定语从句翻译技巧精编版
定语从句翻译技巧公司内部编号：（GOOD-TMMT-MMUT-UUPTY-UUYY-DTTI-
定语从句翻译技巧
在英语中, 定语从句很常见, 翻译时如不进行仔细分析就会出现误译。通过实例对定语从句的翻译技巧做一探讨, 并将这些翻译技巧赋予理论概念, 即定语从句定语化, 定语从句谓语化, 定语从句状语化。在把汉语翻译成带有定语从句的英语时，中国学生常常会受到母语的影响会出现误译。因此我们要对比英汉两种语言，以便避免汉语的负迁移。
一英译汉时定语从句翻译中的易错点
英语中的定语从句是在句中起形容词作用的结构, 通常分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两大类。进行英译汉翻译时如不进行仔细分析，就会造成误译。比如，下面两个句子仅有一个逗号之差，含义却不同：
His brother who is a soldier is eighteen years old now.
His brother, who is a soldier, is eighteen years old now.
第一句应译为：他那个当兵的哥哥今年十八岁了。（含义为：他不止一个哥哥。句中的限制性定语从句起到限定的作用。）
第二句应译为：他的哥哥今年十八岁了，他在当兵。（含义为：他只有一个哥哥。句中的非限制性定语从句起到补充说明的作用。）
定语从句在英语中大量出现, 它有长有短, 结构有简有繁, 对先行词的限制有强有弱, 定语从句有时起着补充说明和分层叙述的作用, 或在逻辑上表示原因、目的、条件, 让步和结果等意义。在语序上, 英文定语从句置于先行词之后.。所以汉译时必须正确体会原文的逻辑概念, 合理安排译文的语序。
二英译汉时定语从句的翻译方法
英语定语从句虽然种类繁多, 变化复杂, 但一般均可以用以下三种方法翻译。
1 定语从句定语化
限制性定语从句往往要译成前置定语结构, 翻译成带“的”的定语词组, 这是因为它与所修饰的词关系甚密, 若分开译会影响主句意思的完整。也有一些非限制性定语从句, 或因结构短小, 或因与被修饰词关系较密切, 或因拆译后会造成译文结构松散, 在这种情况下, 可以译成前置定语结构。
限制性定语从句定语化式汉译处理
(1) Lily is not a person who is ready to give in.
李利不是一个轻易放弃的人。
(2) The root is that part of the vegetable which least impresses the eyes.
根是植物中最不引人注目的部分。
(3) A person who is a jack of all trades has many skills.
一个全才的人是一个掌握许多技能的人。
(4) Chances favor the minds that are prepared.
唯有时刻准备的人才能抓住机遇。
(5) An electric field is a space where an electric force exists.
电场就是电力存在的空间。
(6) Our two countries are neighboring countries whose friendship is of long understanding.
我们两国是有着悠久友谊的邻邦。
(7) Have you set the day when you will move
你搬迁的日子定了吗?
以上7 个例句中定语从句译成汉语时做定语化式处理, 限制性定语从句一般与汉语单句中的定语成分相对应, 译文简洁明了, 符合汉语的行文习惯。
(1) A man , who bites others , gets bitten himself .
害人者, 反害已。
(2) My brother-in-law’s laugh, which was very infections , broke the silence.
我姐夫那富有感染力的笑声打破了沉默。
(3) A youngster, who has no playmates of his age living nearby, may benefit greatly from attending nursery school .
周围没有同龄伙伴和自己玩的儿童, 上托儿所可以得到很多的益处。
(4) The American businessman, who had long been interested in Chinese products, was invited to visit a development zone in east china.
早就对中国产品感兴趣的那个美国商人, 应邀参观了华东地区的一个开发区。(5) The factory has produced three kinds of chemicals, the quality of which is good.
这家工厂已生产出了三种质量合格的化学产品。
非限制性定语从句定语化式翻译远不如限制性定语从句普遍。非限制性定语从句在译成汉语时, 更多的是译成并列分句:
（1）Mary was made director of the dig, which made us excited.
