(英语)高三英语阅读理解专项训练及答案及解析

（英语）高三英语阅读理解专项训练及答案及解析

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

Many foreign students report feeling lonely or unwelcome in Australia. Those feelings are among the reasons why Australia is taking a close look at its international education industry. But wherever international students go, making friends may not always be easy. Elisabeth Gareis of Baruch College in New York surveyed 454 international students. They were attending four-year colleges and graduate schools in the American South and Northeast.

Students from English-speaking countries and from northern and central Europe were more likely to be happy with their friendships. But 38% of the international students said they had no close friends in the United States. And half of the students from East Asia said they were unhappy with the number of American friends they had. Thirty percent said they wished their friendships could be deeper and more meaningful.

Professor Gareis says, “Students from East Asia have cultures that are different on many levels from the culture in the United States. There are also language problems, and maybe some social skills, such as small talks, which are possibly not as important in their native countries, where it's not as important to start friendships with small talks. Many East Asian students blamed themselves for their limited friendships with Americans, for not speaking the language well enough and for not knowing the culture well enough.”

VOA's Students Union blogger Jessica Stahl did her own survey to find out how American students and foreign students relate to each other. More than 100 students, about half of them American, answered her online questions. Half of the international students and 60 % of the Americans said they related as well or better to the other group than to their own group. Professor Gareis says, “International students who make friends with host nationals are, overall, more satisfied with their stay in the host country. They have better language skills, better academic performance and better attitude s toward the host country.”

（1）What can be the best title for the text?

A. Making Friends Is Not Always Easy for Foreign Students

B. Students from East Asia Are Not Good at Making Friends

C. International Education Industry in Australia and America

D. The Relation between Foreign Students and Host Countries

（2）Professor Gareis tends to think that .

A. culture shock should be blamed for many levels of American culture

B. foreign students don't know small talks mean a lot to Americans

C. foreign students should learn some basic social skills first of all

D. foreign students have difficulty making friends for different reasons

（3）How did Jessica Stahl carry out her survey?

A. By doing questionnaires from Students Union.

B. By asking questions on the Internet.

C. By forming the students into groups.

D. By doing a survey through VOA

（4）Which of the following statements will the writer probably agree with?

A. International students like to make more friends in their own group.

B. International

students are more likely to remain in the host country after graduation.

C. Students who make more friends at home have better academic performance.

D. Students who make friends in their host countries feel happier with their experience.

【答案】（1）A

（2）D

（3）B

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，很多学生觉得在澳大利亚感到孤独和不受欢迎，而事实是留学生在任何地方都有可能因为文化、习俗等各方面原因而交不到朋友。

(1)考查主旨大意。这篇文章主要讲了《高等教育纪事报》最近一篇报道称，许多外国学生称在澳大利亚感到孤独或不受欢迎。这些感受是澳大利亚密切关注其国际教育产业的原因之一。但不管国际学生去哪，交朋友可能不总是那么容易。故选A。

(2)考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Professor Gareis says, ‘S tudents from East Asia have cultures that are different on many levels from the culture in the United States. There are also language problems, and maybe some social skills, such as small talk, which are possibly not as important in their native countries, where it's not as important to start friendships with small talks. Many East Asian students blamed themselves for their limited friendships with Americans, for not speaking the language well enough and for not knowing the culture well enough. ’”可知加赖斯教授认为外国学生交友困难是多方面的原因造成的，所以选D。

(3)考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“VOA's Student Union blogger Jessica Stahl did her own survey to find out how American students and foreign students relate to each other. More than 100 students, about half of them American, answered her online que stions.”可知杰西卡·斯塔尔通过在网上问问题的形式进行调查，故选B。

(4)考查推理判断。根据最后一段”Professor Gareis says:‘International students who make friends with host nationals are, overall, more satisfied with their stay in the host country. They have better language skills, they have better academic performance and they have better attitudes toward the host country.’"可知和东道主学生交朋友的国际学生回国后对自己的经历更为满意。所以选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇新闻报道，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

A new study suggests a link between exposure to greenery and reduced desires for alcohol cigarette and junk food.

The study is the first to investigate the possible relationships between exposure to nature and desires and negative emotions. Researchers at the University of Plymouth's School of Psychology surveyed 149 respondents (应答者) aged 21 o 65 about the proportion( 比例 )of green space in

their neighborhood, the presence of green views from their home, their access to a garden and how often they use public green space. The study also asked questions about experiences with depression and anxiety, as well as desires for things like caffeine, alcohol and nicotine. Participants rated the intensity( 强度), imagery, and intrusiveness(侵扰性) of their desires on an 11-point scale.

Researchers found the presence of visible green space contributed to decreased desires for junk food. The effect was particularly noticeable when more than 25 percent of a respondent's view was greenery.

Previous scholarship(学术研究) has dealt mostly with exercise in nature: A 2015 study out of the University of Michigan found 90- minute group nature walks were effective at combatting depression and relieving other mood disorders. But for people who struggle with accessibility or don't have time for a 90-minute walk, this new study suggests just looking out a window at a tree can help fight off a bad habit.

"It has been known for some time that being outdoors in nature is linked to a person's well-being," lead author Leanne Martin said in a statement." But for there to be a similar association with desires from simply being able to see green space adds a new dimension to the previous research."

