人教新课标必修三unit4学案.doc

Unit 4 Astronomy : the science the stars

I .写出下列必考单词

1.大气层n .

2.乘，增加v .

3.人造卫星n .

4.不同，不像prep .

5.气候n . _____

6.地心引力；重力n .

7.理论n . ____________

8.碰撞，坠落v .

9.宇宙飞船n .

10.拉力，拖，牵引力n.&v .

11.基本的，基础的adj .

12.链子，锁链n .

13.天文学n .

]4.原子n .

II.写出下列单词的变化形式

1.系统（n .）；系统的（adj .）

2.球体，地球（n .）；全球性的（adj .）

3.猛烈的（adj .）"暴力（n .）；猛烈地（adv .）

4.生存（v .）；生存（n .）

5.物理学家（n .）；物理（n .）；身体的（adj .）

6.生物学（n .）；生物学家（n .）

7.宗教（n.）；宗教的（adj.）

8.原子（n.）；原子的（adj.）

?活学活用

用所给单词的适当形式填空。

1.The treatment they gave him did him more than good, though the doctor insisted it was ___________ .（harm）

2.Air everywhere and its makes it possible for us to live on. （exist）

3.He is very.For example, the lifting device he made is a of ropes and pulleys, （system）

4.A tour means traveling all around the. （globe）

5.The use of against the attackers led to more clashes, （violently）

6.She was a woman who wouldn, t hurt an ant. （gently）

III.翻译下列必背短语

1.及时，终于_______________

2.下蛋 ______________

3.高兴，振奋_______________

4.产生，分娩_______________

5.轮到某人_______________

6.爆发 ______________

7.阻止 ______________

8.既然 ______________

9.以......为起点_______________

10.四面八方_______

11 .冷却_______________

12.掌握......的技巧/诀窍

13.在表面___________________

14.密切注视，当心

?活学活用

根据括号中的解释，用适当的短语完成句子。

1.We got to Washington(sufficiently early so as not to be late) for the cherry blossoms.

2.He(filled with gladness, hope) at the thought of seeing his girl friend again.

3.When you this new machine, it will help you a lot. (know the skill of)

4.!(be on one, s guard; keep looking out for possible trouble) There, s a car coming!

5.SARS in 2002 and quite a few people died of it. (happen suddenly)

6.Marx, s ideas(produce young) communism.

7.Your prompt action(stop or hinder sb./sth.) a serious accident.

IV.单元重点动词

multiply exist prevent puzzle block crash cheer float exhaust watch ?活学活用

用上述动词的适当形式填空。

1.very fast, rabbits soon became the largest family of all the animals in this woods.

2.at the result, he stood there, not knowing what to do

3. There is no need yourself clearing up—we, 11 do it ourselves.

4.Does life on other planets?

5.Many roads after today, s heavy snow, so you, d better not go out.

6.It was reported that a plane soon after it took off, causing 10 deaths.

VI.语篇领悟

根据课文How Life began on the Earth完成下列短文

At the very beginning, the earth was just a cloud of

(1)(energy) dust. Then the dust combined (2) a ball moving around the sun. After that, it exploded loudly with fire and rock, (3) (produce) water vapour, carbon dioxide and other gases, (4) in the end made the earth, s atmosphere. Then the earth (5) down, and water, one of the earth, s special (6) ， appeared and stayed on the earth, which made (7) possible for life to begin (8)

(develop). Some small plants (9) (grow) in the water appeared on the earth, s surface, (10) (follow) by landanimals, (11) insects, amphibians, reptiles and the (12) important animals called dinosaurs until finally dinosaurs disappeared (13) of a sudden and some small clever animals with hands and feet appeared and spread all (14) the earth and in place of dinosaurs they became (15) most important animals on the planet一that is, human beings.