玛丽被选为这次挖掘的负责人，这使我们大家很激动。
(2) I told the interesting story to Bonita, who told it to her husband.我把这个有趣的故事告诉了伯妮培, 伯妮培又告诉了她丈夫。
(3) Mechanical energy is changed into electric energy, which in turn
is changed into mechanical energy. 机械能转变成为电能, 而电能又反过来
转变成机械能。
2 定语从句谓语化
这种译法也非常普遍, 是把原句中先行词译成主语, 定语从句译成谓语结构, 英语中的There be结构就可以采用这种译法来处理译文。如:
(1) There is a man downstairs who wants to see you.
楼下有人要见你。
(2) There are many people who want to see the film.
许多人要看这部电影。
(3) There are some metals that are lighter than water.
有些金属比水轻。
(4) There have been many great men who have emerged from slums.
有很多伟人出身于贫民窟。
(5) There are some countries in the world where there is little rain
at any time.
世界上有些国家终年少雨。
除此之外, 还有一些限制性定语从句的英语复合句, 如果英语中的主句能够
在缩成汉语词组并用作译文的主语, 那么定语从句就可以译成谓语结构, 从而构
成一个独立句。
(1) We have a social and political system which differs in many
respects from your own.
我们的社会政治制度在许多方面与你们的不一样。
(2) We are a nation that must beg to stay alive.
我们国家不讨饭就活不下去。
(3) I saw a cow that was grazing under a tree.
我看见一头牛在树下吃草。
(4) My plan, which I have used many times, is very simple.
我的方案, 已经用过很多次, 很简单。
(5) An object in water experiences a buoyant force which is equal to the weight of the displayed water.
物体在水中所受的浮力, 等于它排开的水的重量。
定语从句谓语化式翻译, 译文生动形象, 不受语法限制, 行文流畅, 这是定语从句汉译的巧妙处理。
3 定语从句状语化(合译法/融合法)
英语中有些定语从句在意义上与主句有着逻辑状语关系, 起着主句的原因、结果、目的、让步、条件等状语的作用, 汉译时应从原文的字里行间审定这些逻辑关系, 将这些定语从句转译成相应的状语从句。
(1) The computer, which seems to play the role of a human brain, is often called an electric brain.
由于计算机起着类似人脑的作用, 所以常常被称作电脑。(原因状语从句)
(2) She took Chinese medicine which relieved her symptom.
她服了中药, 结果缓解了症状。(结果状语从句)
(3) Glass, which breaks at a blow, is capable of withstanding great pressure.
尽管玻璃一打就碎, 仍然能承受很大压力。 (让步状语从句)
(4) A gas occupies all of any container in which it is placed.
气体不论装在什么容器里, 都会把容器装满。(条件状语从句)
(5) An electrical current begins to flow through coil, which is connected across a charged condenser.
当线圈同充电的电容器相连接时, 电流就开始流经线圈。(译成时间状语从
句) 。
以上5 个例句中, 翻译时增译了“由于”, “结果”,“尽管”,“不论”,“当”等词, 译成汉语中相应的偏正复句, 了解并熟识这种定语从句的含义和译法, 对提高阅读理解和翻译能力是很有益处的。
综上所述, 定语从句汉译处理可运用如上所述的方法和技巧, 定语从句定语化汉译, 这是典型的归化式翻译技巧, 是东西方文化默契的融合。定语从句谓语化巧译, 增强了语言动感。定语从句状语化翻译, 加深了读者对原文的理解。当然, 翻译需要大量的实践, 实践中把握翻译的分寸, 掌握翻译的原则, 运用翻译的技巧, 从而使译文更加生动,让译文充满活力。
三汉译英时定语从句的易错点
进行有关定语从句的汉译英时，我们也要掌握一些基本的技巧，避免汉语的负迁移：
1要避免受汉语语序的负迁移的影响，如，
坐在我旁边的女孩是我的女儿。
刚学习定语从句的学生往往把它翻译成 sit next to me the girl is my daughter.
通过对比，我们可以发现，英汉两种语言的顺序截然不同：汉语中的定语总是在被修饰语的前面，而英语的定语若是从句或短语，总是放在被修饰语的后面。上述翻译应改为
The girl who sits next to me is my daughter.
2 要避免受汉语用法的影响而误用引导词，如，
This is all what I did in Africa. (这就是我在非洲所做的一切。)
上述英语句子应改为 This is all that I did in Africa.
