初三英语定语从句用法详解

定语从句的用法

一、定语从句的概念

在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。(尤其是限制性定语从句)

（定语在汉语中常用……的表示。它主要由形容词担任，此外，名词，代词，数词，分词，副词，不定式以及介词短语也可

以来担任，也可以有一个句子来担任。单词做定语是通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。短语和从句做定语是则放在所

修饰的词之后，做后置定语。）

二、定语从句的关系词

引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that, which, who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包括where, when, why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定

语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。

三、定语从句的分类

根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。

1. 限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去

2.非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。

四、关系代词的用法

1. that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。

Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作主语)

The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that作宾语)

2.which用于指物

The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼

是一家超市。(作主语)

The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(作宾语)

3.who, whom用于指人

The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女

孩是英国人。(作主语)

Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to? 正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(作宾语)

注意：whom 在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。

4 whose用于指人，也可以用于指物（相当于of which 注明:whose=the+物/人+of which/whom ）

Do you like the book whose color is yellow?

Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?

I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in .

I once lived in the house ,the roof of which has fallen in .

5.关系词的区别

（1）关系词只能用that的情况:

a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时

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1. 在含有主语从句的复合句中, 为保持句子平衡, 常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语从句置于句末. It's well-known that water is indispensable to life.(形式主语) 2. 为保持句子平衡, that引导的宾语从句也常用it代替, 而将真正的宾语从句置于主句句末。这常常出现在主句有形容词或分词作宾语补足语的情况下。 He made it quite clear that he preferred to live here. 3. 从属连词whether和if都作“是否…”解, 但if不可引导主语从句和表语 从句。whether可与or(not)连用, 而if不可以。 I don't know whether (if) she is at home. Whether she comes or not makes no difference. 4. that和what引导名词性从句的区别: that在从句中不充当成分,而what在从句中充当一定的成分, 如主语、表语、宾语等。that可省略, what则不可省。 He always means what he says. She suggested (that) he do it at once. 5. 同位语从句大多由从属连词that引导, 常跟在下列名词后面, 如fact, idea, opinion, news, hope, belief等, that不可省。同位语从句一般用来解释说明这些名词的具体含义和内容。 We are familiar with the idea that all matter consists of atoms. The news that we are invited to the conference is very encouraging.

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