初中英语动词不定式用法梳理

八年级英语动词不定式用法梳理动词不定式是由“不定式符号to+动词原形”构成的一种非谓语动词结构。有些动词不定式不带to，动词不定式可以作句子的主语、表语、宾语、定语、补语、状语或单独使用。不定式保留动词的某些特性，可以有自己的宾语、状语等。动词不定式和它后面的宾语、状语等一起构成短语，叫作不定式短语。

一、用作主语

直接把动词不定式置于句首的情况不多，多数情况用it作形式主语，把真正的主语——动词不定式置于句末，特别是不定式短语较长时。动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。带疑问词的不定式短语作主语常置于句首，复合不定式结构作主语常置于句末。如：

1. I t is our duty to try our best to deal with these problems.

2.The head teacher said it was necessary to talk with his mother.

3.How to learn English well is important.

4.To see is to believe.(眼见为实；百闻不如一见)

二、用作表语

动词不定式作表语，常说明主语的内容、性质、特征。如：

1.The best way is to join an English club.

2.The first thing is to listen to the teacher carefully.

三、用作宾语

1.可以接带to的动词不定式作宾语的动词主要有：要求选择同意(ask, choose, agree)，期望决定学习(expect, hope, decide, learn)，宁可假装知道(prefer, pretend, know)，希望想要愿意(wish, want, would like / love)。如：

1)We decided to talk to some students about why they go there.

2)He prefers to eat white bread and rice.

3)Id love to visit Mexico.

2.动词decide, know, learn, show, teach, tell...，介词结构on...可用疑问词带to的不定式短语作宾语，但why后面的不定式不带to。如：

1)Could you please tell me where to park my car?

2)It gives advice on what to do in lots of different situations.

3.动词feel, find, make, think等后面，可以用it作形式宾语代替真正的宾语——动词不定式，句子结构是...feel / find / make / ... it+adj. / n.+to do...。如：

I find it difficult to remember everything.

4.既可接动词不定式又可接ving形式作宾语，意思差别不太大的动词有begin, start, like, love 等。一般说来，动词不定式表一次、数次的具体动作、将来动作或动作的全过程，ving形式表习惯性的连续动作。但是这种区别并不很严格，特别是美国英语，即使是习惯性的动作也可以用动词不定式。如：

1)Then I started to watch Tv.

2)I’m beginning to understand my parents.

begin用了进行时态，后面只接不定式作宾语，表示事情刚开始，还要继续下去。

3)I like to eat vegetables.

感知动词like, love, know等一般不用进行时态。

5.后接动词不定式或ving形式作宾语，意思差别较大的动词有forget, remember等。后接不定式作宾语，表动作尚未发生；后接ving形式作宾语，表动作已经发生。stop to do停下来做另外一件事，to do是目的状语；stop doing停止做、不做当前这件事，doing是宾语。try to do 尽力做，try doing试试看；go on to do接着做另外的事，go on doing继续做原来的事。如：

1)When I left home, I forgot to bring it with me.

2)I stopped using them last year.

四、用作定语

1.句子的主语或宾语是动词不定式的逻辑主语，不定式与其所修饰的名词、代词等存在逻辑的动宾

关系.

1)I have so many clothes to wash today.

2)I can’t think of any good advice to give her.

3)We have no houses to live in.

2.动词不定式所修饰的名词是place, time, way等时，不定式与这些名词呈现出动状关系或同位关系。如：1)He needs time to do homework.

2) He wants to know the best way to travel around the city.

3.在“there be...”句型里，句子的主语是动词不定式动作的对象：

1)There’s just so much to see and do here.

2)... but there are still many things to do there.

五、用作宾语补足语

1.带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词主要有：要求允许提议(ask, allow, , advise)，期望邀请鼓励(expect, , invite, encourage)，教导告诉想要(teach, tell, want)，等待希望愿意(wait for, wish, would like / love)。如：

1)Id invite her to have dinner at my house.