What 往往可以翻译为“所---”，但却不可引导定语从句。
3 在“有---人做某事”的句式中，容易漏掉引导词，如，
There are thousands of visitors visit the Great Wall every year.
（每年都有成千上万的游客游览长城。）
上述句子应改为 There are thousands of visitors who visit the Great Wall every year.
或Thousands of visitors visit the Great Wall every year.
4 没有主句的句子里不可出现定语从句，如，
Tom, a clever boy, who is twelve years old.（汤姆是个聪明的孩子，今年12岁了。）
应改为 Tom, a clever boy, is twelve years old.
在把带有定语从句的英语句子翻译成汉语时，要充分考虑汉语的表达习惯，有时要进行谓语化或定语化翻译，有时要进行状语化翻译，把较长的英语句子翻
译成几个汉语句子，并能体现他们之间因果、让步、并列等的关系；而在进行汉译英时则要充分考虑英语的语法，避免汉语的负迁移。
定语从句翻译技巧精编版
定语从句翻译技巧公司内部编号：（GOOD-TMMT-MMUT-UUPTY-UUYY-DTTI-
定语从句翻译技巧 在英语中, 定语从句很常见, 翻译时如不进行仔细分析就会出现误译。通过实例对定语从句的翻译技巧做一探讨, 并将这些翻译技巧赋予理论概念, 即定语从句定语化, 定语从句谓语化, 定语从句状语化。在把汉语翻译成带有定语从句的英语时，中国学生常常会受到母语的影响会出现误译。因此我们要对比英汉两种语言，以便避免汉语的负迁移。 一英译汉时定语从句翻译中的易错点 英语中的定语从句是在句中起形容词作用的结构, 通常分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两大类。进行英译汉翻译时如不进行仔细分析，就会造成误译。比如，下面两个句子仅有一个逗号之差，含义却不同： His brother who is a soldier is eighteen years old now. His brother, who is a soldier, is eighteen years old now. 第一句应译为：他那个当兵的哥哥今年十八岁了。（含义为：他不止一个哥哥。句中的限制性定语从句起到限定的作用。） 第二句应译为：他的哥哥今年十八岁了，他在当兵。（含义为：他只有一个哥哥。句中的非限制性定语从句起到补充说明的作用。） 定语从句在英语中大量出现, 它有长有短, 结构有简有繁, 对先行词的限制有强有弱, 定语从句有时起着补充说明和分层叙述的作用, 或在逻辑上表示原因、目的、条件, 让步和结果等意义。在语序上, 英文定语从句置于先行词之后.。所以汉译时必须正确体会原文的逻辑概念, 合理安排译文的语序。 二英译汉时定语从句的翻译方法 英语定语从句虽然种类繁多, 变化复杂, 但一般均可以用以下三种方法翻译。
初中英语定语从句翻译练习
初中英语定语从句翻译练习 1.我们去年在医院一直照顾take care of的老太太死了. 2.你想娶marry的姑娘昨天偷了我的钱包。 3.孙老师写的书是世界上最好的书。 4.你喜欢的女孩就是我喜欢的女孩。 5.昨天被我家的狗咬的人bite今天又被你家狗咬了。 6.你知道他打算娶reason你的原因吗7.我讨厌hate我住过的那个旅馆hotel。8.我永远也忘不了我们共同生活和学习的那个秋天autumn。9.他爱了20年的那个女孩昨天嫁marry人了。10.她是我见过的最漂亮的女孩。11.有什么事我能帮你吗12.昨天死的那个老太太留下了100万美圆。13.那个医生告诉我他为我爹什么也做不了了。 14.这就是你能在上面找到答案的那一页. 15.正像老师昨天说的那样，他没有通过考试。16.正像我们刚才讨论的那样，学习英语很容易。17.正像我妈昨天告诉我的那样，我的女朋友根本不爱我。18.正像你知道的那样钱是非常重要的。20.你知道你们家狗要死的原因吗21. 她就是那个到明年年底，会攒一万美圆的那个女孩。22. 你认识那个警察一直在找的小偷吗 1.那本绿皮的书是关于太空的. 2.这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗? 3.北京是我的出生地 4.你还记得我第一次见到你的那一天吗? 5.他父亲在他出生那年逝世了 6.他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方 7.那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察 8.这是她买的第三个手机 9.有没有我能帮忙的事? 10.我喜欢能使我放松的音乐 11.他们租了一间窗户坏掉的房子 1.The book which has a green cover is about space. 2. 2.Is this the reason that he refused our help? 3. 3.Beijing is where i was born. 4. 4.Do you still remember the day that i first met you? 5. 5.His father died the year he was born. 6. 6.It is not so easy for him to find the place where he lived 40 years ago. 7.7.The thief gave all that he stoled to the police at last. 8.8.This is the third cellphone that she buyed. 9.9.Is there anything that i can help? 10.10.I like music which can make me feel easy. 11.11.They rent a room whose windows are broken 1. Don’t talk about such things of _______ you are not sure. A. which B. what C. as D. those 2. Is this the factory __________ you visited the other day? A. that B. where C. in which D. the one
定语从句翻译练习学生用