A 2018 study from Denmark's Aarhus University for example, found that. Having access to green space throughout childhood decreased a person's risk of developing mental health problems as an adult.

（1）What does the second paragraph mainly talk about?

A.The results of the new study.

B.The purpose of the new study.

C.The significance of the new study.

D.The content of the new study.

（2）What does the underlined word "combatting" in paragraph 4 probably mean?

A.Reducing.

B.Developing.

C.Understanding.

D.Encouraging

（3）According to the passage, the new study _____.

A.mainly referred to exercise in nature

B.has enriched the previous research to some degree

C.was carried out by the University of Michigan

D.found exposure to greenery helped cure mental problems

（4）n which section of a newspaper may this passage appear?

A.Entertainment

B.Business World

C.Tech &Science

D.Environment

【答案】（1）D

（2）A

（3）B

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一项新的研究成果---多看绿色植物和吃垃圾食品这两者看似风马牛不相及，可研究结构却表明它们之间存在着一种奇妙的关系：多看绿色植物能帮助人们克制吃垃圾食品的欲望。

（1）考查段落大意。根据第二段中的“Researchers …surveyed 149 respondents aged 21 o 65 about the proportion of green space in their neighborhood…”研究人员调查了年龄在21~65岁之间的149名参与者小区内的绿植比例……；以及“The study also asked questions about experiences with depression and anxiety…”研究中还问了与抑郁及焦虑有关的问题……等可知，第二段主要介绍了新研究的调查内容，故选D。

（2）考查词义猜测。根据常识可知，在大自然中散步对人体有各种各样的好处，再结合句中出现的“relieving other mood disorders(缓解其他情绪紊乱)”不难推断出，combatting depression应表示“减轻抑郁”。故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“…adds a new dimension(方面) to the previous research”为以前的研究增加了新的方面，可知，新的研究在某种程度上丰富了之前的研究成果。故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。纵观全文可知，本文介绍了一项科学研究的研究成果，所以该文章最有可能出现在“技术与科学”版块。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和段落大意四个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

When Andrew Kaplan recalls, his stories leave the impression that he has managed to pack multiple lives into a single existence: A war reporter in his 20s. an army member, a successful businessman and- later. the author of numerous spy novels and Hollywood scripts.

Now the silver haired 78-year old has realized he would like his loved ones to have access to those stories, even when he is no longer alive to share them. Kaplan has agreed to become "AndyBot"--- a virtual person who will be: immortalized(T F5)in the cloud for hundreds, perhaps thousands of years

If all goes according to plan future generations will be able to interact with him using voice computing platforms of mobile devices, asking him questions, letting him tell stories and drawing upon a lifetime's worth of advice long after his physical body is gone.

Someday, Kaplan, who playfully refers to himself as a pig, may be remembered as one of the world's first digital humans.

For decades, Silicon Valley futurists have sought to free humanity from the life cycle. Today, a new generation of companies is selling some approximation(近似) of virtual immortality, which gives people the opportunity to preserve one's legacy(遗产) online forever.

Kaplan is eager to become one of the world's first virtual residents, partly because he considers

the effort a way to extend closed family bonds over multiple generations.

If technology succeeds in creating emotionally intelligent digital humans, experts say, it may forever change the way living people cooperate with computers and experience loss. "AndyBot" may become one of the world's first: meaningful examples, raising complex philosophical questions about the nature of immortality and the purpose of existence itself.

（1）What is the purpose of the first paragraph?

A.To highlight Kaplan's achievements.

B.To introduce the topic- -AndyBot.

C.To arouse readers interest in Kaplan.

D.To introduce Kaplan's life.

（2）Why did Andrew Kaplan agree to become AndyBot?

A.He wanted to share his life experience as long as possible.

B.He wanted to make his loved one remember him.

C.He believed this action will help with his novels.

D.He could live in the cloud to continue his life.

（3）What might the AndyBot do for future generations?

A.He may use voice computing platforms.

B.He may use a new body to go on living.

C.He may offer some guidance.

D.He may ask them questions.

（4）What can we infer from the last paragraph?

A.Philosophical problems can be worked out by modern science.

B.People can talk with their late family members freely.

C.Scientists have made great progress in computer science.

D.There is still a long way for digital humans to go.

【答案】（1）B

（2）A

（3）C

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了科技新动态----数字人。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段可知，当安德鲁·卡普兰回忆往昔的时候，他的故事让人感觉他活出了各种各样的人生：20多岁的时候是战地记者，还是一名军人，一位成功的商人，随后又是很多间谍小说和好莱坞剧本的作者。主要介绍安德鲁·卡普兰丰富多彩的人生；在根据第二段中的“Now the silver haired 78-year old has realized he would like his loved ones to have access to those stories, even when he is no longer alive to share them. Kaplan has agreed to become “AndyBot”--- a virtual person who will be”现在这位花白头发的78岁的老人想要他爱的人知道这些故事，甚至当他去世之后还可以分享这些故事。Kaplan同意变成数字人，可知，第一段的内容主要是引出下文中文章的话题数字人。故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Now the silver haired 78-year old has realized he would like his loved ones to have access to those stories, even when he is no longer alive to share them. Kaplan has agreed to become ‘AndyBot’...a virtual person who will be”现在这位花白头发

