文档库 最新最全的文档下载
当前位置:文档库 › 高考英语语法总结教学提纲

高考英语语法总结教学提纲

高考英语语法总结教学提纲
高考英语语法总结教学提纲

高考英语语法总结

一.非谓语动词

一.不定式:

一)不定式的常考形式:

1) 一般形式:He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others. 被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do.

语法功能:表示与谓语动词同步发生

2) 完成形式:He pretended not to have seen me.

被动形式:The book is said to have been translated into many languages.

语法功能:表示发生在谓语动词之前

二)不定式常考的考点:

1)不定式做定语----将要发生

2)不定式做状语----目的

3)不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe.

三)不定式的省略

1)感官动词see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel

+ do 表示动作的完整性,真实性;

+ doing 表示动作的连续性,进行性

I saw him work in the garden yesterday.

昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实)

I saw him working in the garden yesterday.

昨天我见他正在花园里干活。(强调"我见他正干活"这个动作)

" 感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词:The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable.

2) 使役动词have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后

要还原to

I 'd like to have John do it.

I have my package weighed.

Paul doesn't have to be made to learn.

3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do

四)有些动词后只跟不定式如:

want,wish,hope,manage,promise,refuse,pretend,plan,offer,decide,agree,expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do

force sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do

be ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do

We agreed _______ here,but so far she hasn't turned up yet.(NMET 1995)

A.having met B.meeting C.to meet D.to have met (Key:C)

五) 有的时候to后面要接-ing形式

accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be

dedication/dedicated to; be opposition/opposed to; be similarity/similar to. 三、need/want 后的-ing形式具有被动的意思。其中,want不太常用。

He needs (a lot of) encouraging.

二. 动名词:具有动作性特征的名词

1)是名词seeing is believing

2)具有动词性特征可以带宾语starving troops is necessary.

一)动名词的形式:

一般形式:I don't like you smoking.

完成形式:I regret not having taken your advice.

被动形式:This question is far from being settled.

二) 动名词常考的点

1)动名词做主语谓语动词为单数

2)在动名词和不定式中,做为介词的宾语是动名词

3)动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语.

I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon.(MET 1992)

A.you to call B.you call C.you calling D.you're calling(Key:C your calling 也对)

I regret not having taken your advice.

4)有些词后只能接动名词

admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can't help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand...

另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法:

it's no good; it's no/little/hardly any/ use; it's not/hardly/scarcely use; it's worthwhile; spend money/time; there's no; there's no point in; there's nothing worse than; what's the use/point...

5有些词后加不定式和动名词均可

remember, forget, try, stop, go on, cease, mean后面用不定式和-ing形式,意义截然不容。

I remembered to post the letters. (指未来/过去未来的动作)

I remembered posting/having posting the letters (我记得这个动作)

forgot remember的用法类似。

I regret to inform you that… 我很遗憾地通知你…

I regretted having left the firm after twenty years. 为了"二十年前的离开"而遗憾。

try to 努力You really must try to overcome your shyness.

try -ing 试验Try practicing five hours a day.

I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. [打算、想]我想去,但我父亲不让我去。

To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. [意味着]赠加工资意味着增加购买力。

prefer的用法:

我宁愿在这里等。

3 分词:

现在分词主动进行,过去分词被动状态

现在分词的形式:

1)一般式: Do you see the man talking to the dean(主任)? (与谓语动词同步发生)

2)完成形式:Not having made adequate preparations, they failed. (发生谓语动词之前)

3)完成被动形式:Having been adapted, the script seems perfect.( 发生谓语动词之前且表示被动)

过去分词

1) 过去分词表示被动:Fight no battle unprepared.

2)过去分词的进行形式:You'll find the topic being discussed everywhere. (强调正在被做)

这三种非谓语动词,都可以构成复合结构,非谓语动词所修饰的成分是这些非谓语动词的逻辑主语。他们之间的一致关系--主动还是被动,往往就是考点。独立主格结构中,要注意的是分词与他前面的逻辑主语之间的主动被动的关系。二:虚拟语气和情态动词

情态动词的基本用法及其区别

最近几年高考试题中常常借助语境来考查情态动词的基本用法及其区别,因此在平时学习时准确理解和掌握情态动词的基本用法十分重要。情态动词的用法复杂多变,在高考试题中,命题者常常利用语境和句子之间意义上的细微差别来考查学生对情态动词的理解和掌握。对于情态动词,除了要求考生能够准确掌握它们的基本用法外,还要充分利用高考试题所设置的语境来分析句子之间所体现的特殊关系。下面就近几年来高考试题中出现的情态动词的考点进行归纳分析,以便同学们复习掌握。

一、用"情态动词+have +done"结构表示对过去动作的推测,高考试题中常用过去时态或过去的时间状语给以暗示。情态动词的这一用法可以用"对立统一"来概括。

1.当试题的前句和后句在动作和意义上相互补充说明,且整个句意在动作和时间上是一个整体时,我们可用"统一"关系来解决这样的试题。常见的结构有:must have done:

表示对过去动作的肯定推测,常译作"一定做了……",只能用于肯定句中。其否定形式为can't/couldn't have done

疑问式为Can/Could...have done?。

could /might have done:表示对过去发生的动作的可能性推测,常译作"可能做了……"。如:

