A. carry out
B. get through
C. take in
D. set aside
【答案】A。
63. The computer system _________ suddenly while he was searching for information on the Internet.
A. broke down
B. broke out
C. broke up
D. broke in
【答案】A。
64. If she wants to keep slim, she must make a ________ in her diet
A. change
B. turn
C. run
D. go
【答案】A。
65. ___________ the War of Independence, the United States was an English colony.
A. Before
B. At
C. In
D. Between
【答案】A。
66. A police officer claimed he had attempted to _________ paying his fare.
A. avoid
B. reject
C. refuse
D. neglect
【答案】A。
67. While I was in the university, I learned taking photos, ___________ is very useful now for me.
A. it
B. which
C. that
D. what
【答案】B。
68. He is not seriously ill, but only a _________ headache.
A. obvious
B. delicate
C. slight
D. temporary
【答案】C。
69. On average, a successful lawyer has to talk to several _________ a day.
A. customers
B. supporters
C. guests
D. clients
【答案】D。
70. What is the train _________ to Birmingham?
A. fee
B. tip
C. fare
D. cost
【答案】C。
71. — Write to me when you get home.
— OK, I ___________.
A. must
B. should
C. will
D. can
【答案】C。
72. Tom is so talkative. I’m sure you'll soon get tired ________ him.
A. of
B. with
C. at
D. on
【答案】A。
73. I don't know _________ to deal with such matter.
A. what
B. how
C. which
D. /
【答案】B。
74. — ________ is your girl friend like?
— She is very kind and good-looking.
A. How
B. What
C. Which
D. Who
【答案】B。
75. He ________ driving me home, even though I told him I lived nearby.
A. insisted on
B. insisted at
C. insisted that
D. insisted in 【答案】A。
76. We came finally ______ the conclusion that she has been telling lies all the time.
A. of
B. into
C. to
D. at
【答案】C。
77. I won’t make the ______ mistake next time.
A. like
B. same
C. near
D. similar 【答案】B。
78. He ______ lives in the house where he was born.
A. already
B. yet
C. still
D. ever
【答案】C。
79. I am not used to speaking ________ public.
A. in
B. at
C. on
D. to
【答案】A。
80. I didn’t know what to do, but then an idea suddenly ________to me.
A. appeared
B. happened
C. occurred
D. emerged 【答案】C。
81. Measles （麻疹）________ a long time to get over.
A. spend
B. spends
C. take
D. takes 【答案】D。
82. A pair of spectacles ________ what I need at the moment.
A. is
B. are
C. has
D. have
【答案】A。
83. — Do you want to wait?
— Five days ________ too long for me to wait.
A. was
B. were
C. is
D. are
【答案】C。
84. You had better ________ a doctor as soon as possible.
A. seeing
B. saw
C. see
D. seen
【答案】C。
85. The boy is not happy at the new school. He has ________ friends there.
A. few
B. a few
C. little
D. a little
【答案】A。
86. I fell and hurt myself while I ________ basketball yesterday.
A. was playing
B. am playing
C. play
D. played
【答案】A。
87. Tom ________ more than twenty pounds on the novel.
A. spent
B. paid
C. cost
D. took
【答案】A。
88. Don't forget _________ the window before leaving the room.
A. to have closed
B. to close
C. having closed
D. closing
【答案】B。
89. Twenty people were______ wounded in the air crash.
A. quickly
B. wrongly
C. bitterly
D. seriously
【答案】D。
90. The top of the Great Wall is ________ for five horses to go side by side.
A. wide
B. so wide
C. wide enough
D. enough wide 【答案】C。
91. We’ve missed the last bu s. I'm afraid we have no ______ but to take a taxi.
A. way
B. choice
C. possibility
D. selection
【答案】B。
92. Nancy is considered to be _________ the other students in her class.
A. less intelligent
B. the most intelligent
C. intelligent as well
D. as intelligent as 【答案】D。
93. It's __________ that he was wrong.
A. clearly
B. clarity
C. clear
D. clearing
【答案】C。
94. There _________ a book and some magazines on the desk.
A. is
B. be
C. have
D. has
【答案】A。
95. She is not only my classmate __________ also my good friend.
A. or
B. but
C. and
D. too
【答案】B。
96. He asked the waiter ________ the bill.
A. on
B. of
C. for
D. after
【答案】C。
97. __________ you are leaving tomorrow, we can have dinner together tonight.
