英语阅读理解专题练习(及答案)及解析

英语阅读理解专题练习(及答案)及解析

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

The number of giraffes is becoming smaller across Africa, according to the Giraffe Conservation Foundation. The total population has dropped by 40 percent in the last 15 years. Surprisingly, even scientists haven't given much attention to giraffes. We are learning more about their ecology, but what we know is still way behind what we know about other species. "It's a silent extinction," said Dr. Julian Hennessy, a wildlife scientist.

"The main reason for the smaller number of giraffes is their loss of living places," said Hennessy, "as an increasing part of land is used for farming. But hunting also has a big influence." You might wonder why hunters would focus on giraffes. First of all, once a giraffe is brought down, there is lots of meat with a small amount of effort. Besides, there is another thing encouraging the hunting. In Tanzania, Hennessy says, the latest word on the street is that eating giraffe meat could cure AIDS. Fresh giraffe heads and bones can be sold at prices of up to $140 per piece.

Another widespread misconception about giraffes is that they are everywhere. Look at kids' books which are full of giraffes. They are always in zoo collections. They can be seen easily, so you don't think we have to worry about them. But the truth is that they are in danger of extinction. There is a lack of right and true data.

Hennessy and other researchers are now pulling together the data needed to improve the situation of the entire giraffe species and all nine subspecies (亚种). The information will be used to change the giraffe's listing on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List, which now lists the species as of "least concern" but two subspecies as "endangered". "It's a lot of work to gather the necessary information," Hennessy says. "And several other giraffe subspecies will be recommended for endangered listings next year or the year after." He hopes that the world will finally start to take notice of how endangered these beloved animals have become.

（1）By saying "It's a silent extinction", Hennessy tells us that ______.

A. giraffes are unpopular in Africa

B. the giraffe is always silent in daily life

C. the ecology of Africa needs more attention

D. the extinction occurs without enough attention

（2）What has caused the high price of giraffe meat in Tanzania?

A. The country's custom.

B. The illegal international trade.

C. The cost of hunting a giraffe.

D. The idea that it's a cure for AIDS.

（3）The misconception in Para. 3 can be corrected by ______.

A. preventing illegal hunting in Africa

B. rewriting kids' books about giraffes

C. providing reliable data about giraffes

D. spreading scientific knowledge of AIDS

（4）The final purpose of Hennessy's great effort is to ______.

A. collect more information about giraffes

B. raise public awareness of protecting giraffes

C. prove giraffes will disappear in the next few years

D. work with the International Union for Conservation of Nature

【答案】（1）D

（2）D

（3）C

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了长颈鹿濒临灭绝的原因，并指出提供准确的数据，提高人们的保护意识至关重要。

（1）考查词义猜测。根据第一段中的“Surprisingly, even scientists haven't given muc h attention to giraffes. We are learning more about their ecology, but what we know is still way behind what we know about other species.”可知人们对其关注很少，了解很少，这时期灭绝的原因，所以silent extinction 意为在人们不知不觉中灭绝。故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“In Tanzania, Hennessy says, the lates t word on the street is that eating giraffe meat could cure AIDS. Fresh giraffe heads and bones can be sold at prices of up to $140 per piece.”可知人们认为长颈鹿肉能治愈艾滋病，因此其肉价很贵，故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“There is a lack of right and true data.”可知造成人们误解的原因是，缺乏正确真实的数据，再根据第四段中的“Hennessy and other researchers are now pulling together the data needed to improve the situation of the entire giraffe species and all nine subspecies (亚种).”可知要想根正人们的认知，需要提供准确可靠的数据，故选C。（4）考查写作意图。根据最后一段中的“He hopes that the world will finally start t o take notice of how endangered these beloved animals have become.”可知Hennessy的努力的目的是提高公众保护长颈鹿的意识。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和写作意图四个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

Forcing waiters and waitresses to survive on tips from customers rather than normal wages is a pointless, crude, and unique American custom that, in the past several years, a handful of progressive restaurant owners have attempted to do away with. Danny Meyer, CEO of Union Square Hospitality Group, is about to join their ranks and has announced that he plans to gradually stop tipping at the company's 13 restaurants.