1) My sister met him at the Grand Theater yesterday afternoon, so he

_____your lecture.(上海2000)

A.couldn't have attended

B.needn't have attended

C.mustn't have attended

D.shouldn't have attended

本题选A。

2) Jack ____yet, otherwise he would have telephoned me.(上海'97

A.mustn't have arrived

B.shouldn't have arrived

C.can't have arrived

D.need not have arrived (C)

2.当试题的前后句在动作和意义上构成转折关系时,常借助"but, however, instead"等词来表示过去的动作与客观事实不符,这时我们就可以用"对立"关系来解决这样的试题。这种结构常见的有:

should have done /ought to have done:表示过去本应该做某事而实际上没有做。

should not have done /ought not to have done:表示过去本不应该做某事但事实上却做了。

由句中的连词but可知前后句之间是对立关系,分析题意可知本题应选C。

二、考查情态动词基本用法之间的比较和辨析。最近几年高考试题中常借助具体的语境来考查考生对那些最常见的情态动词的基本用法的理解和掌握,因此在做这样的试题时应认真分析语境中所含的实际意义,并结合情态动词的基本含义和用法做出正确的选择。

虚拟语气

" 最自然的虚拟状态:由should/would+原型时态(不含时间只含状态)

本质上是过去将来时:即,时间固定在过去将来,状态不同:一般、进行、完成、完成进行。

这时"虚拟语气"的产生往往是因为我们要表达"本来应该……"(而现在却还没有……)

(本来可以……,本来能……)

一些常见的句型中,就会出现这种虚拟语气,而处于从句之中,should 常常被省略掉

o suggest, advise, propose, recommend, plan;

o demand, order, direct, arrange, command, decide;

o require, request;

o think, expect, believe, insist, suspect.

由于他们的含义中包含"建议,假设,应该"这类的含义,所以,由他们引起的从句中,就会包含有should+原型时态构成的虚拟语气。

这些动词(以及他们的名次形式,分词形式)引起的从句还有其他的变形

主语从句,表语从句,同位语从句

It's suggested that…

My suggestion is that…

The only suggestion that...

The only suggestion I can give you now is that…

一些形容词引起的表语从句中,也会有同样的情况

important; necessary; essential

It's natural ; strange; incredible that

a pity; a shame; no wonder

? 由lest, for fear that, in case 引起的从句中多使用should

" 表达与事实相反

1. 与现在相反:使用[过去时]:

I wish I were not here! (一般现在'一般过去)

Suppose we were not here.

He loved me as if I were his own son. (一般现在'一般过去)

Hope I weren't always losing things! (现在进行'过去进行)

If only/If I hadn't been there! (现在完成'过去完成)

What if I hadn't been waiting right here! (现在完成进行'过去完成进行)

常考句型:It's (high) time (that)…; would rather (that)…

这两个从句,只能表达对现在的看法,所以,从句中只有一般过去时。

2. 与过去相反:过去完成时;

3. 与将来相反?将来的事情没有发生,所以只能推测且实现可能很小

I wish he could not smoke any more.

不过,由于可以用be to表示将来;所以,虚拟语气中经常出现were to;也是CET-4的常考语法点。

" 虚拟条件句

o if 部分,做一个与事实相反的假设(所以只有一般过去和过去完成)

o 主句部分,这是表示基于这个假设的推测,一般使用情态动词would,少数情况下使用could/might/should。

o 注意:两个部分之间,是有逻辑关系,而在两部分的谓语动词时态上,没有必然的联系。

" 注意,虚拟条件句中的if可以省略,造成were/had提前,产生倒装。" 隐含的非真实条件:由特殊的词给出条件: with, without, in , but for, otherwise, or

How could I be happy without you? In his shoes, I would kill myself.

But for the storm, we would have arrived.

三、一致关系

一)主谓一致

1.主谓一致(与插入语无关)

1主谓的分隔原则:主谓之间可以用定语从句或者省略的定语从句分隔。

2定语从句中的主谓一致:

3随前一致:

n. + together with n2

as well as

including

along with

with / of

accompanied with / by

4就近原则:n1 or n2 +v(就近原则)

either n1 or n2

5可数n1 and 可数n2+v(pl)

不可数n1 and 不可数n2+v(pl)

例外:war and peace is… war and peace是一个整体

但是如果主语表示的是同一个概念,同一人,同一事的时候,谓语动词用单数,这种结构的特征是and连接的两个词只有一个冠词。

The iron and steel industry is very important to our country.

The head master and mathematical teacher is coming.

The head master and the mathematical teacher are coming.

类似的还有:law and order bread and

butter black and white

To love and to be loved is …

A lawyer and a teacher are…

A lawyer and teacher is …

6随后原则:not A but B / not only A but also B+v.(与B一致)

7百分比结构:most , half , rest , some , majority , one+persent

of+n1+v.(由n1决定

8倒装结构的主谓一致:

a)There be +n 由名词决定动词

b)Among , between等介词位于句首引起倒装结构:

Among / Between …+系动词+n. (由名词决定动词)

9The+adj的主谓一致:

a)当表示"一类人",

b)当表示某一抽象概念时

The good is always attractive.

10 To do/doing/主从+vs

*More than one+n

many a +n.

a day or two

二)、倒装

1 全部倒装

是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有:Up went the plane = the plane went up.

1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。

2) 表示运动方向的副词(back, down, off, up)或地点状语置于句首,谓语表示运动的动词。

注意:1) 上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词,如果主语是人称代词则不能倒装。Here he comes. Away they went. 2) 谓语动词是be的时候,不能倒装。Here it is. Here you are.

