英语定语从句用法总结

英语定语从句用法总结

定语从句，一个简单句跟在一名词或代词后关系代词的用法：1. 作主语用who, which和that, 如：

He is the man who/that lives next door.

The train which/that has just left is for Shenzhen.

2. 作宾语用whom, who, which, that, 如：

The man we have just seen is a famous writer.

Where is the book I bought last week?

注：在非正式文体中，用于指人的关系代词who whom, that 通常可以省略，但在正式文体中通常用whom, 不可省略;用于指物的关系代词which和that 在非正式文体中也通常省略，但在正式文体中一般不省略。

3. 作定语用whose, 如：

It was a meeting whose importance I did not realize at that time.

注：“whose +名词中心词”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语

He’s written a book the name of which I’ve completely forgotten.

4. 作表语只用that ，它既可以指人，也可以指物，但时常省略。如：

He is no longer the man that he used to be.

This is no longer the dirty place we met yesterday. 3. why指原因或理由，它的先行词只有reason。如：

That is the reason why he is leaving so soon.

注：why时常也可以省略。如：

That is the real reason he did it.

+ which;

where = in he arrived.

The office where he works is on the third floor.

This is the chief reason why we did it.

2. 当先行词是表时间的time, day等和表地点的place, house等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构，如果缺少主语或

宾语时，关系词应该用which或that, 缺少时间状语或地点

状语时，才能用when或where，试比较：

I’ll never forget the day when my hometown was liberated.

I’ll never forget the days which/that we spent together last summer.

His father works in a factory where radio parts are made. His father works in a factory which/that makes radio parts.

3. when和where既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导

非限制性定语从句。而why 只

能引导限制性定语从句。

三.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句

1.限制性定语从句说明先行词的情况，对先行词起限定作用，与先行词关系十分密切，不可用逗号隔开，也不可省略，否

则全句意义就不完整。如：

This is the telegram which he refers to.

Is there anything

His brother who is a PLA man is eighteen years old. as 引导的从句可以放在主句之前，而which引导的从句只能放在主句之后。

They are hollow, which makes them very light.

As is known to all, Taiwan is a part of China.

如果定语从句的内容对主句的内容起消极作用，则用which，而不用as，如：

She stole her friend’s money, which was disgraceful. He tore up my photo, which upset me.

5.在正式文体中，以the way为先行词的限制性定语从句通常以in which或that 引导，如：

The way in which you answered the questions was admirable.

但在非正式文体中，人们通常省略in which或that :

The way he spoke to us was suspicious.

I don’t like the way 指人，which指物，它们都不能用that代替。

2. 关系代词作介词宾语，不论是在限制性定语从句中，还是在非限制性定语从句中，当介词前置时，只能用whom指人，which指物;但如果介词后置，则不受这种限制，关系代词还可以省去，特别是在口语中。如：

Do you know the boy to whom she was talking?

Do you know the boy he was writing with suddenly broke.

3. 在限制性定语从句中，当先行词指物时，关系词可用which或that，二者常可以互换;但在下列情况中，只能用that，不用which：

当先行词被all, any no, much, little, few, every等限定词所修饰时。如：

We heard clearly every word that he said.

当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级所修饰，以及先行词被序数词和形容

词最高级同时修饰时，如：

Is that the best that you can do?

That’s the most expensive hotel that we’ve ever stayed in.

This novel is the second best one that I have ever read. 当先行词为指人和指物的两个并列名词词组时。如：

The guests spoke highly of the children and their performances that they saw at the Children’s Palace. She described in her compositions the people and places that impressed her most.

或that，二者常可互换。

但在下列情况中，用who

当先行词有较长的后置定语修饰时。如：

Do you know the writer in blue with thick glasses who is speaking at the meeting?

。如：

A new master will came tomorrow who will teach you German.

There’s only one student in the school who that I live in.

Shall we meet at the same place that we last met?

= Shall we meet at the same place that / as we last met at?

7. 当先行词前有such, so, as时，关系词应当用as。如：

A wise man seldom talks about such things as he doesn’t understand.

He spoke in such easy English as everybody could understand.

At this time of the day, all buses and trolleys have to carry as many passengers as they can.

It is so easy a book as every schoolboy can read. Let’s discuss such things as we can talk of freely.

五.练习题

1. Don’t talk about such things of __________ you are not sure.

A. which

B. what

C. as

D. those

2. Is this the factory __________ you visited the other day?

A. that

B. where

C. in which

D. the one

3. Is this factory __________ some foreign friends visited last Friday?

A. that

B. where

C. which

D. the one

4. Is this the factory __________ he worked ten years ago?

A. that

B. where

C. which

D. the one

5. The wolves hid themselves in the places __________ couldn’t be found.

A. that

B. where

C. in which

D. in that

6. The freezing point is the temperature __________ water changes into ice.

A. at which

B. on that

C. in which

D. of what

7. This book will show you __________ can be used in other contexts..

A. how you have observed

B. what you have observed

C. that you have observed

D. how that you have observed

8. The reason is __________ he is unable to operate the machine.

A. because

B. why

C. that

D. whether

9. I’ll tell you __________ he told me last week.

A. all which

B. that

C. all that

D. which

10. That tree, __________ branches are almost bare, is very old.

A. whose

B. of which

C. in which

D. on which

11. I have bought the same dress __________ she is wearing.

A. as

B. that

C. which

D. what

12. He failed in the examination, __________ made his father very angry.

A. which

B. it

C. that

D. what

13. We’re talking about the piano and the pianist __________ were in the concert we attended last night.

A. which

B. whom

C. who

D. that

14. The girl __________ an English song in the next room is Tom’s sister.

A. who is singing

B. is singing

C. sang

D. was singing

15. Those __________ not only from books but also through practice will succeed.

A. learn

B. who

C. that learns

D. who learn

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