What, exactly, is wrong with tipping? As Brian Palmer has explained, more or less it's everything. To start, leaving a waiter's pay in the hands of customers has a feeling of classism (阶级歧视). And in theory, handing restaurant customers the power to tip is at least supposed to motivate better service. This fails in practice because humans turn out to be pretty arbitrary (随意的) about their tipping behavior. Research has shown that the amount diners tip has very little to do with their level of satisfaction. All of this doesn't encourage waiters and waitresses to do anything but turn over as many tables as possible.

Tipping is also very unfair to kitchen staff. The law allows restaurants to divide tips between front-of-the-house workers like waiters, hosts, hostesses, and bartenders (调酒师), but not cooks.

This creates a system in which the people serving the food in a restaurant can earn more than the people preparing it.

One of the most fascinating parts of Meyer's move is that, unlike some restaurant owners who have taken an anti-tipping stand, he won't simply add a standard extra charge to diners' bills. Rather, Union Square Hospitality Group means to raise menu prices enough to fully cover the cost of a meal. If Meyer manages to move away from tipping at all without hurting his profits, it would almost certainly set the stage for others to follow suit.

（1）What's Danny Meyer's attitude towards stopping tipping?

A. Negative.

B. Supportive.

C. Objective.

D. Doubtful.

（2）What can be inferred from Paragraph 2?

A. Tipping may disturb the restaurants' management.

B. Tipping will guarantee diners high quality service.

C. Tipping can arouse the staff's enthusiasm for work.

D. Tipping will bring customers a sense of satisfaction.

（3）What can we know about Union Square Hospitality group?

A. Brian Palmer is in charge of it now.

B. Its cooks earn much more than its servers.

C. Restaurant tipping has been totally banned there.

D. Diners will be charged more for the dishes there.

（4）What is the topic of the passage?

A. Restaurants' getting rid of tipping.

B. Difficulties that restaurants are faced with.

C. The popularity of no-tipping restaurants.

D. Tips on running restaurants successfully.

【答案】（1）B

（2）A

（3）D

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，介绍了强迫服务员和侍者靠顾客的小费，而不是正常的工资维持生计是一种毫无意义、粗鲁、独特的美国风俗，过去几年，一些进步的餐馆老板试图消除这种风俗。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Danny Meyer, CEO of Union Square Hospitality Group, is about to join their ranks and has announced that he plans to gradually stop tipping at the company's 13 restaurants.”可知Danny Meyer宣布他计划逐步停止在该公司13家餐厅给小费，这表明他对停止给小费是支持的，故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“leaving a waiter's pay in the hands of customers has a feeling of classism (阶级歧视)．This fails in practice because humans turn out to be pretty arbitrary (随意的) about their tipping behavior.”和“All of this doesn't encourage waiters and waitresses to do anything but turn over as many tables as possible.”可知给服务员小费有一个阶级歧视的感觉，由于人类的随意性并不能达到预期效果，起不到鼓励服务员的作用。这些都会扰乱饭店的管理，故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Ra ther, Union Square Hospitality Group means to raise menu prices enough to fully cover the cost of a meal.”可知Union Square Hospitality Group

打算提高菜单价格，这样顾客就会为饭菜多支付钱，故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“Danny Meyer, …… has announced that he plans to gradually stop tipping at the company's 13 restaurants.”点明了本文主要内容，下文介绍了给小费的不良影响及Danny Meyer这一举动的意义。本文是围绕禁止给小费这一事件写的，Restaurants' getting rid of tipping适合作为标题，故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

Someone sent me an email urging me to acquire a lot more resources, suggesting could do so much more good if I had an 8 or 9 figure net income of 6 like I've been doing for years. He claimed to have acquired a great deal of wealth himself and found it highly beneficial to fueling his path with a heart.

As I consider his suggestion, I find myself not having much clarity(清晰的思维)as to what I'd do with I million or 10 million more money flowing through my life. I put so much attention on creativity, fulfillment, exploration, relationships, etc. that I find it difficult to intelligently imagine how more financial resources could provide extra fuel for that, except in small ways or in ways that aren't particularly meaningful to me.

Lately I've been considering what it would be like to deliberately reduce my income for a while and see if I could live on much less，just for the experience. What if I capped my net personal income at $10,000 per year, for instance? That isn't such a big deal to me, though, since I already went through a period of low income like that during the 1990s, and I learned that I could still do what I love regardless of income.