2 We should allow the children to choose their own clothes.

2.动词不定式作补语，在主动语态句里不带to，被动语态句里带to时多数动词是感官动词和使役动词，包括四“看”：look at, observe, see, watch，三“让”：have, let, make，二“听”：hear, listen to，一“感觉”：feel，一“注意”：notice。如：

1)This picture makes me feel excited！

2)We saw Liu Yu play baseball last week.

3.help后接动词不定式作补语，to可带可不带。

1) they can help you to learn English.

2)Using email English helps you write quickly.

六、用作状语

1.目的状语，置于句首或句末，置于句首时常表示强调。如：

1)In order to catch the early bus, she got up very early.

2)A group of young people got together to discuss this question.

3)She came to this city to visit her daughter.

2.原因状语，多见于“sb.+be+adj.+to do...”结构句中。如：

1) I feel very lucky to have him.

2) he ran out of money to buy old bikes.

3.结果状语，多见于“too...to”，“enough to...”结构句中。如：

1) I’m too tired to do it well.

2)The room is big enough for three people to live in.

七、动词不定式的复合结构

动词不定式的复合结构是“for / of sb. to do sth.”，for / of引出不定式动作的逻辑主语。这种结构在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。不定式复合结构的介词用for还是of，主要决定于前面形容词的性质。一般说来，of前面的形容词是careful, clever, foolish, good, kind, nice, wise等，既说明人的特性，又说明不定式动作的特性。for前面的形容词是dangerous, difficult, easy, hard, heavy, important, interesting, necessary等，一般说明不定式动作的特性，前面如果是名词用for。如：

1.It’s a good idea for parents to allow children to study in groups during the evening.

2.It’s wise of him to do it well.

3)Is it interesting for the baby to play with a pet dog?

八、带疑问词的不定式短语

动词不定式前面可以带疑问代词what, which, who或疑问副词how, when, where, why等。

这种结构起名词的作用，在句子里用作宾语、主语、表语等，或者单独使用。要注意的是，why 后面的不定式不带to。如：

1.用作句子的成分。

1)I don’t know what to try next. (作宾语)

2)Where to go is not decided yet.(作主语)

2.单独使用时相当于一个特殊疑问句。

1)What to do next?(=What will we / you do next?

2)Why go there?(=Why do we / you go there?

九、动词不定式的否定式

不定式的否定式是not / never to do...，不带to的不定式的否定式是not / never do...如：

1.They decide not to talk to each other.

2.His parents tell him never to play soccer in the street.

单项选择：

（）1. The teacher told them ________ make so much noise.

A. don’t

B. not

C. will not

D. not to

（）2. My mother often tells me _______so many mistakes.

A. not to make

B. to not make

C. do n’t make

D. not make

（）3. Tell him _______ the window.

A. to shut (关)not

B. not to shut

C. to not shut

D. not shut

（）4. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ______.

A. not to

B. not to do

C. not do it

D. do not to

（）5. Mrs Smith warned(警告) her daughter ________ after drinking.

A. never to drive

B. to never drive

C. never driving

D. never drive

（）6. The doctor asked the patient ____rich food after the operation(手术).

A. to eat not

B. eating not

C. not to eat

D. not eating

（）7. The workers want us ________ together with them.

A. work

B. working

C. to work

D. worked

（）8. I saw him _______ out of the room.

A. go

B. went

C.is going

D. goes

（）9. He often makes his little sister _____,

A. cry

B. crying

C. cried

D. to cry

（）10 There’re so many kinds of new bikes on sale that I can’t make up my mind _____ to buy.

A. what

B. which

C. how

D. where

（）11. He can’t decide ______ to stay or not.

A. whether

B. if

C. either

D. if he will

（）12. --- The light in the office is still on. --- Oh, I forgot _______.

A. turning it off

B. turn it off

C. to turn it off

D. turned it off

（）13. We agreed _________ here.

A. met

B. meeting

C. to meet

D. meet

（）14. Frank is the kind of person who people like to ________.

A. make friend with

B. make friends of

C. make friends

D. make friends with

（）15. Go on ________ the other exercise after you finishthis one.

A. to do

B. doing

C.does

D. did

（）16. She reached the top of the hill and stopped _______ on a big rock

A. rested

B. resting

C. to rest

D. rest

（）17. Tom kept quiet about the accident because he was afraid of____ his job.