高一定语从句补充资料 1. Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, _____,for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society. A.which B. who C. where D. Whom 2. After the flooding, people were suffering in that area,_______ urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive. A.which B. who C. where D. What 3. By 16:30, ______ was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold. A．which B．when C．what D．that | “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句 将下列句子合并为含定语从句的句子。 Example 1: T hey reached the top of the mountain. Above the mountain appeared a rare rainbow． T hey reached the top of the mountain，above which appeared a rare rainbow． 1. The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months. " The sailing time of the journey was 226 days. The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, _of which_ the sailing time was 226 days. A.of which B. during which C. from which D. for which 2. The English play at the New Year's party was a great success My students acted in the play. The English play _______ my students acted at the New Year's party was a great success. A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which 3. We went through a period. — Communications were very difficult in the rural areas in that period. We went through a period in which communications were very dificult in the rural areas．我们经历过一段乡村地区通讯非常困难的时期。 was educated at the local high school. He went on to to Peking University after the local high school. He was educated at the local high school，after which he went on to Peking University．在当地中学毕业后．他上了北京大学。 5. For many cities in the world，there is no room to spread out further. New York is all example of the cities． For many cities in the world，there is no room to spread out further,of which New York is all example． 在世界上，对于许多城市来说，再也没有空间可以进一步延伸出去了。纽约就属于这种情况。
定语从句的翻译二
定语从句的“并列套用” 中文里“本位词”和“外位语”如何翻译成英文 英文短句的翻译方法 中英文事实和评论的关系 英文中四种句子的翻译方法 中英文关联词的使用和英文中人名地名的翻译 中英文的一个重要差异：中文是动态性语言，善于用动词；英文是静态性语言，善于用名词 定语从句的翻译二 This assumption rests on the fallacy of the inherent laziness in human nature; actually, aside from abnormally lazy people, there would be very few who would not want to earn more than the minimum, and who would prefer to do nothing rather than work. 这种假设基于人性中内在懒惰的谬论，实际上，除了不正常懒惰的人以外，很少有人不愿意挣只比最低生活费多的钱，也很少有人愿意无所事事，而不去工作。
第一步：断句 This assumption rests on the fallacy/ of the inherent laziness in human nature; actually,/ aside from abnormally lazy people,/ there would be very few/ who would not want to earn more than the minimum,/ and who would prefer to do nothing/ rather than work. 并列套用： 中心词+ 定语1 + 定语2 + 定语3 + 。。。European’s today, like Americans 200 years ago, seek a world where strength does not matter so much, where unilateral action by nations is forbidden and where all nations regardless of their strength are protected by commonly agreed rules of behavior. 当今的欧洲人，就和两百年前的美国人一样，寻找这样一个世界，在那里，武力并不是最重要的，禁止由国家发起的单边运动，所有国家不论其实力，都受到普遍公认的行为准则的保护。 第二步：翻译 假设是基于这样一种谬论：人性中存在着天生的懒惰。
定语从句翻译
1.李昂就是那个决心清除社会上所有坏蛋的职业杀手。 Leon was a professional killer who was determined to get rid of all the bad guys in the society. 2.玛蒂尔德就是那个父母都已离世的可怜的小女孩。 Mathilda was a poor little girl whose parents both died. 3.足球是一项培养孩子跟别人合作的团队活动。 Football is a team work that trains children to work with others. 4.你想见的那个人住进了这家宾馆。 The man whom you want to see checked in this hotel. 5.这是我们昨天参观的那家工厂。 This is the factory (which/that ) we visited yesterday. 6.我昨天收到的那封信是我的一个朋友寄来的。 The letter (which/that) I received yesterday was from a friend of mine. 7.