重点语汇

Lit exploded loudly with fire and rock.(P25) 地球猛烈爆炸起火，并喷涌出岩石。

?词语辨析

loud； loudly； aloud

(1)loud可用作形容词、副词，表''大声地”，与sing, speak, talk, cry, laugh连用。

(2)loudly副词，大声地，暗含"喧闹地''意思，与explode, shout连用。

(3)aloud副词。意为“出声地”，与read, think连用。如：read aloud(朗读),think aloud(自言自语) ?即学

即练

用loud； loudly； aloud 填空。

(1)Sing, please.

(2)The bomb exploded near the hotel.

(3)The kids playing on the playground often laugh and long.

2.They multiplied and filled the oceans and seas with oxygen, which encouraged the later development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish.(P26)

他们繁殖起来就使得早期的海洋充满了氧气，这为早期的贝类及其各种鱼类的发育进一步创造了条件。

?词语归纳

encourage sb.to do sth.鼓励某人做，怂恿某人做

urge sb.to do sth.鼓励某人做，怂恿某人做

urge sb.into doing sth.鼓励某人做，怂恿某人做

?即学即练

(1)父亲总是鼓励我学好英语。

(2)老师鼓励我报名参加演讲比赛。

3.Before we left, Li Yanping explained to me that the force of gravity would change three times on our journey... (P30)

在启程以前，李彦平向我解释说，在我们的航行中会有三次引力的改变。

注意下列句中force的意思。

(1)We forced the door open and arrested the two murderers.(强迫，强彳亍)

(2)The force of gravity is really mysterious.(力量)

(3)When he was only seventeen, he joined the forces to defend his country』军队)

(4)As most men suffered from this strange disease, the majority of the labour forces in this village were women and children.(劳动力)

?词语归纳

force open 强行打开by force 依靠武力force sb.to do sth.迫使...... 做come into force(法律)实施force sb.into doing sth.迫使... 做in force大批的force one, s way强行前进或进入

force sth.on sb.把 .. 强加于....

?即学即练

选用上述词组完成下列小片段。

It was reported that two peasant workers( 1) (被迫)work 14 hours a day but with little money. One of them couldn, t stand it and one of them(2)(强行前进或进入)the boss, s house and killed him. The other(3) (强

迫)a bank clerk(4) (hand) in the money.

....I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.(P31)

我发现我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍。as far as后省了I was carried,表示“(在飞船上) 步子的跨度是在地球上的两倍。”

?句型归纳

表达倍数的句型最常用的有三个：

(1)A+动词+倍数+比较级+than B

A比B长/宽/高/重.....?倍。

(2)A+动词+倍数+as+原级+as B

A是B的......倍。

(3)A+动词+倍数+the+相应名词+ofB

A是B的......倍。

温馨提示：

句型(3)中的相应各问指

长、宽、高、深、重、大小等形容词的相应名词。

如：long—length, wide—width, high—height, deep—depth, weighty—weight, large—size.例如:

I,II pay back twice the amount what I boiTOw from you.我将还给你我所借你钱的两倍。

?即学即练

A.将下列句子译成英语。

(1)地球大概是月亮的四十九倍。

(2)线段A是线段B的两倍。

?词语拓展

as far as远达，远至as long as长达(还有"只耍'的意思)as many as多达

as tall as 高达as deep as 深达as heavy as 重达

as/so far as L m concerned 就我而言as/so far as I know 据我所知

?即学即练

B.选用上述词组完成句子。

(1)John is the tallest boy in the class,five foot eight according to himself.

(2)After supper she would sit down by the fire, sometimes for an hour, thinking of her young

and happy days.

(3)—How far apart do they live?

—, they live in the same neighbourhood.

(4)I know the money is safe, I shall not worry about it.

(5), you can do whatever you like.

5.1 cheered up immediately and floated weightlessly around in our spaceship.(P30)

我高兴起来，由于失重，我在太空船舱里飘来飘去。

注意下列句中cheer的意思。

(1)The good news cheered the family.(使高兴，欢呼，为 ... 喝彩)

(2)See you tomorrow, then cheers. ((□语〉谢谢，干杯，再见)

短语归纳

cheer叩高兴起来，振奋起来

cheer sb.叩(使)充满欢喜、希望、鼓舞

(1)Let, s go to the playground and cheer for our players.