A. Since
B. While
C. For
D. Before
【答案】A。
98. I would like to do the job ________ you don't force me to study.
A. in case
B. although
C. though
D. as long as
【答案】D。
99. The reason I did not go abroad was ________ a job in my home town.
A. because
B. due to
C. that I got
D. because of getting 【答案】C。
100. __________ she survived the accident is miracle.
A. What
B. That
C. As
D. Which
【答案】B。
101. You shouldn't ___________ your time like that, Bob, and was cold yesterdak tonight.
A. cut
B. do
C. kill
D. kick
【答案】C。
102. Both the kids and their parents _________ English, I think. I know it from their accent.
A. is
B. been
C. are
D. was
【答案】C。
103、The explorers sailed on the ocean for two weeks and ________ found the mysterious land.
A.generally
B.eventually
C.extremely
D.gradually
答案：B
104、During the future examinations you should avoid ________ such mistakes.
A.make
B.to make
C.making
D.made
答案：C
105、Why not ________ boating with us in the park?
A.to go
B.going
C.go
D.goes
答案：C
106、Of all the students in our class, Betty writes ___________.
A.very carefully
B.most carefully
C.more carefully
D.the most carefully
答案：B
107、-Would you like a bag of rice?
-Yes. I have ______ rice at home.
A.some
B.little
C.a little
D.any
答案：B
108、Neither Jack nor I ________ able to persuade his father to attend the wedding.
A.am
B.are
C.were
D.is
答案：A
109、Henry is often seen ________ English aloud every morning in the classroom.
A.read
B.reads
C.being read
D.to read
答案：D
110、We were _______ for half an hour in the traffic and so we arrived late.
A.put back
B.broke down
C.held up
D.kept off
答案：C
111、His example _______ that everyone can become a useful person in society so long as he is willing to work hard.
A.expresses
B.thinks
C.indicates
D.supplies
答案：C
112、This is the student _______ I know will pass the TOEFL test.
A.who
B.whom
C.whose
D.what
答案：B
113、Are you going to fix the car yourself, or are you going to have it _______?
A.fixing
B.to fix
C.fix
D.fixed
答案：D
114、At the _______ of the police, those people ran off in all directions.
A.sight
B.look
C.watch
D.view
答案：A
115、Never get off the bus ______it has stopped.
A.if
B.as soon as
C.until
D.or
答案：C
116、_______fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect.
A.What
B.That
C.This
D.Which
答案：B
117、A computer can only do _______you have instructed it to do.
A.how
B.after
C.what
D.when
答案：C
118、Chinese is spoken by the _____number of people in the world.
A.smallest
B.most
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/f318972341.html,rgest
D.wide
答案：C
119、Do you regret paying five hundred dollars for the painting?
No, I'd gladly have paid __________for it.
A.twice as much
B.two time as many
C.as much twice
D.so many twice
答案：A
120、We'll go for a picnic if it ________tomorrow.
A.isn't going to rain
B.won't rain
C.doesn't rain
D.isn't raining
答案：C
121、We were all surprised when he made it clear that he _____________office soon.
A.leaves
B.would leave
C.left
D.had left
答案：B
122、Stars have better players, so I _______them to win.
A.hope
B.prefer
C.expect
D.want
答案：C
123、The old man lives _______. He always feels ________.
A.lonely, lonely
B.alone, alone
C.lonely, alone
D.alone, lonely
答案：D
124、One and a half hour _______since we arrive. No one has come to meet us.
A.have passed
B.was passed
C.pass
D.has passed
答案：D
125、I'll have a cup of coffee and _____.
A.two breads
B.two piece of breads
C.two pieces of breads
D.two pieces of bread 答案：D
126、How many students ________in your class?
A.are there
B.is there
C.there are
D.there is
答案：A
127、What will be the population of our country by the end of __________.
A.twenty-one century
B.the twenty-one century
C.the twenty-first century
D.twenty-first century
答案：C
128、My father is leaving ______Shanghai tomorrow.
A.for
B.in
C.into
D.to
答案：A
129、He plays bowling much ____________than he did three years ago.
A.good
B.well
C.wonderfully
D.more wonderfully 答案：D
130、You _____do that, if you don't want to.