他常常回忆起童年在乡下跟爷爷去河边钓鱼的日子。 He often recalls the days of his childhood when he and his grandfather went fishing by the river. 8.这是鲁迅曾经住过的房子。 This is the house where Lu Xun once lived. This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived. This is the house which Lu Xun once lived in. 9.我们不知道他没有来的原因。 We don’t know the reason why he didn’t show up. We don’t know the reason that he didn’t show up. (×) 10.中国政府正在大力发展农业，农业的重要性现在已是人人皆知。 Chinese government is trying to develop agriculture with great efforts, the importance of which is now known to everybody. 11.会议延期了，而这正是我们所希望的。 The meeting was put off, which/as was exactly what we wanted. 12.这是我看过的最好的一部电影。 This is the best film (that) I have ever seen. This is the best film (which) I have ever seen. (×)
定语从句的翻译
定语从句翻译 13. 【2012上海】在展览会上，公司销售经理展示了孩子们翘首以盼的新型电子玩具。(demonstrate) 1. At the exhibition, the company's sales manager demonstrated the new type of electronic toys that children were looking forward to. 14. 这本书对我帮助很大，特别是在好印象是必须的工作中。（help greatly, expression, a must） 2. The book has helped me greatly, especially at work where a good impression is a must. 15.我认为学生应当参加社区活动，在活动中他们可以为成长获得经验。（involve oneself in, community activities, gain experience） 3. I think Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth. 16. 我永远不会忘记我们一起度过的日子。 4. I will never forget the days (that/ which) we spent together. 6.【2010湖北】母亲对我所做的一切如此自豪，她奖赏我去北京旅游一趟。（so proud of, all, reward, trip）5. My mother was so proud of all that I had done that she rewarded me with a trip to Beijing. 7. 这个就是我一直在寻找的那本书。( the very book ) 6. This is the very book that I have been looking for. 8.【2004上海】我发现很难与那些一贯固执己见的人合作。(…it…, cooperate, stick to) 7. I find it (is) hard to cooperate with those who always stick to their own opinions. 9.在那边扫地的那个女的是谁？(Who, sweep the floor) 8. Who is the woman that is sweeping the floor over there? 10.她已不再是过去的她。 9. She is no longer the woman (that) she used to be. 11.如果有你一个人不能克服的困难，你可以向你的父母或朋友求助。（ any difficulty, overcome, turn to 10. If there is any difficulty (that) you can’t overcome alone, you can turn to your parents or friends for help. 7. 【2013湖北】上学时我遇到过很多老师，其中两位对我影响很大。(through the course of, meet, two of , influence) 11. Through the course of my schooling , I met many teachers , two of whom influenced me greatly. 8.参观你所在的城市是一次难忘的经历，一次我将永生珍视的经历。（visiting your city, experience, one, treasure for the rest of my life） 12. Visiting your city is an unforgettable experience, one I will treasure for the rest of my life. 9.那些树，树枝几乎秃了，都有数百年了。（branches, bare, hundreds of ） 13. those trees, whose branches is nearly bare, have hundreds of years. 6.起初，我认为李老师有点怪，因为他总是问一些没人能回答的问题。（kind of odd, such questions as）14. At first, I thought Mr li was kind of odd, because he was always asking such questions as no one could answer. 7.他不是一个把今天能做的事拖到明天做这样的一个人。（such a man, put off…until tomorrow） 15. he isn’t such a man as put off what he can do today till tomorrow. 8.在我生日那天，我收到了像母亲承诺的那样好的一件礼物。（receive as good a gift） 16. On my birthday, I received as good a gift as my mother had promised. 9.我在他的书包里发现了我前几天丢的那支钢笔，这支笔是我朋友送给我的生日礼物。我怒不可遏了。（the same, a gift from, contain my anger） 17. I found in his schoolbag the same pen that I lost the other day, which is a special gift from my friend, and I couldn’t contain my anger. 10.英语是如此有用的一门语言，世界上许多人都在学它。（so useful, learn it）