的78岁的老人想要他爱的人知道这些故事，甚至当他去世之后还可以分享这些故事。Kaplan同意变成数字人，可知，卡普兰同意变成数字人是为了能更长时间的分享自己的这些故事。故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“If all goes according to plan. future generations will be able to interact with him using voice computing platforms of mobile devices, asking him questions, letting him tell stories and drawing upon a lifetime's worth of advice long after his physical body is gone. ”如果一切按计划进行，后代可以通过移动端的语音平台和他交流，即使他的肉体不存在后，还可以问他问题，让他讲故事以及咨询他一生经验的宝贵建议。可知卡普兰成为“数字人”后，他的后代仍能得到他一生经验的宝贵建议。故选C。

（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“If technology succeeds in creating emotionally intelligent digital humans, experts say, it may forever change the way living people cooperate with computers and experience loss.”可知，专家们说，如果科技成功地创造出高情商的数字人类，它可能会永远改变人类与电脑交互的方式，以及处理失去亲人创伤的方式，即目前的数字人类还无法拥有高情商，还是不够完美的，因此数字人技术还有很长的路要走。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解

In 2015, a man named Nigel Richards memorized 386, 000 words in the entire French Scrabble Dictionary in just nine weeks. However, he does not speak French. Richards' impressive feat is a useful example to show how artificial intelligence works—real AI. Both of Richard and AI take in massive amounts of data to achieve goals with unlimited memory and superman accuracy in a certain field.

The potential applications for AI are extremely exciting. Because AI can outperform humans at routine tasks—provided the task is in one field with a lot of data—it is technically capable of replacing hundreds of millions of white and blue collar jobs in the next 15 years or so.

But not every job will be replaced by AI. In fact four types of jobs are not at risk at all. First, there are creative jobs. AI needs to be given a goal to optimize. It cannot invent, like scientists, novelists and artists can. Second, the complex, strategic jobs—executives, diplomats, economists —go well beyond the AI limitation of single-field and Big Data. Then there are the as-yet-unknown jobs that will be created by AI.

Are you worried that these three types of jobs won't employ as many people as AI will replace? Not to worry, as the fourth type is much larger: jobs where emotions are needed, such as teachers, nannies and doctors. These jobs require compassion, trust and sympathy—which AI does not have. And even if AI tried to fake it, nobody would want a robot telling them they have cancer, or a robot to babysit their children.

So there will still be jobs in the age of AI. The key then must be retraining the workforce so people can do them. This must be the responsibility not just of the government, which can provide funds, but also of corporations and those who benefit most.

（1）What is the main purpose of paragraph 1?

A. To introduce the topic.

B. To mention Nigel's feat.

C. To stress the importance of good memory.

D. To suggest humans go beyond AI in memory.

（2）Which of the following best explains "outperform" underlined in paragraph 2?

A. Be superior to

B. Be inferior to

C. Be similar to

D. Be related to （3）Which of the following jobs is the most likely to be replaced?

A. The writer.

B. The shop assistant.

C. The babysitter.

D. The psychologist.（4）Which of the following suggestions can the author give about job replacement of AI?

A. Limit the application of AI to a certain degree.

B. Get more support from the government.

C. Apply for the donation from companies.

D. Upgrade people's professional skills all the time.

【答案】（1）A

（2）A

（3）B

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，人工智能有取代人类工作的潜力,但是,并非所有工作都会被人工智能取代,有四种类型的工作完全没有风险。因此,在人工智能时代人类仍然会有工作,关键必须是对劳动力进行再培训,这样人们才能从事这些工作。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段可知一个名叫奈杰尔·理查兹（Nigel Richards）的人在短短九周内记住了《法国拼字游戏词典》中的386,000个单词。但是,他不会说法语。其展示了人工智能是如何工作的。而后文主要与人工智能有关,由此推断作者写第一段的目的是引出人工智能这个话题。故选A。

（2）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“Because AI can outperform humans at routine tasks—provided the task is in one field with a lot of data”可知AI可以在日常任务中outperform人类（前提是该任务在一个涉及到大量数据的领域中；以及“it is technically capable of replacing hundreds of millions of white and blue collar jobs in the next 15 years or so.”可知从技术上讲,人工智能具有在未来大约15年里取代成千上万的白领和蓝领工作的能力。结合下文推断人工智能能够具有取代人类的工作是因为AI在日常任务中表现超过了人类,划线词的意思是"胜过,超过",故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“First, there are creative jobs. AI needs to be given a goal to optimize. It cannot invent, like scientists, novelists and artists can.”可知四种类型的工作完全没有风险。首先,有创造性的工作。人工智能不可能像科学家,小说家和艺术家那样进行发明创造。也就是作家和科学家不会被取代。排除A；再根据第四段中的“as the fourth type is much larger: jobs where emotions are needed, such as teachers, nannies and doctors.”可知需要情感的工作,例如老师,保姆和医生也不大可能被取代,因此排除C和D。故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“So there will still be jobs in the age of AI. The key then must be retraining the workforce so people can do them.” 可知作者认为在AI时代仍然会有工作,关键必须是对劳动力进行再培训,这样人们才能从事这些工作。进行培训是为了得到

专业技能,由此推断作者会给出一直提升人们的专业技能的建议,故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

5．阅读理解

A study showed that the experiences children have in their first few years are important. These experiences affect the development of the brain. When children receive more attention, they often have higher IQs. Babies receive information when they see, hear and feel things, which makes connections between different parts of the brain. There are a hundred trillion(万亿)connections in the brain of a three-year-old child.