A.won't
B.mustn't
C.needn't
D.shouldn't
答案：C
英语词汇与语法
since 英音：[sins]美音：[s?ns] 副词ad. (常用于现在完成时或过去完成时) 1. 此后;从那时到现在 She left school three years ago and has worked as a nurse ever since. 她三年前毕业,从那时起便一直当护士。 2. 之前,以前 介词prep. 1. (常用于现在完成时或过去完成时)自...以来,从...至今 I haven't heard from him since last year. 我自去年以来未曾收到过他的信。 连接词conj. 1. (常用于现在完成时或过去完成时)自...以来,从...至今 It's been ten years since they married. 他们结婚到现在已经十年了。 She has been living a hard life since her husband died. 她自从丈夫死后,一直过着艰苦的生活。 2. 既然;因为,由于 He must have taken the book since it isn't here. 他一定是把书拿走了,因为书已不在这里了。 Since it is so hot, let's go swimming. 既然天气这么热,我们去游泳吧。 when 副词ad. 1. (用作疑问副词)什么时候,何时 I'd like to know when they'll let him out. 我想知道他们什么时候放他。 When did you last see Margaret? 你上一次见到玛格丽特是什么时候?
词汇与语法
Word List (单词表) message n. 要旨，要点 tricky adj. (工作、问题等)微妙的，棘手的;(人)狡猾的beginning n. 开始;起初 semester n. (尤指美国大专院校的)学期m cover v. 处理 duty n. 任务 management n. 管理 number one adj. 最重要的;头号的 seriously adv. 真心地，当真地;认真地，严肃地 once conj. 一旦……(就……) weekly adj. 每周一次的 follow v. 遵照;沿用 following adj. 紧接着的 realistic adj. 现实可行的 essay n. 作文;短文 quiz n. 考查;测验 upset v. 打乱(计划等);打翻 ability n. 能力;才智
grade n. (考试或作业的)分数 achieve v. 获得 flexible adj. 灵活的 re-plan v. 重新计划 basis n. 基础;根据 project n. 课题;科研项目 mid-term adj. 期中的 solid adj. 扎实的 schedule n. 计划表 alive adj. 起作用的;现存的;活着的assignment n. (指定的)作业 activity n. 活动 social adj. 社交的;交谊的 seem v. 似乎;好像 back adj. 以前的;过去的 Proper Names Elwood N. Chapman 埃尔伍德·N·查普曼(人名) Useful Expressions(常用短语)
初中英语语法和词汇教学心得体会
初中英语词汇和语法教学心得体会 在初中英语教学中，词汇和语法的学习是一个重要的组成部分。因此在教学中应该加强语法、词汇教学，否则，学生的语言能力将难以提高。 初中词汇和语法教学中，首先学生在读音方面感觉困难很大，难以读准单词，有相当一部分学生往往还用汉语为英语单词注音。其次，在拼写方面，学生没有意识到字母在单词中的读音与单词的拼写有着一定的规律。在记忆单词的时候，没有通过读音和字母的关系来记忆单词，常常是死记硬背单词字母的组合。第三，在记忆单词的意义的时候，过分注意该单词所对应的汉语意义的记忆，学生完全靠死记硬背掌握单词。在初中一年级时，由于内容较少，词汇和语法简单，学生尚能应付，但随着年级的增高，英语内容的深化，词汇量的增加，学生越来越感觉到词汇的记忆和语法的学习已成为学习英语的最大障碍。于是，逐渐对英语产生厌学情绪，有的甚至于放弃这门学科。 如何解决教学中存在的这些问题呢？ 在词汇教学方面，首先，词汇教学也一定要贯彻“听说领先”的原则，在初中年级，特别是一年级，要贯彻“听说领先”的教学原则。因此，词汇教学也一定要首先是“听”。即教师在教单词时，先让学生听，让学生去“辨音”，教师所展示的不是课本里的文字，而是每个词是由几个音素、几个音节构成，重音在什么地方，这样才能
从听的意义上掌握词汇。同时，又能为学生学好语音、语调打好基础，真正地培养学生的听能，为以后更好地接收英语的输入做准备。 其次，在听的基础上加强读音规则的教学，以培养学生的拼读能力这是因为，英语属于拼音文字，虽然字母的名称音和字母在单词中的读音不同，但是，字母在单词中的读音还是有一定的规律可循。我们在词汇教学中，先让学生通过听英语单词分辨出单词的读音之后，再进行读音规则的教学，使学生能够根据字母在单词中的读音规律把单词拼写出来。 培养学生的拼读能力应该从最简单的拼读抓起，采取循序渐进的原则，通过归类和比较，使学生掌握单词中字母及组合的读音规律，能够听词能写，见词会读。 第三，教师在平时上课时，就有意先读一些词汇，或读课文，让学生先不要去看书，跟老师读这些词，然后再让学生拼写，和学生讨论如何去拼写，看这些词是由哪些字母组成的。特别是一些规律性的东西，需要反复进行训练。对于一些没有规律的单词构成，进行比较，以促进记忆。老师还可以先写出单词或句子，让学生根据已有的拼读知识试着去读出这些单词或句子。 第四，拼读训练是一个长期的过程，教师首先要了解学生的拼读能力，从最基础开始，循序渐进，掌握有规律的单词读音，比较无规律的单词读音，从而达到记忆词汇，培养读写能力的目的。 而语法教学只是一种手段，其最终目的不是让学生简单地记住语言规则，而是让其将语言的形式、意义和功能有机地结合起来，使其
词汇与语法
四级语法和词汇（1） 1. My father never gave me ______. A. many advice B. many advices C. much advice D. a lot of advices 参考答案：C TIP：advice为不可数名词，不能用many来修饰，也没有复数形式。 2. She took him ______and led him across the road. A. by his hand B. by the hand C. with hand D. with the hand 参考答案：B TIP：take ... by the hand“抓住……的手”。英语的习惯是在动词后先提人，而后在介词后再提具体的身体部位，身体部位前通常用定冠词。 3. I don't think he is to blame, ______? A. do I B. is he C. isn't he D. does he 参考答案：B TIP：本句涉及的是否定的转移问题，I don't think 中的否定词否定的是宾语从句，故附加疑问句就需要用肯定的形式。 4. ______ I know the money is safe, I shall not worry about it. A. Even though B. Unless C. As long as D. However 参考答案：C TIP：as long as“只要”。 5. He couldn't lie convincingly enough to take a child _______.