咱们去操场为我们的队员加油吧。

(2)Cheer up! Our troubles will soon be over!

振作起来！我们的困难很快就会过去的。

vn.考点活用

用本单元所学词组、句型翻译下列短文

火星上有生命吗？不知道。我们能登陆火星吗？这完全取决于科学技术的发展。人类对火星有了一些了解：火星上没有氧气，火星上中午的温度可能在50度左右，而晚上则在零下100度左右了。这样我们就不能在那里生活。既然火星与地球完全不同，如果我们计划有朝一日去火星的话，我们就要带上氧气，食品，衣服和住的地方(shelter)。但可以肯定，人类迟早会登陆火星的。

相关联系

I.单词拼写

1.Anything that is dropped falls towards the ground because of the force of(弓I 力).

2.The little child gave a strong（fe）at the rope but the sheep didn't move forward at all.

3.The water in the harbor was not deep enough to（浮动）such a big ship.

4.He is one of the（生物学家）who have advanced a new theory of life.

5.The（气候）of southern Florida attracts thousands of tourists each winter.

II.完成句子

1.既然你长大了，就不应该依靠你的父母了o （now that）

_______________________________________________ , you should not depend on your parents.

2.你知道第二次世界大战是何时爆发的吗？（break out）

Do you know when the Second World War?

3.我们现在生活在所谓的信息时代。（what）

We now live in the Information Age.

4.他力图解最难的题目以显示他的聪明。（workout）

He tried to show his intelligence by working out as possible.

5.这个计划将被阻止实施。（prevent...from）

_______________________________________________ being carried out.

Ill.情景交际

1.（2009 年高考天津卷）一Putting on a happy face not only helps us make friends but also makes us feel better.

A.I'd love to

B. I'm with you on that

C. It's up to you

D. It's my pleasure

2.（2009 年高考江苏卷）一Bill, can I get you anything to drink?

A. You are welcome

B. No problem

C. I wouldn't mind a coffee

D. Doesn't matter

3.（2009 年高考山东卷）一John and I will celebrate our fortieth wedding anniversary next month. —Oh, !

A. cheer up

B. well done

C. go ahead

D. congratulations

4.（2009年高考天津卷）一We，re organizing a party next Saturday, and I'd like you to come.

—! I have another one that day. Thank you just the same.

A. Good luck B< What a pityC. Never do it again D. Well done

IV.语法专练

本单元语法——主语从句

1.young people see and hear in the media helps them to figure out how the world works.

A. Which

B. That

C. What

D. How

2.（2010 年郑州一中月考）you don't like him is none of my business.

A. What

B. If

C. That

D. Whether

3.（2009 年安徽皖南八校联考）一Mary looks down today.What is up?

—Well, happened between Mary and me is none of your business.

A. wherever

B. whoever

C. whatever

D. no matter what

4.（2010 年临川一中期中测试）medicine works in a human body is a question not everyone

can understand fully.

A. How; that

B. That； which

C. What； which

D. What； that

5.Obama was elected president of the USA is a big success for the blacks in America.

A.不填

B. That

C. What

D. As

I .单项填空

1.（2008 年高考湖北卷）The top leaders of the two countries are holding talks in a friendly.

A. atmosphere

B. state

C. situation

D. phenomenon

2.一How long are you staying?

—I don't know..

A. That's OK

B. Never mind

C. It depends

D. It doesn't matter

3.Their mother dinner at the kitchen when a quarrel among the children.

A. was preparing； was broken out

B. prepared； was broken out

C . was prepari ng ； broke out D. prepared ； broke out

4.This kind of social phenomenon could exist only for a few months, and it will disappear

A. in no time

B. on the time

C. at a time D? at one time

5.The car bums more fuel, but all things into consideration, it's still a good car.

A. taken

B. having taken

C. taking

D. to take

6.Press the button when the light goes on—you will soon it.