3)形容词短语/分词短语位于句首,引起倒装

*typical of characteristic of

*coinciding with + n

4)表示地点范围的介词短语位于句首,谓语动词为系动词,一定引起倒装In…(表语)+系动词+主,主同。

*在倒装句型答案中不能出现there

*常考介词要倒装:among between in at beneath

常考的系动词:be lie exist remain rest

部分倒装

1.否定adv 位于句首,引起倒装:not only, not until, hardly, scarcely, seldom, rarely, no sooner…than

1)not until + 时间+ 主谓倒装,not until + 句子+主谓倒装

2)only+状语位于句首

only +ad. eg: recently

prep.短短语eg: in recently years

从句eg: when clause

only一个词本身不倒装

3)在比较级结构中,than后面可以倒装,也可以不倒装。

部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词,则需添加助动词do, does或did,并将其置于主语之前。

? 1) Neither, nor, so 表示前面句子的共同否定或者肯定,产生倒装,一般主动词提前,谓语动词的其他部分就

4) as / though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前(形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前)。

as〔让步〕虽然,尽管〔词序倒装。语气比though 强〕。

Successful as he is, he is not proud. 他虽成功,却不骄傲。

Women as she is, she's every brave.

Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.

注意:A) 句首名词不能带任何冠词。B) 句首是实义动词, 其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语, 随实义动词一起放在主语之前。

5) 其他部分倒装

a) so… that 句型中的so; such… that句型中的such位于句首时,需倒装。

So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.

b) 在某些表示祝愿的句型中:May you all be happy.

c) 在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词,可将if 省略,把were, had, should 移到主语之前,采取部分倒装。Were I you, I would try it again.

四、复合句

从句可分为:

? 名词性从句' 主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句

? 形容词性从句'定语从句

? 副词性从句'状语从句

" 常考的关系代词:that; which; who/whom/whose; where; when; what; as。" 常见的同位语从句现行词(that之前的抽象名词):fact, idea, news, hope, conclusion, evidence, opinion, problem, thought, understanding…

" 常用的引导词

o 时间状语从句:while; when; before; whenever; as; after; till; until; since; once; ever since; as/so long as; as soon as; no sooner… than; hardly… when; scarcely/barely… when; the moment/minute/instant; on (the point of) doing…

o 地点状语从句:where; wherever

o 原因状语从句:because; since; as; seeing that; considering that; now that; in that; for fear that; lest; owing to the fact that; because of the fact that; due to the fact that…

o 方式状语从句:as; as if; as though; how; save that…

o 比较状语从句:as; than; as… as; not so… as; hardly… than;

o 结果状语从句:so that; so… that; such… that; so as to…

o 条件状语从句:if; unless; in case; so long as; so far as;

provided/providing/that; supposing; granted/granting that…; giving that…

o 让步状语从句:though; although; even if; even though; whether; as; however; no matter (what, how, when); for all that; in spite of the fact that; granted that; regardless of the fact that…

o 目的状语从句:that; so that; in order that; lest; for the fear that; in case…定语从句:

which 引导的定语从句结构

1)which是关系代词,which后面应该加缺主语或者宾语的句子,

在这个句子中,which要作成分,作主语或者宾语

2)in which+完整的句子

which在定语从句中作in的宾语,所以不能作后面句子的主语

3)名词+of which+谓语动词

of which来修饰名词,名词在定语从句中作主语,所以后面直接跟谓语动词

I have five books three of which are borrowed from Mary.

4)介词+ which +to do 其功能相当于定语从句。

The key with which to open the door is lost.

5)定语从句的省略结构:

1.如果that / which在定从中作宾语,可以省略.

sub+vt+n+(which / that)+sub+vt

→s+vt+n+s+v

s+vt+n1+n2+vt

*当做题时,若发现两个名词在一起,但是似乎连不上,则一定省略that / which,则动词为vt,做谓语。

6)定从的特殊省略

the way (in which) + 句子

the reason (why that)+句子均为完整句

the time (that / when)+句子

I do remember the first time (that省) I ever heard the sweetest voice in the world.

By the time省that+句子,句子。

7)定从的主系省略(主+系可同时省)

即:which be , who be ,

第一、特定的状语从句引导词:although though even though when while if as 第二、从句主语和主句主语必须保持一致;

第三、从句的谓语必须是be动词,主语和be动词同进同出,比如上面的they 和are要么同时省略,要么同时保留。

高考英语插入语及插入句的用法

在NMET中,插入语屡见不鲜,由于插入语通常与句中其它成分没有语法上的关系,因此给考生的理解带来一定困难。插入语多半用逗号与句子隔开,用来表示说话者对句子所表达的意思的态度。插入语可能是一个词、一个短语或一个句子。

一、常用做插入语的副词

indeed的确,surely无疑,however然而,obviously显然,frankly坦率地说,naturally自然,luckily (或happily) for sb.算某人幸运,fortunately幸好,strangely奇怪,hone stly真的,briefly简单地说等。

1. Surely,she won t go to China Telecom with you.

当然她不会和你一起去中国电信。

2. Strangely,he has not been to China Unicom. Still more strangely,he has not called me.

奇怪,他未来过中国联通。更奇怪,他没给我打电话。

3. Fortunately,I found the book that I d lost.

幸亏我找到了已丢失的那本书。

二、常见的作插入语的形容词或其短语

true真的,funny真可笑,strange to say说也奇怪,needless to say不用说,most impor tant of all最为重要,worse still更糟糕的等。