I've never worked in a business environment-the only job I've ever had was working for $6/hour in a video game store while I was in college. So I've never seen how larger operations allocate resources. That's probably why I haven't pushed myself to acquire more. As I mentioned in my book. Money and Your Path With a Heart，my main financial goal in life was to make money irrelevant in my life.

I'm not interested in building an empire. What interests me is exploring personal growth and sharing what I learn along the way. In some ways I feel that acquiring and acquiring and allocating more resources could become a big distraction. I'm already doing what I want to be doing, so why rick distracting myself to acquire more resources, especially when I lack the idea about how I should treat such resources? I like having freedom and flexibility，and I don't really see how more resources would meaningfully improve that.

（1）Why did the man email the author?

A. To ask the author to fuel his path.

B. To lend some money to the author.

C. To share his opinion about wealth.

D. To urge the author to earn more money.

（2）Which of the following can describe the author's personality?

A. Optimistic and devoted.

B. Independent and cooperative.

C. Unfortunate but positive.

D. Wealthy but hardhearted.

（3）What does the underlined word "capped" in Paragraph 3 probably mean?

A. Limited

B. Spent

C. Increased

D. Distributed

（4）The following are true EXCEPTA________.

A. the author might be a professional writer

B. the author is good at designing video games

C. the author is interested in exploring his personal growth

D. the author might be a person who likes sharing his knowledge

【答案】（1）D

（2）A

（3）A

（4）B

【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文，论述了若拥有百倍于现在的资源，你会如何提升个人生活？

（1）考查细节理解。答根据第一段中的“Someone sent me an email urging me to acquire a lot more resources, suggesting could do so much more good if I had an 8 or 9 figure net income of 6 like I've been doing for years.”可知有人给我发了封邮件，力劝我获得更多财富资源，故选D。

（2）考查推理判断。第三段谈到最近我一直在考虑，如果有意减少个人收入一段时间，会是什么样子。我只想经历这种体验。看自己能否在收入少的情况下好好生活。比如把个人年收入减少到1万美元，自己将如何生活。不过这对我来说也不算什么问题。因为在上世纪90年代，我有过一段这种低收入生活时期，而且我已经学到，不管收入如何，仍旧可以做自己喜爱的事情。由此可推断出作者是一位乐观且专注的人，故选A。

（3）考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“That isn't such a big deal to me, though, sin ce I already went through a period of low income like that during the 1990s”在上世纪90年代，我有过一段这种低收入生活时期，由此推断出What if I capped my net personal income at $10,000 per year, for instance?意思是把个人年收入减少到1万美元。“capped”意思是限定，故选A。（4）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“As I mentioned in my book.”可推知作者可能是一名作家，故A选项正确；根据最后一段中的“What interests me is exploring personal growth and sharing what I learn along the way.”可知真正令作者感兴趣的是探索个人成长，并与人一路分享自己所学，由此可知C和D正确，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，要求考生准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解

Oil is essential for modern life. About 64 percent of the world's oil is located in the Middle East, but the heaviest consumers of oil are Europe, America, and Japan. The problem lies in getting the oil from the countries that produce it to the countries that consume it. This is mainly done using oil tankers. Usually the oil is shipped safely and with no problems, but occasionally there is a disaster.

Every year millions of tons of oil are spilled into the ocean. Although this is only a small percentage of the total amount shipped around the world each year, this spilled oil can have

terrible effects on ocean life, including the coastlines where the oil washes up onto shore.

One of the worst oil spills in history occurred along the Alaskan coastline in 1989, when the Exxon Valdez tanker ran aground off the coast of Alaska, spilling 42 million liters of oil. Although it wasn't the largest oil spill, the disaster was terrible because it occurred in such a sensitive natural area. In this spill, the tanker's captain, who was tired from overwork and drinking alcohol, had gone to take a rest. He gave control of the ship to another sailor, who was unfamiliar with the route. The ship ran onto Bligh Reef. Damaged by the reef, the ship leaked oil out into the ocean. More than 1,600 kilometers of coastline were affected by the oil spill. Many birds and otters died as a result of the oil covering their skin, and many other sea creatures and the animals that fed on them were also severely affected.

（1）Which country is NOT among the largest consumers of oil?

A. Japan

B. Iraq

C. America

D. Germany

（2）What does the underlined “them” refer to?