Researcher Judit Gervain tested how good newborns are at distinguishing different sound patterns. Her researchers produced images of the brains of babies as they heard different sound patterns. For example, one order was mu-ba-ba. This is the pattern"A-B-B". Another order was mu-ba-ge. This is the pattern “A-B-C”. The images sh owed that the part of the brain responsible for speech was more active during the" A-B-B" pattern. This shows that babies can tell the difference between different patterns. They also were sensitive to where it occurred in the order. Gervain is excited by these findings because the order of sounds is the building block of words and grammar." Position is key to language," she says. "If something is at the beginning or at the end, it makes a big difference: John caught the bear.' is very different from 'The bear caught John.'”

Researchers led by scientist Patricia Kuhl have found that language delivered by televisions, audio books, the Internet, or smartphones－no matter how educational－doesn't appear to be enough for children's brain development. They carried out a study of nine-month-old American babies. They expected the first group who'd watched videos in Chinese to show the same kind of learning as the second group who were brought face-to-face with the same sounds. Instead they found a huge difference. The babies in the second group were able to distinguish between similar Chinese sounds as well as native listeners. But the other babies－regardless of whether they had watched the video or listened to the audio－learned nothing.

（1）What makes connections in a baby's brain?

A. Having a higher IQ.

B. Experiencing new information.

C. The baby' early age.

D. The connection with other babies.

（2）What did Judit Gervain and her team find in the experiment?

A. Babies identify different sound patterns.

B. Word order is relevant to meaning.

C. Babies can well understand different words.

D. A certain brain region processes language.

（3）What does the underlined sentence mean in Paragraph 3?

A. Grammar is important in learning languages.

B. Different orders have different meanings.

C. Different languages have different grammar.

D. Words have different sounds.

（4）What is the main conclusion from the study led by Patricia Kuhl?

A. Babies shouldn't watch a lot of television.

B. Listening to different languages develops babies' brain.

C. Foreign languages help babies' brain develop.

D. Social communication improves babies' brain development.

【答案】（1）B

（2）A

（3）B

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文属于科普文章，介绍小孩最初几年的经历对大脑发育很重要，而媒介输入对孩子大脑发育效果不明显，最有效的是面对面语言输入。

（1）细节理解题。根据第一段Babies receive information when they see, hear and feel things, which makes connections between different parts of the brain.可知，婴儿接收到不同信息，可以让大脑不同部分形成连接，故选B。

（2）推理判断题。根据第二段The images showed that the part of the brain responsible for speech was more active during the" A-B-B" pattern. This shows that babies can tell the difference between different patterns.可知，实验表明婴儿可以区别不同的声音模式，故选A。

（3）句意猜测题。根据第三段"If something is at the beginning or at the end, it makes a big difference: 'John caught the bea r.' is very different from 'The bear caught John.'”可知，有些东西放在句首和句尾，会有很大的不同，比如John抓住了熊，和熊抓住了John，意思是不一样的，可知本句意思为位置对于语言来说很重要的，顺序不同，意思不同，故选B。

（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段Researchers led by scientist Patricia Kuhl have found that language delivered by televisions, audio books, the Internet, or smartphones－no matter how educational－doesn't appear to be enough for children's brain development.可知，通过电视、网络等媒介的语言教学，对于婴儿大脑发展是不够的，并且后面的实验表明，面对面的语言输入才有效，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和句意猜测三个题型的考查，是一篇说明类阅读，要求考生先从问题中抓住关键性词语（题眼），然后以此为线索，运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的：段落、语句，仔细品味，同时根据上下文进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解

When he was young, Louis Armstrong was taking what was called “Creole jazz”, which was also called dance music, and combining it with trumpeter (小号手) Buddy Bolden, to create what would eventually become today's jazz.

Armstrong accomplished that with almost no formal training. He received little training before he was placed in the New Orleans Colored Waif's Home at the age of 12, after a run-in (小争执) with the police. The punishment turned out to be a mixed blessing, for he also had the opportunity to play in a real band.

While at the Waif's, Armstrong also got the chance to hear some of the city's finest musicians.

Cornetist Freddie Keppard performed in a nearby club. So did trumpeter and bandleader, King Joe Oliver, who took the boy under his wing and taught him how to read music and work on his playing technique.

When Oliver left for Chicago, Armstrong chose to stay in New Orleans and work with some of the other top musicians of the day. In Chicago, King Oliver offered him a place in his band in 1922. It became Armstrong's biggest challenge yet — the band had no parts written for trumpet, so he was forced to listen to King Oliver and improvise (即兴创作).

Soon, Armstrong's undeniable talent was getting notice. Even classically trained musicians would come to hear the incredible sounds this young man created.

Lil Hardin, the bands piano player and the future Mrs. Armstrong, explains that Oliver kept Armstrong in the second trumpet-chair so that Oliver would still be “King”. Hardin convinced him to leave the band.

Armstrong moved to New York City in 1924 to join Fletcher Henderson's band and then flew solo. In 1925, Armstrong put together the Hot Five, expanding his popularity even more. Armstrong recorded his first composition, Cornet Chop Suey, one of the most copied jazz solos of all time. This monumental 1928 recording blends (混合) artistry, endurance and showmanship that has rarely, if ever, been matched in Jazz.