定语从句翻译技巧
定语从句的翻译方法 根据汉语的表达习惯及对原文的忠实度，翻译这类定语从句可以采用以下几种方法1.1前置合译法( 前滚翻)：若定语从句较短，较简单，与名词（先行词）的关系紧密（一般来说，紧密的，为限定性从句；不紧密的，为非限定性从句），限定性定语从句及少部分非限定性从句( 较短且有描述性的非限定)，一般将从句提在先行词之前，译成“。。。的” 1）The action it takes at any moment can’t be predicted,and people find that disturbing. 它在任何一个时刻采取的行动都无法预见，这使人们觉得有些乱。 2）I was, to borrow from John Le Carre, the spy who was to stay out in the cold. 借用的话来说（插入语，作状语，译成汉语时，放在句首），我成了一个被打入冷宫的间谍。 3）There will come a day when people all over the world will live a happy life. 全世界人民过上幸福生活的那一天（终究）是会到来的。 4）The people who worked for him lived in mortal fear of him. 在他手下干活的员工怕他怕得要死。 5)We were most impressed by the fact that even those patients who were not told of their serious ill were quite aware of its potential outcome. 给我们留下极深印象的是：（同位语的翻译）即使那些没有被告知严重病情的病人，对其疾病的潜在后果也是非常清楚的。 6)One explanation for the pig-eating taboo is that pork that is not cooked sufficiently may spread a disease called trichinosis. 对禁食猪肉的一种解释是：如果未被煮透的话，猪肉可能会传播一种叫旋毛虫病的疾病。 7)But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past, for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago. 但更为重要的是，这是科学家们所能观察到的最遥远的过去的景象，因为他们看到的是150亿年前宇宙云的形状和结构。（98考研）
定语从句句子翻译练习
定语从句句子翻译练习集团文件发布号：（9816-UATWW-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DQQTY-
定语从句翻译练习1. 我绝不能理解他犯这样一个严重错误的原因。 _______________________________________________________________________ ___ 2. 他们来到一座小房子，房子前面坐着一个男孩。 _______________________________________________________________________ ____ 3. 把我们带向体育馆的那条路又宽又长。 _______________________________________________________________________ ______ 4. 造成这次事故的驾驶员是谁？ _______________________________________________________________________ _______ 5. 这是你必须注意的那个单词。 _______________________________________________________________________ ___ 6. 他是那个唯一擅长跳舞的学生。 _______________________________________________________________________ ______ 7. 他把我打了，这是我没有预料到的。 _______________________________________________________________________ ______
(完整版)定语从句翻译练习(综合版)
定语从句翻译练习（综合版） 1.我有一位非常喜欢音乐的朋友。 2.我将永远记住在高一时教我们化学的那位老师。 3.英语是全世界都使用的语言。 4.足球是大多数男孩都喜欢的运动。 5.今天是我们经历过的最寒冷的一天。 6.你需要做的第一件事就是学习英语。 7.玛丽所指的是哪一幅画。 8.那班我正在等的火车现在已经晚了半小时。 9.我们在街上遇见的那位女士是我们的数学老师。 10.他告诉我侦探们他们想要知道的所有事情。 11.这是我第一次遇见我班主任的地方。 12.我们发现一家餐厅，那里的食物精美可口。 13.那是你借给他钱的男士吗？ 14.这是你必须改掉的习惯。 15.你照顾的所有的孩子都喜欢游泳。 16.我有一位同学，他的母亲是一位著名的歌唱家。 17.我住在一间窗户朝北的房间里。 18.这首诗正如人们所知道的那样，这首诗是由汪国真写的。 19.他为什么缺席的原因不明确。 20.我真的很喜欢甜食，这就是我牙齿不好的原因。 21.正像老师昨天说的那样，他考试及格了。 22.正如刚才讨论的那样，学习英语很容易。 23.我将永远记住呆在农村生活的那段日子。 24.孙老师写的书是世界上最好的书。 25.你知道他打算出国留学的原因吗？ 26.我讨厌我住过的那个旅馆。 27.我永远也忘记不了我们共同生活和学习的那个秋天。 28.她是我见过的最善良的女孩。 29.这就是你能在上面找到答案的那一页。 30.昨天在购物中心，我遇到了那位我在一次聚会上认识的教授。 31.人们会永远记住香港和澳门回归祖国的那一时刻。 32.这就是我们昨天参观过的那个图书馆。