A . watch out for B. get the hang of C. get rid of D . get away with

7.The harm the modem farming methods have done the countryside is considerable.

A. on B- to C. at D. for

8-He didn't make clear when and where the meeting would be held.

A. this

B. that

C. it

D. these

9. You'd better take something to read when you go to see the doctor you have to wait.

A. even if

B. as if C- in case D. in order that 10- While in university, we were offered a number of after school activities to our social skills.

A. create

B. grow

C. develop

D. settle

II .完形填空

（2009 年日照二模）1 was on my lunch break in the city, enjoying a salad at an outdoor cafe, when a shabby homeless lady came walking towards me. She was yelling and_1_ everyone who walked past her for spare_2_and she looked like a mess. My_3_reaction was fear... to close off and hope she didn't come near me, but she did. I was on the phone and when she_4—yelling, I said, 'Tm on the phone, "in the nicest way I could, assuring myself what she needed was a lesson in_5—. She walked away, mumbling（自言自语），“I'm _6_ you.I'm sorry, I'm sorry. TH leave.^And she turned the corner.

_7_, I would feel relieved or satisfied, but something in me couldn't _8_. Without another thought, I looked in my_9_for the spare change I had. Even I started searching through my entire purse, the pockets, everything—for all of the change I could_10— find to give.

I got up and walked towards this lady and gave her all I _11—. She held my hand and said, “Thank you! "Her hand was_12_and dirty, but I didn't mind_13_her hand. 1 wanted to be there for her for some reason, when normally I would_14_the other way. She looked at me and saicL “Will you touch my face? "And for some reason, I did. I put my hand on her cheek and she started to _15_. I could _16—it was as if she had not been touched by a loving, soft hand in ages, —17—, and so I held it there, trying to_18—her with my heart open.It was powerful.

She thanked me and walked away quietly. And I walked away with an open heart, trying to_19_ sense of what had just happened. It changed something in me and has made me want to be a _20_ person to the people I meet during my day.

1. A.greeting B. praising C. applying D. begging

2. A.change B. room C. clothes D. food

3. https://www.wendangku.net/doc/078465495.html,ual B. instant C. last D. general

4 . A.came across B ? came out C . came over D. came through

5. A.attitude B. trouble C. practice D. manners

A.calling

B. hurting

C. annoying

A.Fortunately

B. Normally

C. A.rest

B. appear

C. enjoy A.car B. A.necessarily

A.earned

A.soft

A.washing

A.lead

A.cry A.expect 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.

16. 17. A.if necessary A.persuade

A.take

A.kinder table C. wallet

B. possibly

C. B. searched C. B. rough C. large B. waving C. B. set C. turn B. laugh C. yell

D. Luckily D. exist D. seat

deliberately

found D. wiping D. show D. shout D. D.

abusing D. Unfortunately

D. certainly made

neat D. holding

18. 19. 20.

B. sense

C. know B. if any C. if so B ? comfort C. entertain B. get C. catch

D. make B- richerC- wiser D. happier

learn D. if ever

D. amuse

阅读理解

Last weekend,

Emma ZeigerJO, rode her bike ten miles in the pouring rain at the first annual Newton

Needham

Pan Massachusetts Challenge(PMC)Kids Ride. Nothing, not even bad weather, could stop her from making a difference.

This June, Emma and thousands of other kids across the Northeast participated in nearly 30 PMC Kids Rides. PMC Kids Rides raise money for the Dana Farber Cancer Institute through the Jimmy Fund. Created ten years ago by Ryan Wilkinson 』7, and his sister Hattie, 15, the rides are a more kid friendly version of the annual Pan Massachusetts Challenge.

The Wilkinson family first got the idea to create a PMC Kids Ride in 1998 when Ryan, then 7, wanted to ride in the Pan Massachusetts Challenge.