（1）What does the underlined word “that” refer to in the second paragraph?

A. To play dance music.

B. To work with Buddy Bolden.

C. To create modem jazz music.

D. To play a jazz instrument well.

（2）Who taught Louis Armstrong how to play music in the early time?

A. Buddy Bolden.

B. Lil Hardin.

C. Cornetist Freddie Keppard.

D. King Joe Oliver.（3）Why did Louis Armstrong Leave King Oliver's band?

A. Because he wanted to get married in New York.

B. Because the man forced him to leave the band.

C. Because he got a better opportunity in New York.

D. Because his talent could not develop completely.

（4）What's the main idea of the passage?

A. It asks readers to know more about modern jazz.

B. It introduces one of the greatest jazz musicians.

C. It introduces the development of jazz.

D. It describes the importance of talent in playing jazz.

【答案】（1）C

（2）D

（3）D

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了音乐人Louis Armstrong学习音乐的过程。（1）考查代词指代。根据第一段中的to create what would eventually become today's jazz.由此可知that指上段“...to create what would eventually become today's jazz.”，故选C。（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“So did trumpeter and bandleader, King Joe Oliver, who took the boy under his wing and taught him how to read music and work on his playing

technique.”小号手兼乐队指挥King Joe Oliver也这么做了，他把小男孩放在自己的侧厅，教他如何阅读音乐，学习演奏技巧。故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“ Lil Hardin, the bands piano player and the future Mrs. Armstrong, explains that Oliver kept Armstrong in the second trumpet-chair so that Oliver would still be “King”. Hardin convinced him to leave the band.”可推断出Louis Armstrong离开King Oliver乐队的原因是因为他的才能不能得到完全发展，故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。全文介绍Armstrong如何成为伟大的爵士音乐家，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，代词指代，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇人物类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

7．阅读理解

Every year in America, high-school students who want to go to college take a national examination called the Scholastic Aptitude Test, or SAT in a shortened way. Their score is an important factor in determining which colleges will admit them or whether any will be admitted at all. The Scholastic Aptitude Test measures one's mathematical ability and use of the English language. Traditionally, the English part involved grammatical questions and paragraphs that test reading comprehension.

But the SAT folks have added a single question, to be answered in an essay, hand-written on the spot. That's an interesting way to test writing ability, but content aside, have you ever seen young people's handwriting lately? Or anyone's for that matter, in this age of computer keyboards? Students write numbers and sign their names on bank checks. They scribble class notes in what can generously be described as the written word.

Yet today's kids are asked to write, thoughtfully and clearly, for several minutes on this SAT Test. Good luck to the text scorers who must work out difficultly the scrawl (潦草的字迹) of young people who've been typing on computers since the age of three! Teachers insist that good handwriting can not only help one's score on the SAT, but also, later on in life, impress potential employers. And don't forget, we all have to turn to handwriting from time to time, as computers go down when power goes out.

Then how to improve the handwriting? Well, with a few simple steps you can improve your hand writing.

Position the pen. You should hold the pen between the forefinger and the thumb, then rest it near the first knuckle (指节) of the middle finger. The rest of your fingers should be curled (卷曲) under your hand and your hand should remain relaxed.

Evaluate your writing. Make changes to your letters till you like how they look.

Take your time. Speed is bound to make your writing messy-looking.

Practice. Practice it a lot; it's not enough to do it once and hope for the best. It has to be something you work at to make great improvements.

（1）The underlined word “scribble” in Paragraph 2 probably means ________.

A. write quickly and roughly

B. type simply and correctly

C. paint clearly and neatly

D. describe properly and well

（2）According to Paragraph 3, students with good handwriting skill ________.

A. can pass the SAT

B. can develop good characters

C. can impress their classmates

D. can get more job opportunities

（3）Which of the following should you avoid when improving your handwriting?

A. Practicing writing a lot.

B. Writing as fast as you can.

C. Relaxing your hand when holding the pen.

D. Changing your letters till you like how they look.

（4）The text is to present the fact that ________.

A. writing seems to be very important in the SAT

B. those who will go to college have to take the SAT

C. students should practice handwriting more often

D. kids don't know how to write in the computer age

【答案】（1）A

（2）D

（3）B

（4）C

【解析】【分析】SAT考试增加了书面表达，但当前学生不注重书写，所以此项改革会督促学生更多的练字。

( 1 )词义猜测题。结合划线部分的上下文，在计算机时代，学生手写的内容已经很罕见，只有一两个单词在行李箱或午餐包上，用来辨认物主，书法在其他场合就像嘟嘟鸟一样灭绝了，故推断学生在课堂上记笔记非常潦草，故选A。

( 2 )细节理解题。根据第三段提到Teachers insist that good handwriting can not only help one's score on the SAT, but also, later on in life, impress potential employers.可知，漂亮的书法不仅仅能在考试中帮助得分，还可以在今后找工作中给雇主留下美好的印象，故选D。( 3 )细节理解题。根据最后三段的标题Evaluate your writing；Take your time；Practice. Practice it a lot可知，没有提到B项，这是写作中应该避免的。故选B。

( 4 )推理判断题。由于SAT考试增加书面表达，但当前学生不重视书写，所以此项改革会督促学生更多的练字，故选C。

8．阅读理解

The Women's Institute is urging supermarkets to do more to help consumers reduce their home food waste, after a survey of its own membership showed widespread confusion about “best before” and “use by” labeling(标签) on packaging.