语音、词汇、语法知识点
语音、词汇、语法知识点及部分试题讲析 主讲教师：陈香 （一）语音 一、用汉语拼音给下面的汉字注音，如果有变调的， 请在下面划横线标出。 接阅可俄泪更盆瑞粉笔月牙儿水库选举 读了领导他们围嘴儿好产品浅水儿子 二、汉语的音节可以分析为。 音节是___的语音单位。汉语中，一个汉字读出来往往就是一个____。
三、普通话的声调，用“五度标记法”是怎样表示的？ 调值和调类的关系如何？ 1.声调就 是。 2.普通话的声调有___类，它们是。通常说成。 3.调值是。 4.普通话声调的调值可以用___ 来表示。普通话各类声调的调值是。 5.普通话中发音高而平的是___，先降后升的是___，由中升到高的是___，由高降到低的是___。 6.按"去、上、阳、阴"声调排列的成语是（） A、山河锦绣 B、异口同声 C、去粗存精 D、破斧沉舟 E、英明果断 7.按"阴、阳、上、去"声调排列的成语是（）
A、心明眼亮 B、光明磊落 C、胸怀广阔 D、钻研马列 E、坚持努力 8."鱼"和"雨"、"衣服"和"依附"、"大嫂"和"打扫"靠__来区别 9.普通话中又轻又短的调子叫___，这是一种___现象。 10.变调比较重要的有___、___的变调和___。 11.在上声音节之前，上声音节的调值由___变为___，称"上上相连变阳平"。 12.上声在非上声转化来的轻声前念，在上声转化来的轻声前念。 13.去声音节在去声音前调值由变为，这是由于后一音节起点高而同化的结果。 14.根据"一"字的变调规律，"一心一意"中的两个"一"应分别读作和。 15. 简述三声的变调规律
四、请指出下列各组的相同点： g、k、h的发音共同点是 j、q、x的发音共同点是 zh、ch、sh、r、的发音共同点是 d、t、n、l的发音共同点是 z、c、s的发音共同点是 b、p、m的发音共同点是 m、n的发音也有相同的地方，它们都是 五、请指出下列各组的不同点： g和k的发音不同处在于_______，相同处在于______。d和t的发音不同处在于______，相同处在于______。b和p的发音不同处在于______，相同处在于______。z和c发音的不同处在于______，相同处在于_____。zh和ch发音的不同处在于_____，相同处在于______。j和q发音的不同处在于_____，相同处在于______。 六、一般来说，韵头由充当。
英语专四语法与词汇模拟练习题4
2020届英语专四专八语法与词汇练习题 （后附详细答案） Flight simulator （飞行模拟器）refers to any electronic or mechanical system for training airplane and spacecraft pilots and crew member by simulating flight conditions. The purpose of simulation is not to completely substitute （1）_____ actual flight training but to thoroughly familiarize students with the vehicle （2）_____ before they （3）_____ extensive and possibly dangerous actual flight training. Simulations also is useful for review and for familiarizing pilots with new （4）_____ to existing craft. Two early flight simulators appeared in England within a decade after the first flight of Orville and Wilbur Wright. They were designed to enable pilots to stimulate simple aircraft （5）_____ in three dimensions：nose up or down；left wing high and right low，or vice versa；and （6）_____ to left or right. It took until 1929，however，for a truly effective simulator，the Link Trainer，to appear，devised by Edwin A. Link，a self-educated aviator and inventor from Binghamton，New York. （7）_____，airplane instrumentation had been developed sufficiently to permit “blind” flying on instruments alone，but training pilots to do so involved （8）_____ risk. Link built a model of an airplane cockpit equipped （9）_____ instrument panel and controls that could realistically stimulate all the movements of an airplane. Pilots could use the device for instrument training，manipulating the controls （10）_____ instrument readings so as to maintain straight and level flight or （11）_____ climb or descent with no visual reference （12）_____ any horizon except for the artificial one on the instrument panel. The trainer was modified （13）_____ aircraft technology advanced. Commercial airlines began to use the Link Trainer for pilot training，and the US government began purchasing them in 1934，（14）_____ thousands