1. Strange to say (或True),he should have done such a thing.

说也奇怪(或真的),他竟然做出这样的事。

2. Most important of all,you each over fulfilled your own task.

更为重要的,你们各自超额完成了自己的任务。

三、常用作插入语的介词短语

in a few words(或in sum, in short)简而言之, in other words换句话说, in a sense在某种意义上, in general一般说来, in my view在我看来, in his opinion(judgment)按照他的意见(判断), in conclusion总之,in summary概括地说, in fact事实上, in the first place首先, in addition 此外, of course当然, to our knowledge据我们所知, to my joy(delight,satisfaction)使我欣慰(高兴、满意)的, to their surprise(astonis hment,amazement)使他们惊奇的, to her regret (disappointment)使她遗憾(失望)的, for instance(或example)例如, as a matter of fact事实上等。

高考英语语法总结教学提纲

高考英语语法总结 一.非谓语动词 一.不定式: 一)不定式的常考形式: 1) 一般形式:He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others. 被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do. 语法功能:表示与谓语动词同步发生 2) 完成形式:He pretended not to have seen me. 被动形式:The book is said to have been translated into many languages. 语法功能:表示发生在谓语动词之前 二)不定式常考的考点: 1)不定式做定语----将要发生 2)不定式做状语----目的 3)不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe. 三)不定式的省略 1)感官动词see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel + do 表示动作的完整性,真实性; + doing 表示动作的连续性,进行性 I saw him work in the garden yesterday. 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实) I saw him working in the garden yesterday. 昨天我见他正在花园里干活。(强调"我见他正干活"这个动作) " 感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词:The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable. 2) 使役动词have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后 要还原to I 'd like to have John do it. I have my package weighed. Paul doesn't have to be made to learn. 3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do 四)有些动词后只跟不定式如: want,wish,hope,manage,promise,refuse,pretend,plan,offer,decide,agree,expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do force sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do be ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do We agreed _______ here,but so far she hasn't turned up yet.(NMET 1995) A.having met B.meeting C.to meet D.to have met (Key:C) 五) 有的时候to后面要接-ing形式

小学英语语法总结大全

小学英语语法大全 第一章?名?词? 一、定义? 名词是表示人或事物名称的词。它既可以表示具体的东西,也可以是表示抽象的东西。? 二、分类? 1.?名词可以根据意义分为普通名词和专有名词? 如:??a?? 是普通名词,是专有名词? 普通名词前可以用不定冠词,?定冠词?或不加冠词,专有名词前一般不加冠词,专有名词的首字母要大写。? 2.?普通名词又可以分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词,其中个体名词与集体名词是可数名词,物质名词和抽象名称是不可数名词。? 3.?专有名词? 专有名词是表示人名、地名、团体、机

构、组织等的专有名词,多为独一无二的事物。? 三、名词的数? 1、名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。?可数名词——可以数的名词? 不可数名词——数不清(没有复数)???????????????? ????????????? 2、可数名词与不定冠词a()连用有数数形式,不可数名词不能与不定冠词a()连用,没有复数形式? 可数名词复数? ?不可数名词? ,??,?a???(?)?两者都可以修饰。? 3、可数名词可以直接用数词来修饰? 不可数名词??数词?+量词??+?名词? 对可数名词的数量提问用?? 对不可数名词的数量提问用???

4、不可数名词的量有以下两种表示方法:? 1)?,???????????,???用等表示多少。?注意既可以与可数名词复数,又可以与不可数名词连用的有:???????????等。? 如???????.瓶中有很多水。? i'?????.我要告诉你许多好消息。? ?????我们应该收集一些有用的消息。?2)?用单位词表示。? 用a?...??表示。? 如a???(一杯......),a???(一瓶......)? a???(一张......),a???(一双鞋)? 如???(两杯茶)???(五张纸)? 注意单位词后的动词单复数形式往往取决于单位词的单复数形式;千、百等数词与名词加用,表示复数时,数词仍保持单数,名词变复数。? 如??(200名学生)? ??(10000棵树)?

高考英语语法必考知识点

名词性从句 区别什么从句应看主句,主句不完整时从句肯定是名词性从句。主句完整时,从句可能是定语从句,状语从句,或者同位语从句。 需要用什么引导词看从句。名词性从句中缺什么意思用什么意思的引导词; 缺名词性成 份时,指人用指物用不缺意思和成份时用That只有在宾语从句中可以省略。 引导主、宾、表语从句时,what要充当主语、宾语或表语等句子成分,that不作任何成分,只在语法上起连接的作用。 ◆____we can’t get∧seems better than ____ we have∧. A. What; what B. what; that C. That; that D. That; what 本句包含一个主语从句和一个宾语从句,且两个从句都缺乏宾语,可见两个引导词都必须充当成分,所以答案是A。 ◆____ ∧caused the accident is still a complete mystery. A. What B. That C. How D. Where 该题答案是A,what在主语从句中作主语,即作谓语动词caused的执行者。在下面的例句中,that不充当任何成份,只起语法连接作用(因为句子本身不缺成分): 〖2011江西卷〗The villagers have already known we’ll do is to rebuild the bridge. A.this B.that C.what D.which 考察宾语从句和主语从句。村民们已经知道我们将要做的事情是重建这座桥,后面的宾语从句的主语从句中缺少主语且指物,所以选择what。答案:C 〖2011四川卷〗Our teachers always tell us to believe in we do and who we are if we want to succeed. A. why B. how C. what D. which in介词后面接宾语从句,且从句中缺do的宾语,故选C项。why、how在句中作状语;which在名词性从句中作定语。选C. 〖2011陕西卷〗I’d like to start my own business –that’s I’d do if I had the money. A.why B.when C.which D.what 所填词引导的从句位于系动词之后,是表语从句,所填词在从句中做宾语,指物,用what,选D。其余选项与题意不符。 〖2011北京卷〗Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness. A. Which B. What C. That D. Whom 考察名词性从句中的主语从句。主语从句中缺少offer的宾语,选择what。