Its new analysis of products on supermarket shelves found that “once-opened” instructions were often contradictory and often failed to make clear whether they were a guide to food safety or quality. Only 45% of 5,000 WI members surveyed understood that best-before dates were a sign of food quality, while 26% did not understand that the more important use-by dates were a decisive guide to food safety.

In its report on food waste, the WI said supermarkets were “potentially contribut ing to home food waste by leading customers to buy more food than they need, and giving conflicting and confusing on-pack information that leaves customers unsure about how long a product remains safe to eat in the home setting”. The 42-page report is part of the WI's ongoing campaign to reduce food waste. To underline the point about conflicting information, it cites(引用) a can of Sainsbury's own-brand sweetcorn advising consumers to eat it within one day of opening, while a similar tin from Waitrose gave consumers two days to finish it. Green Giant sweetcorn, however, has no specified date for eating once opened.

Marylyn Haines Evans, chair of the Women's Institute's public affairs said: “WI members are some of the more informed members of society about food and cookery, but they are still confused about food labelling and 'once-opened' information. So we would like supermarkets to extend the amount of time that consumers have to use a product in their homes by making all of their once-opened instructions on product packaging consistent, and completely remove once-opened instructions on products where food safety is not an issue.”

（1）What mainly leads to food waste according to WI?

A. Poor quality of food.

B. Attractive packaging of products.

C. Competition among supermarkets.

D. Consumers' confusion about on-pack information.（2）Which of the following can inform you of food safety?

A. B.

C. D.

（3）Why are the three supermarkets mentioned in Paragraph 3?

A. To attract more consumers.

B. To compare their products.

C. To comment on their service.

D. To make WI's report convincing.

（4）What does Evans suggest supermarkets do about reducing food waste?

A. Extend life of a product.

B. Turn to well-informed WI members.

C. Give consistent once-opened instructions.

D. Remove instructions on product packaging.

【答案】（1）D

（2）C

（3）D

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文主要讲述了妇女机构强烈建议超市采取帮助消费者减少食物浪费的措施，比如延长消费者在家中使用产品的时间，使他们所有曾经打开的关于产品包装的说明一致。

（1）细节理解题。根据第二段"Only 45% of 5,000 WI members surveyed understood that best-before dates were a sign of food quality, while 26% did not understand that the more important use-by dates were a decisive guide to food safety."可知，消费者对于食品包装上信息的混淆是导致食物浪费的原因。故选D。

（2）细节理解题。根据第二段"while 26% did not understand that the more important use-by dates were a decisive guide to food safety."可知，use by信息才是食品安全的决定性指导因素。故选C。

（3）细节理解题。根据第三段"To underline the point about conflicting information, it cites(引用) a can of Sainsbury's own-brand sweetcorn"可知，引用超市的例子是为了更好的说明这一问题，即使文章更具说服力。故选D。

（4）细节理解题。根据最后一段"we would like supermarkets to extend the amount of time that consumers have to use a product in their homes by making all of their once-opened instructions on product packaging consistent,"可知，为了减少食物浪费，超市可通过使包装带上的信息一致来达到这一目的。故选C。

9．阅读理解

Our Museums, Galleries, and Zoo

19 world-class museums, galleries, and a zoo

The Smithsonian offers eleven museums and galleries on the National Mall and six other museums and the National Zoo in the greater National Capital Area. In New York City, we invite you to tour two museums in historic settings.

Not near a Smithsonian museum? Look for exhibitions and museums in your community. Here we have listed some places to visit:

Tips & Guidelines:

Stop at any Smithsonian museum information desk where friendly and knowledgeable staff and volunteers can assist you in planning your visit.

Service animals are welcome at the museums and the National Zoo. Pets are not permitted.

Lunches should be properly closed or stored in lockers during your visit.

（1）he Smithsonian offers all these EXCEPT .

A. galleries

B. concerts

C. museums

D. zoos

（2）If you are interested in animals, you can .

A. go to 1661 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW Washington, DC

B. go to 8th and F Streets, NW Washington, DC

C. visit the museum 11 a.m. on Christmas

D. visit the zoo at weekends on June 25

（3）To arrange your visit better, you can .

A. have lunch during your visit

B. take your pets along with you

C. ask the staff and volunteers for help

D. fill in an application form before your visit

【答案】（1）B

（2）D

（3）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了史密森尼博物馆相关的信息以及游玩建议。（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“The Smithsonian offers eleven museums and galleries on the National Mall and six other museums and the National Zoo in the greater National Capital Area”可知史密森尼博物馆（Smithsonian）在国家广场（National Mall）上设有11个博物馆和美术馆，在较大的国家首都辖区有6个博物馆和国家动物园（National Zoo）。没有提供音乐会。故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据National Zoo所在的表格可知国家动物园的开放时间为三月15号到九月，每天的上午九点到下午六点；十月到来年的三月14号是每天上午九点到下午四点，12月25号不开。所以如果对动物感兴趣，游客可以在六月25号去游玩。故选D。（3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第三段中的“Stop at any Smithsonian museum information

desk where friendly and knowledgeable staff and volunteers can assist you in planning your visit.”可知史密森尼博物馆的信息问讯处有友好的并且知识渊博的员工及志愿者，他们可以帮助你为参观做计划。所以如果你想更好的参观这里，可以寻求职工和志愿者的帮助，故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，要求考生准确捕捉细节信息，结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。

10．阅读理解

Our mother earth is going through a very tough situation and we, the entire human race, are destroying our environment or unconsciously without even realizing its consequences. Now we have to act very smartly and plan something to sustain what we still have, getting all necessary support from nature to lead healthy lives.