more as World War II approached. Technological advances during the war，particularly in electronics，helped to make the flight simulator increasingly （15）_____. The use of efficient analog computers in the early 1950s led to further improvements. Airplane cockpits，controls，and instrument displays had by then become so individualized that it was no longer feasible to use a generalized trainer to prepare pilots to fly anything （16）_____ the simplest light planes. By the 1950s，the US Air Force was using simulators that precisely （17）_____ the cockpits of its planes. During the early 1960s （18）_____ digital and hybrid computers were adopted，and their speed and flexibility revolutionized simulation systems. Further advances in computer and （19）_____ technology，notably the development of virtual-reality simulation，have made it possible to （20）_____ highly complex real-life conditions. 1. A. for B. to C. with D. on
词汇与语法概述
词汇与语法分析 1．词汇和语法结构的考查重点 首先我们来看一看四级考试中，语法和结构部分究竟考了些什么，重点和容易出错的问题在哪里? ①语义问题，包括多义词、同义词、近义词、反义词等。英语中不少单词是多义词，而有的学生只知道它们最常见的一个或者两个意思，却不知道其它含义和在特定上下文中的引伸意义，这些都是在考试中容易考到的部分，也是容易出错的部分。英语和汉语属于两个完全不同的语系，词语的含义不能完全对等，受汉语语意的干扰也是容易出错的原因之一。 ②搭配问题，包括名词与形容词的搭配，动词与名词的搭配，动词、名词或形容词与介词的搭配，动词与副词的搭配等。这些搭配纷繁复杂，千变万化，是产生词汇和语法错误的主要原因。 ③语法结构问题，主要是时态、语态、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、从句(包括连接词和关系代词或关系副词)等方面的问题。特别是，在特定的语境中应该选用何种时态或何种句子结构，往往是容易出错的关键。 其次再看一看该部分在整个考试中的地位和时间分配。 该部分共30题，一般40％考察短语和词汇，60％考察语法，每一题0．5分，共15分，时间是20分钟。从整体上看，占分比例不大，不象阅读理解那样占分多，而且每一题分值高(每题，2分)，但显然这15分我们也不能轻易放弃。现在的关键问题是：绝大部分学生在这一部分不是花的时间少了，而是多了。我们知道这一部分的考察主要靠的是知识和语感，不是说多琢磨一会儿就能答对，有时甚至恰恰相反。所以每一题d0秒的时间显然可以压缩，根据经验大约可以到30秒一题(当然这里不是要你去计算每一题做题时间)，这样节省下来的时间可以用到分值更高的阅读理解中去。 2．语法结构与词汇应试策略 大纲要求 最新《大学英语教学大纲》对四级语法的要求是：“巩固和加深基本语法知识，提高在语篇水平上运用语法知识的能力。”《大纲》对四级词汇的要求是：“领会式掌握4200单词(其中复用式掌握的单词为2500)，以及由这些词构成的常用词组1600条(中学所掌握的词和词组均包括在内)，并且有按照基本构词法识别生词的能力。” 四级语法结构与词汇考查内容 四级考试对语法词汇的考查与《大纲》要求是十分一致的。综观近年来的四级考试题，我们不难发现四级考试语法词汇部分是这样体现《大纲》的。 1．语法考题的涉及面宽 近年考题曾经考到：几乎所有词类，三种动词的非谓语形式，名词从句，形容词从句，副词从句，独立主格，一致，倒装，强调等基本语法知识。 2．语法考试的重点突出 语法考试的重点为内容庞杂较难掌握的项目，这些项目还反复出现如：虚拟语气，状语从句，定语从句，独立主格，情态动词。 3．具体考查重点为以上项目中的特殊用法，不常用的情况· 1)虚拟语气的考点为：would rather +that从句+一般过去时：It is vital／necessary／important／urgent／imperative n.命令, 诫命, 需要, 规则, 祈使语气adj.命令的, 强制的, 紧急的, 必要的, 势在必行的, [语法]祈使的／desirable／advisable／natural／essential +that+动词原形；It is time／about time／high time+ that+一般过去时：proposal／suggestion +that+动词原形；lest +that +should+动词原形水only + that +would+动词原形。 2)状语从句的考点为：非if引导的条件状语从句，此类句子多用at times，provided，so
外研版选修六M3词汇和语法知识练习题 无答案
选修六M3(Interpersonal Relationships-Friendship) 教学目标 掌握选修六M3的单词、语法知识点及其常见考点、命题规律 知识梳理 单词: close亲密的，亲近的chat聊天，闲谈 amount数量raise筹钱 swing旋转，摆动count数 quarrel吵架regret后悔 alike相像的forgive原谅 loss损失scold责备；申斥 slide滑行scratch擦伤，划伤 tear撕破spy间谍 perfect完美的privilege权利；特权 mention提到burst out突然发生 k nock…over撞伤from time to time偶尔；有时make up和好keep in touch保持联系 (be)ashamed of为…感到惭愧（be）on good terms with与某人关系很好bring…to mind使想起in return反过来，作为交换 语法： 动词-ing形式的完成式作状语&动词-ing与动词不定式作宾语 阅读下列句子，体会黑体部分的用法 1.Having lost all my friends,I felt shy and lonely at my new school. 