参考答案 1. I have a friend who likes music very much. 2. I will always remember the teacher who taught us chemistry at high school. 3. English is the language which is used all over the world. 4. Football is a sport that/which most boys like. 5. Today is the coldest day (that) we have ever had. 6. The first thing (that) you need to do is learn English. 7. Which is the picture (that) Marie refers to? 8. The train (that) I was waiting for is now half an hour late. 9. The lady (whom/that) we met in the street is our math teacher. 10. He told me all (that) detectives wanted to know. 11. This is the first time (that) I met my class teacher. 12. We found a restaurant where the food was delicious. 13. Is that the man (that) you lend money? 14. This is the habit (that) you must change. 15. All the children (that) you care for are fond of swimming. 16. I have a classmate whose mother is a famous singer. 17. I live in a room whose windows face north. 18. This poem, as is known to all, is written by Wang Guozhen. 19. The reason why he was absent is not clear. 20. I really like sweet food. That's the reason why I don't have good teeth. 21. As the teacher said yesterday, he passed the exam. 22. As we have just discussed, learning English is very easy. 23. I will always remember the days when I lived in the countryside. 24. The book which was written by Mr. Sun is the best book in the world. 25. Do you know the reason why he plans to study abroad? 26. I hate the hotel where I stayed. / in which I stayed. 27. I will never forget the autumn when we lived and studied together. 28. She is the most kindhearted girl (whom/that) I have ever met. 29. This is the page where you can find the answer. 30. Yesterday at the shopping center, I met the professor (whom/that) I met at a party. 31. People will always remember the time when Hongkong and Macao returned to the motherland. 32. This is the library (which/that) we visited yesterday.
定语从句的用法并翻译例句
定语从句的用法并翻译例句 一、定语从句的概念 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。 二、定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代 词包括that，which，who（宾格whom，所有格whose）等，关系副词包括where，when，why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。 三、定语从句的分类 根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 四、关系代词的用法 1. that 用于指人或指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。 Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.（that作主语） 译：_____________________________________________________________ The coat（that）I put on the desk is blue.（that作宾语） 译：_____________________________________________________________ 2.which用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。 The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.作主语） 译：_____________________________________________________________ The film（which）we saw last night was wonderful.（作宾语） 译：_____________________________________________________________ 3.who，whom用于指人，who 用作主语，whom用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who 代替whom，也可省略。 The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.（作主语） 译：_____________________________________________________________ Who is the teacher（whom）Li Ming is talking to？（作宾语） 译：_____________________________________________________________ 【注意】 （1）当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who，that，which可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。 This is the house in which we lived last year. 译：_____________________________________________________________
英语语法之定语从句