Gardening is always an excellent and environmentally friendly idea. If you can go for sustainable gardening, then it will be even more useful for all. Gardening is a favorite hobby for many. It is time to channelize your hobby towards a more meaningful motivation.

When we do gardening we need to use different ingredients to grow plants. Some of them are natural resources like water, soil, sunshine, and many things like this. Using these resources smartly is a part of sustainable gardening. Some simple techniques include: use less water and organic things to grow plants; try to store rainwater so that you can use them for gardening; try using less energy to drive devices; avoid using plastics in any form while gardening; reuse the leaves from your garden to fertilize them. These are the basic sustainable measures. To do so we need to have proper knowledge about gardening and its requirements so that we can use proper resources without wasting any of them.

In today's busy life we don't get much time to spend on our environment. Gardening gives us a chance to do so. We can also have some pesticide-free and fresh food if we grow them in our garden. This is the right time to do some good to protect our own environment and gardening is one of the easiest ways. Do you want to start gardening, but you're not sure how? Click here: http://www. Garden how https://www.wendangku.net/doc/6015639135.html,e.

（1）What does the underlined word “channelize" in Paragraph 2 refer to?

A. Cause.

B. Transform.

C. Direct.

D. Associate.

（2）Which of the following belongs to a sustainable measure?

A. Using advanced electrical machines.

B. Avoiding fertilizers.

C. Watering plants with collected rainwater.

D. Clearing away the leaves.

（3）What is the benefit of sustainable gardening?

A. It requires little water.

B. It needs no fertilizer.

C. It breaks up plastics.

D. It doesn't waste any resource.

（4）Where is the passage probably taken from?

A. A newspaper.

B. The Internet.

C. A guidebook.

D. A science report.

【答案】（1）C

（2）C

（3）D

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍怎样合理利用资源发展园艺，不浪费资源，不产生对环境有害的物质以保护地球。

（1）考查词义猜测。本句中channelize来源于channel“渠道，频道”，根据已有的意思于选项相结合可知，channelize为指导，导向的意思，故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“try to store rainwater so that you can use them for gardening”可知，使用存储的雨水来浇灌植物，是属于可持续发展的措施，故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第三段中的“To do so we need to have proper knowledge about gardening and its requirements so that we can use proper resources without wasting any of them.”可知，用这样的方法，可以合理利用资源，不浪费资源，故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Click here: http://www. garden how https://www.wendangku.net/doc/6015639135.html,.”可知，本文来源于网站，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

11．阅读理解

If conditions get bad enough, almost any kind of weather can become a storm.

Stormy weather can cause people to cancel their plans. It can cause major events to be postponed. And severe stormy weather can be dangerous to people, fortune and anima1.

If you weather the storm, or ride out the storm, you survive and move on without harm or injury. For example, 1et's talk about Tornado Alley, the name for part of the central United States. During springtime, this area often has a large number of powerful tornadoes. People who live there are taught to shelter in the safest place they can find and wait for the storm to pass. People who live in Tornado Alley are used to weathering many storms!

You can also weather a storm, but it doesn't involve actual weather. “To weather the storm” can also mean to make it through a difficult experience or trying times. So, if the stock market(股市)crashes, you might have to weather a financial storm.

Often before a big storm, conditions are calm. The calm before the storm can happen anytime. It is the time before something bad happens. For example, at the beginning of a family reunion, the adults were all talking happily. But the older children knew it was just the calm before the storm. They've seen it happen before. The adults talk happily for about an hour. Then they start arguing about events from the past—things that should really stay buried!

But after the storm begins and you find yourself in the middle of it, you are in the eye of the storm. In the world of weather, the eye of the storm is the calmest part, in the center of a hurricane, for example. However, in the English language, if you are in the eye of the storm, you are in the most intense part of a conflict. For example, she had no idea that walking into the meeting would put her in the eye of the storm.

However, a brainstorm does not exist in the world of weather. To brainstorm means to try to solve a problem by talking with other people. And don't worry. If we have trouble thinking of an idea for the next program, we can always brainstorm with you!

（1）What's mainly discussed in the 3rd and 4th paragraphs?

A. What the meanings of weathering the storm are.

B. How we can weather the storm.

C. Weathering a storm doesn't involve actual weather.

D. People in Tornado Alley can survive the storm.

（2）Why does the author mention a family reunion in the fifth paragraph?

A. To stress the importance of weather forecast.

B. To develop the awareness of family.

C. To explain the meaning of an expression.

D. To praise the older children for being clever.

（3）What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

A. A problem can't be solved if you worry too much.

B. A brainstorm often appears in the world of weather.

C. Difficulties can be dealt with by teamwork.

D. To brainstorm can cause troubles in the program.

（4）What's the author's purpose in writing the text?