2.Having left something in the cloakroom,I went inside to get it. 3.This week end,having thought about the situation for a while,I decided to ask Roy about the theft. 4.The girls stopped talking when the teacher came into the room. 5.Walking along the road,the girls s topped to look in a shop window. 6.Do you remember going to school for the first time? 7.Remember to give me a ring when you get home. 一、动词-ing形式的完成式作状语 动词-ing形式的完成式由“having＋过去分词形式”构成。它表示的动作发生在句中谓语动词之前。常在句中作时间、原因、让步状语等。 动词-ing形式的完成式的否定式为“not＋having＋过去分词形式”，其被动式为having been done。Not having received a reply，she decided to write another email. 没有收到回复，她决定再写一封电子邮件。 Having been informed of the decision，I decided to mak e preparations. 被告知这个决定后，我决定做些准备。 Having worked in the countryside for three years，he learned how to grow vegetables. 在乡下工作了三年之后，他学会了如何种菜。 [名师点津] 动词-ing形式的一般式和完成式作状语的用法区别
大学英语B——词汇与语法
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on at that in 答案：A 7、I won’t make the _______ mistake next time. 答案：B 8、I didn’t know what to do, but then an idea suddenly ________ to me. 答案：C 9、A pair of spectacles ________ what I need at the moment. 答案：A 10、He _______ lives in the house where he was born. 答案：C 11、- Do you want to wait? - Five days ________ too long for me to wait.
人教版年级英语词汇与语法
小学1-6年级英语基础知识汇总 语法知识 一.名词：名词单复数，名词的格 (一)名词单复数 1.一般情况，直接加-s，如：bo ok-boo ks, b a g-b a gs, c a t-c a t s, b ed-b ed s 2.以s. x.s h.ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-bu s es,b ox-b ox e s,b r us h-b ru s he s, w a t ch-w at ch e s 3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i,再加-es，如：f am i l y-f a m i l i e s, s t ra w b er r y-s t r a wb er r i es 4.以“f或f e”结尾，变f或f e为v, 再加-es，如：kni fe-k ni v e s 5.不规则名词复数： m a n-m en, wo m a n-w o m e n,p ol i c em a n-p ol i c e m en, p ol i c e wo m an-p ol i c e w om en, m ou s e-m i c e c h i l d-c hi l d r e n, f o ot-f ee t,t oot h-t e et h,fi s h-f i s h,pe op l e-p eo pl e, C hi ne s e-C h i n es e, J a p a n es e-J a pa n es e 不可数名词的复数就是原型：pa p e r, j u i c e, w at e r, m i l k, r i c e, t ea (二)名词的格 (1) 有生命的东西的名词所有格： a)单数后加’s如:Lu c y’s r u l e r m y f a t h e r’s s hi rt b) 以s结尾的复数名词后加’如: hi s f ri en ds’ b a gs c)不以s结尾的复数后加’s chi l d re n’s s h oe s l并列名词中，如果把’s加在最后一个名词后，表示共有,如: T om an d M i ke’s c ar汤姆和迈克共有的小汽车 l要表示所有物不是共有的，应分别在并列名词后加’s T om’s a nd Mi k e’s c a r s 汤姆和麦克各自的小汽车 (2)表示无生命东西的名词通常用“ o f+名词”来表示所有关系：如: a pi ct u r e of t h e cl as s ro om a m a p of C h i n a 二.冠词：不定冠词，定冠词种类： (1)不定冠词：a / an 元音开头的可数名词前用a n : a n e gg /an a ppl e/a n o r a n ge/an e r as e r/an a ns w er/an ID c a r d/a n al a rm c l o ck / a n a ct o r / an a ct r es s / an e-m ai l / a n a dd r es s / a n ev e nt / a n ex am p l e /
英语专四语法与词汇模拟练习题附答案
