浙江省高考英语二轮复习 科普知识阅读理解(1)

科普知识阅读理解（1）

科普知识（阅读理解）

由 (2013新课标全国Ⅰ,B)改编

The baby is just one day old and has not yet left hospital.She is quiet but alert (警觉).Twenty centimeters from her face researchers have placed a white card with two black spots on it.She stares at it carefully.A researcher removes the card and replaces it by another,this time with the spots differently spaced.As the cards change from one to the other,her gaze(凝视) starts to lose its focus—until a third,with three black spots,is presented.Her gaze returns:she looks at it for twice as long as she did at the previous card.Can she tell that the number two is different from three,just 24 hours after coming into the world?

Or do newborns simply prefer more to fewer? The same experiment,but with three spots shown before two,shows the same return of interest when the number of spots changes.Perhaps it is just the newness? When slightly older babies were shown cards with pictures of objects(a comb,a key,an orange and so on),changing the number of objects had an effect separate from changing the objects themselves.Could it be the pattern that two things make,as opposed to three? No again.Babies paid more attention to squares moving randomly on a screen when their number changed from two to three,or three to two.The effect even crosses between senses.Babies who were repeatedly shown two spots became more excited when they then heard three drumbeats than when they heard just two;likewise(同样地) when the researchers started with drumbeats and moved to spots.

1.The experiment described in Paragraph 1 is related to the baby’s .

A.sense of hearing

B.sense of sight

C.sense of touch

D.sense of smell

2.Babies are sensitive to the change in .

A.the size of cards

B.the colour of pictures

C.the shape of patterns

D.the number of objects

3.Why did the researchers test the babies with drumbeats?( )

A.To reduce the difficulty of the experiment.

B.To see how babies recognize sounds.

C.To carry their experiment further.

D.To keep the babies’ interest.

4.Where does this text probably come from?( )

A.Science fiction.

B.Children’s literature.

C.An advertisement.

D.A science report.

语篇解读:本文为说明文。研究人员通过一系列试验,检验婴儿对数量变化的敏感程度,发现当数量发生变化时,婴儿会变得更加兴奋。

答案及剖析:1.B 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“She stares at it carefully.”和“Her gaze returns”可知,该试验主要针对的是婴儿的视觉(sense of sight)。

2.D细节理解题。根据第一段中的“until a third,with three black spots,is presented.Her gaze returns:she looks at it for twice as long as she did at the previous card.”可知,当图片上物体的数量发生变化时,婴儿注视图片的时间增加了一倍。由此可知,婴儿对物体数量的变化非常敏感。

3.C 推理判断题。根据第二段的内容可知,研究者变换了对婴儿的刺激方式,是为了更深入地进行研究。故选C项。

4.D 推理判断题。本文介绍了对婴儿进行的试验、试验的经过、结果等,因此本文可能来自于一份科学报告。故选D项。

【长难句子分析】

当正方形上的数字由两个变成三个或由三个变成两个时,婴儿就更多地注意屏幕上任意移动的正方形。

阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。【2013·江西临川一中压轴考试】

Since we are social beings，the quality of our lives depends in large measure on our interpersonal relationships.One strength of the human conditions is our possibility to give and receive support from one another under stressful (有压力的) conditions.Social support consists of the exchange of resources among people based on their interpersonal ties.Those of us with strong support systems appear better able to deal with major life changes and daily problems.People with strong social ties live longer and have better health than those without such ties.Studies over types of illnesses，from depression to heart disease，show that the presence of social support helps people defend themselves against illness，and the absence of such support makes poor health more likely.

Social support cushions stress in a number of ways.First，friends，relatives and co-workers may let us know that they value us.Our self-respect is strengthened when we feel accepted by others in spite of our faults and difficulties.Second，other people often provide us with informational support.They help us to define and understand our problems and find solutions to them.Third，we typically find social companionship supportive.Taking part in free-time activities with others helps us to meet our social needs while at the same time distracting (转移注意力) us from our worries and troubles.Finally，other people may give us instrumental support—money aid，material resources，and needed services—that reduces stress by helping us resolve and deal with our problems.

1．Interpersonal relationships are important because they can________.

A．deal with life changes

B．smooth away daily problems

C．make people live more easily

D．cure types of illnesses

2．The researches show that people’s physical and menta l health________.

A．has much to do with the amount of support they get from others

B．lies in the social medical care systems which support them

C．depends on their ability to deal with daily worries and troubles

D．is related to their courage for dealing with major life changes.

3．Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “cushions”？A．takes place of B．makes up of

C．lessens the effect of D．gets rid of

4．Helping a sick neighbor with some repair work in spare time is an example of________. A．instrumental support

B．informational support

C．social companionship

D．the strengthening of self-respect

5．What is the subject discussed in the text?

A．Effects of stressful conditions.

B．Kinds of social support.

C．Ways to deal with stress.

D．Interpersonal relationships.

语篇解读本文是一篇议论文。文章主要阐述了我们是社会性的动物，所以我们的生活质量很大程度上取决于人际关系。

1．解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“to deal with major life changes and daily problems...Studies over types of illnesses”可知，A、B、D三项的内容只是问题的一部分，都比较片面。

答案： C

2．解析：细节理解题。researches和studies都是研究的意思，根据第一段的最后一句话中“Studies over types of illnesses，from depression to heart disease，show that the presence of social support helps people defend themselves against illness，and the absence of such support makes poor health more likely.”可知A项正确。B、C两项在文中没有提及，而D选项只提到了life changes，内容太片面。

答案： A

3．解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段最后一句“...the presence of social support helps people defend themselves against...”可知，画线词所在句子的句意为：社会支持以许多方式减轻压力。take place of代替；make up of构成，组成；lessen the effect of减少影响，免受影响；get rid of摆脱，除掉，去掉。

答案： C

4．解析：细节理解题。在最后一段中，作者给出了几种不同的support。第一种是“friends，relatives and co-workers may let us know that they value us.”即从朋友、亲戚和同事那获得的支持；第二种是“other people often provide us with informational support.”

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