A. The birds.

B. The otters.

C. The sea creatures.

D. The birds and the otters.（3）Which of the following statement is true?

A. The oil leak of Alaska is because the captain was unfamiliar with the route.

B. Many birds and otters died from eating the spilled oil.

C. Alaska spill was the most serious spill of all time.

D. Although some oil leak is not serious, it will affect ocean life.

【答案】（1）B

（2）C

（3）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一次严重的油船漏油事件。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段可知，最大的耗油国为欧洲的国家，美国和日本。Iraq“伊拉克”不属于其中之一，故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段可知，很多以海洋生物为食的动物也都因为油船漏油而受到了影响。故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第三段可知，A选项的漏油事件是由于船长劳累和喝酒去休息了，另一个水手不熟悉路线而造成的。B选项不是死于吃油，而是死于羽毛被油粘住了。C 选项Alaska漏油事件并非史上最严重的。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

5．阅读理解

There might be as many as 10 million species of complex life on this planet today —— a huge number. But add up all of the complex species that ever lived and some biologists think the grand total would be about five billion. The estimate leads to an astonishing conclusion: a staggering 99% of species are not around any more. They have been driven to extinction.

More species are joining the ranks of the extinct every year. Many scientists believe we are living through an episode of remarkably rapid extinction, on a scale that has been seen only five

times in the last half a billion years.

They call this current episode the sixth mass extinction —— a large, global decline in a wide variety of species over a relatively short period of time. And they tend to agree that humans are

the main cause.

Over-hunting, overfishing, and human-driven habitat loss are pushing many species to the brink. In fact, we have changed the planet so much that some geologists are now suggesting that

we have entered a new phase in Earth's history; an epoch they call the ＂Anthropocene＂. By 2100, it is expected that humans will have caused the extinction of up to half of the world's current species.

Because we are living through this extinction, it is relatively easy for us to study the driving forces behind it. But how do we determine what caused other mass die-offs that happened long ago? To do so we have to look at what archaeologists, palaeontologists, geologists and other scientists have concluded from the evidence they have gathered.

The trouble is, those scientists do not always agree with one another —— even about the most recent extinction event. As well as the five-or six- mass extinctions, there have also been many smaller extinctions.

One of these mini extinction events happened towards the end of the Pleistocene, a few tens

of thousands of years ago. It is sometimes called the ＂megafaunal＂ extinction because many of

the species it claimed were particularly large animals, weighing more than 97lb (44kg). However,

its cause remains a debate amongst scientists.

（1）What can we learn about the sixth mass extinction？

A. Humans are the main cause of it.

B. It means a global decline over a long time.

C. It occurred towards the end of the Pleistocene.

D. Scientists still disagree about the cause

of it.

（2）What can be inferred from the text about species？

A. 99% of species will not be around any more by 2100.

B. By the 22nd century, there will probably be about five million on this planet.

C. About eight years later we will enter what is called the ＂Anthropocene＂.

D. It is not easy for us to figure out causes behind the＂Anthropocene＂.

（3）Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the last paragraph ?

A. Land animals.

B. Marine life.

C. Huge animals.

D. Flesh-eating creatures.

【答案】（1）A

（2）B

（3）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，许多科学家认为，我们正经历着地球史上第六次大

规模物种灭绝，主要原因是人类的过度捕猎、过度捕捞和人类栖息地的丧失。但是，各个

科学家对过去物种灭绝原因有着不同的看法，即便是最近的一次小规模物种灭绝——大型

动物灭绝，有关的灭绝原因，科学家仍在争论。(1)考查细节理解。第三段提到大规模物种

灭绝是在a relatively short period of time，所以B错误；最后一段提到大型动物的灭绝发生

在the end of the Pleistocene，而第六次大规模物种灭绝是当下正在发生的，所以C错误；

根据第三段中的＂They call this current episode the sixth mass extinction ——a large, global

decline in a wide variety of species over a relatively short period of time. And they tend to agree that humans are the main cause.＂可知，科学家认为人类是第六次大规模物种灭绝的主要原因，没有不同意见，因此D错误，因此选A。

(2)考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“There might b e as many as 10 million species of complex life on this planet today ”，以及第四段中的＂By 2100, it is expected that humans will have caused the extinction of up to half of the world's current species.＂可知，到22世纪，地球还会有目前物种的1/2会灭绝，也就是10million的半，即five million，因此选B。

(3)考查词义猜测。根据最后一段中的＂because many of the species it claimed were particularly large animals, weighing more than 97lb (44kg).＂可推知＂megafaunal＂应为大型动物，因此选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解

Come to the AG Society's expedition (探险) program and you will surely get unique experiences!