高考英语语法知识点总结

专题一定语从句 一、关系代词引导的定语从句 1、that 指人或物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语 which 指物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语(作宾语时可以省略) who 指人在从句中作主语,宾语或表语 whom 指人在从句中作宾语 whose 指人或物在从句中作定语 as 指人或物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语 but 指人或物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语 注意:指物时,whose+名词=the+名词+of which 或of which+the+名词 2、as 的用法 (1)常用于下列结构:such…as; so…as;the same…as; as…as 注意:the same…as 表示同一类,不同一个 the same…that 表示同一个 (2)as与which的区别 a、位置不同 as可放在主句后,主句前或主句中间;which只能放在主句后。 b、as起连接作用,表达说话人的观点、看法,并指出主句内容的根据或出处,意为“正如,正像”。 Which相当于并列句,可以用and this来代替,意为“这一点,这件事’”。 注意:as常用于下列结构:as we know/ as is known to all, as we all can see, as has been said before/above, as might be excepted, as is often the case, 一般不能用which代替as。 C、在从句中作主语时,which既可作系动词be的主语也可作实义动词的主语,而as只可作系动词be的主语。 3、but用作关系代词,相当于who/that…not 例:In China there is no one but knows Lei Feng. 二、只用that不用which的情况 1、.先行词为all , much, everything, nothing , something ,anything, nothing, none, the one等不定代词时 2、先行词被only, any, few, little, no , all, just , very ,right等修饰时. 3、当先行词是最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。 4、当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。 5、当先行词是数词时. 6、当先行词既指人又指物时。 7、如有两个定语从句,其中一个关系代词已用which,另一个关系代词则宜用that。 8、主句是There be结构,修饰其主语的定语从句宜用that 作关系代词。 9、被修饰成分为表语,或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时,该关系代词宜用that。 10、先行词为what,关系代词用that。

高中英语语法大全归纳总结-高中语法归纳总结

高中英语语法权威解析 目录: 第01章名词性从句 第02章“It”用法及其句型与固定搭配讲解 第03章高中英语语法中得省略现象 第04章主谓一致 第05章动词不定式 第06章倒装结构 第07章定语从句 第08章被动语态 第09章祈使句 第10章感叹句 第11章疑问句 第12章名词 第一章名词性从句 在句子中起名词作用得句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses)。名词性从句得功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同得语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句与同位语从句、一. 主语从句 主语从句就是在复合句中充当主语得从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it 代替,而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It 作形式主语与it引导强调句得比较 It 作形式主语代替主语从句,主要就是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句得连接词没有变化、而i t引导得强调句则就是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调得就是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom、例如: a) It isapitythatyoudidn’t go to seethefilm.您不去瞧那场电影真可惜。 b) It doesn’tinterest me whetheryou succeed or not、我对您成功与否不感兴趣、 c) Itisin themorning thatthe murder took place. 谋杀案就是在早上发生得、(强调句型) d) It is John that broke thewindow。就是John打碎得窗户。(强调句型) 2、用it 作形式主语得结构 (1)It is + 名词+从句 It is afact that…事实就是… It is an honor that …非常荣幸 It iscommon knowledge that …就是常识 (2)It is + 形容词+从句 It is natural that…很自然… It isstrange that…奇怪得就是…(3) It is+不及物动词+ 从句 Itseems that…似乎… It happenedthat…碰巧… Itappears that…似乎…

小学英语语法知识点汇总(必看)

小学英语语法知识点汇总 一、名词 表示某一事物,有具体的和抽象的之分。分为可数名词和不可数名词。 强调:不可数名词都默认为单数,所以总是用is或者was; 最好不要根据some、any、a lot of等词去作判断,以免受误导。 1、可数名词如何变“复数形式”: a.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds ;读音:清辅音后读[s],浊辅音和元音后读[z]。 b.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches ;读音:[iz]。 c.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries ;读音:[z]。 d.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives ,thief-thieves;读音:[z]。e.以“o”结尾的词,分两种情况 1)有生命的+es 读音:[z] 如:mango-mangoes tomato-tomatoes hero-heroes 2) 无生命的+s 读音:[z] 如:photo-photos radio-radios f. 不规则名词复数:man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, snowman-snowmen, mouse-mice, child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 2、不可数名词没有复数。 如果要计算不可数名词所表达的数量,就得在数词和不可数名词之间加上“量词+of”。

新课标高考英语重点语法范例归总十三类

新课标高考英语重点语法范例归总十三类(总61页) -CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1 -CAL-本页仅作为文档封面,使用请直接删除