1. My pain ____ apparent the moment I walked into the room, for the first man I met asked sympathetically: "Are you feeling all right?" A. must be B. must have been C. had been D. had to be 2. It is only when you nearly lose someone ____ fully conscious of how much you value him. A. do you become B. then you become C. that you become D. have you become 3. Just as the soil is a part of the earth, ___ the atmosphere. A. as it is B. so is C. the same as D. and so is 4. While driving along the treacherous road, ___ . A. my right rear tire blew out B. my right rear tire had a blowout C. I had a blowout on my right rear tire D. I had my right rear tire blowout 5. Jean Wagner's most enduring contribution to the study of Afro-American Poetry is his insistence that ___________ it in a religious, as well as worldly, frame of reference. A. is to be analyzed B. has been analyzed C. be analyzed D. should have been analyzed 6. __ there is little we can do to modify the weather, we can at least know what kind of weather to expect. A. Since B. When C. While D. Unless 7. This organization brought Western artists together in the hope of making more of an impact on the art community _____ any of them could inpidually and to promote Western art by women. A. rather than B. rather C. than D. other than 8. But the Swiss discovered long years ago that constant warfare brought them ___ suffering and poverty. A. anything but B. nothing but C. none other than D. no more than 9. After ___ seemed an endless wait, it was her turn to step into the doctor's office. A. it B. that C. what D. which 10. The board deemed it's urgent that these files ___ right away. A. had to be printed B. should have been printed C. must be printed D. should be printed 11. The sale usually takes place outside the house, with the audience ___ on benches, chairs or boxes. A. having seated B. seating C. seated D. having been seated 12. __ in this way, the situation doesn't seem so disappointing. A. To look at B. Looking at C. Looked at D. To be looked at 13. Nobody came to see me while I was out, ___ ? A. did they B. didn't they C. did she D. didn't she 14. You will see this product ___ wherever you go. A. to be advertised B. advertised C. advertise D. advertising 15. Suddenly ___ fire broke out in the room and everything in it was soon on ___ fire. A. /, a B. The, / C. a, / D. /, the 16. If you ___ Jerry Brown until recently, you'd think the photograph on the right was strange. A. shouldn't contact B. weren't to contact C. didn't contact D. hadn't contacted 17. Scientists think __ helps some trees to conserve water in the winter. A. when losing leaves B. leaves are lost C. that losing leaves D. the leaves losing
三级英语三重点：阅读词汇和语法
三级英语三重点：阅读词汇和语法 2007年4月21日，北京地区上半年成人本科学士学位英语考试将（以下简称成人三级英语）举行。考生目前还有不到4周时间备考。专家建议，考生冲刺阶段要根据大纲，重点突破阅读、词汇、语法结构等知识点，并加强应试技巧的训练。 阅读：三途径提高复习效率 阅读题的比重为30%，包括阅读选择题30分及5个划线部分句子的汉语翻译10分。翻译主要考查考生对划线句子是否理解和汉语表达能力，考生一般不存在汉语表达能力问题，因此，英译汉实际上考的是理解能力。 短期提高理解能力有三种有效方法。一、建议考生从近几次考试真题中挑选40篇左右的文章，按社会问题、西方文化、教育问题、科普知识和环境保护等话题分类精读；二、进行50个长难句分析，提高分析阅读中的长难句能力；三、通过对逻辑关系、标点符号及一些特征语言信息点，寻读等方法提高做题技巧，学会根据题干推测文章话题和主题，对题目进行分类，根据题干中的中心词到原文中定位，同义改写，选出正确答案。对于平时训练中做错的题目要注意出错
原因，争取在考试时不犯同样错误。 阅读部分除分值较高外，大纲中大多数重点词汇和重要句式在这部分也屡有出现。冲刺训练时，注意在阅读同时掌握大纲词汇的本义及引申义，在语言环境中记忆单词有一举两得的效果。 词汇：忌贪多嚼不烂 考生尽量不要脱离三级英语大纲复习词汇，在时间较紧的情况下，贪多求难效率并不高。最近几次考试，词汇题考查点基本在大纲词汇表范围内。有40%左右的重点词汇在多次考试中出现。例如2006年11月第38题为： The streets were empty ____ the policemen on duty. A. besides B. except C. excepting D. except for 而2006年4月第27题为： The little village hasn‘t changed much _____ a new road and two more stores. A. except B. besides C. except that D. except for 二者的考点是一样的，都是考查except和besides的区别。类似的例子不胜枚举。 此外，三级考试词汇题目的考点中有20%以上词汇出现在以往真题的阅读中，例如2006年11月第36题为：