A. lose

B. to lose

C. losing

D. lost

（）18. I need a day or two ________.

A. to think it over

B. to think over

C. of thinking

（）19. He was too excited _________.

A. speak

B. to speak

C. not to speak

D. speaking

（）20. I’m hungry. Get me so mething _________.

A. eat

B. to eat

C. eating

D. for eating

（）21. --- I usually go there by train.

--- Why not _______ by boat for a change ?

A. to try going

B. trying to go

C. to try and go

D. try going

（）22. I asked him to _______ me a few minutes so that we could go over all the problems.

A. spend

B. spare

C. save

D. share

（）23. They won’t let his mother _______him in that way.

A. to treat

B. treated

C. treat

D. treats

（）24. I’m sorry I forgot ______your dictionary. Let’s borrow one from Li Ming.

A. to take

B. taking

C. to bring

D. bringing

（）25. She couldn’t decide which restaurant _______.

A. to have lunch

B. to eat

C. to eat at

D. eating at

（）26. Don’t forget _________ the letter .

A. to send

B. send

C. sending

D. sent

（）27. The chair looks very old, I want a new one _________ .

A. sit

B.to sit on

C. sat

D.sit on

（）28. Is ______ necessary to return the book tomorrow ?

A. this

B. that

C. it

D. which

（）29. I’m afraid they would not allow（允许）him ________ here .

A. to smoke

B. smoking

C. smokes

D. smoke

（）30. Mother told me ________ the water before I drank it .

A. boiling

B. boiled

C. boil

D. to boil

（）31. On my way home , I stopped _______ some food .

A. buy

B. to buy

C. buying

D. bought

（）32. He made John _______ the car for a week as a punishment(惩罚) .

A. to wash

B. washing

C. wash

D.are washing （）33. He needs _______his bedroom ,because it’s too dirty.

A. clean

B. cleaning

C. to clean

D. cleaned

（）34. The first thing is __________ .

A. visit to him

B. to visit him

C. visiting him

D. visited him

（）35. Li Yang advised me _________ too much.

A. not to drink

B. to drink

C. not drinking

D. drinking

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充当宾语补足语 I persuaded him to make a speech in public. 注意：在感官动词／使役动词／help后（see, hear, watch, notice, make, have, let后不定式做宾补时，可省略“to”） I saw them have a disagreement on who should sweep the floor. （我看到了他们争论的整个过程） 但，感官动词后面也可接Ving形式，表示正在进行。 I saw them arguing about who should sweep the floor. （我看到他们正在争论谁该扫地，并不一定看到了整个过程） 充当状语（目的，原因，结果状语，其逻辑主语与句子主语一致） I wrote him a letter to further explain this matter. （目的状语） I’m sorry to bother you.（原因状语） He queued for hours at the box office only to find that the show was sold out. （结果状语，only + to find/realize/discover表示出乎意料的结果） 充当定语（不定式作定语，要放在所修饰的词的后面） I have a lot of dishes to wash. Do you have anything to say There are 3 questions to answer. 一些固定句型中不定式省略“to” had better would rather do… than do… why not do “except/but” 有“do” 无“to”，有”to”无“do” have nothing to do but do… do everything but/except have no choice but to want nothing but/except to 当两个或多个作用相同的不定式并列（and/or/than）时，通常只保留第一个不定式的“to”. He told me to stay there and wait for him. It’s easier to persuade people than force them. To try and fail is better than not to try at all. （否定式中“to”不能省略）