新课标高考英语重点语法范例 第一周派生词 在新课标全国卷的语法填空题中,有涉及单词的形式变化的题目。此外,新考纲要求考生掌握 3 000多个英语单词。因此,掌握常用派生词的构词方法不仅能帮助同学们做好语法填空题,还能帮助同学们扩大词汇量,为同学们在高考中稳操胜券奠定基础。 一、名词后缀 1.动词+-ion/-tion /-sion→名词(表示动作或动作过程) correct v.改正;纠正correction n.改正 celebrate v.庆祝celebration n.庆祝;庆祝会 conclude v.完成;结束conclusion n.结论;结束 2.动词+-er/-or→名词(表示从事某种职业或进行某种活动的人) drive v.驾驶开车;驱赶driver n.司机;驾驶员 gather v.聚集;采集gatherer n.收集者;采集者 conduct v.指挥;管理conductor n.指挥;售票员 3.动词+-ment→名词 punish v.惩罚punishment n.惩罚 4.动词/形容词+-th→名词 warm adj.温暖的warmth n.温暖 grow v.生长growth n.生长 5.形容词+-y→名词 difficult adj.困难的difficulty n.困难 honest adj.诚实的honesty n.诚实 6.形容词+-ness→名词 kind adj.善良的kindness n.善良 7.动词+-ance→名词 annoy vt.使烦恼annoyance n.生气;烦恼 8.-ship结尾的名词(表示身份;关系;资格) member n.成员;会员membership n.会员资格 professor n.教授professorship n.教授身份 9.-ing结尾的名词 garden n.花园gardening n.园艺 greet v.打招呼;问候greetings n.问候 [针对训练]

江苏高考英语语法专题复习知识点汇总

江苏高考英语语法专题复习知识点汇总 一、冠词The Article 知识要点: 冠词是一种虚词,放在名词的前面,帮助说明名词的含义。冠词分不定冠词(The Indefinite Article)和定冠词(The definite Article)两种。a (an) 是不定冠词,a用在辅音之前:如a book, a man; an用在元音之前,如:an old man, an hour, an interesting book等。the是定冠词。 一、不定冠词的用法 1、指人或事物的某一种类(泛指)。这是不定冠词a (an)的基本用法。如:She is a girl. I am a teacher. Please pass me an apple. 2、指某人或某物,但不具体说明何人或何物。如:He borrowed a story-book from the library. A Li is looking for you. 一位姓李的同志正在找你。 3、表示数量,有“一”的意思,但数的概念没有one强烈。如: I have a mouth, a nose and two eyes. 4、用于某些固定词组中。如: a bit, a few, a little, a lot of, a piece of, a cup of, a glass of, a pile of, a pair of, have a good time, for a while, for a long time等。 5、用在抽象名词前,表具体的介绍——a + 抽象名词,起具体化的作用。如: This little girl is a joy to her parents. 这女孩对她父母来说是一个乐趣。 It is a pleasure to talk with you. 跟您交谈真是一件愉快的事情。 It is an honour to me to attend the meeting. 参加这个会,对我来说是一种荣誉。 二、定冠词的用法: 1、特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。这是定冠词the的基本用法。如: Beijing is the capital of China. The pen on the desk is mine. 2、指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。如: Where is the teacher? Open the window, please. 3、指上文提过的人或事物(第二次出现)。如: There was a chair by the window. On the chair sat a young woman with a baby in her arms. The baby was thin. 4、用在世界上独一无二的事物前。如:

小学英语语法总结及讲解

小学英语语法总结及讲解 一、一般现在时 一般现在时基本用法介绍 【No. 1】一般现在时的功能 1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如:The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。 2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如:I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。 3.表示客观现实。如:The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。 一般现在时的构成 1. be动词:主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如:I am a boy.我是一个男孩。 2.行为动词:主语+行为动词(+其它)。如:We study English.我们学习英语。 当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时,要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如:Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。 一般现在时的变化 1. be动词的变化。 否定句:主语+ be + not +其它。如:He is not a worker.他不是工人。 一般疑问句:Be +主语+其它。如:-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not. 特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。如:Where is my bike? 2.行为动词的变化。 否定句:主语+ don't( doesn't ) +动词原形(+其它)。如:I don't like bread. 当主语为第三人称单数时,要用doesn't构成否定句。如:He doesn't often play. 一般疑问句:Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。

如:- Do you often play football? - Yes, I do. / No, I don't. 当主语为第三人称单数时,要用does构成一般疑问句。 如: - Does she go to work by bike? - Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't. 特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。如:How does your father go to work? 动词+s的变化规则 1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks 2.以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes 3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:study-studies 二、现在进行时 1.现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。 2.现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词ing. 3.现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。 4.现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。 5.现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为: 疑问词+ be + 主语+ 动词ing? 但疑问词当主语时其结构为:疑问词+ be + 动词ing? 动词加ing的变化规则

高中英语语法总结(完整版;高中必看!)