DATES: 20-25 August 2018

COST: $ 2,200 per person, including all activities and lunches and dinners BOOKINGS: Call 0427904587, email dig @ https://www.wendangku.net/doc/873361370.html, or visit australian opalcentre. com

WHO: Devil Ark DATES: 24-26 November 2018

COST: $ 1,750 per person BOOKINGS: Call 024*******, email info@ https://www.wendangku.net/doc/873361370.html,. au or visit https://www.wendangku.net/doc/873361370.html,. au

A. go to seek new fossils individually

B. learn something about mining history

C. collect the world-class scientific fossils

D. become an expert and go to special locations

（2）What can you do if you take part in AG DEVIL ARK EXPEDITION?

A. Help protect wildlife.

B. Learn about dinosaurs.

C. Watch humpback whales.

D. Enjoy an exciting voyage.

（3）Which program will you choose if you want to enjoy rock art?

A. AG DEVIL ARK EXPEDITION.

B. LIGHTNING RIDGE FOSSIL DIG.

C. 11-DAY KIMBERLEY COAST CRUISE.

D. SWIM WITH THE HUMPBACKS OF TONGA

【答案】（1）B

（2）A

（3）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了AG 协会的四个远征计划的具体信息。

(1)考查细节理解。根据If you join in LIGHTNING RIDGE FOSSIL DIG 部分中的“There are also a series of lectures on mining history, fossils, dinosaur hunting and new dinosaurs.”可知，有一系列关于采矿史、化石、恐龙狩猎和新恐龙的讲座。故选B 。

(2)考查细节理解。根据第四个小框“AG DEVIL ARK EXPEDITION 中的there'll be opportunities to explore the area's natural treasures and spot local wildlife. Don't miss your chance to get involved in this important conservation effort.”可知，有机会探索该地区的自然宝藏和当地野生动物，还会有参与这项重要的保护野生动植物的机会。故选A 。

(3)考查细节理解。根据11-DAY KIMBERLEY COAST CRUISE 部分中的“Guests on this 11-day voyage will go ashore, explore natural wonders, meet traditional owners, see rock art and spot wildlife.”可知，如果你想欣赏摇滚艺术的话，就选11-DAY KIMBERLEY COAST CRUISE 。故选C 。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，要求考生准确捕捉细节信息，结合题目要求，选出正确答案。

7．阅读理解

Years ago, students applying to colleges and universities had to have their applications and personal essays printed out and then “snail -mailed”. Flash forward to today's world of Facebook, Instagram and WeChat, where photos, videos and mobile phones rule. Fortunately, several new tools are making it easier for college applicants to use technology to show off their personalities, skills and creativity.

ZEEMEE

One of the more popular innovations in college applications is ZeeMee, a free mobile app that allows students to upload personal profiles and videos to create visual resumes. More than 220 colleges and universities offer a ZeeMee option as part of the application process. The video can show the unique creative aspects of the applicants.

THE COALITION LOCKER

Another relatively new tool comes from the Coalition for Access, Affordability and Success, now

used by more than 110 member colleges and universities. Among the group's stated goals are getting students engaged in college prep early and using technology to create a supportive application process that encourages reflection and self-discovery.

Students who sign up for the free platform get access to a digital “locker”, which they can use

all through high school to save class papers, artwork, newspaper stories, videos and photos to share with colleges when they eventually apply.

VIDEO — CHAT INTERVIEWS

At some schools, an interview with an admission officer is an important part of the application process. To make it easier, several virtual interviewing tools have popped up, such as a video-based platform from Kira. More than 140 universities worldwide use Kira's video assessment tool

to conduct real-time interviews with prospective students. During the interview, candidates are shown the questions prerecorded by the particular school and must respond in real time by talking into the camera on their laptop or phone. In addition to showing their ability, to speak fluently in English and think on their feet, it helps admission officers determine the “motivation, commitment and drive” of applicants.