A. To tell us stormy weather can cause destruction.

B. To tell us some expressions about storm.

C. To tell us a storm can cause conflicts.

D. To tell us we should be ready for a storm.

【答案】（1）A

（2）C

（3）C

（4）B

【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了几个英语中与“风暴”有关的表达。（1）段落大意题。第三段第一句“If you weather the storm，or ride out the storm，you survive and move on without harm or injury. ”可知本段讲述weather the storm或者ride out the storm指安全度过；和第四段最后一句“To weather the storm can also mean to make it through a difficult experience or trying times. 可知第四段讲述To weather the storm指度过难关。故可知第三四段主要讲述weather the storm的意义是什么。故选A。

（2）推理判断题。根据第五段第二句“The calm before the storm can hap pen anytime. It is the time before something bad happens. ”可知暴风雨前的宁静任何事都可能发生，这是一段某些不好的事情将要发生的时间。接着作者用家庭聚会作为例子来解释这一种说法的含义，故选C。

（3）推理判断题。最后一段第二句“To brainstorm means to try to solve a problem by talking with other people. ”可知头脑风暴的意思是尝试通过与他人交流来解决一个问题，即困难可以通过团队合作来解决，故选C。

（4）主旨大意题。根据文章内容，如第五段提到暴风雨前的宁静，第六段讲“in the eye of the storm”处于风口浪尖上，最后一段说明“brainstorm”头脑风暴，可知文章主要介绍与“风暴”有关的表达，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及段落大意，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇说明类阅读，要求考生准确捕捉细节信息，通过题干中的关键词在文章中定位，同时根据上下文进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

12．阅读理解

Here is a record of the discussion about AI (artificial intelligence) conducted by several scientists:

Scientist A: I would say that we are quite a long way off developing the AI, though I do think it will happen within the next thirty or forty years. We will probably remain in control of technology and it will help us solve many of the world's problems. However, no one really knows what will happen if machines become more intelligent than humans. They may help us, ignore us or destroy us. I tend to believe AI will have a positive influence on our future lives, but whether that is true will be partly up to us.

Scientist B: I have to admit that the potential consequences of creating something that can match or go beyond human intelligence frighten me. Even now, scientists are teaching computers how to learn on their own. At some point in the near future, their intelligence may well take off and develop at an ever-increasing speed. Human beings evolve biologically very slowly and we would be quickly substituted. In the short term, there is the danger that robots will take over millions of human jobs, creating a large underclass of unemployed people. This could mean large-scale poverty and social unrest. In the long term machines might decide the world would be better without humans.

Scientist C: I'm a member of the Campaign to Stop Killer Robots. Forget the movie image of a terrifying Terminator stamping on human skulls and think of what's happening right now: military machines like drones, gun turrets and sentry robots are already being used to kill with very little human input. The next step will be autonomous “murderbots” following orders but finally deciding who to kill on their own. It seems clear to me that this would be extremely dangerous for humans. We need to be very cautious indeed about what we ask machines to do.

（1）What is Scientist B worried about?

A. AI technology will destroy the earth.

B. Computers can't think by themselves.

C. Robots will take the place of humans.

D. Humans will be unhappy without machines.（2）What does the underlined word “this” in the last paragraph refer to?

A. I launched the campaign to Stop Killer Robots.

B. We forget the movie image of a terrifying Terminator.

C. “Murderbots” can't decide by themselves.

D. “Murderbots” wil l be against humans' orders.

（3）Which statement is CORRECT according to the record?

A. Scientist A thinks AI technology will never develop.

B. The employment will be affected by AI technology in the future.

C. “Murderbots” will follow the orders of their manufacturers in the wars.

D. All the three scientists agree that AI technology will benefit human beings.

（4）Who agree(s) AI has more negative aspects than positive aspects?

A. Scientist A

B. Scientist B

C. Scientists B & C

D. Scientists B & A

【答案】（1）C

（2）D

（3）B

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，列出了三位科学家对于人工智能的评价。

(1)考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“In the short term, there is the danger that robots will take over millions of human jobs, creating a large underclass of unemployed people. This could mean large-scale poverty and social unrest.”可知，科学家B担心机器人会代替人类，造成人类失业、贫穷和社会动荡。故选C。

(2)考查代词指代。由画线句上文内容可知，自主的“杀人机器人”是否服从人类的命令，这将决定谁杀死谁，因此推断此处的this指杀人机器人不服从人类命令，这将是非常不道德的，非常危险的。故选D。

(3)考查细节理解。根据第三段中的的“In the short term, there is the danger that robots will take over millions of human jobs, creating a large underclass of unemployed people.”可知，机器人的发展会代替人类工作，造成人类失业。故选B。

(4)考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“I tend to believe AI will have a positive influence on our future lives”可知，科学家A认为人工智能积极因素比消极因素多；根据第三段中的“there is the danger that robots will take over millions of human jobs, creating a large underclass of unemployed people. This could mean large-scale poverty and social unrest.”和第四段中的“It seems clear to me that this would be extremely dangerous for humans. We need to be very cautious indeed about what we ask machines to do.”可知，科学家B和科学家C认为人工智能消极因素比积极因素多。故选C。

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I liked painting. Losing myself in painting filled me with peace. Painting provided me with the only place where I could escape from those threatening words.

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