高中英语语法总结(完整版;高中必看!) 专题一:定语从句 一、关系代词引导的定语从句 1、that 指人或物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语 which指物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语(作宾语时可以省略) who指人在从句中作主语,宾语或表语 whom指人在从句中作宾语 whose指人或物在从句中作定语 as指人或物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语 but指人或物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语 注意:指物时,whose+名词=the+名词+of which或of which+the+名词2、as 的用法 (1)常用于下列结构:such…as; so…as;the same…as; as…as 注意:the same…as 表示同一类,不同一个 the same…that 表示同一个

(2)as与which的区别 a、位置不同 as可放在主句后,主句前或主句中间;which只能放在主句后。 b、as起连接作用,表达说话人的观点、看法,并指出主句内容的根据或出处,意为“正如,正像”。 Which相当于并列句,可以用and this来代替,意为“这一点,这件事’”。 注意:as常用于下列结构:as we know/ as is known to all, as we all can see, as has been said before/above, as might be excepted, as is often the case, 一般不能用which代替as。 c、在从句中作主语时,which既可作系动词be的主语也可作实义动词的主语,而as只可作系动词be的主语。 二、只用that不用which的情况 1、.先行词为all , much, everything, nothing , something ,anything, nothing, none, the one等不定代词时 2、先行词被only, any, few, little, no , all, just , very ,right等修饰时. 3、当先行词是最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。

高中英语语法 形容词和副词比较级最高级常考点分类专项总结归纳讲解与高考真题详细练习题及答案

精品-高中英语语法通霸-4.形容词和副词比较级最高级常考点分类专项总结归纳讲解与高考真题详细 练习题及答案 第四章形容词和副词的比较等级 第1讲关于than和as 考点1. as…as与(not) as (so)…as ① 在as…as句型中,第一个as是副词,用在形容 词和副词的原级前,常译为“同样”。后面的as是连词。 He is tall.他高。 He is as tall. 他同样高。(as修饰tall,“同样”,为副词) He is as tall as his brother is(tall). 与他弟弟一样, 他是同样地高。(后面的as为连词,同……一样。) ② 只有在否定句中,第一个as才可换为so。改错:He is so tall as his brother. 答案:so改为as 1. 【1994全国】John plays football _____, if not better than, David. A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as 2. —Did you enjoy the movie last night? —Yes, I didn’t expect it _____ wonderful. A. more B. as C. most D. much 考点2. 在比较状语从句中,主句和从句的句式结构

一般是相同的与as…as句式中后一个as一样,than也是连词。as和than这两个连词后面的从句的结构与前面的句子结构相同,相同部分可以 省略。 3. —What do you think of the plan? —It’s easier said than ______. A. carried out C. carry out B. carrying out D. to carry out 4. To answer correctly is more important than ______. A. that you finish quickly B. finishing quickly C. to finish quickly D. finish quickly 考点3. 谓语的替代(参看P. 错误!未定义书签。错 误!未找到引用源。)在as和than引导的比较状语从句中,由于句式同前面主句相同,为避免重复,常把主句中出现而从句中又出现的动词用do的适当形式来代替。如: John speaks German as fluently as Mary does. 5. John gives me more help than ______. A. Tom is B. Tom has C. Tom does D. Tom gives 6. I picked more apples than you ______ yesterday. A. picked B. do C. did D. had 7. 【2007重庆】As I know, he spends at least as much time playing as he ______. A. writes B. does writing C. is writing D. does write 第2讲比较级 考点1. 可以修饰比较级的词 常用来修饰比较级的词或短语有: a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, a lot, a great deal, any, still, even等。 by far的用法:

最全的小学英语语法总结

最新最全的小学英语语法总结1.人称代词 主格: I we you she he it they 宾格: me us you her him it them 形容词性物主代词:my our your her his its their 名词性物主代词: mine ours yours hers his its theirs 2.形容词和副词的比较级 (1) 一般在形容词或副词后+er older taller longer stronger, etc (2) 多音节词前+more more interesting, etc. (3) 双写最后一个字母,再+er bigger fatter, etc. (4) 把y变i,再+er heavier, earlier (5) 不规则变化: well-better, much/many-more, etc. 3.可数词的复数形式 Most nouns + s a book –books Nouns ending in a consonant +y - y+ ies a story—stories

Nouns ending in s, sh, ch or x + es a glass—glasses a watch-watches Nouns ending in o +s or +es a piano—pianos a mango—mangoes Nouns ending in f or fe - f or fe +ves a knife –knives a shelf-shelves 4.不可数名词(单复数形式不变) bread, rice, water ,juice etc. 5. 缩略形式 I’m = I am you’re = you are she’s = she is he’s = he is it’s = it is who’s =who is can’t =can not isn’t=is not etc 6. a/an a book, a peach an egg an hour 7. Preposition: on, in ,in front of, between, next to, near, beside, at, behind. 表示时间:at six o’clock, at Christmas, at breakfast on Monday on 15th July On National Day in the evening in December in winter 8. 基数词和序数词 one – first two-second twenty-twentieth 9. Some /any I have some toys in my bedroom.

高考英语13个语法考点 英语语法归纳总结

高考英语13个语法考点英语语法归纳总结 高中英语离不开语法的学习,无论是英语口语还是英语写作,联系各个词汇之间的就是英语语法。下文小编给大家整理了高考必考的13个英语语法考点,供参考! ? ?高考英语必考的13个语法考点1、as 句型 ?(1) as引导方式状语从句句型:“按照……;正如……” ?例:As(it is)in your country, we grow wheat in the north and rice in the south.?正如(像) 你们国家一样,我们北方种植小麦,南方种植水稻。 ?(2) as+形容词/副词原级+(a /an)+名词+as ; ?否定式:not as/so --- as ?例:He is as good a player as his sister. ?他和他姐姐一样是位优秀的运动员。 ?(3) such + n. + as to do 如此……以致于…… ?例:She is such a fool as to believe what he said. ?她是一个如此的一个笨蛋以致相信了他所说的话。 ?(4) so + adj./adv. + as to do sth 如此……以致于…… ?例:He was so strong as to carry the heavy box. ?他是如此的强壮以致于能提起那重箱子。 ?(5) such...as... 象……之类的…… (接名词或定语从句) ?例:He wished to be such a man as Lei Feng was. ?他希望成为一个像雷锋这样的人。 ?(6) the same +名词+as 和……一样的…… (接名词或定语从句)