UNIQUE SCHOOL TOOLS

Some universities have come up with their own ways to allow students to show their skills and personalities. For example, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, encourages applicants to display their technical abilities and creativity by submitting a “Maker Portfolio” —a written or videotaped description of a project that shows creative and problem-solving skills. While a new

app would fit the bill, the project could be anything from an origami design to a potato cannon.

（1）Which of the apps give students more guidance from their high school?

A. ZEEMEE.

B. THE COALITION LOCKER.

C. VIDEO — CHAT INTERVIEWS.

D. UNIQUE SCHOOL TOOLS.

（2）What does the underlined word “it” in the fourth part of the passage refer to?

A. The video interview.

B. The description.

C. The application.

D. The student's ability.

（3）What is the common feature required by colleges and universities according to the passage?

A. Creativity.

B. Braveness.

C. Willingness to share.

D. Technical ability.

【答案】（1）B

（2）C

（3）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，在今天的Facebook、Instagram和微信的世界里，照

片、视频和手机盛行的同时，一些新工具让大学申请者更容易使用技术来展示他们的个

性、技能和创造力。

(1)考查推理判断。根据THE COALITION LOCKER部分中的“Students who sign up for the free platform get access to a digital ‘locker’, which they can use all through high school to save class papers, artwork, newspaper stories, videos and photos to share with colleges when they eventually apply.”可知，THE COALITION LOCKER. 能让学生从高中获得更多的指导。故选B。

(2)考查代词指代。根据VIDEO —CHAT INTERVIEWS部分中的“At some schools, an interview with an admission officer is an important part of the application process.”在一些学校，对招生人员的面试是申请过程的重要组成部分；以及“In addition to showing their ability, to speak fluently in English and think on their feet, it helps admission officers determine the ‘moti vation, commitment and drive’ of applicants.“除了展示他们的能力，为了流利地说英语和快速反应，它还能帮助招生人员决定申请者的“动机、承诺和动力”。由此可知it指的是“the application”，故选C。

(3)考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Fortunately, several new tools are making it easier for college applicants to use technology to show off their personalities, skills and creativity.”可知，根据文章的内容，创造力是学院和大学的共同特征。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断和代词指代两个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考根据上下文进行逻辑推理，选出正确答案。

8．阅读理解

On a February day during an unusually mild winter, found myself missing the snowy beauty. I enjoyed the feeling that comes from watching snow fall gently from heaven while I'm cosy inside with a good fire burning in the stove. But there were more serious concerns, like the lack of rainfall making our woods more accessible to summer forest fires. Local ski fields and hotels, all dependent on a snowy season, felt sorry for the vacant lifts, empty restaurants and unused snowmobiles.

Then I happened to see three little robins (知更鸟) fly into our yard. What were they doing here? West of us, in the Willamette Valley, wild flowers burst this time of year. But here in central Oregon, even if a groundhog (土拨鼠) had wanted to appear, it couldn't have broken through the frozen earth. And yet, these robins had arrived.

Their presence brought me a flow of happiness. It felt like a celebration as I dug into my bag of birdseed and spread a handful on the ground. Above me, the deep blue sky was cloudless, perfectly quiet but for some smoke from a neighbor's chimney. The lively cold made the air fresh and clean.

My robins jumped lightly toward the seed. My soul jumped with them, feeling equally carefree. Caught up in the moment of spring fever, I checked our snowless flower beds. To my delight, I spotted a green branch sticking out through the brown soil.

Despite the cold, I wasn't ready to go back inside. Just a short meeting with those robins had renewed my spirit. The next day I would return to my outdoor work with a cheerful heart and a hopeful eye for these signs of spring.

（1）The author missed a snowy winter because snow could .

A. prevent forest fires

B. boom his business

C. promise an early spring

D. bring him a good feeling

（2）The author felt happy when finding .

A. the sky was deep blue with clouds

B. three little robins flew into his yard

C. wild flowers burst in the Willamette Valley

D. a groundhog appeared through the frozen earth

（3）We can infer from the passage that the author .