Ryan and Hattie's grandmother had been diagnosed with a brain tumor (月中瘤).“We were exp eriencing cancer for the first time, "Ryan said, "So that was on my mind when I said I wanted to ride.^Unfortunately, PMC participants have to be at least 15 years old to ride. Ryan was only seven. So, the Wilkinson family decided to start a children's version of the PMC.

In just a couple of weeks, the Wilkinsons organized the Wildwood Challenge, the very first Pan Massachusetts Challenge Kids Ride. Thirteen kids rode around a neighborhood block 25 times. They raised $1,600 for cancer research. On June 21, Ryan and Hattie will celebrate the eleventh annual Wildwood PMC Kids Ride.

Since 1998, PMC Kids Rides have grown significantly. Every year, more and more kids participate. To raise money, kids do extra chores, babysit, host car washes, and send out letters asking for donations.^Every penny counts, "Hattie Wilkinson explains/'AH of the money goes to a good cause. It's really great to be able to ride for people with cancer and to represent them and raise money for them."Since 1998, the Pan Massachusetts Kids Rides have raised more than $1 million for cancer research and treatment. 1. Why did Emma ride her bike ten miles in the pouring rain? A. She did that for her grandmother.

B . She did that for the sake of her health. C. She did that for people with cancer. D. She was asked to do so by her parents.

2. When Ryan Wilkinson started PMC Kids Rides, he was only.

A- seventeen years old B. fifteen years oldC. five years old D. seven years old 3. The idea of creating a PMC Kids Ride was inspired by.

A. Ryan's sister Hattie

B. kids who suffer from cancer

C. the person who is responsible for PMC

D. Ryan's grandmother's diagnosis of cancer

4.We can learn from the passage that.

A.the first PMC Kids Ride was held in 1999

B.besides riding the bike, kids do other things to raise money

C.PMC Kids Rides have raised more than $ 1 billion so far

D.most of the money raised was used for cancer research

B3U4答案

I atmosphere multiply satellite unlike climate gravity theory crash spaceship pull fundamental chain astronomy atom

II system systematic globe global violent violence violently exist existence physicist physics physical biology biologist religion religious atom atomic

活学活用答案：l.harm； harmless 2.exists； existence

3.systematic， system

4.global； globe

5.violence； violent

6.gentle

III in time lay eggs cheer up give birth to in one's turn break out prevent from now that begin with in all direction 活学活用答案：l.in time 2.cheered up 3.get the hang of

4.Watch out

5.broke out

6.gave birth to

7.prevente

重点单词答案：1 .Multiplying 2.Puzzled： puzzling 3.to exhaust 4.exist 5.are blocked 6.crashed

VI课文领悟

答案：1 .energetic 2.into 3.producing 4.which 5.cooled 6.qualities 7.it 8.to develop

9.growing lO.followed 1 l.including/like 12.most 13.all 14.over 15.the

重点语汇

1答案：(1) louder (2)loudly (3)loud

2答案：(1) Father always encouraged me to learn English well.

(2 ) My teacher urged me to enter for the speaking/ speech competition.

3. 答案：(l)were forced to (2)forced his way into (3)forced (4)into handing

4答案：

(1)The earth is about 49 times bigger than the moon.

The earth is about 49 times as big as the moon.

The earth is about 49 times the size of the moon.

(2)Line A is twice as long as Line B.

Line A is twice the length of Line B.

答案:B.(l)as tall as (2)as long as (3)As far as I know (4)As long as (5)As far as I, m concerned 写作答案:Is there life on Mars? We don, t know. Can we land on Mars? It all depends on the development of science and technology. Man has known a little about Mars. There is almost no oxygen on Mars. It might be about 50 degrees above zero at noon and 100 degrees below zero at night, which prevents us from living there. Now that Mars are quite different from our earth, if we are to go to Mars one day, we should have to take along our own oxygen, food, clothing and shelter. But it is certain that man will land on Mars in time.