小学英语语法总结全集

小学英语语法总结全集 四大时态 一、一般现在时 一般现在时的功能: 1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。例:The sky is blue. 2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如:I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。 3.表示客观现实。如:The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。 (句中一般含有usually , often , always , sometimes , every week等) 一般现在时的构成:肯定句 1. be动词:主语+be(am, is, are)+其它。如:I am a boy.我是一个男孩。 (我用am,你用are,is 连着he she it , 单数is,复数are ) 2.行为动词:主语+行为动词(+其它)。如:We study English.我们学习英语。 (当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时,要在动词要变成V3单。 V3单的变化规则 1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks 2.以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches go-goes 3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:study-studies一般过去时 否定句:be+not ; V助+not 一般疑问句:Be / V助提前(some改为any, and改为or,第一二人称互换)二、现在进行时/正在进行时 一般现在时的功能: 表示现在正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。(句中一般含有now, look, listen.) 现在进行时的构成:肯定句 主语+ be +V-ing. 动词加ing的变化规则 1.一般情况下,直接加ing,如:cook-cooking 2.以不发音的e结尾,去e加ing,如:make-making, taste-tasting 3.如果末尾是辅音+元音+辅音字母,双写末尾的辅音,再加ing,如:run-running, stop-stopping swimming (listen除外,直接加ing) 否定句:be+not 一般疑问句:be提前(some改为any, and改为or,第一二人称互换) 三、一般将来时 概念: 表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, the day after tomorrow(后天)等。基本结构: ①主语+be going to + do/地点+其他如:I am going to go swimming tomorrow.

高考英语语法考点

高考语法考点概述 一、情态动词的考点 常用can/could句式:常用must句式:Shall /Should用法 Will—would--- used to;May/Might; Dare—dared; Need ●情态动词+不定式的完成式: 二、形容词、副词的考点 ●有关比较级和more than 用法 ●比较级表最高级---比较级与否定句连用 ●倍数表达法 ●形容词作状语表主语做某动作的原因、结果或伴随状态。 ●特殊形式的“非常”及其他 ●以- ing/-ed 结尾的形容词:加ing表“令人…的”;加ed表”感到…的” ●Rather与quite;common/usual/ ordinary/ normal/ average ; available/accessible; calm/silent/still/quiet ●多个形容词做定语排序:好美小高状其新;彩色国料特别亲。A large black steel board 三、状语从句考点before ;when ;where ;as ;since/now that; whoever. 四、定语从句考点whose;when;where;why;that;which;as 五、名词性从句考点what; that; whoever;doubt 六、非谓语动词with的复合结构;there being/to be 七、虚拟语气if; should; otherwise;but 八、时态和语态before; by;主动表被动 九、祈使句的反意问句及回答 十、反意问句I think …; must have done 十一、倒装not until;in no case;now/then ;only +状;so/such…that 十二、固定句型--- 一…就;when 表突然这时;before ;since;强调句型 十三、代词it; that;those;one; the other; another 十四、主谓一致:定从中等 十五、省略---状从中省略;to的省略;及承上省略to 后的动词 十六、动词词组及辨析 break; bring;cut;make;pick;keep;hold;catch; put; turn; call; take seat;sit---fit;suit;match----injure;hurt;wound- 十七、一词多义cover, catch ;strike;reach;follow 十八、一词多性eye; head; shoulder;face;chair;picture;sense 十九、介词beyond; under; in ; on ;with; over 二十、交际用语 高考语法考点详述 一.常用can/could句式: 1.This work is more than I can do.这个工作超出我所能做的。 2.He had run away before I could thank him.我还没来得及他,他已经跑了 3.You cannot be too careful. 你越仔细越好 4.You can’t pay enough attention to your spelling.你越注意你的拼写越好 =You can’t pay too much attention to your spelling. https://www.wendangku.net/doc/016072779.html,e here as quickly as you can.尽可能快点来= Come here as soon as possible. 6. Experiments can be very expensive.实验有时会很贵

英语高考语法知识点总结大全

英语高考语法知识点总结大全 英语语法是针对英语语言进行研究后,英语语法系统地总结归纳出来的一系列语言规则。英语高考语法知识点有哪些?下面就是给大家带来的英语高考知识点,希望能帮助到大家! 英语高考知识点1 主语从句 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较。 It 作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。 例如: It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film. It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not. It is in the morning that the murder took place. It is John that broke the window. 2. 用it 作形式主语的结构。 (1) It is +名词+从句

It is a fact that … 事实是… It is an honor that …非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that …是常识 (2) it is +形容词+从句 It is natural that… 很自然… It is strange that… 奇怪的是… (3) it is +不及物动词+从句 It seems that… 似乎… It happened that… 碰巧… (4) it +过去分词+从句 It is reported that… 据报道… It has been proved that… 已证实… 3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况。 (1) if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。 (2) It is said ,(reported) …结构中的主语从句不可提前。 例如: It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week. (right) That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. (wrong) (3) It happens…,It occurs… 结构中的主语从句不可提前。 例如: It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. (right)

相关文档
相关文档 最新文档