定语从句 1.1 定语从句的两个重要概念：先行词和关系词： 先行词：被定语从句所修饰的对象称为先行词。 关系词：重复指代先行词，起连接主句和从句的作用，并且在定语从句中充当一定成分的连接词称为关系词。关系词有两个作用： 1.代词的作用：重复指代先行词并且在定语从句中充当一定成分，比如I don’t like people who never keep their word.中的who指代people并且作从句的主语。 2.连接作用：即连接主句和从句，如上句who起着连接主句I don’t like people 和从句who never keep their word 的作用 1.2 关系词在定语从句充当的成分 在上一节中，在谈到关系词的“代词作用”时，提到它“重复指代先行词并且在定语从句中充当一定的成分”。因此接下来的分析思路是，以关系词为出发点，从两个角度来谈定语从句：一是关系词在从句中所能充当的各种不同成分；二是关系词与先行词的对应关系，即不同的先行词要由不同的关系词来指代。 1.2.1 关系词用作从句的主语 1. I like guys and they have a good sense of humor. ↓ 2. I like guys w h o have a good sense of humor. 点睛：这里的关系词who取代and they，来引导定语从句who have a good sense of humor,修饰名词guys。这个guys就是先行词。 翻译：我喜欢有幽默感的男生。 3. Anger is a thief who steals away the nice moments. 翻译：愤怒就如同一个窃贼，盗取了我们的幸福时光。 4. He who is not handsome at twenty, nor strong at thirty, nor rich at forty, nor wise at fifty, will never be handsome, rich or wise. 翻译：一个人若在20岁时不俊美，30岁不健康，40岁不富有，50岁时不明智，那么他将永远不会拥有这些。 5. There is this difference between happiness and wisdom: the person who thinks himself the happiest man really is so ; but the person who thinks himself the wisest is generally the greatest fool. 翻译：幸福与智慧区别于此：认为自己是最幸福的，他真的就是最幸福的；而认为自己是最有智慧的，他却往往是最大的傻瓜。 6. Of course I am not talking about easy-come-easy-go friendship. I’m talking about friends who care deeply about each other, who support each other, who make life worth living. 翻译：当然了，我这里所说的的友谊不是那种“来的快去的也快”的泛泛之交，而是那种彼此之间能真正互相关心的朋友，就能够互相支持的朋友，能够让你的人生更有意义的朋友。 1.2.2 关系词用作从句动词的宾语（relative pronoun as object of verb） 关系词除了像上面讨论的在定语从句中作主语外，还可以在从句中作宾语。
定语从句翻译技巧
定语从句翻译技巧 定语从句是由一些关系代词或者关系副词引导的从句组成，用来修饰名词中心词。 Person has pieced together the worked of hundreds of researcher around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest date when we can expect hundreds of key breakthrough and discoveries to take place. 皮而森汇集了...生产出独特的千年历，这种千年历（它）能够... 定语的翻译要特别注意位置上的变化，即：如果是单词修饰名词就放在中心词的前面，这和汉语的词序是一样的；如果定语太长，定语就要放在中心词的后面，这时就要注意断句，重复先行词，例如： 1.I have the same problem as you concerning the learning of English 在学英语的问题上，我和你有同样的问题。 2.She has a perfect figure. 她身材不错。 3.This is indeed a most pressing problem. 这的确是一个非常棘手的问题。 4.The only other people who knew the secret were his father and mother. 别的知道这个秘密的人就是他的父母。 5.The effective work of maintaining discipline is usually performed by students who advise the academic authorities 有效的维持纪律通常是由一些学生来做的，而这些学生则负责给学校的领导提建议。 6.The nomads who made these markings lived by hunting and fishing during the last Ice Age which began about 35,000 B.C. and ended about 10,000 B.C.
英语定语从句的翻译技巧
定语从句的翻译 英语中，定语从句分成限制性从句与非限制性从句两种。他们在英语中的位置一般是在其所修饰的先行词后面。 限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句的其别只是在于限制意义的强弱。而汉语中定语作为修饰语通常在其所修饰的词前面，并且没有限制意义的强弱之分，因此，限制与非限制在翻译中并不起十分重要的作用。 英语中多用结构复杂的定语从句，而汉语中修饰语则不宜臃肿。所以，在翻译定语从句时，一定要考虑到汉语的表达习惯。 从结构上分析，常见的定语从句翻译方法： 一、前置法：把定语从句翻译到所修饰的先行词前面，可以用“的”来连接。 既然定语从句的意义是作定语修饰语，所以在翻译的时候，通常把较短的定语从句译成带“的”的前置定语，翻译在定语从句的先行词前面。 He who has never tasted what is bitter does not know what is sweet. 没有吃过苦的人不知道什么是甜。 Space and oceans are the new world which scientists are trying to explore. 太空和海洋是科学家们努力探索的新领域。 His laughter, which was infectious, broke the silence. 他那富有感染力的笑声打破了沉寂。 Harmonious interpersonal relationship is the primary reason why I enjoy working here. 同事之间关系融洽是我喜欢在这工作的主要原因。 二、后置法：把定语从句翻译在所修饰的先行词后面，翻译为并列分句。 英语的英语从句结构常常比较复杂，如果翻译在其修饰的先行词前面的话，会显得定语太臃肿，