初中英语动词不定式用法梳理及练习题

初中英语动词不定式用法 动词不定式是由“不定式符号to+动词原形”构成的一种非谓语动词结构。有些动词不定式不带to，动词不定式可以作句子的主语、表语、宾语、定语、补语、状语或单独使用。不定式保留动词的某些特性，可以有自己的宾语、状语等。动词不定式和它后面的宾语、状语等一起构成短语，叫作不定式短语。 一、用作主语 直接把动词不定式置于句首的情况不多，多数情况用it作形式主语，把真正的主语——动词不定式置于句末，特别是不定式短语较长时。动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。带疑问词的不定式短语作主语常置于句首，复合不定式结构作主语常置于句末。如： 1. I t is our duty to try our best to deal with these problems. ' head teacher said it was necessary to talk with his mother. to learn English well is important. see is to believe.(眼见为实；百闻不如一见) 二、用作表语 动词不定式作表语，常说明主语的内容、性质、特征。如： | best way is to join an English club. first thing is to listen to the teacher carefully. 三、用作宾语 1.可以接带to的动词不定式作宾语的动词主要有：要求选择同意(ask, choose, agree)，期望决定学习(expect, hope, decide, learn)，宁可假装知道(prefer, pretend, know)，希望想要愿意(wish, want, would like / love)。如： 1)We decided to talk to some students about why they go there. ~ 2)He prefers to eat white bread and rice. 3)Id love to visit Mexico. 2.动词decide, know, learn, show, teach, tell...，介词结构on...可用疑问词带to的不定式短语作宾语，但why后面的不定式不带to。如： 1)Could you please tell me where to park my car 2)It gives advice on what to do in lots of different situations. ： 3.动词feel, find, make, think等后面，可以用it作形式宾语代替真正的宾语——动词不定式，句子结构是...feel / find / make / ... it+adj. / n.+to do...。如： I find it difficult to remember everything. 4.既可接动词不定式又可接ving形式作宾语，意思差别不太大的动词有begin, start, like, love等。一般说来，动词不定式表一次、数次的具体动作、将来动作或动作的全过程，ving形式表习惯性的连续动作。但是这种区别并不很严格，特别是美国英语，即使是习惯性的动作也可以用动词不定式。如： 1) Then I started to watch Tv. 2) I am beginning to understand my parents. .

(完整版)初中英语感官动词的用法

初中英语感官动词的用法 一、感官动词 1、感官动词(及物动词)有：see/notice/look at/watch/observe/listen to/hear/feel(Vt)/taste(Vt)/smell(Vt) 2、连缀动词(含感官不及物动词) ： be/get/become/feel/look/sound/smell/taste/keep/stay/seem/ appear/grow/turn/prove/remain/go/run 二、具体用法： 1、see, hear, smell, taste, feel,这五个动词均可作连系动词，后面接形容词作表语，说明主语所处的状态。其意思分别为"看/听/闻/尝/摸起来……"。除look之外，其它几个动词的主语往往是物，而不是人。 例如：These flowers smell very sweet.这些花闻起来很香。 The tomatoes feel very soft.这些西红柿摸起来很软。 2、这些动词后面也可接介词like短语，like后面常用名词。 例如：Her idea sounds like fun.她的主意听起来很有趣。 3、这五个感官动词也可作实义动词,除look(当"看起来……"讲时)只能作不及物动词外,其余四个既可作及物动词也可作不及物动词,此时作为实义动词讲时其主语一般为人。 例如:She smelt the meat.她闻了闻那块肉。 I felt in my pocket for cigarettes.我用手在口袋里摸香烟。 4、taste, smell作不及物动词时,可用于"taste / smell + of +名词"结构,意为"有……味道/气味"。 例如:The air in the room smells of earth.房间里的空气有股泥土味。 5、它们(sound除外)可以直接作名词,与have或take构成短语。 例如：May I have a taste of the mooncakes?我可以尝一口这月饼吗?taste有品位、味道的意思。 例如：I don’t like the taste of the garlic. 我不喜欢大蒜的味道。 She dresses in poor taste.她穿着没有品位。 look有外观，特色的意思，例：The place has a European look.此地具有欧洲特色。 feel有感觉，感受的意思，watch有手表，观察的意思。例：My watch is expensive.我的手表很贵。 6、其中look, sound, feel还能构成"look / sound / feel + as if +从句"结构，意为"看起来/听起来/感觉好像……"。 例如：It looks as if our class is going to win.看来我们班好像要获胜了。 7、感官动词+do与+doing的区别： see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel + do 表示动作的完整性，真实性;+doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性。 I saw him work in the garden yesterday. 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实) I saw him working in the garden yesterday.昨天我见他正在花园里干活。(强调"我见他正干活"这个动作)