A. would enjoy wild flowers the next day

B. thought winter was already over

C. longed for the coming of spring

D. loved robins the most

【答案】（1）D

（2）B

（3）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，寒冷的冬天，作者在家里发现有三只小知更鸟飞到了他的庭院，他感觉很高兴，于是他决定第二天外出，去寻找春天的足迹。

(1)考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“One a February day during an unusually mild winter, I found myself missing the snowy beauty. I enjoyed the feeling that comes from watching snow fall gently from heaven while I'm cosy inside with a good fire burni ng in the stove.”可知作者想念下雪的冬天，是因为雪可以给他带来一种很好的感觉，故选D。

(2)考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Their presence brought me a flow of happiness.”可知当作者发现有三只小知更鸟飞到了他的庭院时，他感觉很高兴，所以选B。

(3)考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“The next day I would return to my outdoor work with a cheerful heart and a hopeful e ye for these signs of spring. ”可知作者第二天会欣赏野花，所以选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生准确捕捉细节信息，根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

9．阅读理解

Have you ever lost your car on a parking lot? It happens. You park and go shopping. When you get back, you have no idea where your car is. It can be discouraging.

You don't need to install (安装) an expensive GPS system to keep track of your car. That's too expensive. You would need to pay a monthly subscription fee just to use it. But is there a way to track your vehicle without spending a fortune? Yes, now there is! A California-based start-up company was able to make this a reality. They created a tiny device (装置）that works with your smartphone, and it could be exactly what you're looking for! It's called TrackR Bravo. It's changing the way we keep track of the important things in our lives.

Install the free TrackR app on your smartphone, connect the app to your device and you're ready to go! Simply attach TrackR to whatever you want to keep an eye on. The entire process of setting it up only takes 5 minutes or less. You can attach it to your keys, wallet and anything else you don't want to lose. Then use the TrackR app to find where your missing item are in seconds. Forget expensive GPS systems or tracking services. Nobody wants to pay expensive monthly

subscription fees. We understand how stressful these things can be, and this is the reason why the company created TrackR. This device is your VIP when you need to take care of important things.

If you forget where you park your car, take out your smartphone and open the TrackR app. Tap on the “lost item” sign on the screen and the app will tell you the exact location. This device is by no means expensive. TrackR only costs $29, a small price to pay for peace of mind. The device is small enough that you can attach it to your pets. Put it on their collar, and you will never lose track of them! Attach it to your key or wallet, and never waste a minute rummaging the whole house for it.

Since you've been informed about this brilliant invention, now attach it to everything that's important to you.

（1）Why does the author mention the lost car in the first Paragraph?

A. To explain how terrible the situation is.

B. To stress the importance of being cautious.

C. To lead to the topic concerning finding lost items.

D. To provide one common example about theft.

（2）What's the feature of the TrackR app?

A. The process of setting up the app is complex.

B. The cost of setting up the app is rather high.

C. The app is available in any electronic equipment.

D. The app helps locate the lost items in a short time.

（3）The TrackR was created because .

A. life is full of all kinds of pressure

B. tracking services cause financial burden

C. people want to keep their important items safe

D. GPS systems can not provide specific location

（4）Which of the following is closest to the meaning of the underlined word "rummaging" in Paragraph 5?

A. Searching

B. Destroying

C. Cleaning

D. Moving

【答案】（1）C

（2）D

（3）B

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍杰出的发明TrackR，它可以帮助你找到丢失的东西。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Have you ever lost your car on a parking lot? It happens. You park and go shopping. When you get back, you have no idea where your car is. It can be discouraging.”可知，提到丢失的汽车是为了寻找丢失物品的话题。故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Then use the TrackR app to find where your missing item are in seconds.”可知，这个应用程序可以帮助在短时间内找到丢失的物品。故选D。（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Forget expensive GPS systems or tracking services. Nobody wants to pay expensive monthly subscription fees. We understand how stressful these things can be, and this is the reason why the company created TrackR.“可知，跟踪服务，造成

财政负担。故选B。

（4）考查词义猜测。根据倒数第二段中的“The device is small enough that you can attach it to your pets.Put it on their collar, and you will never lose track of them! Attach it to your key or wallet”该装置是足够小，你可以将它附加到你的宠物上。把它放在他们的项圈上，你从来不会与他们失去联系！把它系在你的钥匙或钱包上。由此可知，找到它从不浪费一分钟搜查整个房子。划线词的意思应该是“搜寻”，故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

10．阅读理解

Given the recent interest in green buildings in the media, let's think differently. Instead of focusing on increasing the supply of energy, what if we focus on reducing demand?