英语语法常用词汇
English grammar terms often used 英语语法常用词语1．Parts of speech 词类 noun 名词pronoun 代词numeral 数词adjective 形容词verb 动词adverb副词article 冠词preposition介词conjunction连词interjection感叹词particle 小品词 2. Word building 构词法 conversion 转化derivation 派生affixation词缀法prefix前缀suffix后缀compound words 合成词 3．Classification of nouns 名词的分类 common nouns普通名词proper nouns 专有名词 individual nouns个体名词collective nouns 集合名词 material nouns 物质名词abstract nouns 抽象名词 countable nouns 可数名词uncountable nouns不可数名词 the singular form 单数形式the plural form 复数形式 the common case 普通格the possessive case 所有格 the subjective case 主格the objective case 宾格 person 人称third person singular 第三人称单数 4. Classification of pronouns 代词的分类 personal pronouns 人称代词possessive pronouns 物主代词 self pronouns 反身代词demonstrative pronouns 指示代词 interrogative pronouns 疑问代词conjunctive pronouns 连接代词 relative pronouns 关系代词reciprocal pronouns 相互代词 indefinite pronouns 不定代词 5．数词、形容词、冠词 cardinal numerals 基数词ordinal numerals 序数词 fractional numerals 分数词the comparative degree 比较级 the superlative degree 最高级The definite article 定冠词 the indefinite article 不定冠词 6．Classification of verbs 动词的分类 national verbs 实义动词link-verbs系动词 auxiliary verbs助动词modal verbs 情态动词 transitive verbs 及物动词intransitive verbs 不及物动词 regular verbs 规则动词irregular verbs 不规则动词 the present forms 现在式the past forms 过去式 the participle 分词the present participle现在分词 the past participle 过去分词the infinitive 不定式 the gerund 动名词bare infinitive 不带to的不定式
小学英语知识点(语法,句型,词汇)
第一部分：语法知识（词类） 一.名词：名词单复数，名词的格式 (一)名词单复数 1.一般情况，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds 2.以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches 3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries 4.以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives 5.不规则名词复数： man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen,mouse-mice，child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 不可数名词的复数就是原型：paper, juice, water, milk, rice, tea (二)名词的格 (1) 有生命的东西的名词所有格： a) 单数后加’s 如: Lucy’s ruler my father’s shirt b) 以s 结尾的复数名词后加’如: his friends’ bags c) 不以s 结尾的复数后加’s children’s shoes d)并列名词中，如果把’s加在最后一个名词后，表示共有, 如: Tom and Mike’s car 汤姆和迈克共有的小汽车 要表示所有物不是共有的，应分别在并列名词后加’s Tom’s and Mike’s cars 汤姆和麦克各自的小汽车 (2)表示无生命东西的名词通常用“ of +名词”来表示所有关系：如: a picture of the classroom a map of China 二.冠词：不定冠词，定冠词 1.种类： (1)不定冠词：a / an a unit / an uncle 元音开头的可数名词前用an : an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer / an ID card / an alarm clock / an actor / an actress / an e-mail / an address / an event / an example / an opera / an houran old man / an interesting book / an exciting sport / an action movie / an art lesson / (2)定冠词：the the egg the plane 2. 用法: 定冠词的用法： (1)特指某(些)人或某(些)物：The ruler is on the desk. (2)复述上文提到的人或物：He has a sweater. The sweater is new. (3)谈话双方都知道的人或物：The boys aren’t at school. (4)在序数词前：John’s birthday is February the second. (5)用于固定词组中：in the morning / afternoon / evening 不用冠词的情况： (1)专有名词前：China is a big country.