I单词拼写gravity pull float biologist climate

II完成句子now that you have grown up broke out as difficult a problem This plan will be prevent form

情景交际

B C D A 语法CCCAB 联系ACCAC BBCCC

解题导语】现代社会人们看不起穷人，总是尽量避开他们。本文作者通过自己的亲身经历告诉我们，穷

人也有自尊，也希望被人尊重。

1.解析：选Do从上句"a shabby homeless lady came walk ing towards me”可知，她在向路过的人讨钱。D. 乞求。A.打招呼；B.表扬；C.申请。

2.解析：选A。从第二段第二句“...for the spare change 1 had”可知，她在向路人乞讨钱。

3.解析：选B。从前文可知，她看上去很避遢，可知“我”当即的反应就是害怕。A.往常的；B.当即的；C. 最后的；D.总的。故选B。

4.解析：选C。从上句"...hope she didn't come near me, but she did.”可知"我”在打电话她正喊着朝这边(came over)走来。

5.解析：选D。“我”在打电话，她还叫着向我讨钱，说明“我”想给她在礼貌上(manners)上--课。A.态度；B.麻烦；C.惯例，练习。只有manners符合语境。

6.解析：选C。从下文"I'm sorry, I，m sorryTll leave”可知，她说："我打搅(annoying)你了”。

7.解析：选B。根据句意可知正常的说，“我”应该感到放松，满意。A项与C项均表示幸运的是；D项表示不幸的是。

8.解析：选A。根据but可知“我”内心的某些想法使“我”久久不能平静(rest)o B.出现；C.喜欢；D.存在。

9.解析：选C。从下文“I started searching through my entire purse, ...”门J知“我”没有考虑就到钱包(wallet) 里找零钱。

10.解析：选B。“我”把身上能找到的(possibly)所有零钱都给了她。A.必要地;C.故意地；D.当然。

11.解析：选C。从上文“我'我遍了身上的零钱可知“我”追上了老人把“我”所找到(found)的零钱都给了她。

A、D两项均表示赚(钱)，B项表示搜身。

12.解析：选B。从上文“She held my hand...”可知“我”可以感到她的手是粗糙的(rough),从下文dirty也可以得到暗示。

13.解析：选D° but表示转折，可知“我”并不介意她握住(holding)“我”的手。A.洗；B.挥手；C.擦手。

14.解析：选C。从前文“由于某个原因我现在想和她在一起”可判断“我”本来是想走(turn)另一条路避开她的。

15解析：选A。从前文“Will you touch my face? ... I did.”可知老人是哭T(cry),因为在此之前人们看到像她这样的人就避开，而“我”却满足了她的要求。

16.解析：选B。“我”能感觉到(sense)她好像是很长时间没有被人关爱了。A.期望；C.知道；D.学会。

17.解析：选D。从上文可知她简直很少被关注o if necessary表示如果必要的话；if ever表示如果这样的话。

18.解析：选B。"我”握住她的手，想要安慰(comfort)她。persuade说服；entertain娱乐；amuse取悦。

19.解析：选D。“我”带着放松的心情走了，尽力地理解刚才发生的事情。make sense of理解，明白。

20.解析：选A-我想成为对别人更友好(kinder)的人。【解题导语】孩子们用自己的行动来帮助那些患

有癌症的人。

1.解析：选C。细节理解题。由第一段的Nothing...could stop her from making a difference以及第二段的PMC Kids Rides raise money for the Dana Farber Cancer Institute W知，Emma 在大雨中骑自行车是为了帮助那些患有癌症的人。

2.解析：选D。细节理解题。第二段谈到PMC Kids Rides是由Ryan Wilkinson在10年前创立的，他现在17岁，故他创立PMC Kids Rides的时■候，只有7岁。

3.解析：选D。细节理解题。由第三段和第四段可知，Ryan的祖母被诊断出癌症，Ryan想参加PMC, 然而，要参加PMC,年龄需在15岁以上，而当时Ryan只有七岁，所以Ryan萌发了创立儿童版PMC的想法。

4.解析：选B。细节判断题。由最后一段可知，为了筹钱，孩子们除了骑自行车还做其他的事情。

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