Can we start with ending the open-door practice of street-front shops? While cool air from these shops is refreshing to pedestrians, it carries a cost. Energy is used in the air conditioning process.

So it must be possible to look for changes in regulations that would encourage more energy-saving designs. For instance, if we fix ceiling fans, air-conditioning homes could surely be avoided for part of the year. Ceiling fans use far less energy. They were in a year air conditioners could stay if ceiling fans were fixed.

In homes built under the small-house policy in New Territories, the ceiling may be too low for ceiling fans. If the 9-meter maximum building height regulation were relaxed, ceiling fans could be fixed to reduce energy use. Current thinking in sustainable building design and operation involves integrated(协调统一的) design, that is, bring together all parties to create a building with better performance that achieves energy reduction.

For integrated design to succeed, all parties must come together and think beyond each person's circle of influence. Better solutions are impossible to avoid with integrated design. Buildings would no longer be engineered after the basic architecture was built. Positive project outcomes may include reduced air-conditioning load, reduced power use for electric lighting, and a reduction in the amount of materials used.

We need to ask if we are ready to look beyond our own small circles and seek an improved approach to building design. By that I mean an integrated design resulting in more sustainable buildings.

（1）What's the author's attitude towards the open-door practice of the street shops? A. Supportive. B. Disapproving. C. Optimistic. D. Uncaring.

（2）Why does the author suggest fixing ceiling fans?

A. To follow an old practice.

B. To help reduce energy use.

C. To completely replace air conditioners.

D. To help cut down on daily expenses.

（3）What's the key to making sustainable buildings a reality?

A. All parties should get started at the same time.

B. The basic architecture should be finished first.

C. Proper design and performance to achieve energy reduction.

D. Seeking the small-house

policy and some successful architects.

（4）What would be the best title for the text?

A. Waste less, live better

B. Goodbye, air conditioning

C. How to reduce the energy cost

D. Green buildings call for integrated design

【答案】（1）B

（2）B

（3）C

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文属于议论文。作者认为街边商店开放空调的做法虽然给人以凉爽的空气，但却浪费了大量的能源。所以他鼓励节能的集成设计，即在住宅建成前统一设计，安装吊扇，减少空调的负荷及照明用电等能源。

（1）推理判断题。根据第二段Can we start with ending the open-door practice of street-front shops? While cool air from these shops is refreshing to pedestrians, it carries a cost. Energy is used in the air conditioning process.可知，作者认为虽然这些商店的凉爽空气给行人提神，但open-door practice却带来了成本，在空调降低温度过程中消耗了能量。可知是持不赞成的态度的。故答案选B项。

（2）细节理解题。根据第三段if we fix ceiling fans, air-conditioning homes could surely be avoided for part of the year. Ceiling fans use far less energy. 如果我们按装吊扇，空调住宅一年中大部分时间可不用空调。吊扇使用的能量要少得多。由此可知建议安吊扇是因为能减少能源的使用。故答案选B项。

（3）推理判断题。根据第5 段为了使集成设计成功，各方必须团结起。找出更好的解决方案。这种恰当的正确的设计结果，可以减少空调负荷，减少电力照明用电，减少使用材料的数量。（Positive project outcomes may include reduced air-conditioning load, reduced power use for electric lighting, and a reduction in the amount of materials used. ）故答案C符合题意。故答案选C项。

（4）主旨大意题。作者认为商店开放空调导致能源的浪费，所以倡导在住宅区安装吊扇的节能环保的做法。这就需要要建筑房屋前统一的综合的集成设计，才能有一个可持续的节约的环保绿色的建筑。因此本文最好的标题是绿色建筑呼唤集成设计。故D项符合题意。【点评】主旨大意阅读理解题解题技巧：抓住文章段落大意，概括中心思想

寻找整篇文章的中心思想的方法是建立在寻找具体段落中心的基础上的。各段落中心句的整体归纳便是文章的中心思想。在这个过程中，考生们不能只依据只言片语、一枝一节，或光看文章的某一些段落，而应该观察全文的结构安排；理解文章浓墨重笔写的“重心”；考虑文章的组织材料及支撑性细节是服务于什么的；分析故事的发展结局都是围绕什么内容来表达中心的；最后用简明扼要的文字将文章的中心思想表达出来。

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